B040901Moggallānavuttivivaraṇapañcikā(目犍連韻律解釋五篇)c3.5s

Moggallāna vuttivivaraṇapañcikā.

Vuttisametā.

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Saddhamiddhaguṇaṃ sādhu namassitvā tathāgataṃ,

Sadhammasaṅghaṃ bhāsissaṃ māgadhaṃ saddalakkhaṇaṃ.

Akārādayo niggahītantā tecattālīsakkharā vaṇṇā nāma honti, a ā i ī u ū e ऐ o औ ka kha ga gha ṅa ca cha ja jha ña ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa ta tha da dha na pa pha ba bha ma ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ; tena kvattho 『『ñonama vaṇṇe『『. titālīsāti vacanaṃ katthavi vaṇṇalopaṃ ñāpeti; tena-paṭisaṅkhāyoni soti-ādi siddhaṃ.

Dasādo sarā-.

Tatthādimhi dasa vaṇṇā sarā nāma honti; tena kvattho 『『saro lopo sare『『. ccādi.

Dvedve savaṇṇā-.

Tesu dvedve sarā savaṇṇā nāma honti; tena kvattho 『『vaṇṇapareṇa savaṇṇopi『『

1.

這是《目犍連復注五篇》的中文翻譯: 禮敬世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者 善禮敬如來具足正法功德, 亦禮正法僧伽,今說摩揭陀語法。 字母從a開始到鼻音(niggahīta)結束共四十三個字母,即:a、ā、i、ī、u、ū、e、ऐ、o、औ、ka、kha、ga、gha、ṅa、ca、cha、ja、jha、ña、ṭa、ṭha、ḍa、ḍha、ṇa、ta、tha、da、dha、na、pa、pha、ba、bha、ma、ya、ra、la、va、sa、ha、ḷa、aṃ。這就是"字母名稱"的目的。說"四十三"這個數目是爲了表明某些情況下字母的省略,因此像"paṭisaṅkhāyoni so"等詞形得以成立。 開頭十個是元音。 其中最初的十個字母稱為元音。這就是"元音后省略元音"等規則的目的。 相同的兩兩元音。 在這些元音中,每兩個相同的元音稱為同音。這就是"與後續同音的規則"的目的。 1.

2.

Pubbo rasso-.

Tesu dvīsu yo yo pubbo so so rassasañño hoti; tesu e o saṃyogato pubbāva dissanti; tena kvattho 『『rasso ve『『.ccādi.

Paro dīgho-.

Tesveva dvīsu yo yo paro so so dīghasañño hoti; tena kvattho』yolopanisu dīgho『『.ccādi.

Kādayo byajanā-.

Kakārādayo vaṇṇā niggahītapariyantā byajanasaññā honti; tena kvattho 『『byajane dīgharassā『『.ccādi.

Pañca pañcakā vaggā-.

Kādayo pañcakā pañca vaggā nāma hontī; tena kvattho 『『vagge vagganto『『. ccādi.

Bindu niggahītaṃ-.

Yvāyaṃ vaṇṇe bindumatto so niggahītasañño hoti; tena kvattho 『『niggahītami『『. ccādi; garusaññā karaṇaṃ anvatthasaññatthaṃ.

Iyuvaṇṇā jjhalā nāmassante-.

Nāmaṃ pāṭipadikaṃ tassa ante vattamānā ivaṇṇuvaṇṇā jhalasaññā honti yathākkamaṃ; tena kvattho『『jhalā ve『『. Ccādi.

Pitthiyaṃ-.

Itthiyaṃ vattamānassa nāmassante vattamānā ivaṇṇu vaṇṇā pasaññā honti; tena kvatthā 『『ye passivaṇṇassa『『. Iccādi.

Ghā-.

Itthiyaṃ vattamānassa nāmassante vattamāno ākāro ghasañeññā hoti; tena kvattho 『『ghabrahmādite『『.Ccādi.

Gosyālapane-.

Ālapane si gasañño hoti; tena kvattho 『『ge ve『『.Ccādi.

Saññādhikāro.

Vidhibbisesanantassa-.

Yaṃ visesanaṃ tadantassa vidhi ñātabbo; 『『ato yonaṃ ṭāṭe『『. Narā nare.

Sattamiyaṃ pubbassa-.

Sattamīniddese pubbasseva kāriyaṃ ñatabbaṃ; 『『saro lopo sare『『. Veḷaggaṃ; tamahantīdha kasmā na hoti; saretopasilesikādhāro tatthetāva vuccate pubbasseva hoti na parassāti.

Pañcamiyaṃ parassa-.

Pañcamīniddese parassa kāriyaṃ ñatabbaṃ; 『『ato yonaṃ ṭāṭe『『. Narā nare; idha na hoti jantuyo anantā; idha kasmā na hoti; osadhyo anantare katatthatāya na vyava hitassa kāriyaṃ.

Ādissa-.

Parassa sissamānaṃ kāriyamādivaṇṇassa ñātabbaṃ; 『『ra saṅkhyāto vā『『. Rājinā.

Chaṭṭhiyantassa-.

Chaṭṭhiniddiṭṭhassa yaṃ kāriyaṃ tadantassa vaṇṇassa viññeyyaṃ 『『rājassi nāmhi『『. Rājinā.

Ṅanubandho-.

Ṅakāro』nubandho yassa so』ntassa hoti; 『『gossāvaṅi『『. Gavāssaṃ.

Ṭanubandhānekavaṇṇā sabbassa-.

Ṭakāro』nubandho yassa so』nekakkharo cādeso sabbassa hoti; 『『imassānitthiyaṃ ṭe『『. Esu 『『nāmhanimi『『. Anena.

2. 前者為短音。 在這兩個字母中,每個前面的字母稱為短音;在這些中,e和o只出現在複輔音前;這就是"短音"等規則的目的。 後者為長音。 在這兩個字母中,每個後面的字母稱為長音;這就是"在省略時為長音"等規則的目的。 從ka開始的是輔音。 從ka字母開始到鼻音(niggahīta)結束的字母稱為輔音;這就是"在輔音后長短音"等規則的目的。 五組每組五個。 從ka開始的每五個字母稱為五組;這就是"組中的組末"等規則的目的。 圓點是鼻音。 在字母中這個圓點形狀的稱為鼻音;這就是"鼻音"等規則的目的;稱為重音是爲了說明其本義。 名詞末尾的i、u元音稱為jhala。 在詞根末尾的i元音和u元音依次稱為jhala;這就是"jhala變化"等規則的目的。 在陰性中。 在陰性名詞末尾的i元音和u元音稱為pa;這就是"pa的i元音"等規則的目的。 gha。 在陰性名詞末尾的ā稱為gha;這就是"gha在brahma等詞前"等規則的目的。 呼格中的go。 在呼格中si稱為ga;這就是"ga的變化"等規則的目的。 稱謂章。 限定詞后的規則。 任何限定詞所限定的詞尾都應知道其規則;如"ato后yonam變為ṭāṭe"。narā變為nare。 第七格中前者。 在第七格說明中應知道只適用於前者;如"元音后省略元音"。veḷaggaṃ;為什麼tamahanti在這裡不適用;因為在元音上連音時,位置只在前面而不在後面。 第五格中後者。 在第五格說明中應知道適用於後者;如"ato后yonam變為ṭāṭe"。narā變為nare;這裡jantuyo anantā不適用;為什麼這裡不適用;因為osadhyo在相鄰處已完成,所以不適用于間隔的變化。 開始的。 後面保留的變化應知道適用於首字母;如"在數詞后ra任意"。rājinā。 第六格詞尾的。 第六格指示的變化應理解為適用於詞尾音;如"rājassa在nāmhi中"。rājinā。 帶ṅa的。 帶有ṅa作為標記的適用於詞尾;如"go在āvaṅ中"。gavāssaṃ。 帶ṭa的多音節替換適用於整體。 帶有ṭa作為標記的多音節替換適用於整個詞;如"ima在非陰性中變為ṭe"。在"nāmhi"中變為esu。anena。

Ñakānubandhādyantā-.

Chaṭṭhiniddiṭṭhassa ñānubandhakānubandhā ādyantā honti; 『『bruto tissīña『『. Bravīti, 『『bhussa vuka『『. Babhuva.

Manubandho sarānamantā paro-.

Makāro』nubandho yassa so sarānamantā sarā paro hotī; 『『mañca rudhādīnaṃ『『. Rundhati.

Vippaṭisedhe-.

Dvinnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vā purisānaṃ sahappattiyaṃ paro; so ca gacchati tvañca gacchasi, tumhe gacchatha; so ca gacchati tvañca gacchasi ahañca gacchāmi, mayaṃ gacchāma.

Saṅketo』navayavo』nubandho-.

Yo』navayavabhuto saṅketo so』nubandhoti ñatabbo;latupitādīnamāsimhi. Kattā, saṅketaggahaṇaṃ kiṃ? Pakatīyādisamudāyassānubandhatā mā hotuti; anavayavo hi samudāyo samudāyarūpattāyeva; anavayavaggahaṇaṃ kiṃ?』Atena』. Janena; imināva lopassāvagatattā nānubandhalopāya vacanamāraddhaṃ.

Vaṇṇaparena savaṇṇo』pi-.

Vaṇṇasaddo paro yasmā tena savaṇṇo』pi gayhati saṃva rūpaṃ; yuvaṇṇānamño luttā『『. Vāteritaṃ, samonā.

Ntu vantumanatvāvantutavantusambandhi-.

Vantvādisambandhiyeva ntu gayhati, 『『ntantunaṃ nto yomhi paṭhame『『. Guṇavanto; vantvādisambandhīti kiṃ; jantu tantu.

Paribhāsāyo.

Saro lopo sare-.

Sare saro lopanīyo hoti; tatrime, saddhindriyaṃ, no hetaṃ, bhikkhunovādo, sametāyasmā, abhibhāyatanaṃ, puttā matthi, asantettha.

Paro kvaci lopanīyo hoti; so』pi, sāva, yatodakaṃ, tatova; kvavīti kiṃ? Saddhinduyaṃ ayamadhikāro āparicchedāvasānā tena nātippasaṅgo.

Nadvevā-.

Pubbaparasarā dve』pi vā kvaci na lupyante; latā iva lateva latāva.

Yuvaṇṇanamño luttā-.

Luttā sarā paresaṃ ivaṇṇuvaṇṇānaṃ ño honti vā yathākkamaṃ; tassedaṃ, vāteritaṃ, nopeti, vāmoru, ateva』ññe, vodakaṃ; kathaṃ paccorasmanti; yogavibhagā, vātveva tassidaṃ; lutteti kiṃ? Latā iva.

Yavā sare-.

Sare pare ivaṇṇuvaṇṇānaṃ yakāravakārā hontiva yathākkamaṃ; vyākato, iccassa, ajjhiṇamutto, svāgataṃ, bhavāpanalānīlaṃ; vāttheva-itissa; kvacītveva-yānīdha, sūpaṭṭhitaṃ.

Ñonaṃ-.

Ñonaṃ yavā honti vā sare yathākkamaṃ; tyajja te』jja svāhaṃ so』haṃ,kvacitveva-puttāmatthi asantettha.

Gossāvaṅi-.

凡帶有ña和ka標記的適用於詞首和詞尾;如"brūto在ti中帶ña"變為bravīti,"bhū帶ka"變為babhuva。 帶m標記的在元音的後面。 凡帶有m作為標記的,在元音后為元音;如"mañ適用於rudh等詞根"變為rundhati。 在相互否定中。 兩個或三個人同時發生時用後者;如"他去你去"變為"你們去";"他去你去我去"變為"我們去"。 非構成成分的標記是記號。 任何非構成成分的記號應知道是標記;如latu和pitu等詞在āsi中變為kattā。為什麼要說"記號"?是爲了避免整體詞形被視為標記;因為整體本身就不是構成成分。為什麼要說"非構成成分"?如atena變為janena;由於通過這個已經理解了省略,所以不需要另外說明標記的省略。 與後續字母同音的也。 當字母一詞在後時,與之同音的也被包括在內,如同自身形式;如"yuvaṇṇa在ña省略后"變為vāteritaṃ, samonā。 與ntu、vantu、mantu、āvantu、tavantu相關的。 只有與vantu等相關的ntu才被採用,如"在yo的第一位置nta和ntu變為nto"變為guṇavanto;為什麼要說與vantu等相關?因為jantu和tantu不適用。 釋義章。 元音在元音前省略。 在元音前的元音應該省略;如tatrime、saddhindriyaṃ、no hetaṃ、bhikkhunovādo、sametāyasmā、abhibhāyatanaṃ、puttā matthi、asantettha。 後者有時省略;如so'pi、sāva、yatodakaṃ、tatova;為什麼要說"有時"?如saddhindriyaṃ。這個規定一直適用到章節結束,因此不會過度擴充套件。 或兩者都不。 前後兩個元音有時都不省略;如latā iva變為lateva或latāva。 yuvaṇṇa在ña省略后。 在省略后,i元音和u元音分別變為ña;如tassedaṃ、vāteritaṃ、nopeti、vāmoru、ateva'ññe、vodakaṃ;如何解釋paccorasm?通過分離規則,如vātveva tassidaṃ;為什麼要說"省略后"?如latā iva。 在元音前變為y和v。 在元音前i元音和u元音分別變為y和v;如vyākato、iccassa、ajjhiṇamutto、svāgataṃ、bhavāpanalānīlaṃ;但不包括vā和it;有時不適用,如yānīdha、sūpaṭṭhitaṃ。 ña的變化。 ña分別變為y和v,在元音前任選;如tyajja變為te'jja,svāhaṃ變為so'haṃ;有時不適用,如puttāmatthi asantettha。 go的變化。

Sare gossa avaṅi hoti; gavāssaṃ; yathariva tatharivetinipātāva; bhusāmiveti ivasaddo evattho.

Byañjane dīgharassā-.

Rassadīghānaṃ kvaci dīgharassā honti byañjane; tatrāyaṃ, munīvare, sammadeva, mālahārī.

Saramhā dve-

Saramhā parassa byañjanassa kvaci dve rūpā honti; paggaho; saramhāti-kiṃ? Taṃkhaṇaṃ.

Catutthadutiyesveyaṃ tatiyapaṭhāmā-.

Catutthadutiyesu paresvesaṃ catutthadutiyānaṃ tabbagge tatiyapaṭhamā honti paccāsattya; mahaddhano, yasa tthero, apphuṭaṃ, abbhuggato; esviti-kiṃ? Thero; esantikiṃ?Pattho.

Vitisseve vā-.

Evasadde pare itissa vo hoti vā; ittheva icceva; eveti-kiṃ,iccāha.

Ñonama vaṇṇe-.

Ñonaṃ vaṇṇe kvaci a hoti vā; disvā yācakamāgate, akarambhasate,esaattho, esadhammo, maggo aggamakkhāyati, svāyatanaṃ, hiyyattanaṃ, karassu; vātveva-yācake āgate, eso dhammo; vaṇṇeti kiṃ?So.

Niggahītaṃ-.

Niggabhītamāgamo hoti vā kvaci; cakkhuṃ udapādi cakkhu udapādi, purimaṃjāti purimajāti, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahuṃ. Avaṃ siroti-ādisu niccaṃ vavatthītavibhāsattā vādhikārassa; sāmatthī yenāgamova sa ca rassasarasseva hoti tassa rassānugatattā.

Lopo-.

Niggahītassa lopo hoti vā kvaci; kyāhaṃ kīmahaṃ, sā ratto saṃratto; sallekho-gattukāmo-gantumanotiādisu niccaṃ.

Parasarassa-

Niggahītamhā parassa sarassa lopo hoti vā kvaci; tvaṃsi tvamasi.

Vagge vagganto-

Niggahītassa kho vagge vagganto vā hoti paccā satyā; taṅkaroti taṃ karoti, tañcarati taṃ carati, taṇṭhānaṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ, tandhanaṃ taṃ dhanaṃ, tampāti taṃ pāti; niccaṃ pada majjhe, gantvā; kvacaññatrāpi, santiṭṭhati.

Yevahisuñño-.

Yaevahisaddesu niggahītassa vā ño hoti; yayaññadeva, taññeva, tañbhi; vātveva-yaṃyadeva.

Ye saṃssa-

Saṃsaddassa yaṃ niggahītaṃ tassa vā ño hoti yakāre; saññamo saṃyamo.

Mayadā sare-.

Niggahītassa mayadā honti vā sare kvaci; tamahaṃ, tayidaṃ, tadalaṃ; vātveva-taṃ ahaṃ.

Vanataragā cāgamā-.

在元音前go變為avaṅ;如gavāssaṃ;像yathariva和tatheva這樣的詞是不變化詞;bhusāmi中的iva詞意為eva。 在輔音前長短音。 在輔音前,短音和長音有時互換;如tatrāyaṃ、munīvare、sammadeva、mālahārī。 元音后雙寫。 元音后的輔音有時雙寫;如paggaho;為什麼說"元音后"?如taṃkhaṇaṃ。 第四和第二音在前時變為第三和第一音。 當第四和第二音在後時,它們要按照親近性變為同組的第三和第一音;如mahaddhano、yasa tthero、apphuṭaṃ、abbhuggato;為什麼說"在這些前"?如thero;為什麼說"這些"?如pattho。 iti在eva前變為v。 在eva詞前iti任意變為vo;如ittheva或icceva;為什麼說"在eva前"?如iccāha。 ña在字母前變為a。 ña在字母前有時任意變為a;如disvā yācakamāgate、akarambhasate、esaattho、esadhammo、maggo aggamakkhāyati、svāyatanaṃ、hiyyattanaṃ、karassu;為什麼說"任意"?如yācake āgate、eso dhammo;為什麼說"字母"?如so。 鼻音。 鼻音有時任意新增;如cakkhuṃ udapādi或cakkhu udapādi、purimaṃjāti或purimajāti、kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahuṃ。在avaṃ siro等詞中由於固定的選擇性變化而不受任意性的影響;由於能力所致的新增只發生在短音之後,因為它遵循短音。 省略。 鼻音有時任意省略;如kyāhaṃ或kīmahaṃ、sā ratto或saṃratto;在sallekho、gattukāmo、gantumano等詞中總是省略。 後面的元音。 鼻音后的元音有時任意省略;如tvaṃsi變為tvamasi。 組內變為組末音。 鼻音在同組音前根據親近性任意變為該組的組末音;如taṅkaroti或taṃ karoti、tañcarati或taṃ carati、taṇṭhānaṃ或taṃ ṭhānaṃ、tandhanaṃ或taṃ dhanaṃ、tampāti或taṃ pāti;在詞中間總是發生,如gantvā;有時在其他位置也發生,如santiṭṭhati。 在ye、va、hi前變為ñ。 在ye、va、hi等詞前鼻音任意變為ñ;如yayaññadeva、taññeva、tañbhi;為什麼說"任意"?如yaṃyadeva。 saṃ在y前。 saṃ詞中的鼻音在y前任意變為ñ;如saññamo或saṃyamo。 在元音前變為m、y、d。 鼻音在元音前有時任意變為m、y、d;如tamahaṃ、tayidaṃ、tadalaṃ;為什麼說"任意"?如taṃ ahaṃ。 v、n、t、r、g作為新增音。

Ete mayadā cāgamā honti sare vā kvaci; tivaṅgīkaṃ, ito nāyati, cinitvā, tasmātiha, nirojaṃ, puthageva, idhamāhu, yathayidaṃ, attadatthaṃ; vātveva-attatthaṃ; atippago kho tāvāti-paṭhamanto pagasaddova.

Chā ḷo-.

Chasaddā parassa sarassa ḷakāro āgamo hoti vā; chaḷahaṃ, chaḷāyatanaṃ; vātveva-cha abhiññā.

Tadaminādīni-

Tadaminādīni sādhūni bhavanti? Taṃ iminā tadaminā, sakiṃ āgāmī sakadāgāmī, ekaṃ idha ahaṃ ekamidāhaṃ, saṃvidhāya avahāro saṃvidāvahāro, vārino vāhako valāhako, jīvanassa mūto jīmūto, chavassa sayanaṃ susānaṃ, uddhaṃ khamassa udukkhalaṃ, pisi tāso pisāco, mahiyaṃ ravatīti mayūro; evamaññepi payoga to』nugantabbā; paresaṃ pisodarādivedaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Tavaggavaraṇānaṃ ye cavaggabayañā-.

Tavaggavaraṇānaṃ cavaggabayañā honti yathākkamaṃ yakāre; apūccaṇḍakāyaṃ, tacchaṃ, yajjevaṃ, ajjhattaṃ, thañaññaṃ, dibbaṃ, payyesanā, pokkharañño; kvacītveva-ratyā.

Vaggalasehi te-

Vaggalasehi parassa yakārassa kvaci te vaggalasā honti; sakkate, paccate, aṭṭate, kuppate, phallate, assate, kvacī tveca-kyāhaṃ.

Hassa vipallāso-

Hassa vipallāso hoti yakāre; guyhaṃ.

Ve vā-.

Hassa vipallāso hoti vā vakāre; bavhābādho bahvā bādho.

Tathanarānaṃ ṭaṭhaṇalā-.

Tathanarānaṃ ṭaṭhaṇalā hontī vā; dukkaṭaṃ, aṭṭhakathā, gahaṇaṃ, paligho, palāyati, vātveca-dukkataṃ; kvacītveva-sugato.

Saṃyogādilopo-

Saṃyogassa yo ādibhuto』vayavo tassa vā kvacī lopo hoti; pupphaṃsā, jāyate』gini.

Vicchābhikkhaññesu dve-

Vīcchāyamābhikkhaññe ca yaṃ vattate tassa dve rūpāni honti, kriyāya guṇena dabbena vā bhinne atthe vyāpitu micchā vīcchā; rukkhaṃrukkhaṃ siñcati, gāmogāmo ramaṇīyo, gāme gāme pānīyaṃ, gehe gehe issaro, rasaṃ rasaṃ bhakkhayatī, kiriyaṃ kiriyamārahate.

這些m、y、d以及其他新增音在元音前有時任意出現;如tivaṅgīkaṃ、ito nāyati、cinitvā、tasmātiha、nirojaṃ、puthageva、idhamāhu、yathayidaṃ、attadatthaṃ;為什麼說"任意"?如attatthaṃ;在atippago kho tāvā中,paga詞是第一個詞。 cha后變為ḷ。 cha詞后的元音前任意新增ḷ音;如chaḷahaṃ、chaḷāyatanaṃ;為什麼說"任意"?如cha abhiññā。 tadamina等詞。 tadamina等詞是否正確?taṃ與iminā合成tadaminā,sakiṃ與āgāmī合成sakadāgāmī,ekaṃ與idha ahaṃ合成ekamidāhaṃ,saṃvidhāya與avahāro合成saṃvidāvahāro,vārino與vāhako合成valāhako,jīvanassa與mūto合成jīmūto,chavassa與sayanaṃ合成susānaṃ,uddhaṃ與khamassa合成udukkhalaṃ,pisi與tāso合成pisāco,mahiyaṃ與ravatī合成mayūro;其他類似用法也應當這樣理解;其他詞如pisodara等應參考吠陀。 t組和v、r、n變為c組和b、y、ñ。 t組和v、r、n在y前分別變為c組和b、y、ñ;如apūccaṇḍakāyaṃ、tacchaṃ、yajjevaṃ、ajjhattaṃ、thañaññaṃ、dibbaṃ、payyesanā、pokkharañño;為什麼說"有時"?如ratyā。 組音和l、s后變為相應音。 組音和l、s后的y有時變為相應的組音和l、s;如sakkate、paccate、aṭṭate、kuppate、phallate、assate;為什麼說"有時"?如kyāhaṃ。 h的換位。 h在y前換位;如guyhaṃ。 v前任意。 h在v前任意換位;如bavhābādho或bahvābādho。 t、th、n、r變為ṭ、ṭh、ṇ、l。 t、th、n、r任意變為ṭ、ṭh、ṇ、l;如dukkaṭaṃ、aṭṭhakathā、gahaṇaṃ、paligho、palāyati;為什麼說"任意"?如dukkataṃ;為什麼說"有時"?如sugato。 複輔音首音省略。 複輔音的首音有時任意省略;如pupphaṃsā、jāyate'gini。 分配和頻率中重複。 在表示分配和頻率時,詞形重複,分配是指通過動作、性質或事物來區分不同的意義;如rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ siñcati(給每棵樹澆水)、gāmo gāmo ramaṇīyo(每個村莊都很美)、gāme gāme pānīyaṃ(每個村莊都有水)、gehe gehe issaro(每個家都有主人)、rasaṃ rasaṃ bhakkhayati(品嚐每一種味道)、kiriyaṃ kiriyam ārahate(每個行為都值得)。

Atthiyevānupubbiye』pi vīcchā, mūle thūlā, agge agge sukhumā; yadi hi ettha mūlaggabhedo na siyā ānupubbiyampi na bhaveyya, (jeṭṭhaṃ jeṭṭhamanuppavesaya) māsakaṃ māsakaṃ imamhā kahāpaṇā bhavantānaṃ dvinnaṃ dehīti- māsakaṃ māsakamiccetasmā vīcchāvagamyate saddantarato pana imamhā kahāpaṇāti avadhāraṇaṃ; pubbaṃ pubbaṃ pupphanti, paṭhamaṃ paṭhamaṃ paccantīti vīcchāva; ime ubho aḍḍhā katarā katarā esaṃ dvinnamaḍḍhatā, sabbe ime aḍḍhā katamā katamā imesaṃ aḍḍhatā, ihāpi vīcchāva; ābhikkhaññaṃ-ponopuññaṃ, pacati pacati papacati papacati, lunāhi lunāhitvevāyaṃ lunāti, bhutvā bhutvā gacchati, paṭapaṭā karoti, paṭapaṭāyati.

Syādilopo pubbassekassa-.

Vīcchāmekassa dvitte pubbassa syādilopo hoti, ekekassa, kathaṃ matthakamatthakenāti? Syādilopo pubbassāti yogavibhāgā; na cātippaṅgo yogavibhāgā iṭṭhappasiddhīti.

Sabbādīnaṃ vītihāre-.

Sabbādīnaṃ vītihāre dve bhavanti pubbassa syādilopo ca; aññamaññassa bhojakā, itarītarassa bhojakā.

Yāva bodhaṃ sambhame-.

Turitenāpāyahetupadassanaṃ sambhamo, tasmiṃ sati vattu yāvanteha saddehi so』ttho viññāyate tāvanto saddā payujjante; sappo sappo sappo, bujjhassu bujjhassu bujjhassu, bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho.

Bahulaṃ-.

Ayamadhikāro āsatthaparisamattiyā tena nātippasaṅgo iṭṭhasiddhi ca.

Iti moggallānavyākaraṇe vuttīyaṃ paṭhamo kaṇḍo.

Dvedvekānekesu nāmasmā siyoaṃyonābhisanaṃ smāhisanaṃsmiṃsu-.

Etesaṃ dve dve honti ekānekatthesu vattamānato nāmasmā; muni munayo, muniṃ munayo, muninā munīhi, munissa munīnaṃ, munismā munīhi, munissa munīnaṃ, munismiṃ munīsu, evaṃ kumārī kumāriyo, kaññā kaññāyoti; etāni satta dukāni sattavibhattiyo; vibhāgo vibhattīti katvā-ettha siamitīkārā kārā 『『kimaṃsisū『『ti. Saṃketatthā.

Kamme dutiyā-.

在順序中也有分配的用法,根部粗,頂端頂端細;如果這裡沒有根與頂端的區別,就不會有順序性,(讓長者依次進入)從這個貨幣中每一māsaka給兩位尊者——這裡從"每一māsaka"理解到分配,而"從這個貨幣中"是從其他詞義中得到的限定;如"前前開花"、"第一第一成熟"也是分配;"這兩個富人中哪個更富"、"這些富人中誰最富",這裡也是分配;頻率——反覆,如pacati反覆為papacati papacati,"割呀割呀"他就這樣割,"吃了又吃地走",發出paṭapaṭā聲,成為paṭapaṭā。 格尾在前者單數重複時省略。 在分配性重複時,前面的詞的格尾省略,如ekekassa;如何解釋matthakam matthakena?通過分離"格尾在前者"的規則;不會過度擴充套件因為規則分離產生了所需的結果。 sabba等詞在互相關係中。 sabba等詞在互相關係中重複,並且前者的格尾省略;如"互相的施與者"、"彼此的施與者"。 在急迫時重複到理解為止。 急迫是指快速指出危險的原因,在這種情況下,用多少個詞能讓聽者理解意思就用多少個詞;如"蛇!蛇!蛇!"、"醒醒!醒醒!醒醒!"、"僧團分裂了!僧團分裂了!" 廣泛地。 這個規定一直適用到論述結束,因此不會過度擴充套件且能達到預期的結果。 以上是目犍連文法復注第一章。 在雙數和單複數中,名詞後接si、yo、aṃ、yo、nā、bhi、sa、naṃ、smā、hi、sa、naṃ、smiṃ、su。 這些詞尾成對出現,用於表示單數和複數的名詞后;如muni變為munayo,muniṃ變為munayo,muninā變為munīhi,munissa變為munīnaṃ,munismā變為munīhi,munissa變為munīnaṃ,munismiṃ變為munīsu,同樣kumārī變為kumāriyo,kaññā變為kaññāyo等;這七對就是七種變格;將分類稱為變格——這裡si和aṃ中的i和ā是基於"kim在aṃ和si中"的約定。 第二格表示受事。

Karīyati kattukriyāyābhīsambandhīyatīti kammaṃ, tasmiṃ dutiyā vibhatti hoti; kaṭaṃ karoti, odanaṃ pavati, ādiccaṃ passati, odano paccatīti-odanasaddato kammatā nappatīyate, kiṃ carahi? Ākhyātato; kaṭaṃ karoti vipulaṃ dassanīyanti- attheva guṇa yuttassa kammatā; icchite』pi kammattāva dutiyā siddha; gāvuṃ payo dohati, gomantaṃ gāvaṃ yāvati, gavamavarundhati vajaṃ, māṇavakaṃ maggaṃ pucchati, gomantaṃ gāvaṃ bhikkhate, rukkhamava cināti phalāni, sissaṃ dhammaṃ brūte, sissaṃ dhammamanusāsati.

Evamanicachite』pi; ahiṃ laṅghayati, vīsaṃ bhakkheti; yanne vicchitaṃ nāpi anicchitaṃ tatthāpi dutīyā siddhā; gāmaṃ gacchanto rukkhamūlamupasappati, pathaviṃ adhisessati, gāmamadhitiṭṭhati, rukkha majjhāsateti-adhisīṭhāsānaṃ payoge』dhikaraṇe kammavacanicchā.

Vatticchāto hi kārakāni honti; taṃ yathā- valāhakā vijjotate, valāhakassa vijjotate, valāhako vijjotate, valāhake vijjotate, valāhakena vijjotateti.

Evamabhinavisassa vā, dhammamabhinivisate dhamme vā, tathā upanvajjhāvasassābhojananavutticanassa; gāmamupavasati, gāma manuvasati, pabbatamadhivasati, gharamāvasati; abhojananivuttivaca nassāti-kiṃ? Gāme upavasati-bhojananivuttiṃ karotīti attho. Tappānācāre』pi kammattāva dutiyā siddhā, nadimpivati, gāmaṃ carati; evaṃ sace maṃ nālapissatīti-ādisupi.

Vihitāva paṭiyoge dutiyā, paṭibhantu taṃ cunda bojjhaṅgāti-taṃ paṭi bojjhaṅgā bhāsantūti attho; yadā tu dhātunā yutto pati tadā tenāyogā sambandhe chaṭṭhī ca tassa nappaṭi bhātīti? Akkhe dibbati, akkhehi dibbati, akkhesu dibbatītikammakaraṇādhikaraṇavacanicchā.

Kāladdhānamaccantasaṃyoge-.

受事是被施事行為所關聯的對象,在此處用第二格;如kaṭaṃ karoti(做椅子)、odanaṃ pacati(煮飯)、ādiccaṃ passati(看太陽),在odano paccati(飯被煮)中,從odana詞不能得知受事性,那從何處得知?從動詞得知;在kaṭaṃ karoti vipulaṃ dassanīyaṃ(做大而美的椅子)中,具有性質的也是受事;即使是願望中的受事也用第二格,如gāvuṃ payo dohati(擠牛奶)、gomantaṃ gāvaṃ yāvati(驅趕有牛的牛)、gavam avarundhati vajaṃ(把牛關在牛欄中)、māṇavakaṃ maggaṃ pucchati(問學生路)、gomantaṃ gāvaṃ bhikkhate(乞求有牛的牛)、rukkham avacināti phalāni(從樹上採果子)、sissaṃ dhammaṃ brūte(對學生說法)、sissaṃ dhammam anusāsati(教導學生法)。 非願望的情況也是如此;如ahiṃ laṅghayati(跳過蛇)、vīsaṃ bhakkheti(吃毒);既不是願望也不是非願望的情況也用第二格;如gāmaṃ gacchanto rukkhamūlam upasappati(往村子去時靠近樹根)、pathaviṃ adhisessati(將睡在地上)、gāmam adhitiṭṭhati(站在村子上)、rukkham ajjhāsate(坐在樹上)——在adhi、sī、ṭhā、āsa的用法中,處所也表示為受事。 因為詞義意願而有語法格;例如:valāhakā vijjotate、valāhakassa vijjotate、valāhako vijjotate、valāhake vijjotate、valāhakena vijjotate(閃電照亮云)。 同樣對於abhinivisa或者,dhammam abhinivisate或dhamme(專注於法),以及upa、anu、adhi、ā、vasa的非飲食居住義;如gāmam upavasati(住近村子)、gāmam anuvasati(隨住村子)、pabbatam adhivasati(住在山上)、gharam āvasati(住在家中);為什麼說"非飲食居住義"?如gāme upavasati意為"進行禁食"。即使在不恰當的行為中也用第二格表示受事,如nadim pivati(喝河)、gāmaṃ carati(游村);同樣在sace maṃ nālapissati(如果他不跟我說話)等例子中也是。 在paṭi的關係中用已規定的第二格,如paṭibhantu taṃ cunda bojjhaṅgā意為"對著你,循達啊,覺支要說";但當paṭi與動詞詞根結合時,由於與之不相應,用第六格表示關係,這難道不是對它的反映嗎?如akkhe dibbati、akkhehi dibbati、akkhesu dibbati(賭骰子)中想表達受事、工具和處所。 在時間和路程的完全結合中。

Kriyāguṇadabbehi sākallena kāladdhānaṃ sambandho accantasaṃyoge, tasmiṃ viññāyamāne kālasaddehi addha saddehi ca dutiyā hoti; māsamadhīte, māsaṃ kalyāṇi. Māsaṃ guḷadhānā, kosamadhīte, kosaṃ kuṭilā nadī, kosaṃ pabbato; accantasaṃyegeti kiṃ? Māsassa dvīhamadhīte; kosasseka dese pabbato; pubbanhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā, ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā, imaṃ rattiṃ cattāro mahārājāti; evamādisu kālavācīhi accantasaṃyegattāva dutiyā siddhā, vibhattivipallāsena vā bahulaṃ vidhānā-

Phalappattiyaṃ kriyāparisamattyapavaggo tasmiṃ viññāya māne kāladdhānaṃ kriyāyāccantasaṃyoge tatiyābhimatā sāpi karaṇattāva siddhā; māsenānuvāko』dhīto, kosenānuvā ko』dhītoti; anapavaggetu asādhakatamattā karaṇattābhave dutiyāva māsamadhīto』nuvāko, na cānena gahitoti.

Kārakamajjhe ye kāladdhānavācino tato sattamīpapañcamiyo abhimatā; ajja bhutvā devadatto dvīhe bhuñjissati dvīhā bhuñjissati, atraṭṭho』yamissāso kose lakkhaṃ vijjhati, kosā lakkhaṃ vijjhatīti-tāpīha sakasakakārakavacanicchāyeva siddhā.

Gatibodhāhārasaddatthakammakahajjādīnaṃ payojje-.

Gamanatthānaṃ bodhatthānaṃ āhāratthānaṃ saddatthānamakammakānaṃ bhajjādīnañca payojje kattari dutiyā hoti, sāmatthiyā ca payojakavyāpārena kammatāvassa hotīti patīyate; gama yati māṇavakaṃ gāmaṃ, yāpayati māṇavakaṃ gāmaṃ, bodhayati māṇavakaṃ dhammaṃ, vedayati māṇavakaṃ dhammaṃ, bhojayati māṇavakamodanaṃ, āsayati māṇavakamodanaṃ, ajjhāpayati māṇavakaṃ vedaṃ pāṭhayati māṇavakaṃ vedaṃ, āsayati devadattaṃ, sāyayati deva dattaṃ, aññaṃ bhajjāpeti, aññaṃ koṭṭāpeti, añaññaṃ santharāpeti. Etesamevāti kiṃ?Pācayati odanaṃ devadattena yañaññadatto; paye ppoti kiṃ?Gacchati devadatto, yadā carahigamayati devadattaṃ yañña datto, tamaparo payojayati tadā gamayati devadattaṃ yaññadatteneti - bhavitabbaṃ gamayatissāgamanatthattā.

Harādīnaṃ vā-.

我將為您翻譯這段巴利文文獻: 動作、性質和實體完整地與時間和空間相連線形成完全結合時,當這種情況被理解時,時間詞和空間詞要用第二格;如"學習一個月"、"美麗持續一個月"。"糖果存放一個月","學習一俱盧舍","河流彎曲一俱盧舍","山延伸一俱盧舍";什麼是完全結合?"學習兩天之內的月份";"山在一俱盧舍的某處";"在上午時分穿好衣服","一時,世尊","這一夜,四大天王"等等;在這些例子中,表示時間的詞因為是完全結合,所以用第二格,或者說是由於詞形變化規則的廣泛應用。 在達到結果時,動作完成的終結,當這種情況被理解時,時間和空間與動作完全結合用第三格,這也是由於工具性而成立的;"以一個月完成了誦讀","以一俱盧舍完成了誦讀";而在沒有終結時,由於不具備完成性,在沒有工具性的情況下,就用第二格,如"學習了一個月的誦讀","他並未掌握這個"。 在語法格之間,對於表示時間和空間的詞,用第七格和第五格是合適的;"今天吃了的提婆達多兩天後將吃","兩天後將吃","站在這裡的這個弓箭手在一俱盧舍處射中目標","從一俱盧舍處射中目標" - 這些也是根據各自的語法格的意願而成立的。 關於動作、覺悟、食物、聲音等含義的及不及物動詞等的使役: 對於表示行走、理解、進食、發聲的不及物動詞和烤炸等動詞的使役形式,其動作執行者用第二格。通過理解可知這是由於使役行為而產生的受事性;如"使學生走向村莊","讓學生到達村莊","使學生覺悟法","使學生知曉法","讓學生吃飯","使學生就座食飯","教導學生吠陀","使學生誦讀吠陀","使提婆達多坐","讓提婆達多躺下","使某人烤","使某人搗碎","使某人鋪設"。為什麼只是這些?"耶若達多通過提婆達多煮飯";為什麼要說使役?"提婆達多走",當耶若達多使提婆達多走,而另一人使其行動時,就應該說"通過耶若達多使提婆達多走" - 這是因為"使走"具有行走的含義。 關於取等動詞的選擇用法:

Harādīnaṃ payojje kattari dutiyā hoti vā; hāreti hāraṃ devadattaṃ devadatteneti vā, ajjhohāreti sattuṃ devadattaṃ devadatteneti vā, kāreti devadattaṃ devadatteneti vā, dassayate janaṃ rājā janeneti vā, abhivādayate guruṃ devadattaṃ devadatteneti vā.

Na khādādīnaṃ-.

Khādādīnaṃ payojje kattari dutiyā na hoti; khādayati devadattena, ādayati devadattena, avhāpayati devadattena, saddāyati devadattena, kandayati devadattena, nāyayati devadattena.

Vahissāniyantuke-.()

Vāhayati bhāraṃ devadattena; aniyantuketi-kiṃ?Vāhayati gāraṃ balivadde.

Bhakkhissāhiṃsāyaṃ-.()

Bhakkhayati modake devadattena; ahiṃsāyanti kiṃ? Bhakkhayati balivadde sassaṃ.

Dhyādīhi yuttā-.

Dhiādīhi yuttato dutiyā hoti? Dhiratthumaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, antarā ca rājagahaṃ, antarā ca nāḷandaṃ, samādhānamantarena, mucalindamabhito saramiccādi-chaṭṭhiyāpavādo yaṃ.

Lakkhaṇitthambhutavīcchāsvabhinā-.

Lakkhaṇādisvatthesvahinā yuttamhā dutiyā hoti; rukkha mabhivijjetate vijju, sādhu devadatto mātaramabhi, rukkhaṃ rukkhamabhitiṭṭhati.

Patiparīhi bhāge ca-.

Patiparīhi yuttamhā lakkhaṇādisu bhāge vatthe dutiyā hoti; rukkhampati vijjotate vijju, sādhu devadatto mātaraṃ pati, rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ pati tiṭṭhati, yadettha maṃ pati siyā, rukkhaṃ parivijjetate vijju, sādhu devadatto mātaraṃ pari, rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ pari tiṭṭhati, yadettha maṃ pari siyā.

Anunā-.

Lakkhaṇādisvatthesvanunā yuttamhā dutiyā hoti; rukkha manuvijjotate vijju, saccakiriyamanupavassi; hetu ca lakkhaṇaṃ bhavati, sādhu devadatto mātaramanu, rukkhaṃ rukkhamanu tiṭṭhati, yadettha maṃ anusiyā.

Sahatthe-

Sahatthe』nunā yuttamhā dutiyā hoti; pabbatamanutiṭṭhati.

Hīne-

Hīnatthe』nunā yuttamhā dutiyā hoti; anusāriputtaṃ paññāvanto.

Paññavanto-ma.

Upena-.

Hinatthe upena yuttamhā dutiyā hoti; upasāriputta paññāvanto.

Sattamyādhikye-.

Ādhikyatthe upena yuttamhā sattamī hoti; upakhārayaṃ doṇo.

Sāmitte』dhinā-.

Sāmibhāvatthe』dhinā yuttamhā sattamī hoti; adhibrahmadatte pañcālā, adhipañcālesu brahmadatto.

Kattukaraṇesu tatiyā-.

這是完整的巴利文直譯: 對於"取"等動詞的使役形式,執行者可以用第二格;如"使提婆達多取"或"通過提婆達多使其取","使提婆達多吞食麥片"或"通過提婆達多使其吞食","使提婆達多做"或"通過提婆達多使其做","國王使人民看"或"通過人民使其看","使提婆達多向老師致敬"或"通過提婆達多使其致敬"。 而不用於"食"等動詞: "食"等動詞的使役形式,執行者不用第二格;"通過提婆達多使其食","通過提婆達多使其取","通過提婆達多使其呼喚","通過提婆達多使其發聲","通過提婆達多使其哭","通過提婆達多使其引導"。 運載動詞在非控制時: 通過提婆達多使其運載貨物;什麼是非控制?使牛運載貨物。 食用在非傷害時: 通過提婆達多使其食用糕點;什麼是非傷害?牛吃莊稼。 與"呸"等詞連用: 與"呸"等詞連用時用第二格;如"呸!這污穢的身體","在王舍城(現在的拉杰吉爾)和那爛陀之間","除了專注","環繞著牟真鄰池"等,這是第六格的例外。 在標誌、讚歎、區分等情況下與"abhi"連用: 在表示標誌等含義時,與"abhi"連用要用第二格;"閃電照亮著樹","提婆達多對母親很好","一棵接一棵地站立"。 與"pati"和"pari"連用時也在分配意義上: 在表示標誌等和分配的含義時,與"pati"和"pari"連用要用第二格;"閃電對著樹照耀","提婆達多對母親很好","樹對樹而立","這關於我的事","閃電環繞著樹照耀","提婆達多環繞母親很好","樹環繞樹而立","這環繞我的事"。 與"anu"連用: 在表示標誌等含義時,與"anu"連用要用第二格;"閃電隨樹照耀","隨著真實誓言而下雨";因也是一種標誌,"提婆達多隨順母親很好","樹隨樹而立","這隨我而有的事"。 在"同時"義: 表示"同時"義時,與"anu"連用要用第二格;"與山同立"。 在"低劣"義: 表示"低劣"義時,與"anu"連用要用第二格;"智慧不及舍利弗"。 與"upa"連用: 表示"低劣"義時,與"upa"連用要用第二格;"智慧不及舍利弗"。 第七格在"超過"義: 表示"超過"義時,與"upa"連用要用第七格;"一斗勝過鹹味"。 與"adhi"在"主權"義: 表示"主權"義時,與"adhi"連用要用第七格;"般遮羅在梵授統治下","梵授統治般遮羅"。 在主格和工具格中用第三格:

Kattari karaṇa cैa kārake tatiyā hoti; purisena kataṃ, asinā chindati, pakatiyābhirūpo, gottena gotamo』sumedho nāma nāmena, jātiyā sattavassikoti-bhūdhātussa sambhavā karaṇe eva tatiyā; evaṃ samena dhāvati, visamena dhāvati, dvidoṇena dhaññaṃ kiṇāti, pañcakena pasavo kiṇātīti.

Sahatthena-

Sahatthena yoge tatiyā siyā; puttena sahāgato, puttena saddhiṃ āgato? Tatiyāpi chaṭṭhīva appadhāne eva bhavati.

Lakkhaṇe-.

Lakkhaṇe vattamānato tatiyā siyā; tidaṇḍakena paribbājakamaddakkhi, akkhinā kāṇo, tena hi aṅgena aṅgino vikāro lakkhīyate.

Hetumhi-.

Takkiriyāyogge tatiyā siyā; annena vasati, vijjāya yaso.

Pañcamīṇe vā-.

Iṇe hetumhī pañcamī hoti vā;jaḷattā baddho satena vā.

Guṇe-

Parāṅgabhute hetumhi pañcamī hoti vā; jaḷattā baddho jaḷattena vā, paññāya mutto, hutvā abhāvato』niccā, saṅkhāra nirodhā viññāṇanirodho.

Chaṭṭhī hetvatthehi-.

Hetvatthavacīhi yege hetumhi chaṭhī siyayā; udarassa hetu, udarassa kāraṇā.

Sabbādito sabbā-.

Hetvatthehi yoge sabbādīhi sabbā vibhattiyo honti; ko hetu, kaṃ hetuṃ, kena hetunā, tassa hetussa, kasmā hetusmā, kassa hetussa, kasmiṃ hetusmiṃ; kiṃ kāraṇaṃ, kena kāraṇena; kiṃ nimittaṃ, kena nimittena; kiṃ payojanaṃ, kena payojaneneccevamādi –hetvatthehītveva-kena kataṃ.

Catutthi sampadāne-.

Yassa sammā padīyate tasmiṃ catutthi siyā; saṅghassa dadāti, ādhāravicakkhāyaṃ sattamīpi siyā, saṅghe dehi.

Tādatthye-.

Tassedaṃ tadatthaṃ tadatthabhāve jotanīye nāmasmā catutthī siyā; sītassa paṭighātāya, atthāya hitāya devamanussānaṃ, nālaṃ dārabharaṇāya, yūpāya dāru, pākāya vajatītvevamādi.

Kassa sāduṃ na ruccati, mā āyasmantānampi saṅghabhedo ruccattha, khamati saṅghassa, bhattamassa nacchādetīti-chaṭṭhī sambandha vacanicchāyaṃ; na cevaṃ virodho siyā sadisarūpattā evaṃ vidhesu ca sambandhassa saddikānumatattā kassa vā tvaṃ dhammaṃ rocesīti-atthamatte paṭhamā.

Evamaññāpi viññeyyā parato』pi yathāgamaṃ.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在主事和工具這兩種語法格中用第三格;如"由人做的","用劍切","天生美麗","姓氏為喬達摩","名字叫阿蘇美達","年齡七歲" - 在"有"這個動詞的生起時,只在工具義上用第三格;同樣,"平穩地跑","不平穩地跑","用兩斗購買穀物","用五件物品購買牲畜"。 與"一起"義連用: 當表示"一起"義時用第三格;"與兒子同來","與兒子一同來"。第三格和第六格只用于非主要成分。 在特徵表示時: 在表示特徵時用第三格;"看見持三杖的遊方者","一隻眼睛瞎了的",因為通過這個肢體表示有肢體者的特徵。 在因由時: 在適合該動作的因由中用第三格;"因食物而活","因知識而有名聲"。 第五格在債務時是可選的: 在表示債務的因由時,第五格是可選的;"因愚鈍而被一百(錢)束縛"。 在品質時: 在表示他者品質的因由時,第五格是可選的;"因愚鈍或由於愚鈍而被束縛","因智慧而解脫","因生起后消失而無常","因諸行滅而識滅"。 第六格與表因詞連用: 與表示因由意義的詞連用時用第六格;"爲了腹部","因為腹部"。 從"一切"等詞開始用所有格: 與表因由意義的詞連用時,從"一切"等詞開始用所有格位變化;"什麼因","何因","以何因","那因的","從何因","對何因","在何因中";"什麼原因","以何原因";"什麼緣由","以何緣由";"什麼目的","以何目的"等等 - 僅與表因由意義的詞如此 - "被何者做"。 與給予義連用用第四格: 對正確給予的對象用第四格;"給予僧團",在表示處所的分別時也可用第七格,"在僧團中給"。 在"爲了那個"義時: 當要表示"這是爲了那個"的意思時,名詞用第四格;"爲了抵禦寒冷","爲了天人的利益安樂","不足以養家","木材用於柱子","去做飯"等等。 "誰不喜歡甜食","愿尊者們也不喜歡僧團分裂","僧團同意","他不喜歡飯食" - 這些在想要表達所屬關係時用第六格;由於在這樣的情況下關係詞有相似的形式,且語法學家認可這種關係,所以不會有矛盾,"你喜歡誰的法"這樣的純粹意義上用第一格。 其他用法也應當按照傳統依次類推理解。

Rañño sataṃ dhāreti, rañño chattaṃ dhāretīti sambandhe chaṭṭhī; evaṃ rañño silāghate, rañño hanute, rañño upa tiṭṭhate, rañño sapate, devāpi tassa pihayanti tādino, tassa kujjha mahāvīra, yaditaṃ tassa pakuppeyyaṃ, dubhayati disānaṃ megho, yo mittānaṃ na dūhatī,[ ] yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati, kyāhaṃ ayyānaṃ aparajjhāmi, issayanti samaṇānaṃ titthiyā, dhammena nayamānānaṃ kā usūya, [ ] rañño bhāgyamā rajjhati, rañño bhāgyamikkhate, tena yācito ayācito vā tassa gāvo paṭisuṇāti, gāvo āsuṇāti, bhagavato paccassosuṃ, hotu patigiṇāti, hotvanugiṇāti, ārovayāmi vo, pativedayāmi vo, dhamma te desissāmi, yathā no satthā vyākareyya, alaṃ te idha vāsena, kiṃ te jaṭāhi dummedha, arahati mallo mallassāti –jīvitaṃ tiṇāyapi na maññamanoti tādatthye catutthi; tiṇena yo attho tadatthāyapīti attho;

『『Yo ca sitaca uṇhaca tiṇā bhiyyo na namaññati『『

Tiṇamiva jīvitaṃ maññamānoti-savisayāva vibhattiyo; saggāya gacchatīti-tādatthye catutthi, yo hi saggaṃ gacchati tadatthaṃ tassa gamananti–-kammavavanicchāyaṃ tu dutiyāva - saggaṃ gacchati; āyuṃ bhoto hotu, ciraṃ jīvitaṃ bhaddaṃ kalyāṇaṃ atthaṃ payojanaṃ kusalaṃ anāmayaṃ hitaṃ pathyaṃ sukhaṃ sātaṃ bhoto hotu; sādhu sammuti metassa, puttassāvikareyya guyhamatthaṃ, tassa me sakko pāturahosi, tassa pahiṇeyya, bhikkhūnaṃ dūtaṃ pāhesi, kappati samaṇānaṃ āyogo, ekassa dvinnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vā pahoti, upamaṃ te karissāmi, añjaliṃ te pagaṇhāmi, tassa phāsu, lokassattho, namo te purisājañña, sotthi tassa, alaṃ mallo mallassa, samattho mallo millassa, tassa hitaṃ tassa sukhaṃ, svāgataṃ te mahārājāti-sabbattha chaṭṭhī sambandhe.

Evaṃ vidhamaññampevaṃ viññeyayyaṃ yathāgamaṃ.

Pañcamyavadhismā-.

Padatthāvadhismā pañcamī vibhatti hoti; gāmasmā āgacchati evaṃ corasmā bhāyati, corasmā uttasati, corasmā tāyati corasmā rakkhatīti.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "為國王持有一百","為國王撐傘"這類表示關係時用第六格;同樣,"讚美國王","傷害國王","侍奉國王","向國王發誓","諸天也羨慕這樣的人","大雄啊,對他生氣","如果我對他發怒","云威脅諸方","不傷害朋友的人","傷害無害之人者","我對尊者們有何過失","外道嫉妒沙門們","對如法引導者有何嫉妒","與國王的福分相符","觀察國王的福分","無論被他請求與否都答應給他牛","聽從他的牛","他們聽從世尊","好,他同意","好,他隨順","我告訴你們","我通知你們","我將為你說法","如同我們的導師會解說","你在這裡住夠了","愚者啊,你蓄髮何用","力士配得上力士" - "連草都不重視生命"這樣的話中用第四格表示目的;意思是"對草的用處也是爲了那個目的"。 "無論寒冷炎熱,他都不把它看得比草更重要" "把生命視如草芥" - 這是帶對象的語法變化;"為天界而去"用第四格表示目的,因為"誰去天界,他的去是爲了那個目的" - 但在想要表達業處時只用第二格 - "去天界";"愿尊者長壽","愿尊者長生、吉祥、美好、有意義、有目的、善良、無病、有益、適宜、快樂、舒適";"愿他同意這個","他會向兒子揭示隱密之事","帝釋天對我顯現","他會派遣","派遣使者給比丘們","允許沙門們努力","足夠一人二人或三人用","我將為你作比喻","我向你合掌","他安適","為世間利益","禮敬你這優秀人","愿他平安","力士配得上力士","力士堪與力士匹敵","對他有益對他快樂","歡迎你大王" - 這些都在關係上用第六格。 其他類似的用法也應當按照傳統依次理解。 第五格用於離去: 從表示離去的詞義上用第五格語尾變化;"從村莊來",同樣"害怕盜賊","驚懼盜賊","保護免於盜賊","守護免於盜賊"。

Savebhāyatha dukkhassa, pamāde bhayadassivā tasanti daṇḍassāti,-chaṭṭhisattamiyo』pi honteva sambandhādhāravavanicchāyaṃ ajjhenā parājeti, paṭipakkhe parājetīti-savīsayāva vibhattiyo; sace kevaṭṭassa parajjissāmīti- chaṭṭhīpi hoti sambandhavavanicchāyaṃ, yavehi gāvo vāreti, pāpā cittaṃ nivāraye, kāke rakkhati taṇḍulāti-savisayeva pañcamī? Cittaṃ rakkhetha medhāvīti-dutiyāva dissati kammatthe; upajjhāyā antaradhāyati, upajjhāyā adhīte; kāmato jāyatī sokoti-savisayeva pañcamī; tatthemichaddhayo』pi honteva savisaye; himacantā pabhavati gaṅgā, pāṇātipātā viramassu khippaṃ, añño devadattā, bhinno devadattāti-samisayeva pañcamī; añño devadattā, bhinno devadattāti-savisayeva pañcami; evaṃ ārā so [ ] āsavakkhayā, itaro devadattā, uddhaṃ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, pubbo gāmā, pubbeva sambodhā, tato paraṃ, tato aparena samayena, tatuttarinti, sambandha vacanicchāyaṃ chaṭṭhīpi; purato gāmassa, dakkhiṇato gāmassa, upari pabbatassa, heṭṭhā pāsādassāti;pāsādamāruyha pekkhati, pāsādā pekkhati, āsane upavisitvā pekkhati āsanā pekkhatīti-avadhi vacanicchāyaṃ pañcamī; pucchanakhyānesupi; kuto bhavaṃ, pāṭaliputta smāti; tathā desakālamāne』pi; pāṭaliputtasmā rājagahaṃ satta yojanāni sattasu yojanesūti vā; evamito tiṇṇaṃ māsā namaccayenāti; kicchā laddhantī-guṇe pañcamī; kacchena me adhi gatanti hetumhi karaṇe vā tatiyā; evaṃ thokā mutto, tho kena muttoti, thokaṃ valatīti-kriyāvisesane kammani dutiyā; dūrantikatthayoge』pi savisayeva pañcamīchaṭṭhiyo siyuṃ; dūraṃgāmasmā, antikaṃ gāmasmā, dūraṃ gāmassa, antikaṃ gāmassāti-dūranti katthe hī tu sabbāva savisaye siyuṃ bādhakābhāvā; dūro gāmo, antiko gāmotvevamādi; keci panāhu asattavacanehetehi pāṭipadikatthe dutiyātatiyāpañcamīsattamiyo sattavacanehi tu sabbāva savisayeti; te panaññeheva paṭikkhittā; dūraṃ maggo, antikaṃ maggoti- kriyāvisesanaṃ bhudhātussa gamma mānattā; suddho lobhanīyehi dhammehi, parimutto dukkhasmā, vivicceva kāmehi, gambhīrato ca puthulato ca yojanaṃ, āyāmena yojanaṃ, tatoppabhuti, yato sarāmi attānantī-savisayeva vib

我來直譯這段巴利文: "你們都害怕苦","見到放逸的危險而恐懼","害怕刑杖" - 在想要表達關係和處所時也可用第六格和第七格;"在學習上勝過","在對抗中戰勝" - 這些是帶對象的語法變化;"如果我輸給漁夫" - 在想要表達關係時也用第六格;"用大麥阻止牛","讓心遠離惡","防止烏鴉(接近)稻米" - 這些是帶對象的第五格;"智者應護心" - 在業處意義上只見到第二格;"從師尊處消失","從師尊處學習";"從慾望生憂" - 這些是帶對象的第五格;在這裡帶對像時也有其他用法;"恒河發源于喜馬拉雅山","迅速遠離殺生","與提婆達多不同","異於提婆達多" - 這些是帶對象的第五格;"異於提婆達多","與提婆達多不同" - 這些是帶對象的第五格;同樣"他遠離漏盡","與提婆達多不同","從腳底向上","從頭髮向下","在村前","在正覺之前","此後","在那之後的時間","在那之上" - 在想要表達關係時也用第六格;"在村前","在村南","在山上","在宮殿下";"登上宮殿看","從宮殿看","坐在座位上看","從座位看" - 在想要表達起點時用第五格;在詢問和敘述時也是如此;"尊者從何處來","從華氏城(即巴特那)";同樣在測量空間和時間時也是如此;"從華氏城到王舍城(現在的拉杰吉爾)七由旬"或"在七由旬中";同樣"從現在起三個月后";"艱難獲得" - 在表示品質時用第五格;"被我艱難獲得" - 在表示原因或工具時用第三格;同樣"差點解脫","以微小(差距)解脫","稍微轉動" - 在動作修飾語中作為業處用第二格;在表示遠近意義的連用中也可以用帶對象的第五格和第六格;"遠離村莊","近於村莊","遠離村子","近於村子" - 但在遠近意義中,由於沒有障礙,所有格都可以帶對像使用;如"遠村","近村"等等;有些人說與非存在詞連用時,在詞幹意義上用第二格、第三格、第五格和第七格,而與存在詞連用時所有格都帶對像;但這些觀點已被其他人否定;"路遠","路近" - 這是動作修飾語,因為"有"動詞含有"去"的意思;"清凈無誘人之法","解脫于苦","遠離諸欲","深一由旬寬一由旬","長度一由旬","從那時起","自從我憶及自我以來" - 這些都是帶對象的語法變化。

hattiyo.

Apaparīhi vajjane-.

Vajjane vattamānehi apaparīhi yoge pañcamī hoti; apasālāya āyanti vāṇijā, parisālāya āyanti vāṇijā, sālaṃ vajjetvāti attho; vajjaneti kiṃ? Rukkhaṃ parivijjotate vijju, āpāṭaliputtasmā vassi devoti-mariyādābhividhimhiyeva pañcama, vinā pāṭalaputtena saha veti-viseso; evaṃ yāva pāṭaliputtasma vassi devoti.

Paṭinidhipaṭidānesu patinā-.

Paṭinidhimhi paṭidāne ca vattamānena patinā yoge nāmasmā pañcamī vibhatti hoti; buddhasmā pati sāriputto, ghatamassa telasmā pati dadāti, paṭinidhipaṭidānesūti-kiṃ? Rukkhaṃ pati vippotate.

Rite dutiyā ca-

Rite saddena yoge nāmasmā dutiyā hoti pañcamī ca rite saddhammaṃ, rite saddhammā.

Vināññatra tatiyā ca-.

Vināññatrasaddehi yoge nāmasmā tatiyā ca hoti, dutiyāpañcamiyo ca; vinā vātena, vinā vātaṃ, vinā vātasmā, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena, aññatra dhammaṃ, aññatra dhammā.

Puthanānāhi-.

Etehi yoge tatiyā hoti pañcamī ca; puthageva janena, puthageva janasmā, janena nānā, jasanmā nānā.

Sattamyādhāre-.

Kriyādhārabhutakattukammānaṃ dhāraṇena yo kriyāyādhāro tasmiṃ kārake nāmasmā sattami hoti; kaṭe nisīdati, thāliyaṃ odanaṃ pacati, ākāse sakuṇā, tilesu telaṃ, gaṅgāyaṃ vajo.

Nimitte-.

Nimittatthe sattamī hoti; ajinamhi haññate dīpi, musā vāde pācittiyaṃ.

Yabbhāvo bhāvalakkhaṇaṃ-.

Yassa bhāvo bhāvantarassa lakkhaṇaṃ bhavati tato sattamī hoti; gāvīsu duyhamānāsu gato, duddhāsu āgato; bhāvoti kiṃ? Yo jaṭāhi sa bhuñjati; bhāvalakkhaṇanti kiṃ;yo bhujate so devadatto? Akāle vassati tassa, kāle tassa na vassatīti-visayasattamī.

Chaṭṭhī cānādare-.

Yassa bhāvo bhāvantarassa lakkhaṇaṃ bhavati tato chaṭṭhī bhavati sattamī cānādare gamyāne.

『『Ākoṭayanto so neti sivirājassa pekkhato;

Maccu gacchati ādāya pekkhamāne mahājane.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在避免時與"apa"和"pari"連用: 當表示避免時,與"apa"和"pari"連用時用第五格;"商人們避開休息處而來","商人們繞過休息處而來",意思是"避開休息處";什麼是避免?"閃電環繞樹照耀","從華氏城開始下雨" - 只在表示界限和範圍時用第五格,"沒有華氏城"和"與華氏城一起"是不同的;同樣"直到華氏城都下雨"。 在替代和交換時與"pati"連用: 在表示替代和交換時,與"pati"連用的名詞用第五格變化;"舍利弗可替代佛陀","用油來替代他的酥油",什麼是替代和交換?"對著樹照耀"。 與"rite"連用用第二格和: 與詞"rite"(除了)連用時名詞用第二格和第五格;"除了正法","除了正法"。 與"vinā"和"aññatra"連用也用第三格和: 與詞"vinā"(沒有)和"aññatra"(除了)連用時,名詞用第三格,也用第二格和第五格;"沒有風","沒有風","沒有風","除了一個托缽者","除了法","除了法"。 與"puthu"和"nānā"連用: 與這些詞連用時用第三格和第五格;"與人民分開","與人民分開","與人民不同","與人民不同"。 第七格用於處所: 對於作為動作、主事和業處的支援處所的持續,在這樣的語法格中名詞用第七格;"坐在床上","在鍋中煮飯","鳥在空中","胡麻中有油","牛在恒河"。 在因緣時: 在表示因緣意義時用第七格;"因皮革而殺豹","因妄語而有波逸提"。 存在狀態是存在的標誌: 某個存在狀態是另一個存在狀態的標誌時,用第七格;"當牛正在被擠奶時他去了","當牛已被擠奶時他來了";什麼是存在狀態?"有結髮者他就吃";什麼是存在標誌?"吃的人是提婆達多";"非時對他下雨","適時對他不下雨" - 這是範圍的第七格。 第六格用於不尊重時: 某個存在狀態是另一個存在狀態的標誌時,在表示不尊重時用第六格和第七格。 "他敲打著帶走,在尸毗王注視時; 死神帶走時,在大眾觀看中。"

Gunnaṃ sāmīti-sambandhe chaṭṭhī, geṃsu sāmīti visayasattamī, evaṃ gunnamissaro gosissaro, gunnaṃ adhipati gosu adhipati, gunnaṃ dāyādo gosu dāyādo gunnaṃ sakkhi gosu sakkhi, gunnaṃ patibhu gosupatibhu, gunnaṃ pasūto gosu pasūto, kusalā naccagītassa kusalā naccagīte, āyutto kaṭakaraṇassa āyutto kaṭakaraṇe, tathādhāravacanicchāyaṃ pattamī; bhikkhusu abhivādenti, muddhani cumbitvā, bāhāsu gahetvā, hatthesu piddhāya caranti, pathesu gacchanti, kadalīsu gaje rakkhantīti; ñāṇasmiṃ pasannotivisayasattamī; ñāṇena pasannoti-karaṇe tatiyā; evaṃ ñāṇasmiṃ ussukko ñāṇena ussukkoti.

Yato niddhāraṇaṃ-.

Jātiguṇakriyāhi samudāyatekadesassa puthakkaraṇaṃ niddhāraṇaṃ yato taṃ karīyati tato chaṭṭhīsattamiyo honti; sāliyo sūkadhaññānaṃ pathyatamā sāliyo sūkadhaññesu pathya tamā,kaṇbhā gāvīnaṃ sampannakhīratamā kaṇhā gāvīsu sampanna khīratamā, gacchataṃ dhāvanto sīghatamā gacchantesu dhāvanto sīghatamā –- sīlameva sutā seyyoti-avadhimhiyeva pañcamī.

Paṭhamātthamante -.

Nāmasmābhidheyyamatte paṭhamāvibhatti hoti; rukkho, itthi, pumā napuṃsakanti-liṅgampi saddotthova, tathā doṇo, khārī āḷahakanti-parimāṇampi saddatthova, eko, dve, bahavoti-saṃkhyyāpi saddatthova.

Āmantaṇe -.

Yato saddenābhimukhīkaraṇamāmantaṇaṃ tasmiṃ visaye paṭhamā vibhatti hoti; bho purisa, bho itthi, bho napuṃsaka. Chaṭṭhī sambandhe-.

Kriyākārakasañjāto assedambhāvahetuko sambandho nāma tasmiṃ chaṭṭhīvibhatti hoti; rañño puriso, sarati rajjassāti- sambandhe kṭṭhī, rajajjasambandhiniṃ satiṃ karotīti attho; kammavacanicchāyantu dutiyāva; sarati rajjaṃ, tathā rajakassa vatthaṃ dadāti, paharatopiṭṭhiṃ dadāti pūrati bālo pāpassa,

『『Amacce tāta jānāhi dhīre atthassa kovide』』

Divasassa tijhattuṃ, sakiṃ pakkhassa, pūraṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa kumbhiṃ tvevamādi.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "牛的主人"用第六格表示關係,"在牛中的主人"用範圍的第七格,同樣"牛的統治者.牛中的統治者","牛的主宰.牛中的主宰","牛的繼承人.牛中的繼承人","牛的見證人.牛中的見證人","牛的保證人.牛中的保證人","從牛而生.在牛中生","精通歌舞.在歌舞中精通","專注于製作.在製作中專注",同樣在想要表達處所時用第七格;"向比丘們致敬","吻在頭頂","抓住手臂","以手持缽而行","在路上行走","在香蕉樹叢中保護象";"對智慧生信"是範圍的第七格;"以智慧生信"是工具的第三格;同樣"對智慧熱心.以智慧熱心"。 從其中分離: 從種類、品質、動作中將整體的一部分分離出來,這就是分離,從其所作之處用第六格和第七格;"在穀物中稻米最適宜.在穀物中稻米最適宜","在牛群中黑牛產奶最豐.在牛群中黑牛產奶最豐","在行走者中奔跑者最快.在行走者中奔跑者最快" - "戒比聞更好"只在起點義上用第五格。 在單純表示意義時用第一格: 名詞在單純表示意義時用第一格變化;"樹","女","男","中性" - 性別也只是詞的意義,同樣"斗","佉梨","阿拉哈克" - 度量也只是詞的意義,"一","二","多" - 數量也只是詞的意義。 在呼喚時: 用某個聲音使對方轉向稱為呼喚,在這種情況下用第一格變化;"噢,人啊","噢,女人啊","噢,中性啊"。 第六格用於關係: 由動作和施事產生的,以這個那個的狀態為原因的叫做關係,在此用第六格變化;"國王的人","記得統治" - 關係用第六格,意思是"對王統產生記憶";但在想要表達業處時只用第二格;"記得統治",同樣"給洗衣工衣服","打擊時給予背部","愚者充滿罪惡", "孩子啊,要認識大臣們, 明智而通曉利益的人" "一天三次","一個半月","裝滿金銀的罐子"等等。

Kitakappayoge kattukammesu bahulaṃ sambandhavacanicchāyaṃ chaṭṭhī; sādhu sammato bahujanassa, suppaṭividdhā buddhānaṃ dhammadhātu, dhammassa gutto medhāvī, amataṃ tesaṃ paribhuttaṃ, tassabhavanti vattāro, avisaṃvādako lokassa, alajjīnaṃ nissāya, catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃupādāya pasādotvevamādi; kattukamma vacanicchāyantu tatiyādutiyāyova sañcatto pitarā ahaṃ, sarasi tvaṃ evarūpiṃ vācā bhāsitā, bhagavantaṃ dassanāyatthemādi.

Tulyatthena vā tatiyā-.

Tulyatthena yoge chaṭṭhī hoti tatiyā vā; tulyo pitu, tulyo pitarā; sadiso pitu, sadiso pitarā –-iha kathaṃ tatiyayā na hoti; ajjunassa tulā natthi, kesavassupamā nacetinete lyatthā kiṃ carahi; tulyānamopammatthā.

Aato yonaṃ ṭāṭe-.

Akārantato nāmasmā yonaṃ ṭāṭe honti yathākkamaṃ ṭakārā sabbādesatthā; buddhā, buddhe, atoti-kiṃ? Kaññāyo itthiyo, vadhuyo –- idha kasmā na bhavati aggayo, avidhāna sāmatthiyā.

Nīnaṃ vā-.

Kārantato nāmasmā nīnaṃ ṭāṭe vā honti yathākka maṃ; rūpā, rūpe, rūpāni; atottheva-aṭṭhīni.

Smāsminnaṃ-.

Akārantato nāmasmā smāsminnaṃ ṭāṭe vā honti yathākkamaṃ; buddhā, buddhasmā, buddhe, buddhasmiṃ; atotveva-aggīsmā aggismiṃ.

Sassāya catutthiyā-.

Akārantato parassa sassa catutthiyā āyo hoti vā; buddhāya, buddhassa, bhiyyo tādatthyeyevāyamāyo dissate kvavi devaññattha; atotveva-isissa; catutthiyāti-kiṃ? Buddhassa mukhaṃ –- attatthanti atthasaddena samāso; sabbādito』pi smāsmiṃ sānaṃ ṭāṭñāyā honteva. Niruttikārānumatattā buddha vacane sandassanato va-tatredamudāharaṇaṃ?-

『『Asmā lokā paramhā ca ubhayā dhaṃsate naro『『tyāhaṃ mante paratthaddho; yāyeva kho panatthāya āgaccheyyātho; tamevatthaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi kareyyāthoti.

Ghapatekasmiṃ sādīnaṃ yayā-.

Ghapato nādīnamekasmiṃ yayā honti yathākkamaṃ; kaññāya, rattiyā, itthiyā, dhenuyā, vadhuyā; ekasmintikiṃ?Kaññāhi, rattīhi.

Ssā vā tetimāmūhi-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在構詞後綴連用時,對於主事和業處,在想要表達關係時多用第六格;"為眾人所善認可","諸佛對法界善通達","智者護持法","他們享受甘露","他們成為說者","不欺誑世間","依止無慚者","依四大種生凈色"等等;但在想要表達主事和業處時只用第三格和第二格,"我被父親拋棄","你記得說過這樣的話","為見世尊"等。 或與相等義連用用第三格: 與表示相等意義的詞連用時用第六格或第三格;"與父親相等","與父親相等";"似父親","似父親" - 這裡為什麼不用第三格?"沒有與阿周那相等者","沒有與黑天相似者",這些不是相等義而是什麼?是相等和相似的意思。 從以a結尾的詞"yo"變成"ṭā"和"ṭe": 從以a結尾的名詞,"yo"變位詞尾分別變成"ṭā"和"ṭe",其中"ṭa"表示完全替代;"諸佛","諸佛",為什麼說以a結尾?"諸少女","諸婦女","諸新娘" - 這裡為什麼不變成"aggayo"?因為沒有規定的能力。 "nī"的可選: 從以元音結尾的名詞,"nī"變位詞尾分別可變成"ṭā"和"ṭe";"諸色","諸色","諸色";僅從以a結尾 - "諸骨"。 "smā"和"smiṃ"的: 從以a結尾的名詞,"smā"和"smiṃ"變位詞尾分別可變成"ṭā"和"ṭe";"從佛","從佛","諸佛","在佛中";僅從以a結尾 - "從火","在火中"。 第四格的"sa": 從以a結尾的後面的"sa"在第四格中可變成"āya";"為佛","為佛",這個"āya"更多見於目的義,在其他地方很少見;僅從以a結尾 - "為仙人";為什麼說第四格?"佛的面" - "自利"與"義"字組合;從所有詞根也有"smā","smiṃ","sa"變成"ṭā","ṭe"和"āya"。因為論書作者認可,或者因為在佛語中顯示 - 這裡有個例子: "人從此世及他世,兩者都將毀滅",因此我在咒語中執著;"爲了那個義利而來","你們應善於思維那個義利"。 單數中"gha"和"pa"等變成"ya"和"yā": 從"gha"和"pa"等詞根,單數中分別變成"ya"和"yā";"少女的","夜的","女人的","母牛的","新娘的";為什麼說單數?"以諸少女","以諸夜"。 "sa"可選從"ti","ma"和"ū":

Ghapasaññehi tetimāmūhi nādīnamekasmiṃ ssā vā hoti; tassā kataṃ, tassā dīyate, tassā nissaṭaṃ, tassā pariggaho, tassā patiṭṭhitaṃ, tāya vā; evaṃ etissā, etāya, imissā, imāya, amussā, amuyā; etehīti-kiṃ? Sabbāya, nādīnaṃtveva-sā, ghapatotvevatena, ekasmiṃtveca-tāhi, amūhi.

Namhi nuka dvādanaṃ sattarasannaṃ-.

Dvādīnaṃ sattarasannaṃ saṃkhyānaṃ nuka hoti namhi vibhattimhi; dvinnaṃ, catunnaṃ, pañcannaṃ, evaṃ yāva aṭṭhārasannaṃ; ukāro uccāraṇattho, kakāro antāvayavattho, tenanamhi na dīgho.

Bahukatinnaṃ-.

Namhi bahuno katissa ca sukaka hoti? Bahunnaṃ, katinnaṃ.

Ṇṇaṃṇṇannaṃ titojjhā-.

Jhasaññā tito naṃvacanassa ṇṇaṃṇṇannaṃ honti; tiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ, jhāti-kiṃ?Tissannaṃ.

Ubhinnaṃ-.

Ubhā naṃvacanassa innaṃ hoti; ubhinnaṃ.

Suñsassa-.

Nāmasmā sassa suña hoti; buddhassa–-dvisakārapāṭhena siddhe lāghavatthamidaṃ.

Ssaṃssāssāyesvitarekaññetimānami-.

Ssamādisvitarādīnami hoti; itarissaṃ, itarissā, ekissaṃ, ekissā, aññassaṃ, aññassā, etissaṃ, etissāya, imissaṃ, imissā, imassāya; esviti-kiṃ? Itarāya, esanti-kiṃ? Sabbassaṃ, sabbassā.

Tāya vā -.

Ssamādisu tassā vā i hoti; tissaṃ, tassaṃ, tissā, tassā, tissāya, tassāya; ssaṃssāssāyesvitveva-tāya.

Tetimāto yassa ssāya-.

Tāetāimāto sassassāyo hoti vā; tassāya, tāya, etissāya, etāya, imissāya, imāya.

Ratyādīhi ṭo smino-.

Ratyādīhi smino ṭo hoti vā; ratto, rattiyaṃ, ādo, ādismiṃ.

Suhisubhasso-.

Ubhassa suhisvo hoti; ubhosu, ubhohi.

Ltupitādīnamā simhi-.

Latuppaccayantānaṃ pitādīnañcā hoti simhi; kattā pitā; pitu mātu bhātu dhītu duhitu jāmātu nattu hotu potu.

Ge a ca-.

Latupitādīnaṃ a hoti ge ā ca; bho katta, bho kattā, bho pita, bho pitā.

Ayūnaṃ vā dīgho-.

A i u iccesaṃ vā dīgho hoti ge pare tiliṅge; bho purisā, bho purisa, bho aggī, bho aggi, bho bhikkhū, bho bhikkhū.

Ghabrahmādite-.

Ghato brahmādito ca gasse vā hoti; hoti kaññe, hoti kaññā, bho brahme, bho brahma, bho katte, bho katta,bho ise, bho isi, bho sakhe, bho sakha –- sakhi sakhīti-itthiyaṃ siddhameva; ākatigaṇoyaṃ; evamaññatrāpi.

Nāmmādīhi-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從帶有"gha"和"pa"標記的"ti"、"mā"和"ū"詞根,單數中"nā"等變位詞尾可選變成"ssā";"她的所作","給她","從她出","她的所有","她的建立",或"由她";同樣"這個女的","由這個","這個女的","由這個","那個女的","由那個";為什麼說"由這些"?"一切的",但只限於"nā"等 - "她",只限於"gha"和"pa" - "由那個",只限於單數 - "由那些","由那些"。 在"na"中"dvi"到"十七"變成"nuka": 從"二"到"十七"的數詞在"na"變位詞尾中變成"nuka";"二的","四的","五的",如此直到"十八的";"u"音是爲了發音,"k"音是爲了末尾音節,因此在"na"中不長音。 "bahu"和"kati"的: 在"na"中"bahu"(多)和"kati"(幾)變成"suka"和"ka";"多的","幾的"。 從"ti"的"jha"變成"ṇṇaṃ"和"ṇṇannaṃ": 帶有"jha"標記的從"ti"的"naṃ"變位詞尾變成"ṇṇaṃ"和"ṇṇannaṃ";"三的","三的",為什麼說"jha"?"三的"。 "ubhinnaṃ": "ubha"(兩)的"naṃ"變位詞尾變成"innaṃ";"兩的"。 "sa"變成"suña": 名詞的"sa"變成"suña";"佛的" - 通過兩個"sa"的讀法,這是爲了簡便。 其他的"ekañña"、"ti"、"mā"在"ssaṃ"、"ssā"、"ssāye"中變成"i": 在"ssaṃ"等中"itara"等變成"i";"其他的","其他的","一個的","一個的","另一個的","另一個的","這個的","這個的","這個的","這個的","這個的";為什麼說"在這些中"?"由其他",為什麼說"這些"?"一切的","一切的"。 或"tāya": 在"ssaṃ"等中"tassā"可變成"i";"她的","她的","她的","她的","由她","由她";僅在"ssaṃ"、"ssā"、"ssāye"中 - "由她"。 從"tā"、"etā"、"imā"的"ya"變成"ssāya": 從"tā"、"etā"、"imā"的"sa"可變成"ssāya";"由她","由她","由這個她","由這個","由這個她","由這個"。 從"ratti"等"smin"變成"ṭo": 從"ratti"等詞"smin"可變成"ṭo";"在夜","在夜","在始","在始"。 "ubha"在"su"和"hi"中: "ubha"在"su"和"hi"中變成"so";"在兩者中","以兩者"。 "ltu"和"pitu"等在"si"中變成"ā": 以"ltu"後綴結尾的和"pitu"等詞在"si"中變成"ā";"作者","父";"父、母、兄弟、女兒、女兒、女婿、孫子、祭主、凈者"。 在"ge"中也變成"a": "ltu"和"pitu"等在"ge"中變成"a"和"ā";"噢,作者","噢,作者","噢,父親","噢,父親"。 "a"、"i"、"u"可選長音: "a"、"i"、"u"在後面有"ge"時在三性中可選變長音;"噢,人們","噢,人","噢,火","噢,火","噢,比丘們","噢,比丘"。 從"gha"和"brahma"等的"te": 從"gha"和"brahma"等詞的"ga"可選變成"e";"噢,少女","噢,少女","噢,梵天","噢,梵天","噢,作者","噢,作者","噢,仙人","噢,仙人","噢,朋友","噢,朋友" - "朋友"在陰性中已成立;這是形式類;其他地方也是如此。 從"nā"等:

Ammādīhi gassena hoti; bhoti ammā; bhoti annā, bhoti ambā.

Rasso vā-.

Ammādīnaṃ ge rasso hoti vā; bhoti amma, bhoti ammā.

Gho ssaṃssāssāyaṃtiṃsu-.

Ssamādisu gho rasso hoti; tassaṃ, tassā, tassāya, taṃ, sabhatiṃ –-esviti-kiṃ? Tāya, sahāya.

Ekavacanayosvaghonaṃ-.

Ekavacane yosuva ghaokārantavajjitānaṃ nāmānaṃ rassohoti tiliṅge; itthiṃ, itthiyā, itthiyo, vadhuṃ, vadhuyā, vadhuyo; daddhiṃ, daddhinā, daddhino, sayambhuṃ, sayamabhunā, sayamabhuvo –- aghonanti-kiṃ? Kaññāya, kaññāyo; oggahaṇamuttaratthaṃ.

Ge vā-.

Aghonaṃ ge vā rasso hoti tiliṅge?Itthi, itthi, vadhu, vadhu,daddhi, daddhī, sayambhu, sayambhu –- aghonaṃtveva-hoti kaññā, bho go.

Sismiṃ nānapuṃsakassa-.

Napuṃsakavajjitassa nāmassa sismiṃ rasso na hoti. Itthi, daddhī, vadhū, sayambhu –-sisminti-kiṃ?Itthiṃ, anapuṃsakassāti-kiṃ. Daddhi, kulaṃ.

Gossāgasihinaṃsu gāvagavā-.

Gasihinaṃ cajjitāsu vibhattisu gosaddassa gāvagavā honti; gāvo, gavo, gāvena, gavena, gāvassa, gavassa, gāvasmā, gavasmā, gāve, gave; agasihinaṃsūti-kiṃ? Bho go go tiṭṭhati, gohi, gonaṃ.

Sumhi vā-.

Gossa sumhi gāvagavā honti vā; gāvesu, gavesu, gosu.

Gavaṃ sena-.

Gossa se vā gavaṃ hoti saha sena; gavaṃ, gāvassa, gavassa.

Gunnava naṃnā-.

Naṃvacanena saha gossa gunnaṃ hoti gavañca vā; gunnaṃ, gavaṃ, gonaṃ.

Nāssā-.

Goto nāssa ā hoti vā; gāvā, gavā, gāvena, gavena.

Gāvumhi-.

Aṃvacane gossa gāvu vā hoti; gāvuṃ, gāvaṃ, gavaṃ–-gossa goṇādeso na kato saddantarattā.

Yaṃ pito-.

Pasaññīto aṃvacanassa yaṃ vā hoti; itthiyaṃ, itthiṃ–-pitoti-kiṃ?Daddhiṃ, rattiṃ.

Naṃ jhīto-.

Jhasaññīto aṃvacanassa naṃ vā hoti; daddhinaṃ, daddhiṃ–- kathaṃ? Buddhaṃ ādiccabandhunanti-yogavibhāgā; jhāti-kiṃ? Itthiṃ, ītoti -kiṃ?Aggiṃ

Yonaṃ none pume-.

Jhito yonaṃ none vā honti yathākkamaṃ pulliṅge, daddhino, daddhine, daddhī–-jhītotveva aggī; pumeti-kiṃ?Daddhīni, kulāni.

No-.

Jhito yonaṃ no vā hoti pulliṅge; daddhino tiṭṭhanti, daddhino passa, daddhī vā.

Smino ni-.

Jhito smiṃvacanassa ni hoti vā; daddhinī, daddhismiṃ, jhito tveva-aggismiṃ.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"ammā"等詞的"ga"變成"ena";"噢,母親";"噢,姐姐","噢,母親"。 或短音: "ammā"等詞在"ga"中可變成短音;"噢,母親","噢,母親"。 "gha"在"ssaṃ"、"ssā"、"ssāya"、"ṃ"、"tiṃ"中變短音: 在"ssaṃ"等中"gha"變短音;"她的","她的","由她","她","和她" - 為什麼說"在這些中"?"由她","由朋友"。 除"gha"外的詞在單數和"yo"中: 在單數和"yo"中,除了以"gha"和"o"結尾的名詞外,在三性中變短音;"女人","由女人","諸女人","新娘","由新娘","諸新娘";"酸奶","以酸奶","酸奶的","自在者","由自在者","自在者的" - 為什麼說除"gha"?"由少女","諸少女";"o"的省略是爲了後面的用途。 在"ge"中可選: 除"gha"外的詞在"ge"中在三性中可選變短音;"噢,女人","噢,女人","噢,新娘","噢,新娘","噢,酸奶","噢,酸奶","噢,自在者","噢,自在者" - 仍然除"gha" - "噢,少女","噢,牛"。 在"si"中除中性外: 除中性外的名詞在"si"中不變短音。"女人","酸奶","新娘","自在者" - 為什麼說在"si"中?"女人",為什麼說除中性?"酸奶","家"。 "go"在除"ga"、"si"、"hi"、"naṃ"外變成"gāva"和"gava": 在除"ga"、"si"、"hi"、"naṃ"外的變位詞尾中,"go"變成"gāva"和"gava";"諸牛","諸牛","以牛","以牛","牛的","牛的","從牛","從牛","在牛","在牛";為什麼說除"ga"、"si"、"hi"、"naṃ"?"噢,牛","牛站立","以諸牛","諸牛的"。 在"su"中可選: "go"在"su"中可選變成"gāva"和"gava";"在諸牛中","在諸牛中","在諸牛中"。 "gavaṃ"和"se": "go"與"se"可選變成"gavaṃ";"牛的","牛的","牛的"。 "naṃ"中變成"gunna": "go"與"naṃ"變位詞尾可選變成"gunna"和"gava";"諸牛的","諸牛的","諸牛的"。 "nā"變成"ā": 從"go"的"nā"可選變成"ā";"以牛","以牛","以牛","以牛"。 在"gāvu"中: 在"aṃ"變位詞尾中"go"可選變成"gāvu";"牛","牛","牛" - "go"不變成"goṇa"因為是另一個詞。 從"pi"變成"yaṃ": 帶"pa"標記的詞的"aṃ"變位詞尾可選變成"yaṃ";"女人","女人" - 為什麼說從"pi"?"酸奶","夜"。 從"jhī"變成"naṃ": 帶"jha"標記的詞的"aṃ"變位詞尾可選變成"naṃ";"酸奶的","酸奶" - 怎麼說?"佛陀,日種親屬"是由分離而成;為什麼說"jha"?"女人",為什麼說從"ī"?"火"。 陽性中"yo"變成"no"和"ne": 從"jhī"的"yo"在陽性中分別變成"no"和"ne";"酸奶的","酸奶的","諸酸奶" - 仍從"jhī" - "諸火";為什麼說陽性?"諸酸奶","諸家"。 "no": 從"jhī"的"yo"在陽性中可選變成"no";"諸酸奶站立","看諸酸奶",或"諸酸奶"。 "smin"變成"ni": 從"jhī"的"smiṃ"變位詞尾可選變成"ni";"在酸奶中","在酸奶中",仍從"jhī" - "在火中"。

Ambavādīhi-.

Ambuādīhi smino ni hoti vā; phalaṃ patati ambuni,』padumaṃ yathā paṃsuni ātape kataṃ』, vātveva-ambumha, paṃsumhi.

Kammādito-.

Kammādito smino ni hoti vā; kammanī, kamme; kamma camma vesma bhasma brahma atta ātuma ghamma muddha–-kammāditoti-kiṃ? Buddhe.

Nāsseno-.

Kammādito nāvavanassa eno vā hoti; kammena, kammanā, cammena, cammanā–-kammāditotveva-buddhena.

Jhalā sassa no-.

Jhalato sassa no vā hoti; aggino, aggissa, daddhino daddhissa, bhikkhuno, bhikkhussa, sayambhuno, sayambhussa–-kathaṃ?』Yo vā sisso mahāmune』ti.

Ito kvavī sassa ṭānubandheti -()

Brahmādisu pāṭhā sassa e ṭānubandho.

Nā smāssa-.

Jhalato smāssa nā hoti vā; aagginā aggismā daddhinā, daddhismā, bhikkhunā, bhikkhusmā, sayambhunā, sayambhusmā.

Lā yonaṃ vo pume-.

Lato yonaṃ vo hoti vā palliṅge; bhikkhavo, bhikkhū, sayambhuvo, sayambhu–-pumeti-kiṃ?Āyūni.

Janatvādito no ca-.

Jantvādito yonaṃ no hoti vo ca vā pulliṅge; jantuno, jantavo, jantuyo, gotrabhuno, gotrabhuvo, gotrabhaa, sahabhuno, sahabhuvo, sahabhu.

Kuto-.

Kuppaccayantato yonaṃ no vā hoti pulliṅge; viduno, vidū, viññuno, viñña, sabbaññuno, sabbañña.

Lopo』musmā-.

Amusaddato yonaṃ lopova hoti pulliṅge; amū pumetveva-amuyo,amūni; vo』pavādā』yaṃ.

Na no sassa-.

Amusmā sassa no na hoti; amussa, noti-kiṃ? Amuyā.

Yolopanisu dīgho-.

Yonaṃ lope nisuva dīgho hoti; aṭṭhi, aṭṭhīni; yolopa nisūti-kiṃ? Rattiyo.

Sunaṃhisu-.

Esu nāmassa dīgho hoti; aggīsu, aggīnaṃ, aggīhani.

Pañcādīnaṃ cuddasannama-.

Pañcādīnaṃ vaddasannaṃ sunaṃhisva hoti; pañcasu, pañcannaṃ, pañcahi, chasu, channa, chahi; evaṃ yāva aṭṭhārasā.

Yavādo ntussa-.

Yavādisu ntussa a hoti; guṇavantā, guṇavantaṃ, guṇavante, guṇavantena, iccādi–-yvādoti-kiṃ? Guṇavā tiṭṭhati. Amussā-ma.

Ntassa ca ṭa vaṃse-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"ambu"等詞: 從"ambu"等詞的"smin"可選變成"ni";"果實落在水中","如蓮花在塵土中在陽光下所制",因為說"可選" - "在水中","在塵土中"。 從"kamma"等: 從"kamma"等詞的"smin"可選變成"ni";"在業中","在業中";"業、皮、屋、灰、梵、我、自我、熱、頭" - 為什麼說從"kamma"等?"在佛中"。 "nā"變成"eno": 從"kamma"等詞的"nā"可選變成"eno";"以業","以業","以皮","以皮" - 仍從"kamma"等 - "以佛"。 從"jha"和"la"的"sa"變成"no": 從"jha"和"la"的"sa"可選變成"no";"火的","火的","酸奶的","酸奶的","比丘的","比丘的","自在者的","自在者的" - 怎麼說?"或者是大牟尼的弟子"。 從"i"的"sa"有"ṭa"後綴: 在"brahma"等詞中讀到"sa"變成"e"有"ṭa"後綴。 從"nā"和"smā": 從"jha"和"la"的"smā"可選變成"nā";"以火","從火","以酸奶","從酸奶","以比丘","從比丘","以自在者","從自在者"。 從"la"的"yo"在陽性中變成"vo": 從"la"的"yo"在陽性中可選變成"vo";"諸比丘","諸比丘","諸自在者","諸自在者" - 為什麼說陽性?"諸壽命"。 從"jantu"等也變成"no": 從"jantu"等的"yo"在陽性中變成"no"和"vo";"眾生的","諸眾生","諸眾生","種姓者的","諸種姓者","諸種姓者","共存者的","諸共存者","諸共存者"。 從"ku": 從以"ku"後綴結尾的詞的"yo"在陽性中可選變成"no";"智者的","諸智者","知者的","諸知者","一切知者的","諸一切知者"。 "amu"的省略: 從"amu"詞的"yo"在陽性中只有省略;"那些" - 仍說陽性 - "那些","那些";這是排除"vo"的規則。 "sa"不變成"no": 從"amu"的"sa"不變成"no";"那個的",為什麼說"no"?"由那個"。 在"yo"省略和"ni"中長音: 在"yo"省略和"ni"中變長音;"骨","諸骨";為什麼說在"yo"省略和"ni"中?"諸夜"。 在"su"、"naṃ"、"hi"中: 在這些中名詞變長音;"在諸火中","諸火的","以諸火"。 從"五"到"十四": 從"五"到"十四"在"su"、"naṃ"、"hi"中變"a";"在五中","五的","以五","在六中","六的","以六";如此直到"十八"。 在"ya"等中"ntu"變成"a": 在"ya"等中"ntu"變成"a";"有德者們","有德者","有德者們","以有德者",等等 - 為什麼說在"ya"等中?"有德者站立"。"amu"變成"ma"。 "nta"也在家族中變成"ṭa":

Aṃsesu ntappaccayayassa ṭa hoti vā ntussa ci;』 yaṃ yaṃ hirāja bhajati sataṃ vā yadi vā asaṃ』』 kiccāni kubbassa kareyya kiccaṃ』』himavaṃca pabbataṃ』,』sujāti manto』pi ajātimassa』 yogavibhāgenāññatrāpi』cakkhumā andhitā honti』』 vaggumudātīriyā pana bhikkhū vaṇṇavā honti.』

Yosujjhissa pume-.

Jhasaññassa issa yosu vā ṭa hoti pulliṅge;aggaso aggī–-jhaggahaṇaṃ kiṃ? Ikārantasamudāyassa ṭo mā siyātirattiyo; iggahaṇaṃ kiṃ? Daṇḍino; puveti-kiṃ; aṭṭhi.

Vevosu lussa-.

Lasaññassa ussa dvevosu ṭa hoti; bhikkhave, bhikkhavo, vevosūti-kiṃ?Cantuyo; uggahaṇaṃ kiṃ; sayambhuvo.

Yomhi vā kvavi-.

Yomhī kvaci lasaññassa vā ṭa hoti; hetayo,』nandanti taṃ kurayo dassanena ajjeva taṃ kurayo pāpayātu』 vāti-kiṃ hetuyo.

Pumālapane vevo-.

Lasaññato uto yossālapane vevo honti vā pulliṅge; bhikkhave, bhikkhavo, bhikkhū–-pumeti-kiṃ; āyūni; ālapaneti-kiṃ?Cantuyo tiṭṭhanti; lutātvevै-dhenuyo,sayambhuvo.

Smāhisminnaṃ mhābhimhi-.

Nāmasmā paresaṃ smāhisminnaṃ mhābhimhi vā honti yathā kkamaṃ; buddhamhā, buddhasmā, buddhehi, buddhamhi, buddhasmiṃ–-bahulādhikārāpavādavīsaye』pi; dasasahassimhi dhātuyā.

Suhisvasse-.

Akārantassa suhisve hoti; buddhesu, buddhehi.

Sabbādīnaṃ namhi ca-.

Akārantānaṃ sabbādīnaṃ e hoti namhi suhisuca; sabbesaṃ sabbesu, sabbehi–-sabbādīnanti-kiṃ?Buddhānaṃ; assetveva amūsaṃ.

Sabba katara katama ubhaya itara añña aññatara aññatama;

Pubbaparāparadakkhiṇuttarādharāni vavatthāyamasaññāyaṃ-().

Yatya ta eta ima amu kiṃ eka tumha amha (iccete sabbādayo )

Saṃsānaṃ-.

Sabbādito naṃvacanassa saṃsānaṃ honti; sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ.

Ghapā sassa ssā vā-.

Sabbādīnaṃ ghapato sassa ssā vā hoti; sabbassā, sabbāya, paggahaṇamuttaratthaṃ.

Smino ssaṃ-.

Sabbādīnaṃ ghapato smino ssaṃ vā hoti; sabbassaṃ, sabbāya; amussaṃ, amuyā.

Yaṃ-.

Ghapato smino yaṃ vā hoti; kaññāyaṃ, daññāya, rattiyaṃ, rattiyā, vadhuyaṃ, vadhuyā, sabbāyaṃ, sabbāya, amuyaṃ, amuyā.

Tiṃ sabhāparisāya-.

Sabhāparisāhi smino tiṃ vā hoti; sabhatiṃ, sahāya, parisatiṃ, parisāya.

Padādīhi si-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在"aṃsa"中"nta"後綴可選變成"ṭa",而"ntu"變成"ci";"無論國王親近善人或非善人","做事者應做其事","雪山山","雖是善種姓者對於無種姓者" - 通過組合規則在其他處也如此 - "有眼者成為盲者","住在美麗河岸的比丘們成為美麗的"。 在陽性"yo"中"jhi"的: 帶"jha"標記的"i"在"yo"中可選變成"ṭa"在陽性中;"諸火","諸火" - 為什麼說"jha"?爲了防止以"i"結尾的詞組變成"ṭa" - "諸夜";為什麼說"i"?"持杖者";為什麼說陽性?"骨"。 在"ve"和"vo"中"lu"的: 帶"la"標記的"u"在兩個"vo"中變成"ṭa";"諸比丘","諸比丘" - 為什麼說在"ve"和"vo"中?"諸人";為什麼說"u"?"諸自在者"。 在"yo"中有時: 在"yo"中帶"la"標記的有時可選變成"ṭa";"諸因","俱盧人們以見他而歡喜,今日愿俱盧人們引導他" - 為什麼說可選?"諸因"。 陽性呼格中變成"ve"和"vo": 從帶"la"標記的"u","yo"在呼格中可選變成"ve"和"vo"在陽性中;"諸比丘","諸比丘","諸比丘" - 為什麼說陽性?"諸壽命";為什麼說呼格?"諸人站立";仍說從"lu" - "諸母牛","諸自在者"。 "smā"、"hi"、"smin"變成"mhā"、"bhi"、"mhi": 在名詞後面的"smā"、"hi"、"smin"可選分別變成"mhā"、"bhi"、"mhi";"從佛","從佛","以諸佛","在佛中","在佛中" - 因為多義性,在例外範圍內也如此;"在一萬界中"。 在"su"和"hi"中變"e": 以"a"結尾的詞在"su"和"hi"中變成"e";"在諸佛中","以諸佛"。 "sabba"等在"naṃ"中也: 以"a"結尾的"sabba"等詞在"naṃ"、"su"和"hi"中變成"e";"一切的","在一切中","以一切" - 為什麼說"sabba"等?"諸佛的";仍說變"e" - "那些的"。 sabba(一切)、katara(哪個)、katama(哪個)、ubhaya(兩者)、itara(其他)、añña(另一)、aññatara(任一)、aññatama(任一); pubba(前)、para(后)、apara(其他)、dakkhiṇa(右)、uttara(上)、adhara(下)用於確定位置而非專有名詞。 ya(哪個)、tya(那個)、ta(那個)、eta(這個)、ima(這個)、amu(那個)、kiṃ(什麼)、eka(一)、tumha(你)、amha(我)(這些是"sabba"等詞)。 "saṃ"和"sānaṃ": 從"sabba"等詞的"naṃ"變位詞尾變成"saṃ"和"sānaṃ";"一切的","一切的"。 從"gha"和"pa"的"sa"可選變成"ssā": 從"sabba"等的"gha"和"pa"詞,"sa"可選變成"ssā";"一切的","一切的","pa"的省略是爲了後面的用途。 "smin"變成"ssaṃ": 從"sabba"等的"gha"和"pa"詞,"smin"可選變成"ssaṃ";"一切的","一切的";"那個的","那個的"。 "yaṃ": 從"gha"和"pa"詞,"smin"可選變成"yaṃ";"在少女中","少女的","在夜中","夜的","在新娘中","新娘的","在一切中","一切的","在那個中","那個的"。 "sabhā"和"parisā"的"tiṃ": 從"sabhā"和"parisā","smin"可選變成"tiṃ";"在集會中","集會的","在眾會中","眾會的"。 從"pada"等的"si":

Ehi smino si hoti vā, padasi, padasmiṃ, bilasi, bilasmiṃ.

Nāssa sā-.

Padādīhi nāssa sā hoti vā; padasā, padena, bilasā, bilena.

Kodhādīhi-.

Ehi nāssa sā hoti vā; kodhasā, kodhena, atthasā, atthena.

Atena-.

Akārantato parassa nāvavanassa enādeso hoti; buddhena; atoti-kiṃ?Agginā.

Sisso-.

Akārantato nāmasmā sissa o hoti; buddho; ato tveva-aggi.

Kvace vā-.

Akārantato nāmasmā sissa e hoti vā kvaci;』vanappa gumbe yathā phussitagge』 apavādavisaye』pi bahulaṃ vidhānā, sukhe, dukkhe–-vāti-kiṃ? Vanappagumbo; kvacīti-kiṃ? Pakkhe sabbattha mā hotu.

Aṃ napuṃsake-.

Akārantato nāmasmā sassa aṃ hoti napuṃsakaliṅge rūpaṃ.

Yonaṃ ni-.

Akārantato nāmasmā yonaṃ ni hoti napuṃsake; sabbāni, rūpāni –-niccavidhāne phalamekaccādisabbādanaṃ paṭhamāya.

Jhalā vā-.

Jhalato yonaṃ ni hoti vā napuṃsake; aṭṭhini, aṭṭhī, āyūni, āyū.

Lopo-.

Jhalato yonaṃ lopo hoti; aṭṭhī, āyū, aggī, bhikkhū, jhalātveva-aggayo; pageva kasmā na hoti; antaraṅgattā ākarassa.

Jantutvīghepehi vā-.

Jantuhetūhi īkārantehi ghapasaññohiva paresaṃ yonaṃ vā lopo hoti; jantu jantuyo, hetu hetuyo, daddhī daddhīyo, kaññā kaññāyo, rattī rattiyo, itthī itthiyo, deṇū deṇuyā, vैdhū vadhuyo.

Yepassivaṇṇassa-.

Pasaññassa ivaṇṇassa lopo hoti vā yakāre; ratyo ratyā ratyaṃ, pokkharañño pokkharañññā pokkharaññaṃ–-vātveva-rattiyo; passāti-kiṃ?Daddhiyo; ivaṇṇassāti-kiṃ? Dhenuyo vadhuyā; kैthaṃ; anuññāto ahaṃ matyāti?』 Ye passā』ti-yogavibhāgā.

Gasīnaṃ-.

Nāmasmā gasīnaṃ lopo hoti vijjhantarābhāve; bho purisa, ayaṃ daddhī.

Asaṃkhyehi sabbāsaṃ-.

Avijjamānasaṅkhyehi parāsaṃ sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ lopohoti;va vā evaevaṃ. Etasmāyeva liṅgā [ ] asaṅkhyehi syāthuppattyanumīyate.

Ekatthatāyaṃ-.

Ekatthībhāve sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ lopo hoti bahulaṃ; puttīyati, rājapuriso, vāsiṭṭho–- kvavi na hoti bahulaṃ vidhānā; parantapo. Bhagandaro, parassapadaṃ, attanopadaṃ, gavampati, devānampiyatisso, antevāsī, janesuto, mamattaṃ, māmako.

Pubbasmāmādito-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從這些詞的"smin"可選變成"si";"在足跡中","在足跡中","在洞中","在洞中"。 "nā"變成"sā": 從"pada"等詞的"nā"可選變成"sā";"以足","以足","以洞","以洞"。 從"kodha"等: 從這些詞的"nā"可選變成"sā";"以忿怒","以忿怒","以義","以義"。 "a"后的: 從以"a"結尾的詞後面的"nā"變位詞尾變成"ena";"以佛" - 為什麼說從"a"?"以火"。 "si"變成"o": 從以"a"結尾的名詞,"si"變成"o";"佛" - 仍說從"a" - "火"。 有時可選變成"e": 從以"a"結尾的名詞,"si"有時可選變成"e";"如林中灌木的花端" - 在例外範圍內也因多方位規定;"在樂中","在苦中" - 為什麼說可選?"林中灌木";為什麼說有時?以防在"翼"等詞中到處都變。 中性中變成"aṃ": 從以"a"結尾的名詞,"sa"在中性中變成"aṃ";"色"。 "yo"變成"ni": 從以"a"結尾的名詞,"yo"在中性中變成"ni";"一切","諸色" - 在常規規定中,"果"等詞在第一格中的效果。 從"jha"可選: 從"jha","yo"在中性中可選變成"ni";"諸骨","諸骨","諸壽","諸壽"。 省略: 從"jha","yo"省略;"諸骨","諸壽","諸火","諸比丘" - 仍說從"jha" - "諸火";為什麼不先省略?因為"ā"音是內在的。 從"jantu"、"hetu"和以"ī"結尾及"gha"和"pa"可選: 從"jantu"、"hetu"和以"ī"結尾的詞及帶"gha"和"pa"標記的詞,後面的"yo"可選省略;"眾生.諸眾生","因.諸因","酸奶.諸酸奶","少女.諸少女","夜.諸夜","女.諸女","母牛.諸母牛","新娘.諸新娘"。 在"ya"中"pa"的"i"音: 帶"pa"標記的"i"音在"ya"中可選省略;"夜","夜","夜","蓮池","蓮池","蓮池" - 因為說可選 - "諸夜";為什麼說"pa"?"諸酸奶";為什麼說"i"音?"諸母牛","諸新娘";怎麼說?"我被智慧允許"?通過分離"在ya中pa"而成。 "ga"和"si"的: 名詞的"ga"和"si"在中間無差別時省略;"噢,人啊","這酸奶"。 從無數詞的所有: 從不存在的數詞後面所有變位詞尾都省略;"或","或","如是","如是"。從這同一語言現象,推知無數詞的"si"等的產生。 在同義時: 在意義相同時,所有變位詞尾多數省略;"視如子","國王的人","婆私吒" - 有時因多方位規定不省略;"敵人的破壞者","痔瘡","為他語","為己語","牛主","天愛帝須","弟子","人子","我執","我的"。 從前面的"mā"等:;

Amādekatthā pubbaṃ yadekatthaṃ tato parāsaṃ sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ lopo hoti; adhitthī–-idha na hoti bahulaṃ vidhānā, yathāpattiyā, yayathāparisāya; pubbasmāti-kiṃ?Gāmaṃ gato.

Nātomapañcamiyā-.

Amādekatthā pubbaṃ yadekatthamakārantaṃ tato parāsaṃ sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ lopo na hoti astu bhavatyapañcamyā; upakumbhaṃ, apañcamiyāti-kiṃ? Upakumbhā ānaya.

Vā taniyāsattaminaṃ-

Amādekatthā pubbaṃ yadekatthamakārantaṃ tato parāsaṃ tatiyāsattaminaṃ vā aṃ hoti; upakumbhena kataṃ, upakumbhaṃ kataṃ, upakumbhe nidhehi, upakumbhaṃ nidhehi.

Rājassi nāmhi-.

Nāmhi rājassi vā hoti; sabbadattena rājinā; vātve varaññā.

Sunaṃhisū-.

Rājassa ū hoti vā sunaṃhisu; rājūsu rājesu, rājūnaṃ raññaṃ, rājūbhi rājebhi.

Imassānitthiyaṃ ṭe-.

Imasaddassānitthiyaṃ ṭe hoti vā sunaṃhisu; esu imesu, esaṃ imesaṃ, ehi imehi–-anitthiyanti-kiṃ? Imāsu, imāyaṃ, imāhi.

Nāmbhanimi-.

Imasaddassānitthiyaṃ nāmhi anैmi iccādesā honti; anena, iminā; anitthiyaṃtveva-imāya.

Sīmbhanapuṃsakassāyaṃ-.

Imasaddassānapuṃsakassa ayaṃ hoti simhi; ayaṃ puriso, ayaṃ itthī; anapuṃsakassāti-kiṃ?Imaṃ.

Tyatetānaṃ tassa so-

Tyatetānamanapuṃsakānaṃ tassa so hoti simhi; syo puriso, syā itthi; evaṃ so, sā, eso, esā –-anapuṃsaka ssetvैva-tyaṃ, taṃ, etaṃ.

Massāmussa-.

Anapuṃsakassāmussa makārassa so hoti simhi; asu puriso, asu itthi.

Ke vā-.

Amussa massa ke vā so hoti; asuko amuko, asukā amukā, asukaṃ amukaṃ, asukāni amukāni.

Tatassa no sabbāsu-.

Tasaddassa tassa no vā hoti sabbāsuvibhattīsu; ne, te, nāyo, tāyo, naṃ, taṃ, nāni, tāni iccādi.

Ṭa sasmāsmiṃssāyayassaṃssāsaṃmbhāmhisavimassa ca-.

Sādisvimassa tatassa ca ṭo vā hoti; assैmassa, asmā, imasmā, asmiṃ imasmiṃ,assāya imissāya, assaṃ imassaṃ, assā imissā, āsaṃ imāsaṃ, amhā imamhā, amhi imamhi; assa tassa, asmā tasmā, asmiṃ tasmiṃ, assāya tassāya, assaṃ tassaṃ, assā tassā, āsaṃ tāsaṃ, amhā tamhā, amhi tamhi. Ssāyādiggahaṇa mādesantare mā hotutī.

Ṭā sissisismā-.

Isismā sissa ṭe vā hoti;』 yonajja vinaye kaṅkhaṃ atthadhammavidū ise』 vātveva-isi.

Dutiyassa yossa-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從前面同義的"amā"等,後面所有變位詞尾都省略;"上女" - 這裡因多方位規定有時不省略,如"依理","依眾會";為什麼說從前面?"去村莊"。 不從以"a"結尾的非第五格: 從前面同義的"amā"等,後面同義的以"a"結尾的詞,所有變位詞尾不省略,除了第五格外都存在;"近瓶",為什麼說非第五格?"從近瓶帶來"。 第三格和第七格可選: 從前面同義的"amā"等,後面同義的以"a"結尾的詞,其第三格和第七格可選變成"aṃ";"以近瓶所作","近瓶所作","放在近瓶中","放在近瓶中"。 "rāja"在"nā"中: 在"nā"中"rāja"可選變化;"以薩婆達多王";因說可選 - "以王"。 在"su"、"naṃ"、"hi"中: "rāja"在"su"、"naṃ"、"hi"中可選變成"ū";"在諸王中.在諸王中","諸王的.諸王的","以諸王.以諸王"。 非陰性"ima"在"ṭe"中: 非陰性的"ima"(這個)在"su"、"naṃ"、"hi"中可選變成"ṭe";"在這些中.在這些中","這些的.這些的","以這些.以這些" - 為什麼說非陰性?"在這些中","在這個中","以這些"。 "nā"中變成"imi": 非陰性的"ima"在"nā"中變成"anena"和"iminā";"以這個","以這個";仍說非陰性 - "以這個"。 非中性"si"中變成"ayaṃ": 非中性的"ima"在"si"中變成"ayaṃ";"這個人","這個女人";為什麼說非中性?"這個"。 "tya"、"ta"、"eta"的"ta"變成"so": 非中性的"tya"、"ta"、"eta"的"ta"在"si"中變成"so";"那個人","那個女人";同樣"那個","那個","這個","這個" - 仍說非中性 - "那個","那個","這個"。 "amu"的"ma": 非中性"amu"的"ma"在"si"中變成"so";"那個人","那個女人"。 或"ke": "amu"的"ma"可選變成"ke"和"so";"某個.某個","某個.某個","某個.某個","某些.某些"。 "ta"的"ta"在所有中變成"no": "ta"詞的"ta"在所有變位詞尾中可選變成"no";"這些","這些","這些","這些","這個","這個","這些","這些"等。 "sa"、"smā"、"smiṃ"、"ssāya"、"ssaṃ"、"ssā"、"saṃ"、"mbhā"、"mhi"中"ima"和"ta"變成"ṭa": 在"sā"等中"ima"和"ta"可選變成"ṭa";"這個的.這個的","從這個.從這個","在這個中.在這個中","由這個.由這個","在這個中.在這個中","這個的.這個的","這些的.這些的","從這個.從這個","在這個中.在這個中";"那個的.那個的","從那個.從那個","在那個中.在那個中","由那個.由那個","在那個中.在那個中","那個的.那個的","那些的.那些的","從那個.從那個","在那個中.在那個中"。取"ssāya"等是爲了防止在其他替換中產生。 從"isi"的"si"變成"ṭe": 從"isi"的"si"可選變成"ṭe";"噢智慧法義通達的仙人,今除疑惑于律" - 因說可選 - "仙人"。 第二的"yo"的:

Isismā parassa duyāyossa ṭe vā hoti;』 samaṇe brāhmaṇe vande sampannacaraṇe ise』 vātveva-isayo passa; dutiyassāti-kiṃ?Isayo tiṭṭhanti.

Ekaccādigato-.

Akārantehi ekaccādīhi yonaṃ ṭe hoti; ekacce tiṭṭhanti, ekacce passa–-atoti-kiṃ? Ekaccāyo; evaṃ esasa paṭhama.

Na nissa ṭā-.

Ekaccādīhi parassa nissa ṭā na hoti; ekaccāni.

Sabbādīhi parassa nissa ṭā na hoti; sabbāni.

Yeyānameṭa-.

Akārantehi sabbādīhi yonameṭa hoti; sabbe tiṭṭhanti sabbe passa; atotveva-sabbāyo.

Nāññañca nāmappadhānā-.

Nāmabhutehi appadhānehi ca sabbādīhi yaṃ vuttaṃ yaṃ caññaṃ sabbādikāriyantaṃ na hoti; te sabbā, te piyasabbā, te ati sabbā.

Tatiyatthayoge-.

Tatiyatthena yoge sabbādīhi yaṃ vuttaṃ yaṃ caññaṃ sabbādi kāriyantaṃ na hoti; māsenapubbānaṃ māsapubbānaṃ.

Catthasamāse-.

Catthasamāsavisaye sabbādīhi yaṃ vuttaṃ yaṃ caññaṃ sabbādi kāriyantaṃ na hoti; dakkhiṇuttarapubbānaṃ–-samāseti-kiṃ?Amusañca tesañca dehi.

Veṭa-.

Catthasamāsavisaye sabbādīhi yasseṭa vutto tassa vā hoti; pubbuttare, pubbuttarā.

Pubbādīhi jahi-

Etehi pubbādīhi chahi savisaye eṭa vā hoti?Pubbe pubbā, pare parā, apare aparā,dakkhiṇe dakkhiṇā, uttare uttarā, adhare adharā–-chahīti-kiṃ?Ye.[ ]

Manādīhi smiṃsaṃnāsmānaṃ sisoosāsā-.

Manādīhi samīmādīnaṃ sisoosāsā vā honti yathākkaṃ; manasi manasmiṃ, manaso manassa, mano manaṃ, manasā manena, manasā manasmā–-kathaṃ? Putto jāto avetaso, hitvā yāti sumedhaso; suddhuttaravāsasā, hemakapakpaṇavāsaseti-sakatthe ṇantā.

Mana tama tapa teja sira ura vaca oja raja yasa paya

Saravayayāyavāsacetā jalāsayākkhayalohapaṭamanesu-().

Sato sabbhe-.

Santasaddassa saba bhavati bhakāre; sabbhi.

Bhavato vā honto gayonāse-.

Bhavantasaddassa bhontādeso vā hoti gayonāse; bhonta, bhavaṃ, bhonto, bhavanto, bhotā, bhavatā, bhoto, bhavato–-bho iti-āmantaṇe nipāto』kutonu āgacchatha bho tayo janā』evaṃ bhanteti-bhaddeti-saddantarena siddhaṃ;bhaddanta iti-dassa dvibhāvena.

Sissāggito ni-.

Aggismā sissa ni hoti vā; agginī,aggi.

Ntassaṃ-.

Simhi ntappaccayassa aṃ hoti vā; gacchaṃ, gacchanto.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"isi"後面的第二"yo"可選變成"ṭe";"我禮敬具足行跡的沙門婆羅門仙人" - 因說可選 - "看諸仙人";為什麼說第二?"諸仙人站立"。 從以"ekacca"等開始的"a"結尾: 從以"a"結尾的"ekacca"等詞,"yo"變成"ṭe";"某些人站立","看某些人" - 為什麼說從"a"?"某些";同樣這是第一。 "ni"不變成"ṭa": 從"ekacca"等後面的"ni"不變成"ṭā";"某些"。 從"sabba"等後面的"ni"不變成"ṭā";"一切"。 "yo"變成"e"和"ṭa": 從以"a"結尾的"sabba"等詞,"yo"變成"e"和"ṭa";"一切站立","看一切" - 仍說從"a" - "一切"。 不是名詞和非主要的: 從作為名詞和非主要的"sabba"等詞,所說的和其他"sabba"等的變化不發生;"那些一切","那些可愛的一切","那些極一切"。 與第三格義相關: 與第三格義相關時,從"sabba"等詞,所說的和其他"sabba"等的變化不發生;"以月前的.以月前的"。 在"ca"義複合詞中: 在"ca"義複合詞範圍內,從"sabba"等詞,所說的和其他"sabba"等的變化不發生;"南北前的" - 為什麼說複合詞?"給那個和這些"。 "ve"和"ṭa": 在"ca"義複合詞範圍內,從"sabba"等詞,所說"e"和"ṭa"可選發生;"前北","前北"。 從"pubba"等變成"ja"和"hi": 從這六個"pubba"等詞在其範圍內可選變成"e"和"ṭa";"在前.在前","在後.在後","在其他.在其他","在南.在南","在北.在北","在下.在下" - 為什麼說六個?"哪些"。 從"mana"等的"smiṃ"、"saṃ"、"nā"、"smā"變成"si"、"so"、"o"、"sā"、"sā": 從"mana"等詞,"smiṃ"等分別可選變成"si"等;"在意中.在意中","意的.意的","意.意","以意.以意","從意.從意" - 怎麼說?"生子無意","舍離智者前去";"以凈上衣","以黃金花鼓形衣" - 在自義中以"ṇa"結尾。 mana(意)、tama(暗)、tapa(熱)、teja(火)、sira(頭)、ura(胸)、vaca(語)、oja(精)、raja(塵)、yasa(名)、paya(水) sara(聲)、vaya(年)、yāya(行)、vāsa(住)、ceta(心)、jala(水)、saya(臥)、akkha(眼)、ya(去)、loha(銅)、paṭa(布)、mana(意) "santa"在"bha"中: "santa"詞在"bha"音前變成"sa";"與善人"。 "bhavanta"在"ga"、"yo"、"nā"、"sa"中可選變成"honta": "bhavanta"詞在"ga"、"yo"、"nā"、"sa"中可選變成"bhonta";"尊者","尊者","諸尊者","諸尊者","以尊者","以尊者","尊者的","尊者的" - "bho"是呼格不變詞"你們三人從何處來,尊者們",同樣"bhante"由別詞"bhadda"而成;"bhaddanta"由"da"重複而成。 從"aggi"的"si"變成"ni": 從"aggi"的"si"可選變成"ni";"火","火"。 "nta"變成"aṃ": 在"si"中"nta"後綴可選變成"aṃ";"去","去"。

Bhuto-.

Bhudhātuto ntassa aṃ hoti simhi niccaṃ punabbidhānā; bhavaṃ.

Mahantarahattānaṃ ṭā vā-.

Simhi mahantārahantānaṃ ntassa ṭā vā hoti; mahā, mahaṃ, arahā, arahaṃ.

Ntussa-.

Simhi ntussaṭā hoti; guṇavā.

Aṃṅaṃ napuṃsake-.

Ntussa aṃṅaṃ honti simhi napuṃsake; guṇavaṃ kulaṃ, guṇañca ntaṃ kulaṃ–-napuṃsaketi kiṃ? Sīlavā bhikkhu.

Himavato vā o-.

Himavato simhi ntussa o vā hoti; himavanto, himavā.

Rājādiyuvāditvā -.

Rājādīhi yayuvādīhi ca sissa ā hoti; rājā, yayuvā–-rāja brahma sakha atta ātuma.

Dhammo vāññatthe-().

Daḷhadhammā; (daḷhadhammo) asmā.

Imo bhāve-().

Aṇimā, laghimā–-yuva sā suvā maghava puma vattaha.

Vāmbhānaddha -.

Rājādīnaṃ yuvādīnaṃ cānaṅi hoti vāmhi; [ ] rājānaṃ, rājaṃ, yuvānaṃ, yuvaṃ.

Yonamāno-.

Rājādīhi yuvādīhi ca yonamāno vā hoti; rājāno, yuvāno–-vātveva-rājā,rāje, yuvā, yuve.

Āyo no ca sakhā-.

Sakhato yonamāyono honti vā āno ca; sakhāyo, sakhino, sakhāno?Vātveva-sakhā, sakhe.

Ṭe smino-.

Sakhato smino ṭe hoti; sakhe niccattho』yamārambho.

Nonāsesvi-.

Sakhassa i hoti nonāsesu; sakhino, sakhinā, sakhissa.

Smānaṃsu vā-.

Sakhassa vā i hotī smānaṃsu; sakhismā, sakhasmā, sakhīnaṃ, sakhānaṃ.

Yosvaṃhisu cāraṅi-.

Sakhassa vā āraṅi hoti yosvaṃhisusmānaṃsu ca; sakhāro sakhāyo, sakhāresu, sakhesu,sakhāraṃ, sakhaṃ, sakhārehi, sakhehi, sakhārā, sakhārasmā, sakhārānaṃ, sakhānaṃ.

Latupitādinamase-.

Latuppaccayantānaṃ pitādīnaṃ cāraṅi bhoti sato』ññatra; kattāro, pitaro, kattāraṃ, pitaraṃ, kattārā, pitarā, kattari, pitari–-aseti-kiṃ?Kattuno, pituno.

Namhi vā-.

Namhi latupitādīnamāraṅi vā hoti; kattārānaṃ, kattunaṃ, pitarānaṃ, pitunnaṃ.

Ā-1

.

Namhi latupitādīnamā vā hoti; kattānaṃ, kattūnaṃ, pitānaṃ, pitunnaṃ.

Salopo-.

Latupitādīhi sassa lopo vā hoti; kattu, kattuno, sakamandhātu, sakamandhātuno, pitu, pituno.

Suhisvāraṅi-.

Suhisu latupitādīnamaraṅi vā hoti; kattāresu, kattusu, pitaresu, pitusu, kattārehi, kattuhi, pitarehi, pituhi.

Najjāyosvāma-.

Yosu nadīsaddassa āmi vā hoti; najjāyo, nadiyo.

Ṭi katimhā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "bhu"的: 從"bhu"語根,"nta"在"si"中必定變成"aṃ"因再次規定;"存在"。 "mahanta"和"arahanta"的"ṭā"可選: 在"si"中,"mahanta"和"arahanta"的"nta"可選變成"ṭā";"大","大","阿羅漢","阿羅漢"。 "ntu"的: 在"si"中"ntu"變成"ṭā";"有德者"。 中性中變成"aṃ"和"ṅaṃ": "ntu"在"si"中在中性中變成"aṃ"和"ṅaṃ";"有德之家","有德之家" - 為什麼說中性?"有戒比丘"。 "himavanta"可選變成"o": "himavanta"在"si"中"ntu"可選變成"o";"雪山","雪山"。 從"rāja"等和"yuva"等變成"ā": 從"rāja"等和"yuva"等詞,"si"變成"ā";"王","青年" - "王、梵、友、我、自我"。 "dhamma"在其他義中: "堅法的";"從堅法"。 "ima"在性質中: "微細性","輕性" - "青年、睡眠者、善眠者、天王(因陀羅)、男人、言說者"。 在"vāmha"中"anaṅa": "rāja"等和"yuva"等詞在"vāmha"中有"anaṅa";"王","王","青年","青年"。 "yo"變成"āno": 從"rāja"等和"yuva"等詞,"yo"可選變成"āno";"諸王","諸青年" - 因說可選 - "王","諸王","青年","諸青年"。 "sakha"的"āyo"和"no"以及"āno": 從"sakha","yo"可選變成"āyo"和"no"以及"āno";"諸友","諸友","諸友" - 因說可選 - "友","友"。 "smin"變成"ṭe": 從"sakha","smin"變成"ṭe";"在友中" - 這是必定的規定。 在"no"、"nā"、"sa"中變成"i": "sakha"在"no"、"nā"、"sa"中變成"i";"友的","以友","友的"。 在"smā"和"naṃ"中可選: "sakha"在"smā"和"naṃ"中可選變成"i";"從友","從友","諸友的","諸友的"。 在"yo"、"su"、"aṃhi"中"āraṅi": "sakha"在"yo"、"su"、"aṃhi"中及"smā"、"naṃ"中可選變成"āraṅi";"諸友.諸友","在諸友中.在諸友中","友.友","以諸友.以諸友","從友","從友","諸友的","諸友的"。 以"latu"結尾和"pitu"等在除"sa"外: 以"latu"後綴結尾和"pitu"等詞在除"sa"外變成"āraṅi";"作者們","父親們","作者","父親","以作者","以父親","在作者中","在父親中" - 為什麼說除"sa"?"作者的","父親的"。 在"naṃ"中可選: 在"naṃ"中以"latu"結尾和"pitu"等詞可選變成"āraṅi";"作者們的","作者的","父親們的","父親們的"。 "ā": 在"naṃ"中以"latu"結尾和"pitu"等詞可選變成"ā";"作者們的","作者們的","父親們的","父親們的"。 "sa"省略: 從以"latu"結尾和"pitu"等詞,"sa"可選省略;"作者","作者的","善意主","善意主的","父親","父親的"。 在"su"和"hi"中"āraṅi": 在"su"和"hi"中以"latu"結尾和"pitu"等詞可選變成"āraṅi";"在作者們中","在作者中","在父親們中","在父親中","以作者們","以作者","以父親們","以父親"。 "nadī"在"yo"中變成"āma": "nadī"詞在"yo"中可選變成"āmi";"諸河","諸河"。 從"kati"變成"ṭi":

Katimhā yonaṃ ṭi hoti; kati tiṭṭhanti, kati passa.

Ṭa pañcādihi cuddasahi-.

Pañcādīhi cuddasahi saṃkhyāhi yonaṃ ṭo hoti; pañca pañca, evaṃ yāva aṭṭhārasā–-pañcādīhīki-kiṃ? Dve tayo cattāro; cuddasabhīti-kiṃ? Dvevīsatiyo.

Ubhagohi ṭo-.

Ubhagohi yonaṃ ṭo hoti; ubho, ubho, gāvo, gāvo–-kathaṃ? Imekarattiṃ ubhayo vasāmāti- ṭomhi yakārāgamo.

Āraṅismā-.

Āraṅādesato paresaṃ yonaṃ ṭo hoti; sakhāro, kattāro, pataro.

Ṭoṭe vā-.

Āraṅādesamhā yonaṃ ṭoṭe vā honti yathākkamaṃ; sakhāro, sakhāre, sakhāro–-ṭoggahaṇaṃ lāghavatthaṃ.

Ṭā nāsmānaṃ-.

Āraṅādesamhā nāsmānaṃ ṭā hoti; kattārā, kattārā, kvaci vā hoti bahakulādhikārā; etādisā sakhārasmā

Ṭi smino-.

Āraṅādesamhā smino ṭi hoti; kattari, pitari.

Divādito-.

Divādīhi nāmehi smino ṭi hoti; divi, bhuvi–-niccaṃ vakārāgamo.

Rassāraṅi-.

Smimhi āro rasso hoti; kattari, nattari.

Pitādīnamanattvādīnaṃ-.

Nattvādivajjitānaṃ pitādīnamāro rasso hoti sabbāsu vibhattisu; pitaro, pitaraṃ–-anattvādīnanti kiṃ? Nattāro.

Yuvādīnaṃ suhisvānaṅi-.

Suhisu yuvādīnaṃ ānaṅi hoti; yayuvānesu, yuvānehi.

Nonānesvā-.

Esu yuvādīnamā hoti; yuvāno, yuvānā, yuvāne.

Smāsminnaṃ nāne-.

Yuvādīhiṃ smāsminnaṃ nāne honti yathākkamaṃ; yuvānā, yuvāne.

Yonaṃ none vā-.

Yuvādīhi yonaṃ none vā honti yathākkamiṃ; yuvāno yuvāne–-vāti-kiṃ?Yuve passa;noggahaṇaṃ lāghavatthaṃ.

Ito』ññatthe pume-.

Aññapadatthe vattamānā ikārantato nāmasmā yonaṃ none vā honti yathākkamaṃ pulliṅge, tomaraṃkusa pāṇino, tomaraṃkusapāṇine, vātveva-tomaraṃkusapāṇayo; aññattheti-kiṃ?Pāṇayo.

Ne smino kvavi-.

Aññapadatthe vattamānā ikārantato nāmasmā smino ne hoti vā kvaci;』 kataññumhi ca posamhi sīlavante ariyavuttine』 vātveva-ariyavuttimhi; pumetveva-ariyayavuttiyā.

Pumā-.

Pumasaddato smino yaṃ vuttaṃ taṃ vā hoti; pumānepume.

Nāmhi-.

Pumassa nāmhi yaṃ vuttaṃ taṃ vā hoti; pumānā pumena.

Sumhā ca-.

Pumassa sumhi yaṃ vuttaṃ taṃ ā ca vā hoti; pumānesu, pumesu, pumāsu.

Gassaṃ-.

Pumasaddato gassa aṃ vā hoti; bho pumaṃ, bho puma, bho itthipumaṃ, bho itthipuma.

Sāssaṃse cānaṅi-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"kati","yo"變成"ṭi";"幾個站立","看幾個"。 從五到十四變成"ṭa": 從五到十四的數字,"yo"變成"ṭo";"五五",如是直到十八 - 為什麼說從五?"二三四";為什麼說到十四?"二十"。 從"ubha"和"go"變成"ṭo": 從"ubha"和"go","yo"變成"ṭo";"兩個","兩個","牛","牛" - 怎麼說?"我們兩個在此夜住" - 在"ṭo"中加"ya"音。 從"āraṅa": 從"āraṅa"替換後面的"yo"變成"ṭo";"諸友","諸作者","諸父"。 可選變成"ṭo"和"ṭe": 從"āraṅa"替換,"yo"可選分別變成"ṭo"和"ṭe";"諸友","諸友","諸友" - 取"ṭo"是爲了簡便。 "nā"和"smā"變成"ṭā": 從"āraṅa"替換,"nā"和"smā"變成"ṭā";"以作者","以作者",因多方位規定有時可選;"從如是友"。 "smin"變成"ṭi": 從"āraṅa"替換,"smin"變成"ṭi";"在作者中","在父親中"。 從"diva"等: 從"diva"等名詞,"smin"變成"ṭi";"在天中","在地中" - 必定加"va"音。 "āraṅa"短音: 在"smin"中"āra"變短音;"在作者中","在孫子中"。 "pitu"等非"nattu"等的: 除了"nattu"等以外的"pitu"等詞,"āra"在所有變位詞尾中變短音;"諸父","父" - 為什麼說非"nattu"等?"諸孫"。 "yuva"等在"su"和"hi"中變"ānaṅa": 在"su"和"hi"中"yuva"等變成"ānaṅa";"在諸青年中","以諸青年"。 在"no"、"nā"中變"ā": 在這些中"yuva"等變成"ā";"青年的","以青年","青年"。 "smā"和"smin"變成"nā"和"ne": 從"yuva"等,"smā"和"smin"分別變成"nā"和"ne";"從青年","在青年中"。 "yo"可選變成"no"和"ne": 從"yuva"等,"yo"可選分別變成"no"和"ne";"諸青年","諸青年" - 為什麼說可選?"看諸青年";取"no"是爲了簡便。 在其他義的陽性中: 表示其他詞義時,從以"i"結尾的名詞,"yo"在陽性中可選分別變成"no"和"ne";"持鉤棒者","持鉤棒者" - 因說可選 - "持鉤棒者們";為什麼說其他義?"生物們"。 "smin"有時變成"ne": 表示其他詞義時,從以"i"結尾的名詞,"smin"可選有時變成"ne";"在知恩、持戒、行聖者中" - 因說可選 - "在聖行中";仍說陽性 - "在聖行女中"。 "puma": 從"puma"詞,所說的在"smin"中可選發生;"在男中"。 在"nā"中: "puma"在"nā"中所說的可選發生;"以男","以男"。 且在"su"中: "puma"在"su"中所說的和"ā"可選發生;"在諸男中","在諸男中","在諸男中"。 變成"aṃ": 從"puma"詞,"ga"可選變成"aṃ";"噢,男人","噢,男人","噢,女男人","噢,女男人"。 "sā"變成"aṃ"且在"se"中變成"ānaṅa":

Sāsaddassa ānaṅi hoti aṃse ge ca; sānaṃ, sānassa, bho sāna.

Vattahā sanannaṃ nonānaṃ-.

Vattahā sanannaṃ nonānaṃ honti yathākkama; vattahā no, vattahānānaṃ.

Brahmassu vā-.

Brahmassu vā hoti sanaṃsu; brahmuno, brahmassa, brahmūnaṃ brahmānaṃ.

Nāmhi-.

Brahmassu hoti nāmhi; brahmunā,

Pumakammathāmaddhānaṃ vā sasmāsu ca-.

Pudīnamu hoti vā sasmāsu nāmhi ca; pumuno, pumassa; pumunā, pumānā, pumunā, pumānā; kammuno, kammassa; kammunā kammasmā; kammunā, kammanā; ṭhāmuno, ṭhāmassa;ṭhāmunā, ṭhāmasmā; ṭhāmunā, ṭhāmena; addhuno, addhassa; addhunā, addhasmā;addhunā, addhanā.

Yuvā sassano-.

Yuvā sassavā ino hoti, yuvino, yuvassa.

Nottātumā-.

Attātumehi sassa no hoti vā; attano, attassa; ātumano, ātumassa.

Suhisu naka-.

Attaātumānaṃ suhisu vā naka hoti; attanesu, attesu, ātumanesu, ātumesu; attanehi, attehi; ātumanehi, ātumehi–-kathaṃ?Verinesūti-naka iti yogavibhāgā.

Smāssanā brahmā ca-.

Brahma attaātumehi ca smāssa nā hoti; brahmunā, attanā, ātumanā.

Imetānamenāṇvādese dutiyāyaṃ-.

Imaetasaddānaṃ kathitānukathanavisaye dutiyāyamenādeso hoti; imaṃ bhikkhuṃ vinayamajjhāpayaatho enaṃ dhammamajjhāpaya, ime bhikkhū vinayamajjhāpaya atho ene dhammamajjhāpaya; evame tassa ca yojanīyaṃ.

Kissa ko sabbāsu-.

Sabbāsu vibhattisukissako hoti; ko, ke, kā, kāyo, kaṃ, kāni, keneccādi.

Ki sasmiṃsuvānitthiyaṃ-.

Anitthiyaṃ kissa ki vā hoti sasmiṃsu; kissa, kassa, kismiṃ, kasmiṃ; anitthiyanti-kiṃ? Ko, kaṃ.

Imassidaṃ vā-.

Aṃsisu saha tehiimassidaṃ hoti vā napuṃsake; idaṃ, imaṃ; idaṃ,imaṃ.

Amussāduṃ-.

Aṃsisu saha tehi amussa aduṃ hoti vā napuṃsake; aduṃ, amuṃ; aduṃ, amuṃ.

Sumbhāmbhassāsmā-

Ahmassa asmā hoti vā sumhi; bhattīrasmāsu sā tava; vātveva-amhesu.

Namhi ticatuntamitthiyaṃ tissacatassā-.

Namhi ticatunnaṃ tissavatassā hontitthiyaṃ yathākkamaṃ; tissannaṃ, vatassannaṃ; itthiyanti-kiṃ? Tiṇṇaṃ, catunnaṃ.

Tissocatasso yomhi savibhattīnaṃ-. Vibhattisahitānaṃ tivatunnaṃ yomhi tisso catasso hontitthiyaṃ yathākkamaṃ; tisso,catasso

Tīṇicattāri napuṃsake-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "sā"詞變成"ānaṅa"且在"aṃ"和"ga"中;"sā的","sā的","噢,sā"。 "vattaha"的變成"no"和"nānaṃ": 從"vattaha","sa"分別變成"no"和"nānaṃ";"說者的","諸說者的"。 "brahma"可選: "brahma"在"sa"中可選變化;"梵天的","梵天的","諸梵天的","諸梵天的"。 在"nā"中: "brahma"在"nā"中變化;"以梵天"。 "puma"、"kamma"、"thāma"、"addha"在"sa"和"smā"中及可選: "pu"等可選在"sa"、"smā"和"nā"中變化;"男人的","男人的";"以男人","從男人","以男人","以男人";"業的","業的";"以業","從業";"以業","以業";"力的","力的";"以力","從力";"以力","以力";"時的","時的";"以時","從時";"以時","以時"。 "yuva"的"sa"變成"no": "yuva"的"sa"可選變成"ino";"青年的","青年的"。 非從"atta"和"ātuma": 從"atta"和"ātuma","sa"可選變成"no";"我的","我的";"我的","我的"。 在"su"和"hi"中變成"naka": "atta"和"ātuma"在"su"和"hi"中可選變成"naka";"在我們中","在我們中","在我們中","在我們中";"以我們","以我們";"以我們","以我們" - 怎麼說?"在敵人中" - 通過分離"naka"規則。 "smā"變成"nā"且從"brahma": 從"brahma"、"atta"和"ātuma","smā"變成"nā";"以梵天","以我","以我"。 "ima"和"eta"在複述第二格中變成"ena": "ima"和"eta"詞在複述上下文中第二格變成"ena";"教這比丘律,又教他法","教這些比丘律,又教他們法";如是"eta"也同樣連線。 "ki"在所有中變成"ka": 在所有變位詞尾中"ki"變成"ka";"誰","誰們","誰","誰們","誰","誰們","以誰"等。 "ki"在非陰性"sa"和"smiṃ"中可選: 在非陰性中"ki"在"sa"和"smiṃ"中可選變化;"誰的","誰的","在誰中","在誰中";為什麼說非陰性?"誰","誰"。 "ima"可選變成"idaṃ": 在"aṃ"和"si"及其他中,"ima"在中性中可選變成"idaṃ";"這個","這個";"這個","這個"。 "amu"變成"aduṃ": 在"aṃ"和"si"及其他中,"amu"在中性中可選變成"aduṃ";"那個","那個";"那個","那個"。 "amha"在"su"中變成"asmā": "amha"在"su"中可選變成"asmā";"在你的諸信中" - 因說可選 - "在我們中"。 在陰性"na"中"ti"和"catu"變成"tissa"和"catassa": 在"na"中,"ti"和"catu"在陰性中分別變成"tissa"和"catassa";"三的","四的";為什麼說陰性?"三的","四的"。 在"yo"中帶變位詞尾變成"tisso"和"catasso": 帶變位詞尾的"ti"和"catu"在"yo"中在陰性中分別變成"tisso"和"catasso";"三","四"。 在中性中變成"tīṇi"和"cattāri":

Yomhisavibhattīnaṃ ticatunnaṃ yathākkamaṃtīṇi cattāri honti napuṃsake; tīṇi, cattāri.

Pume tayocattāro-.

Yomhi savibhattīnaṃ ticatunnaṃ tayocattāro honti yathākkamaṃ pulliṅge; tayo, cattāro.

Caturovā catussa-.

Catusaddassa savibhattissa yombhi caturo vā hoti pulliṅge; caturo janā saṃvidhāya; kathaṃ? Caturo nimittenāddasāsinti liṅgavipallāsā.

Mayamasmāmhassa-.

Yeyāsvamhassa savibhattissaasmākaṃmamaṃ honti vā yathākkamaṃ; asmākaṃ, amhākaṃ; mamaṃ, mama.

Simbhahaṃ-.

Simhi amhassa savibhattissa ahaṃ hoti; ahaṃ.

Tumhassa tuvaṃtvamamhi ca-.

Amhī simhi ca tuhmassa savibhattissa tuvaṃtvaṃ honti yathākkamaṃ; tuvaṃ, tvaṃ.

Tayātayīnaṃ tvaṃ vā tassa-.

Tumhassatayātayīnaṃ takārassatva hoti vā; tvayā, tayā; tvayi, tayi.

Smāmhi tvamhā-.

Smāmhi tumhassa savibhattissa tvamhā hoti vā; pattā nissaṃsayaṃ [ ] tvamhā–-vātveva-tvayā.

Ntantunaṃ nto yomhi paṭhame-.

Paṭhame yomhi ntantunaṃ savibhattinaṃ nto iccādeso vā hoti; gacchanto, gacchantā; guṇavanto, guṇavantā.

Taṃ namhi-.

Namhi ntantunaṃ savibhattinaṃ taṃ vā hoti; gacchataṃ, gacchantānaṃ; guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ.

Totātitā sasmāsmiṃnāsu-.

Sādisuntantunaṃ savibhattinaṃ totātitā honti vā yathākkamaṃ; gacchato, gacchantassa; guṇavato, guṇavantassa; gacchatā, gacchantamhā; guṇavatā, guṇavantamhā; gacchati, gacchante;guṇavati, guṇavante; gacchatā, gacchantena; guṇavatā, guṇavantena.

Ṭaṭāaṃ ge-.

Ge pare ntantunaṃ savibhattīnaṃ ṭaṭāaṃ iccādesā honti; bho gaccha, bho gacchā, bhoka gacchaṃ; bho guṇava, bho guṇavā, bho guṇavaṃ.

Yomhi dvinnaṃ duveñce-.

Yomhi dvissa savibhattissa duvedve honti paccekaṃ; duve, dve.

Duvinnaṃ namhi vā-.

Namhi dvissa savibhattissa duvinnaṃ hoti vā; duvinnaṃ, dvinnaṃ.

Rājassa raññaṃ-.

Namhi rājasaddassasavibhattissaraññaṃ hoti vā; raññaṃ, rajānaṃ

Nāsmāsu raññā-.

Nāsmāsu rājassa savibhattissaraññā hoti, raññā kataṃ, raññānissaṭaṃ.

Raññoraññassarājino se-.

Se rājassa savibhattissa raññoraññassarājino hontī; rañño, raññassa, rājino.

Smimhi raññerājini-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在帶變位詞尾的"yo"中,"ti"和"catu"在中性中分別變成"tīṇi"和"cattāri";"三","四"。 在陽性中變成"tayo"和"cattāro": 在帶變位詞尾的"yo"中,"ti"和"catu"在陽性中分別變成"tayo"和"cattāro";"三","四"。 "catu"可選變成"caturo": 帶變位詞尾的"catu"詞在"yo"中在陽性中可選變成"caturo";"四人安排";怎麼說?"以相見到四"是性的變換。 "amha"變成"asmākaṃ"和"mamaṃ": 在"ye"和"yā"中帶變位詞尾的"amha"可選分別變成"asmākaṃ"和"mamaṃ";"我們的","我們的";"我的","我的"。 在"si"中變成"ahaṃ": 在"si"中帶變位詞尾的"amha"變成"ahaṃ";"我"。 "tumha"在"amhi"中變成"tuvaṃ"和"tvaṃ": 在"amhi"和"si"中帶變位詞尾的"tumha"分別變成"tuvaṃ"和"tvaṃ";"你","你"。 "taya"和"tayī"的"ta"可選變成"tvaṃ": "tumha"的"taya"和"tayī"的"ta"可選變成"tva";"以你","以你";"在你中","在你中"。 在"smā"中變成"tvamhā": 在"smā"中帶變位詞尾的"tumha"可選變成"tvamhā";"從你無疑獲得" - 因說可選 - "以你"。 第一格"yo"中"nta"和"ntu"變成"nto": 在第一格"yo"中,帶變位詞尾的"nta"和"ntu"可選變成"nto";"去","去";"有德","有德"。 在"na"中變成"taṃ": 在"na"中,帶變位詞尾的"nta"和"ntu"可選變成"taṃ";"諸去者的","諸去者的";"諸有德者的","諸有德者的"。 在"sa"、"smā"、"smiṃ"、"nā"中變成"to"、"tā"、"ti"、"tā": 在"sa"等中,帶變位詞尾的"nta"和"ntu"分別可選變成"to"、"tā"、"ti"、"tā";"去者的","去者的";"有德者的","有德者的";"從去者","從去者";"從有德者","從有德者";"在去者中","在去者中";"在有德者中","在有德者中";"以去者","以去者";"以有德者","以有德者"。 在"ga"中變成"ṭa"、"ṭā"、"aṃ": 在"ga"之後,帶變位詞尾的"nta"和"ntu"變成"ṭa"、"ṭā"、"aṃ";"噢去者","噢去者","噢去者";"噢有德者","噢有德者","噢有德者"。 "yo"中"dvi"變成"duve"和"dve": 在"yo"中,帶變位詞尾的"dvi"分別變成"duve"和"dve";"二","二"。 "na"中可選變成"dvinnaṃ": 在"na"中,帶變位詞尾的"dvi"可選變成"dvinnaṃ";"二的","二的"。 "rāja"變成"raññaṃ": 在"na"中,帶變位詞尾的"rāja"可選變成"raññaṃ";"諸王的","諸王的"。 在"nā"和"smā"中變成"raññā": 在"nā"和"smā"中,帶變位詞尾的"rāja"變成"raññā";"由王所作","從王出"。 在"sa"中變成"rañño"、"raññassa"、"rājino": 在"sa"中,帶變位詞尾的"rāja"變成"rañño"、"raññassa"、"rājino";"王的","王的","王的"。 在"smiṃ"中變成"raññe"和"rājini":

Smimhi rājassa savibhattissa raññerājini honti; raññe,rājini.

Samāse vā-.

Samāsavisaye ete ādesā rājassavā honti; kāsiraññā, kāsirājena; kāsiraññā, kāsirājasmā; kāsirañño, kāsirājassa; kāsiraññe, kāsirāje.

Smimhi tumhāmhānaṃtayimayi-.

Smimhi tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tayimayi honti yathākkamaṃ; tayi,mayayi.

Amhi taṃmaṃtavaṃmamaṃ-.

Amhi tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ taṃmaṃtavaṃmamaṃ honti yathākkamaṃ; taṃ, maṃ, tavaṃ, mamaṃ.

Nāsmāsutayāmayā-.

Nāsmāsu tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tayāmayā honti yathākkamaṃ; tayā kataṃ, mayā kataṃ; tayā nissaṭaṃ, mayā nissaṭaṃ.

Tavamamatuyhaṃmayhaṃ se-.

Setumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tavamamatuyhaṃmayhaṃ honti yathākkamaṃ; tava, tuyhaṃ; mama,mayhaṃ.

Ṅaṃṅakaṃ namhi-.

Namhi tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ ṅaṃṅākaṃ honti paccekaṃ; tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ, amhaṃ, amhākaṃ–-yathāsaṅkhyamatra na vivacchate.

Dutiye yomhi vā-.

Tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ paccekaṃ ṅaṃṅākaṃ vā honti yomhi dutiye; tumhaṃ』tumhākaṃ, tumhe; amhaṃ,amhākaṃ,amhe.

Apādādo padatekavākye-.

Idamadhikataṃ veditabbaṃ; pajjate』nenatthoti-padaṃ, syādyantaṃ tyādyāntañca; padasamūho vākyaṃ.

Yonaṃhisvapañcamyā vono-.

Apañcamiyā yonaṃhisvapādādo vattamānānaṃ padasmā paresaṃ ekavākye ṭhitānaṃ tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ vo no honti vā yathākkamaṃ; tiṭṭhatha vo, tiṭṭhatha tumhe; tiṭṭhāma no, tiṭṭhāma mayaṃ; passati vo, passati tumhe; passati no, passatiamhe; dīyate vo, dīyate tumhaṃ; dīyate no,

Dīyate amhaṃ; dhanaṃ vo, dhanaṃ tumhaṃ; dhanaṃ no, dhanaṃ amhaṃ; kataṃ vo, kataṃ tumhehi; kataṃ no, kataṃ amhehi–-apañcamyāti-kiṃ?Nissaṭaṃ tumhehi, nissaṭaṃ amhehi; apādādotveva

『『Balañca bhikkhūnamanuppadinnaṃ,

Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakaṃ』』;

Padatotveva- tumhe tiṭṭhatha; ekavākyetveva- devadatto tiṭṭhati gāme, tumhe tiṭṭhathanagare; savibhattīnaṃtveva- arahati dhammo tumhādinaṃ; arahati dhammo amhādisānaṃ.

Teme nāse-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在"smiṃ"中,帶變位詞尾的"rāja"變成"raññe"和"rājini";"在王中","在王中"。 在複合詞中可選: 在複合詞範圍內,這些"rāja"的替換可選發生;"以迦尸王","以迦尸王";"從迦尸王","從迦尸王";"迦尸王的","迦尸王的";"在迦尸王中","在迦尸王中"。 在"smiṃ"中"tumha"和"amha"變成"tayi"和"mayi": 在"smiṃ"中,帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"分別變成"tayi"和"mayi";"在你中","在我中"。 在"aṃ"中變成"taṃ"、"maṃ"、"tavaṃ"、"mamaṃ": 在"aṃ"中,帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"分別變成"taṃ"、"maṃ"、"tavaṃ"、"mamaṃ";"你","我","你","我"。 在"nā"和"smā"中變成"tayā"和"mayā": 在"nā"和"smā"中,帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"分別變成"tayā"和"mayā";"由你所作","由我所作";"從你出","從我出"。 在"sa"中變成"tava"、"mama"、"tuyhaṃ"、"mayhaṃ": 在"sa"中,帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"分別變成"tava"、"mama"、"tuyhaṃ"、"mayhaṃ";"你的","你的";"我的","我的"。 在"na"中變成"ṅaṃ"和"ṅākaṃ": 在"na"中,帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"各自變成"ṅaṃ"和"ṅākaṃ";"你們的","你們的","我們的","我們的" - 這裡不要求按順序。 在第二"yo"中可選: 帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"在第二格"yo"中各自可選變成"ṅaṃ"和"ṅākaṃ";"你們的","你們的","你們";"我們的","我們的","我們"。 從前置詞來的單句: 這應當瞭解為:以此表達意義為"詞",以"si"等結尾和以"ti"等結尾;詞的集合為"句"。 在非第五格的"yo"、"na"、"hi"中變成"vo"和"no": 在非第五格中,從前置詞來的,在同一句中位於詞之後的,帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"在"yo"、"na"、"hi"中可選分別變成"vo"和"no";"你們站立","你們站立";"我們站立","我們站立";"他看見你們","他看見你們";"他看見我們","他看見我們";"給與你們","給與你們";"給與我們","給與我們";"你們的財","你們的財";"我們的財","我們的財";"由你們所作","由你們所作";"由我們所作","由我們所作" - 為什麼說非第五格?"從你們出","從我們出";仍說從前置詞來 - "與比丘們未給的力,你們所作非少福";仍說從詞 - "你們站立";仍說在同一句 - "提婆達多住在村莊,你們住在城市";仍說帶變位詞尾 - "法適合你們等","法適合我們等"。 "ta"在"na"和"sa"中:

Nāmhi se ca apādādo vattamānānaṃ padasmā paresaṃ eka vākye ṭhitānaṃ tumhaambhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ teme vā honti yathākkamaṃ; kataṃ te, kataṃ tayā; kataṃme, kataṃ mayā; dīyate te, dīyate tava; dīyate me, dīyayate mama; dhanaṃ te, dhanaṃme, dhanaṃ mama.

Anvādese-.

Kathitānukathanavisaye tumhaamhasaddānamādesā niccaṃ bhavanti punabbidhānā; gāmo tumhaṃ pariggaho, atho janapado vo pariggaho.

Sapubbā paṭhamantā vā-.

Vijjamānapubbasmā paṭhamantā paresaṃ tumhaamhasaddānamā desā vā honti anvādese』pi; gāme paṭo tumhākaṃ, atho nagare kambalo vo; atho nagare kambalo tumhākaṃ; sapubbāti-kiṃ? Paṭo tumhākaṃ, atho kambalo vo; paṭha mantāti-kiṃ-paṭo nagare tumhākaṃ, atho kambalo gāme vo.

Na vavāhāhevayoge-.

Cādīhi yoge tumhaamhasaddānamādesā na honti; gāmo tava ca pariggaho, mama ca pariggaho; gāmo tava vā pariggaho, mama vā pariggaho; gāmo tavaha pariggaho, mamaha pariggaho; gāmo tavāha pariggaho, mamāha parigga ho; gāmā taveva pariggaho, mameva pariggaho; evaṃ sabbattha udāhararitabbaṃ–-yogeti kiṃ? Gāmoca te pariggaho, nagarañca me pariggaho.

Dassanatthenālocane-.

Dassanatthesu ālocanavajjitesu payujjamānesu tumha amhasaddānamādesā na honti; gāmo tumhe uddissāgato, gāmo amhe uddissāgato–-anālocaneti-kiṃ? Gāmo vo āloveti, gāmo no āloceti.

Āmantaṇaṃ pubbamasantaṃva-.

Āmantaṇaṃ pubbamavijjamānaṃ viya hoti tumhaamhasaddāna mādesavisaye; devadatta tava pariggaho–-āmantaṇantikiṃ? Kambalo te pariggaho; pubbanti-kiṃ?』Mayetaṃ sabba makkhātaṃ tumhākaṃ dvijapuṅgavā』 parassa hi [ ] avijjamānantā apādādoti-paṭisedhona siyā? Ivāti-kiṃ? Savanaṃ[ ] yathā siyā.

Na sāmaññavacanamekatthe-.

Samānādhikaraṇe parato sāmaññavacanamāmantaṇamasantaṃ viya na hoti; māṇavaka jaṭilaka tepariggaho–-parassā vijjamānatte』pi pubbarūpamupādāyādeso hoti; sāmañña vacananti-kiṃ? Devadatta māṇavaka tava pariggaho; ekatthetikiṃ? Devadatta yaññadatta tumhaṃ pariggaho.

Bahusu vā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在"nā"和"sa"中及從前置詞來的,在同一句中位於詞之後的,帶變位詞尾的"tumha"和"amha"可選分別變成"te"和"me";"由你所作","由你所作";"由我所作","由我所作";"給與你","給與你的";"給與我","給與我的";"你的財","我的財","我的財"。 在複述中: 在複述上下文中,"tumha"和"amha"的替換必定發生因再次規定;"村是你們的領地,而且地區也是你們的領地"。 帶前詞的第一格可選: 有前詞時從第一格之後的"tumha"和"amha"的替換在複述中也可選發生;"村中布是你們的,而且城中毛毯是你們的";"而且城中毛毯是你們的" - 為什麼說帶前詞?"布是你們的,而且毛毯是你們的" - 為什麼說第一格?"布在城中是你們的,而且毛毯在村中是你們的"。 在"va"、"vā"、"ha"、"hi"、"eva"連線中不: 與"ca"等連線時,"tumha"和"amha"的替換不發生;"村是你和領地,我和領地";"村是你或領地,我或領地";"村是你啊領地,我啊領地";"村是你啊領地,我啊領地";"村是隻你的領地,只我的領地";如是一切處應舉例 - 為什麼說連線?"村和是你的領地,城和是我的領地"。 在見義非觀察中: 在使用見義時除觀察外,"tumha"和"amha"的替換不發生;"村為你們而來","村為我們而來" - 為什麼說非觀察?"村觀察你們","村觀察我們"。 呼格前如不存在: 呼格前如同不存在一樣在"tumha"和"amha"的替換範圍中;"提婆達多,是你的領地" - 為什麼說呼格?"毛毯是你的領地" - 為什麼說前?"婆羅門賢者們,這一切我們都對你們說了"因為后詞不存在,從前置詞來的否定就不會有 - 為什麼說如?"聽聞如是"。 同義詞在同義中不: 在同格后,同義呼格詞不如同不存在;"年輕人、結髮者,是你的領地" - 即使后詞存在,取前形也有替換;為什麼說同義詞?"提婆達多年輕人,是你的領地";為什麼說同義?"提婆達多、耶若達多,是你們的領地"。 在多中可選:

Bahusu vattamānamāmantaṇaṃ sāmaññavacanamekatthe avijjamānaṃ viya vā na hoti; brāhmaṇā guṇavanto tumhākaṃ pariggaho; brāhmaṇā guṇavanto vo pariggaho.

Iti moggallāne vyākaraṇe vuttiyaṃ syādikaṇḍo dutiyo.

Syādi syādinekatthaṃ-.

Syādyantaṃ syādyāntena sahekatthaṃ hotīti-idamadhikataṃ veditabbaṃ; so ca bhinnatthānamekatthibhāvo samāsoti vuccate.

Asaṃkhyaṃ vibhattisampattisamīpasākalyābhāvayathā pacchāyugapadatthe-.

Asaṃkhyaṃ syyādyantaṃ vibhatyādīnamatthe vattamānaṃ syādyantena sahekatthaṃ bhavati; tattha vibhatyatthe tāva-itthisu kathā pavattā adhitthi–-sampatti dvidhā attasampatti samiddhi casampannaṃ brahmaṃ sabrahmaṃ, licchavīnaṃ; samiddhi bhikkhānaṃ subhikkhaṃ. Samīpe-kumbhassa samīpamupakumbhaṃ–-sākalye-satiṇamajjho harati; sāggyadhīte–-abhāvo sambandhibhedā bahuvidho; tatra iddhābhāve-vigatā iddhi saddikānaṃ dussaddikaṃ; atthābhāve-abhāvo makkhikānaṃ nimmakkhikaṃ; atikkamābhāve-atigatāni tiṇāni nittiṇaṃ; sampatābhāve-atigataṃ lahupāpuraṇaṃ ati lahupāpuraṇaṃ; lahupāpuraṇassa nāyamupabhogakāloti attho. Yayathāttho』nekavidho; tatra yoggatāyaṃ-anurūpaṃ surūpo vahati; vicchāyaṃ -anvaddhamāsaṃ; atthānativattiyaṃ- yathāsatti; sadisatte- sadiso kikhiyā[ ] sakikhi; ānupubbiyaṃ- anujeṭṭhaṃ; pacchātthe [ -]anurathaṃ; yugapadatthe-sacakkaṃ nidhi.

Yathā na tulye-.

Yathāsaddotulyatthe vattamāno syādyantena sahekattho na bhavati; yathā devadatto tathā yaññadatto.

Yāvāvadhāraṇe-.

Yāvasaddo』vadhāraṇe vattamāno syādyantena sahekattho bhavati; avadhāraṇamettakatā paricchedo; yāvāmattaṃ brāhmaṇe āmantaya; yāvajīvaṃ–-avadhāraṇeti-kiṃ, yāva dinnaṃtāva bhuttaṃ nāvadhārayāmi kittakaṃ mayā bhuttanti.

Payyapābahitiropurepacchāvā pañcamyā-.

Pariādayo vañcamyantena sahekatthā honti vā; pari pabbataṃ vassi devo, paripabbatā; apapabbataṃ vassi devo, apa pabbatā; āpāṭaliputtaṃ vassidevo, āpāṭaliputtā; bahigāmaṃ, bahigāmā; tiropabbataṃ, tiropabbatā; purebhattaṃ, purebhattā; pacchābhattaṃ, pacchābhattā–-vetādhikāro

Samīpāyāmesvanu-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在多中,呼格中的同義詞在同義中可選如同不存在也可不如同不存在;"婆羅門有德者們,是你們的領地";"婆羅門有德者們,是你們的領地"。 以上是目犍連文法註釋中詞尾曲折第二章。 詞尾與詞尾同義: 應瞭解此為:以"si"等結尾的詞與以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義 - 而這種不同詞義的同義關係稱為複合詞。 在非數、變位詞尾、成就、鄰近、完全、不存在、如、后和同時義中: 非數的以"si"等結尾的詞在表示變位詞尾等義時與以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義;其中首先在變位詞尾義中 - "婦女們中有話說"成為"在婦女中" - 成就分兩種:自我成就和圓滿成就,"具梵的"成為"具梵的離車人的";圓滿"有比丘的"成為"豐富的"。在鄰近中 - "罐的鄰近"成為"近罐"。在完全中 - "帶草中部取走";"和天神學習"。不存在因關係不同有多種;其中在神通不存在時 - "神通已去的惡語者們"成為"惡語";在義不存在時 - "蠅的不存在"成為"無蠅";在超越不存在時 - "草已超越"成為"無草";在適時不存在時 - "輕覆已超越"成為"過輕覆",義為"非此輕覆的受用時"。如的義多種;其中在適合性時 - "適合的好形體進行";在分配時 - "每半月";在義不超越時 - "隨力";在相似時 - "與孔雀相似"成為"如孔雀";在次第時 - "隨長幼";在後義時 - "隨車";在同時義時 - "與輪共財"。 如非在相等中: "如"字在表示相等義時不與以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義;"如提婆達多,如是耶若達多"。 "yāva"在限定中: "yāva"在表示限定時與以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義;限定即量的界定;"呼喚婆羅門到極限";"盡終生" - 為什麼說限定?"給多少就吃多少,我不限定我吃了多少"。 "pari"、"apa"、"ā"、"bahi"、"tiro"、"pure"、"pacchā"可選與第五格: "pari"等可選與第五格結尾成為同義;"雨在山周圍","從山周圍";"雨在山外","從山外";"雨到(巴連弗城)","從(巴連弗城)";"在村外","從村外";"在山隱","從山隱";"在食前","從食前";"在食后","從食后" - 此為規定。 在鄰近、延伸中"anu":;

Anusaddo sāmīpye āyāme ca vattamāno syādyantena sahekattho hotī vā; anuvanamasani gatā; anugaṅgaṃ bārāṇasī–-samīpāyāmesviti-kiṃ, rukkhamanuvijjotate vijju.

Tiṭṭhagvādini-.

Tiṭṭhaguppabhutīni, ekatthibhāvavisaye nipātīyante;』tiṭṭhantī gāvo yasmiṃ kāle』tiṭṭhagu, kālo; vahaggu, kālo; āyatigavaṃ, khaleyavaṃ, lūnayavaṃ, lūyamānayavamiccādi–-vyanto』pettha; kesākesi; daṇḍādaṇḍi–-tathā velāppabhāvanattho』pi; pāto nahānaṃ pātanahānaṃ; sāyaṃ nahānaṃ sāyanahānaṃ; pātakālaṃ, sāyakālaṃ; pātameghaṃ, sāyameghaṃ; pātamaggaṃ, sāyamaggaṃ.

Oreparipaṭipāremajjheheṭhuddhādhonto vā chaṭṭhīyā-.

Orādayo saddā chaṭṭhiyantena sahekatthā vā honti; ekārantattaṃ nipātanato–-oregaṅgaṃ; uparisikharaṃ; paṭi sotaṃ; pāreyamunaṃ; majjhegaṅgaṃ; heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ; uddhagaṅgaṃ; adhogaṅgaṃ; antopāsādaṃ–-puna vāvidhānā gaṅgāoramiccā dipi hoti.

Taṃ napuṃsakaṃ-.

Yadetamatakkantamekatthaṃ taṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ veditabbaṃ; tathā vevodāhaṭaṃ; vā kvaci bahulādhikārā–-yathāparisaṃ, yathā parisāya; sakāya sakāya parisāyāti attho.

Amādi-.

Amādisyādyantaṃ syādyāntena saha bahulamekatthaṃ hoti;』gāmaṃ gato』 gāmagato;』muhuttaṃ sukhaṃ』 muhuttasukhaṃ. Vuttiye vopapadasamāse-kumbhakāro; sapāko; tantavāyo; carā haro–-ntamānaktavantuhi vākyameva; dhammaṃ suṇanto; dhammaṃ suṇamāno; odanaṃ bhuttavā.』

Raññā hato』 rājahato;』asinā chinno』 asicchinno; pitusadiso; pitusamo; sukhasahagataṃ;』dadhinā upasittaṃ bhojanaṃ』dadhibhojanaṃ;』guḷena misso odano』 guḷodano. Vutti padenevopasittādikriyāyākhyāpanato natthāyuttatthatā.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "anu"字在表示鄰近和延伸時可選與以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義;"雷走向林邊";"(波羅奈城)在恒河邊" - 為什麼說鄰近和延伸?"閃電在樹周圍閃耀"。 "tiṭṭhagu"等: "tiṭṭhagu"等在同義範圍內不變化;"牛站立的時候"成為"tiṭṭhagu",時間;"vahaggu",時間;"將來的大麥","打穀場的大麥","已割的大麥","正在割的大麥"等 - 這裡有"vi"結尾;"發與發";"杖與杖" - 如是也有時分表示;"早晨沐浴"成為"早沐浴";"傍晚沐浴"成為"晚沐浴";"早時","晚時";"早云","晚云";"早道","晚道"。 "ora"、"pari"、"paṭi"、"pāre"、"majjhe"、"heṭṭhā"、"uddha"、"adho"、"anto"可選與第六格: "ora"等詞可選與第六格結尾成為同義;因不變化而成一音節結尾 - "恒河此岸";"山頂上";"逆流";"閻牟那河彼岸";"恒河中";"宮殿下";"恒河上";"恒河下";"宮殿內" - 因再次規定可選,也有"恒河的此岸"等形式。 它是中性: 應知所說的這個同義是中性;如是已舉例;因多方位規定有時可選 - "隨眾","隨眾";義為"隨各自的眾"。 以"ama"開始: 以"ama"開始的以"si"等結尾的詞與以"si"等結尾的詞多成為同義;"去村"成為"去村的";"片刻樂"成為"片刻樂的"。在註釋中近詞複合詞 - "作罐者";"煮狗者";"織者";"走帶者" - 與"nta"、"māna"、"kta"、"vantu"只是句子;"聽法的";"聽法的";"吃飯的"。"被王殺"成為"王殺";"被劍切"成為"劍切";"似父";"同父";"伴樂";"以酪澆的食物"成為"酪食";"與糖混的飯"成為"糖飯"。註釋因以詞表示澆等動作故無不適合義。

Kvavi vuttiyeva; urago pādapo–-kvavi vākyameva; pharasunā chinnavā; dassanena pahātabbā.』

Buddhassadeyyaṃ』 buddhadeyyaṃ;』yūpāya dāru』 yūpadāru;』rajanāya doṇi』 rajanadoṇi; idha na hoti-saṅghassa dātabbaṃ–-kathaṃ, etadattho etadatthanti-aññapadatthe bhavissati.』

Savarehi bhayaṃ』 savarabhayaṃ; gāmaniggato, methunāpeto. Kvaci vuttiyeva; kammajaṃ, cittajaṃ–-idha na hoti-rukkhā patito.』

Rañño puriso』 rājapuriso–-bahulādhikārā ntamāna niddhāriyapūraṇabhāvatittatthehi na hoti; mamānukubbaṃ; mamānu kurumāno; gunnaṃ kaṇhā sampannakhīratamā; sissānaṃ pañcamo; paṭassa sukkatā–-kvaci hoteva; vattamānasāmīpyaṃ–-kathaṃ brāhmaṇassa sukkā dantāti-sāpekkhatāya na hoti–-idha panahoteva candanagandho; nadīghoso; kaññārūpaṃ; kāyasamphasso?Phalarasoti [ –-]phalānaṃtitto; phalānamāsito[ ] phalānaṃ suhito; brāhmaṇassौccaṃ gehanti; sāpekkha tāya na hoti–-raññopāṭaliputtakassadhananti–-dhana sambandhe chaṭṭhīti pāṭaliputtakैnasambandhābhāvā nahessati; rañño』gova asso ca puriso cā』ti bhīnnatthatāyaṃ [ ] vākya meva–-』rañño gavāssapurisā rājagavāssapurisāti vutti hotevekatthibhāve.』Dānesoṇḍo』 dānasoṇḍo; dhammarato; dānabhirato–-kvacivuttiyeva; kucchisayo; thalaṭṭho; paṅkajaṃ; saroruhaṃ idha na hoti bhojane mattaññutā; indriyesu guttadvāratā; āsane nisinno āsane nisīditabbaṃ.

Visesanamekatthena-.

Visesanaṃ syādyantaṃ visessena syādyāntena samānādhikaraṇenasahekatthaṃ hoti;』nīlañca taṃ uppalañce』ti niluppalaṃ,』chinnañca taṃ parūḷhañce』ti chinnaparūḷhaṃ; satthiva satthī,』satthī ca sāsāmā ce』ti satthisāmā; sīhova sīho,』muni ca sosīho vā』timunisīho;』sīlameva dhanaṃ』 sīladhanaṃ–-kci vākyameva, puṇṇo mantāṇiputto; citto gahapati.–-Kvaci vuttiyeva; kaṇhasappo; lohitasāli. Visesananti-kiṃ? Tacchako sappo. Ekattheneti-kiṃ? Kāḷamhā añño–-kathaṃ, patta jīviko āpannajīviko[ ] māsajātoti-aññapadatthe bhavissati.

Naña-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 有時只在註釋中;"蛇","樹" - 有時只是句子;"被斧頭砍的";"應以見斷"。 "應給佛的"成為"佛應給的";"為柱的木"成為"柱木";"為染的槽"成為"染槽";這裡不發生 - "應給僧團" - 怎麼說,"此義此義"將在其他詞義中。 "從野人的怖畏"成為"野人怖畏";"從村出","離淫"。有時只在註釋中;"業生","心生" - 這裡不發生 - "從樹落"。 "王的人"成為"王人" - 因多方位規定,與"nta"、"māna"、區分詞、序數詞、狀態、"titta"義不發生;"隨我做";"隨我做";"牛中黑者最豐乳";"學生中第五";"布的白" - 有時也發生;現在的鄰近 - 怎麼說"婆羅門的牙白"因有所待故不發生 - 但這裡也發生"栴檀香";"河聲";"少女相";"身觸"?"果味"即"果滿足的";"果依賴的"[]"果滿足的";"婆羅門的高房";因有所待故不發生 - "王的巴連弗人的財" - 因第六格是財的關係,由於與巴連弗人無關係故不會有;"王的牛和馬和人"因義不同[]只是句子 - "王的牛馬人"、"王牛馬人"在同義時註釋也發生。"佈施熱衷"成為"佈施熱衷";"法樂";"佈施歡喜" - 有時只在註釋中;"住腹";"立地";"生泥";"生池"這裡不發生"食知量";"于諸根守門";"坐于座"、"應坐于座"。 限定詞與同義: 以"si"等結尾的限定詞與同一處的以"si"等結尾的所限定詞成為同義;"藍的和蓮花的"成為"藍蓮","斷的和再生的"成為"斷再生";"具工具如具工具","具工具和褐色的"成為"具工具褐色";"獅子如獅子","牟尼和他獅子或"成為"牟尼獅";"戒即財"成為"戒財" - 有時只是句子,"滿·滿多尼子";"質多居士" - 有時只在註釋中;"黑蛇";"紅米"。為什麼說限定詞?"木匠蛇"。為什麼說同義?"異於黑" - 怎麼說,"得活命"、"得活命"[]"月生"將在其他詞義中。 "na"和"a":

Nañiccetaṃ syādyantaṃ syādyantena sahekatthaṃ hoti; na brāhmaṇo abrāhmaṇo–-bahulādhikārato asamatthehipi kehici hoti; apunageyyā, gāthā–-anokāsaṃ kāretvā amūlāmūlaṃ gantvā–-īsakaḷāro īsapiṅgaloti-syādi syādinekatthanti samāso; vākyameva vātippasaṅgābhāvā.

Kupādayo niccamasyādividhimhi-.

Kusaddo pādayo ca syādyantena sahekatthā honti niccaṃ syadividhivisayato』ññattha;』kucchito brāhmaṇo』 kubrāhmaṇo,』īsakaṃ uṇhaṃ』 kaduṇhaṃ; panāyako, abhiseko, pakarittvā, pakataṃ, duppuriso, dukkataṃ, supuriso, sukataṃ, abhitthutaṃ, atitthutaṃ, ākaḷāro, ābaddho. Pādayo gatādyatthe paṭhamāya()』 pagato ācariyo』 pācariyo; pantevāsī–-accādayo kantādyatthe dutiyāya;()』atikkanto maca』matimañco; atimālo. Avādayo kuṭṭhādyatthe tatiyāya;()』avakuṭṭhaṃ kokilāya vana』mavakokilaṃ; avamayayūraṃ. Pariyādayo gilānādyatthe catutthiyā; ()』parigila no』jjhenāya』 pariyajjheno–-nyādayo kannādyatthe pañcamiyā()』nikkhantokosambiyā』 nikkosambi–-asyādividhimhīti kiṃrukkhampati vijjotate.

Cī kriyatthehi-.

Cīppaccayanto kriyatthehi syadyantehi sahekattho hoti; malinī kariya.

Bhusanādarānādaresvalaṃsāsā-.

Bhusanādisvatthesvalamādayo saddā kriyātthehi syādyantehi sahekatthā honti; alaṃkariya; sakkacca; asakkacca–-bhusanādīsūti-kiṃ? Alaṃ bhutvā gato; sakkatvā gato; asakkatvā gato; pariyattaṃ sobhanamasobhananti attho.

Aññe ca-.

Aññe ca saddā kriyatthehi syādyantehi saha bahulamekatthā bhavanti; purobhuya; tirobhuya;tirokariya; urasikariya; manasikariya; majjhekariya; tuṇhibhuya.

Vānekaññatthe-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "na"和"a"這些以"si"等結尾的詞與以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義;"非婆羅門"成為"非婆羅門" - 因多方位規定也與一些無同義的詞發生;"不再誦","偈" - "造無空間"去"無根本" - "稍褐色"、"稍黃色"即以"si"等結尾與以"si"等結尾同義故複合;只是句子因無過度延伸。 "ku"等在非"si"等規則中常: "ku"字和以"pa"開始的詞在"si"等規則範圍外與以"si"等結尾的詞常成為同義;"劣婆羅門"成為"劣婆羅門","稍暖"成為"稍暖";"無導師","灌頂","作過","已作","惡人","惡作","善人","善作","稱讚","極贊","褐色","束縛"。"pa"等在"去"等義中與第一格;"前去的老師"成為"前老師";"前學生" - "ati"等在"切"等義中與第二格;"超過床"成為"過床";"過鬘"。"ava"等在"責罵"等義中與第三格;"被杜鵑鳥責罵的林"成為"杜鵑林";"孔雀林"。"pari"等在"病"等義中與第四格;"為學習而吞"成為"學習吞" - "ni"等在"耳"等義中與第五格;"從(憍賞彌城)出"成為"離(憍賞彌)" - 為什麼說在非"si"等規則中?"閃電照在樹上"。 "cī"與表動作義: 以"cī"為後綴的詞與表示動作義的以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義;"成為污穢"。 "alaṃ"、"sā"、"asā"在增益、尊重、不尊重中: "alaṃ"等詞在增益等義中與表示動作義的以"si"等結尾的詞成為同義;"裝飾";"恭敬";"不恭敬" - 為什麼說在增益等中?"足夠吃而去";"尊重而去";"不尊重而去";義為"足夠美好不美好"。 其他也: 其他詞也與表示動作義的以"si"等結尾的詞多成為同義;"在前成為";"隱匿成為";"隱匿作";"胸作";"意作";"中作";"默然成為"。 在不同一義中可選:

Anekaṃ syādyantamaññassa padassatthe ekatthaṃ vā hoti; bahūni dhanāni yassaso』bahudhano;』lambā kaṇṇā yassa so』 lambakaṇṇo;』vajiraṃ pāṇimhi yassaso』yaṃ』 vajirapāṇi;』mattābahavo mātaṅgā ettha』 mattabahumātaṅgaṃ, vanaṃ;』ārūḷho vānaroyaṃ rukkhaṃ so』 ārūḷhavānaro;』jitāni indriyāni yenaso』 jitindriyo;』dinnaṃ bhojanaṃ yassaso』 dinnabhojano;』apagataṃ kāḷakaṃ yasmā paṭā so』ya』 mapagatakāḷako;』upagatādasa yesaṃ te』 upadasā; āsannadasā; adūradasā? Adhika dasā;』tayo dasa parimāṇamesaṃ) tidasā–-kathaṃ, dasasaddosaṃ khyāne vattate parimāṇasaddasannidhānā, yathā-pañcaparimāṇa mesaṃ』 pañcakā sakuṇāti; dve vā tayo vāparimāṇamesa』dvattayo;vāsaddatthe vā-』ve vā tayo vā』 dvattayo–-』dakkhiṇassā ca pubbassā ca disāya yadantarāḷaṃ』 dakkhiṇapubbā, dinā;』dakkhiṇā vasā pubbā cā』ti vā;』saha puttenāgato』 saputto salomako, vijjamānalomakoti attho evaṃ sapakkhako; atthikhīrā, brāhmaṇiti-atthisaddo vijjamānatthe nipāto–-kvaci gatatthatāya padantarānamappayogo, kaṇṭhaṭṭhā kāḷā assa kaṇṭhekāḷo; [ ] oṭṭhamukhamica mukhamassaoṭṭhamukho; kesasaṅghāto cūḷā assa kesacūḷo; suvaṇṇavikāro alaṅkāro assasuvaṇṇālaṅkāro;』 papatitaṃ paṇṇamassa』 papatitapaṇṇo, papaṇṇo;』avijjamānā puttā assa』 avijjamānaputto;』na santi puttā assa』 aputto–-kvaci na hotipañcabhuttavanto assa, bhātuno putto assa atthiti bahulādhikārato.

Tattha gahetvā tena paharitvā yuddhe sarūpaṃ-.

Sattamyantaṃ tatiyantañca sarūpamanekaṃ tattha gahetvā tena paharitvā yuddhe』ññapadatthe ekatthaṃ vā hoti;』kesesu ca kesesu ca gahetvā yuddhampavattaṃ』 kesākesi;』daṇḍehi ca daṇḍehi ca paharitvā yuddhampavattaṃ』 daṇḍādaṇḍi; muṭṭhāmuṭṭhi 『『ci vīti hāre』ti. Ci samāsanto [』]cismi. Ntyākāro–-tattha teneti-kiṃ? Kāyadva kāyadva [ ] gahetvā yuddhaṃ pavattaṃ; gahetvā paharitvāti- kiṃ? Rathe ca rathe ca ṭhatvā yuddhaṃpavattaṃ; yuddhetikiṃ? Hatthe ca hatthe ca gahetvā sakhyaṃ pacattaṃ; sarūpantikiṃ? Daṇḍehi ca musalehica paharitvā yuddhaṃ pavattaṃ.

Catthe-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在不同一義中可選成為同義;"誰有多財"成為"多財者";"誰有垂耳"成為"垂耳者";"誰手中有金剛杵,他"成為"金剛手";"此處有多醉象"成為"多醉象林";"此猴登上此樹,他"成為"登樹猴";"誰已制勝諸根,他"成為"制根者";"誰得食物,他"成為"得食者";"此布離黑斑,他"成為"離黑斑者";"他們接近十"成為"近十者";"接近十";"不遠十"?"過十";"他們量為三十"成為"三十" - 怎麼說,"十"字在數中用,因量詞接近,如"它們量為五"成為"五鳥";"量為二或三"成為"二三";或在"或"字義中 - "二或三"成為"二三" - "南方和東方的中間"成為"東南日";或"南和東";"與子俱來"成為"有子","有毛",義為"有現存毛"如是"有翼";"有乳的婆羅門" - "有"字是表存在的不變詞 - 有時因義已去而其他詞不用,"他頸黑"成為"頸黑";[]"他唇口"成為"唇口";"他髮髻為發聚"成為"髮髻";"他金飾為金轉成"成為"金飾";"他葉已落"成為"落葉","落葉";"他無現存子"成為"無現存子";"他無子"成為"無子" - 有時不發生"他有五食","他有兄弟之子存在"因多方位規定。 在"于彼取"、"以彼擊"、"戰鬥"中同形: 第七格語尾和第三格語尾的多個同形詞在"于彼取"、"以彼擊"、"戰鬥"中與其他詞義可選成為同義;"抓發與發而戰鬥發生"成為"發發戰";"以杖與杖擊打而戰鬥發生"成為"杖杖戰";"拳拳" - "有時在互動中"。有時複合詞末[]在"ci"中。"nti"音 - 為什麼說"于彼"、"以彼"?"身身[]取而戰鬥發生";為什麼說"取"、"擊"?"立於車與車而戰鬥發生";為什麼說"戰鬥"?"執手與手而友誼發生";為什麼說"同形"?"以杖與杵擊打而戰鬥發生"。 在第四格義中:

Anekaṃ syādyantaṃ catthe ekatthaṃ vā bhavati–-samuccayo』ṇvācayo itarītarayogo samāhāro ca casaddatthā, tattha samuccayāṇvācayesu nekatthibhāvo sambhavati- tesu hi samuccayo aññamaññanirapekkhānamattappadhānānaṃ katthaci kriyāvisese cīyamānatā-yathā-dhave ca khadire ca palāse ca chindāti; anvācayova yattheko padhānabhāvena vidhiyate aparo caguṇabhāvena-yathā-bhikkhaṃ cara gāvo vānayeti–-itarañcayaya tu sambhavati, tesu hi aññamaññasāpekkhānamava yavabhedānugato itarītarayogo- yathā- sāriputtamoggallānātiassāvayavappadhānattā bahuvacanameva; aññamañña sāpekkhānameva tirohitāvayavabhedo samudāyappadhāno samāhāro-yathā-chattupāhananti-assa pana samudāyappadhānattā ekavacanameva; te ca samāhārītarītarayogā bahulaṃ vidhānā niyatavisayāyeva honti, tatrāyaṃ visayavibhāgo nirutti piṭakāgato.

Pāṇituriyayoggasenaṅgānaṃ; niccaverīnaṃ; saṃkhyāpari māṇasaññānaṃ; khuddajantukānaṃ; pacanavaddhālānaṃ; caraṇasādhāraṇānaṃ; ekjhāyanapāvacanānaṃ; liṅgavisesānaṃ; vividhaviruddhānaṃ; disānaṃ; nadīnañca; niccaṃ samāhārekatthaṃ bhavati.

Tiṇarukkhapasusakuṇadhanadhaññavyañjanajanapadānaṃvā aññe samitarītarayogova.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在第四格義中多個以"si"等結尾的詞可選成為同義 - "ca"字的義有集合、次第集合、相互連結和總括,其中在集合和次第集合中多義性是可能的 - 因為在這些中,集合是相互不依賴的、以個體為主的、在某些動作特性中被積累 - 如:"砍伐榕樹和柯達樹和波羅沙樹";而次第集合是其中一個以主要性被規定,另一個以從屬性 - 如:"去乞食和牽牛" - 但相互連結是可能的,因為在這些中相互依賴的只有區分跟隨的相互連結 - 如:"舍利弗、目犍連"因以部分為主故只用複數;只有相互依賴的、隱藏部分差別的、以整體為主的總括 - 如:"傘鞋"- 而這因以整體為主故只用單數;而那些總括和相互連結多因規定只在固定範圍中,這裡這個範圍區分來自訓詁藏。 手、樂器、軍隊部分;常敵;數量名稱;小生物;煮具和生長物;行走共同物;一同學習和說;性別差別;各種相反;方位;和河流;常成為總括同義。 草、樹、牲畜、鳥、財、穀物、調味品、地區可選或只是相互連結。

Pāṇyaṅgānaṃ–-cakkhusotaṃ; mukhanāsika; hanugīvaṃ; chavi maṃsalohitaṃ; nāmarūpaṃ; jarāmaraṇaṃ;–-turiyaṅgānaṃ–-alasatāḷambaraṃ;murajagomukhaṃ; saṃkhadeddhimaṃ; [ ] maddavikapāṇavikaṃ; gītavādataṃ?Sammatāḷaṃ–-yoggaṅgānaṃ–-phālapācanaṃ; yuganaṅgalaṃ–-senaṅgānaṃ–-asisattitomarapiṇḍaṃ;[ ] asicammaṃ; bīḷāramūsikaṃ; kākolūkaṃ; nāgasupaṇṇaṃ–-saṃkhyāparimāṇa saññānaṃ–-ekakadukaṃ, dukatikaṃ; tikacatukkaṃ, catukkapañcakaṃ; dasekādasakaṃ –- khuddajantukānaṃ–-kīṭapaṭaṅgaṃ; kutthakipillikaṃ; ḍaṃsamakasaṃ; makkhikakipillikaṃ–-pavanavaddhālānaṃ–-orarabgikasukarikaṃ; sākuntikamāgavikaṃ;sapākavaddhālaṃ;vena

Rathakāraṃ; pukkusachavaḍāhakaṃ–-caraṇasādhāraṇānaṃ–-atisabhāradvājaṃ; kaṭhakālāpaṃ; sīlapaññāṇaṃ; samathavipassanaṃ; vijjācaraṇaṃ–-ekajjhāyanapāvacanānaṃ–-dīghamajjhimaṃ; ekuttarasaṃyuttakaṃ; khandhakavibhaṅgaṃ–-liṅgavisesānaṃ–-itthipumaṃ; dāsidāsaṃ; cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjapararikkhāraṃ; tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ; 『『lābhī hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārāna『『ntipi dissati–-vividhaviruddhānaṃ–-kusalākusalaṃ; sāvajjānavajjaṃ; hīnappaṇitaṃ; kaṇbhasukkaṃ; chekapāpakaṃ; adharuttaraṃ–-disānaṃ–-pubbāparaṃ; dakkhiṇuttaraṃ; pubbadakkhiṇaṃ; pubbuttaraṃ; apara dakkhiṇaṃ; aparuttaraṃ–-nadīnaṃ–-gaṅgāyamunaṃ, mahīsarabhu.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 身體部分 - "眼耳";"口鼻";"頜頸";"皮肉血";"名色";"老死" - 樂器部分 - "單鼓大鼓";"小鼓牛口";"螺號提提米鼓";[]"曼達維卡鼓和波那維卡鼓";"歌奏";"鐃鈸" - 農具部分 - "犁頭和煮具";"軛和犁" - 軍隊部分 - "劍矛槍團";[]"劍盾";"貓鼠";"烏鸮";"龍金翅鳥" - 數量名稱 - "一雙","二三";"三四","四五";"十十一" - 小生物 - "蟲蝗";"腐蟲螞蟻";"虻蚊";"蠅螞蟻" - 廚師和屠夫 - "羊夫豬夫";"鳥夫獵夫";"狗食者屠夫";"編筐者木匠";"賤民火葬者" - 行走共同物 - "阿底沙婆羅多婆阇";"迦他和阿拉巴";"戒慧";"止觀";"明行" - 一同學習和說 - "長中";"增支相應";"犍度分別" - 性別差別 - "女男";"婢僕";"衣食住所病緣藥資具";"草木枝葉" - 也見"得衣食住所病緣藥資具" - 各種相反 - "善不善";"有罪無罪";"低劣勝妙";"黑白";"善惡";"下上" - 方位 - "東西";"南北";"東南";"東北";"西南";"西北" - 河流 - "恒河閻牟那河","摩醯舍拉部河"。

Tiṇavisesānaṃ–-kāsakusaṃ, kāsakusā; usīrabīraṇaṃ, usī rabīraṇā; mujababbajaṃ, muñjababbajā–-rukkhavasesānaṃ–-khadirapalāsaṃ, khadirapalāsā; dhavāssakaṇṇaṃ, dhavāssakaṇṇā; pilakkhanigrodhaṃ, pilakkhanagrodhā; assatthakapitthanaṃ, assattha kapitthanā; sākasālaṃ, sākasālā–-pasuvisesānaṃ–-gaja gavajaṃ,gajagavajā; govahisaṃ, gomahisā;eṇeyyagomahisaṃ, eṇeyyagomahisā; eṇeyyavarāhaṃ, eṇeyyavarāhā; aje

Ḷakaṃ, ajeḷakā; kukkurasūkaraṃ, kukkurasūkarā; hatthigavāssa vaḷavaṃ, hatthigavāssavaḷavā–-sakuṇavisesānaṃ–-haṃsabalāvaṃ, haṃsabalāvā; kāraṇḍavavakkavākaṃ, kāraṇḍavavakkavākā; bakabalākaṃ, bakabalākā–-dhanānaṃ–-hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ, hirañña suvaṇṇā;maṇisaṃkhamuttāvephaphariyaṃ, maṇisaṃkhamuttāveḷuriyā; jātarūparajataṃ, jātarūparajatā–-dhaññānaṃ–-sāliyavakaṃ, sāliyavakā; tilamuggamāsaṃ, tilamaggamāsā; nipphāvakulatthaṃ, nipphāvakulatthā–-byañjanānaṃ–-sākasuvaṃ, sākasuvā; gabyamāhisaṃ, gabyamāhisā; eṇeyyavārāhaṃ, eṇeyyavārāhā; migamāyūraṃ, migamāyūrā–-janapadānaṃ–kāsikosalaṃ, kāsikosalā; vajjimallaṃ, vajjimallā; cetivīsaṃ, cetivīsā; macchasurasenaṃ, macchasūrasenā; kurupañcālaṃ, kurupañcālā.

Itarītarayogo-yathā-vandimasūriyā, samaṇabrāhmaṇā, mātāpitaro, iccādi, etasmiṃ ekatthibhāvakaṇḍe yaṃ vuttaṃ pubbaṃ tadeva pubbaṃ nipatati kamātikkame payojanābhāvā kvavi vipallāso』pi hoti bahulādhikārato.』 Dantānaṃ rājā』 rājadanto. Katthaci kamampaccanādarā pubbakālassāpi paranipāto. Littavāsito, naggamusito, sittasammaṭṭho, bhaṭṭhaluñcito–-catthe yadekatthaṃ tattha keci pubbapadaṃ bahudhā niyamenti tadiha vyabhivāradassanā na vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Samāhāre sapuṃsakaṃ-.

Vatthe samāhāre yadekatthaṃ tannapuṃsakaliṅgamhavati; tathā vevodāhaṭaṃ–-katthaci na hoti sabhāparisāyāti ñāpakā; ādhi paccaparivāro; chandapārisuddhi; paṭisandhippavattiyaṃ.

Saṃkhyādi-.

Ekatthe samāhāre saṃkhyādi napuṃsakaliṅgambhavati; pañcagavaṃ; catuppathaṃ–-samāhārassekattā ekavacanameva hoti; samāhāretveva-pañcakapālo, pūvo; tiputto.

Kvacekattañca chaṭṭhiyā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 草類 - "吉祥草和居沙草","吉祥草和居沙草們";"香根草和畢羅那草","香根草和畢羅那草們";"文阇草和跋跋阇草","文阇草和跋跋阇草們" - 樹類 - "柯達樹和波羅沙樹","柯達樹和波羅沙樹們";"榕樹和馬耳樹","榕樹和馬耳樹們";"波羅叉樹和尼拘律樹","波羅叉樹和尼拘律樹們";"菩提樹和木蘋果樹","菩提樹和木蘋果樹們";"沙佳樹和娑羅樹","沙佳樹和娑羅樹們" - 獸類 - "象和黃牛","象和黃牛們";"牛和水牛","牛和水牛們";"羚羊和水牛","羚羊和水牛們";"羚羊和野豬","羚羊和野豬們";"山羊和綿羊","山羊和綿羊們";"狗和豬","狗和豬們";"象牛馬母馬","象牛馬母馬們" - 鳥類 - "天鵝和芭拉瓦鳥","天鵝和芭拉瓦鳥們";"迦蘭陀婆鳥和 檫迦婆迦鳥","迦蘭陀婆鳥和檫迦婆迦鳥們";"鸛和白鷺","鸛和白鷺們" - 財類 - "金和黃金","金和黃金們";"摩尼珠、貝、珍珠和琉璃","摩尼珠、貝、珍珠和琉璃們";"生金和白銀","生金和白銀們" - 穀類 - "稻和大麥","稻和大麥們";"芝麻、綠豆和豆","芝麻、綠豆和豆們";"扁豆和馬豆","扁豆和馬豆們" - 調味品 - "菜和肉湯","菜和肉湯們";"牛和水牛","牛和水牛們";"羚羊和野豬","羚羊和野豬們";"鹿和孔雀","鹿和孔雀們" - 地區 - "迦尸和拘薩羅","迦尸和拘薩羅們";"跋耆和末羅","跋耆和末羅們";"支提和毗沙","支提和毗沙們";"摩差和蘇羅西那","摩差和蘇羅西那們";"俱盧和般阇羅","俱盧和般阇羅們"。 相互連結 - 如:"月和日","沙門和婆羅門","父母"等,在此同義章節中所說的前者即在前位,因在次序顛倒中無用途。有時也有顛倒因多方位規定。"牙之王"成為"王牙"。有時也因不尊重行為前時也有後置。"涂香","剝奪","灑掃","脫落拔除" - 在此第四格義中有些人多方規定前詞,此處因見不同義而不說,應知。 總括中用中性: 在總括義中成為同義者成為中性性;如是已舉例 - 有時不發生如"會眾"等為標識;"主權、威力和眷屬";"意欲和清凈";"結生和轉起中"。 數等: 在同義總括中數等成為中性性;"五牛";"四道" - 因總括是一故只用單數;因在總括中 - "五缽","糕";"三子"。 有時第六格也一性:

Chaṭṭhiyekatthe kvaci napuṃsakattaṃ hotekattañca;』salabhānaṃ chāyā』 salahacchāyaṃ; evaṃ』sakuntānaṃ chāyā』 sakuntacchāyaṃ;

Pāsādacchāyayaṃ, pāsādacchāyayā; gharacchāyayaṃ, gharacchāyā. Amanussā sabhāya napuṃsakekattambhavati; brahmasabhaṃ; devasabhaṃ; indasabhaṃ; yakkhasabhaṃ; sarabhasabhaṃ–-manussasabhāyaṃ–-khattiyasabhā, rājasabhā iccevamādi–-kvacīti kiṃ?Rājapuriso.

Syādisu rasso-.

Napuṃsake vattamānassa rasso hoti syādisu; salabhacchāyaṃ–-syādisūti-kiṃ?Salabhacchāye.

Ghapassāntassāppadhānassa-.

Antabhutassāppadhānassaghapassasyādisurassohoti; bahumālo, poso; nikkosambi; ativāmoru–-antassāti-kiṃ? Kaññāpiyo; appadhānassāti-kiṃ? Rājakumārī; brahmabandhū.

Gossu-.

Antabhutassāppadhānassa gossa syādisu u hoti; cittagu–-appadhānassātveva - sugo;antassātvecagokulaṃ.

Itthiyamatvā-.

Itthiyaṃ vattamānato akārantato nāmasmā āppaccayo hoti, dhammadinnā.

Nadādito ṇḍī-.

Nadādīhi itthiyaṃ ṇḍīppaccayo hoti; nadī, mahī, kumārī, taruṇī, vāruṇī, gotamī.

Goto vā().

Gāvī, go; ākatigaṇo』yaṃ–-ṅakāro 『『ntantunaṃ ṅimhi to vā『『ti. Visesanattho.

Yakkhādittvitī ca-.

Yakkhādito itthiyaminī hoti ṅī ca; yakkhinī, yakkhi; nāginī, nāgī; sīhinī, sīhī.

Ārāmikādīhi-.

Ārāmikādito inī hotitthiyaṃ; ārāmikinī; anantarāsikinī; rājinī.

Saññāyaṃ mānuso().

Mānusinī; aññatra mānusī.

Yuvaṇṇohi nī-.

Itthiyamivaṇṇuvaṇṇantehi nī hoti bahulaṃ; sadāpayata pāṇinī; daṇḍinī; khattabandhunī; paracittavidunī–-mātu ādito kasmā na hoti? Itthippaccayaṃ vināpi itthattāhi dhānato.

Ktimhāññatthe-.

Ktimhāññattheyeva itthiyaṃ nī hoti bahulaṃ; sāhaṃ ahiṃsāratinī; tassā muṭṭhassatiniyā; sā vacchagiddhinī–-aññattheti-kiṃ? Dhammarati.

Gharaṇyādayo-.

Gharaṇīppabhutayo nīppaccayantā sādhavo bhavanti; gharaṇī; pokkharaṇī; īssattaṃ nipātanā.

Ācariyā vā yalopo ca(); ācarinī; ācariyā.

Mātulāditvānī bhariyāyaṃ-.

Mātulādito bhariyāyamānī hoti; mātulānī; varuṇānī; gahapatānī; ācariyānī.

Abhariyāyaṃ khattiyā vā() khattiyānī; khattiyā –-nadā dīpāṭhā bhariyāyantu khattiyī.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在第六格同義中有時成為中性和一性;"蝗蟲的影"成為"蝗蟲影";如是"鳥的影"成為"鳥影"; "宮殿影","宮殿影";"房影","房影"。非人的集會成為中性單數;"梵天會";"天神會";"帝釋會";"夜叉會";"薩拉婆會" - 在人的集會中 - "剎帝利會","王會"如是等 - 為什麼說"有時"?"王人"。 在"si"等中短音: 在中性中現起者在"si"等中成為短音;"蝗蟲影" - 為什麼說"在'si'等中"?"在蝗蟲影"。 "gha"和"pa"末非主要的: 作為末尾的非主要的"gha"和"pa"在"si"等中成為短音;"多鬘人","人";"離(憍賞彌)";"極美腿" - 為什麼說"末"?"喜少女";為什麼說"非主要"?"王女";"梵友"。 在"go"中: 作為末尾的非主要的"go"在"si"等中成為"u";"智者" - 仍說"非主要" - "善去";仍說"末" - "牛群"。 在女性中"ā": 在女性中從以"a"結尾的名詞加"ā"後綴;"旃摩天女"。 從"nadā"等加"ṇḍī": 從"nadā"等在女性中加"ṇḍī"後綴;"河","地","童女","少女","伐樓尼","瞿曇女"。 從"go"可選(): "母牛","牛";這是形式集 - "ṅ"音"在'nta'、'ntu'、'na'中'ṅi'時'ta'可選"。限定義。 從"yakkha"等也"ī"和"i": 從"yakkha"等在女性中成為"inī"和"ī";"女夜叉","夜叉女";"龍女","龍女";"獅女","獅女"。 從"ārāmika"等: 從"ārāmika"等在女性中成為"inī";"園女";"無間女";"王后"。 在名稱中"mānusa"(): "人女";其他處"人女"。 從"i"和"u"音"nī": 在女性中從以"i"和"u"結尾的多成為"nī";"常施手女";"持杖女";"剎帝利親屬女";"知他心女" - 為什麼從"mātu"等不發生?因無女性後綴也確定為女性故。 從"kti"在其他義中: 從"kti"只在其他義的女性中多成為"nī";"我彼無害樂女";"彼失念女的";"彼愛犢女" - 為什麼說"其他義"?"法樂"。 "gharaṇī"等: 以"nī"後綴結尾的"gharaṇī"等成為合規;"家女";"蓮池";因不變詞"īssatta"。 老師們可選且"ya"脫落();"女教師";"女教師"。 從"mātula"等在妻子義中"ānī": 從"mātula"等在妻子義中成為"ānī";"舅母";"伐樓那妻";"居士妻";"阿阇黎妻"。 在非妻子義中"khattiya"可選():"剎帝利女";"剎帝利女" - 但從"nadā"等讀法在妻子義中"khattiyī"。

Upamāsaṃhitasahitasaññatasahasaphavāmalakkhaṇāditurutu-.

Ūrusaddā upamānādipubbā itthiyamū hoti; karahorū; saṃhitorū; sahitorū; saññatorū; sahorū; saphorū; vāmo rū; lakkhaṇorū–-』ū』ti-yogavibhāgā ū; brahmabandhu.

Yuvāti -.

Yuvasaddatoti hotitthiyaṃ; yuvati.

Ntantunaṃ ṅīmhi to vā-.

Ṅīmhi ntantunaṃ to vā hoti; gacchatī, gacchantī; sīlavatī, sīlavantī.

Bhavato bhoto-.

Ṅīmhi bhavato bhotādeso hoti vā; bhotī; bhavantī.

Gossāvaṅi-.

Gosaddassa ṅīmhāvaṅi hoti; gāvī.

Puthussapathavaputhavā-.

Ṅīmhi puthussa pathavaputhavā honti; pathavī; puthavī.–-Ṭhe pathavī.

Samāsantva-

Samāsanto a iti vādhikarīyanti.

Pāpādīhi bhumiyā-.

Pāpādīhi parā yā bhumi tassā samāsanto a hoti; pāpa bhumiṃ; jātibhumaṃ.

Saṃkhyāhi-.

Saṃkhyāhi parā yā bhumi tassā samāsanto a hoti; dvibhumaṃ; tibhumaṃ

Nadīgodāvarīnaṃ-.

Saṃkhyāhi parāsaṃ nadīgodāvarīnaṃ samāsanto a hoti; pañcanadaṃ, sattagodāvaraṃ.

Asaṃkhyehi cāṅgulyānaññāsaṃkhyatthesu-.

Asaṃkhyehi saṃkhyāhi ca parāya aṅgulyā samāsanto ahoti no ce aññapadatthe asaṃkhyattheva samāso vattite.』Niggatamaṅgulīhi』 niraṅgulaṃ; accaṅgulaṃ; dve aṅguliyo samāhaṭā』dvaṅgulaṃ–-anaññāsaṃkhyatthesūti-kiṃ? Pañcaṅgulihattho; upaṅguli–-kathaṃ, dvñaṅgulī pamāṇamassāti dvaṅgulanti-nātu samāso』ññapadatthe vihito mattādīnaṃ lope kate tatthavattate; aṅgulasaddovā pamāṇavācīsaddantaraṃ–-yathāsenāṅgulappamāṇena aṅgulānaṃ sataṃ puṇṇaṃ catuddasa vā aṅgulānīti.

Dīghāhovassekadesehi ca ratyā-.

Dīghādīhi asaṃkhyehi saṃkhyāhi ca parāya rattiyā samāsanto a hoti; dīgharattaṃ; ahorattaṃ; vassārattaṃ; pubbarattaṃ; apararattaṃ; aḍḍharattaṃ;』atikkanto rattiṃ』 atiratto;』dve rattī samāhaṭā』 dvirattaṃ–-vā kvaci bahulādhikārāekarattaṃ; ekaratti–-anaññāsaṃkhyatthesutveva-dīgharatti, hemanto; uparatti–-kvaci hoteva bahulaṃ vidhānā;yathārattaṃ.

Gotvacatthe cālope-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從帶有比喻、結合、克制、共、豐盛、麗、相等和"turu"的"ūru": "ūru"詞在以比喻等為前的女性中成為"ū";"手如腿";"結合腿";"聯合腿";"克制腿";"共腿";"豐腿";"麗腿";"相腿" - 因"ū"的連線分別"ū";"梵友"。 從"yuva"成"ti": 從"yuva"詞在女性中成為"ti";"少女"。 "nta"、"ntu"、"na"在"ṅī"中可選成"ta": 在"ṅī"中"nta"、"ntu"、"na"可選成"ta";"去者女","去者女";"有戒女","有戒女"。 "bhavata"成"bhota": 在"ṅī"中"bhavata"可選成為"bhota";"尊女";"尊女"。 "go"在"ṅī"中成"āva": "go"詞在"ṅī"中成為"āva";"母牛"。 "puthu"成"pathava"和"puthava": 在"ṅī"中"puthu"成為"pathava"和"puthava";"地";"地" - 在"ṭha"中"地"。 複合詞末"a": 複合詞末"a"如是選擇性地規定。 從"pāpa"等對"bhumi": 從"pāpa"等之後的"bhumi"其複合詞末成為"a";"惡地";"種地"。 從數: 從數之後的"bhumi"其複合詞末成為"a";"二地";"三地"。 對"nadī"和"godāvarī": 從數之後的"nadī"和"godāvarī"其複合詞末成為"a";"五河","七瞿陀婆利"。 從非數和從數對"aṅgulī"在非其他數義中: 從非數和從數之後的"aṅgulī"其複合詞末成為"a",若非在其他詞義中且非數義中複合詞存在。"出指"成"無指";"過指";"兩指集合"成"二指" - 為什麼說"在非其他數義中"?"五指手";"近指" - 如何,"以二指為量"成為"二指" - 但非複合詞在其他詞義中規定,在"量"等脫落後在那裡存在;或"aṅgula"詞為表示量的其他詞 - 如"以軍指量,滿百指或十四指"。 從"dīgha"等、"aho"、"vassa"的一部分和從數對"ratti": 從"dīgha"等、非數和數之後的"ratti"其複合詞末成為"a";"長夜";"日夜";"雨夜";"前夜";"后夜";"半夜";"超過夜"成"過夜";"兩夜集合"成"二夜" - 有時因多方位規定可選"一夜";"一夜" - 仍在非其他數義中 - "長夜","冬";"近夜" - 有時因規定必定發生多;如"依夜"。 在"go"詞義中且在脫落中:

Gosaddā alopavisayā samāsanto ahoti na ve vatthe samāso aññapadatthe asaṃkhyyatthe ca; rājagavo; paramagavora pañcagavadhano; dasagavaṃ–-alopeti-kiṃ?Pañcahi gohi kīto pañcagu; acattheti-kiṃ? Ajassagāvo –-anaññāsaṃkhyatthesutveva-cittagu;upagu.

Rattindivadāragavacaturassā-.

Ete saddā a antā nipaccante;』ratto ca divā ca』 rattindivaṃ;』 ratti ca divā ca』rattindivaṃ;』dārā ca gāvo ca』 dāragavaṃ;』 vatasso assiyo assa』 caturasso.

Āyāme』nugavaṃ-.

Anugavanti nipaccate āyāme gamyamāne; anugavaṃ, sakaṭaṃ–-āyāmeti-kiṃ? Gunnaṃ pacchā anugu.

Akkhismāññatthe-.

Akkhismā samāsanto a hoti aññatthe ce samāso; visālakkho.

Dārumbhyaṅgulyā-.

Aṅgulantā aññapadatthe dārumhi samāsanto a hoti; dvaṅgulaṃ, dāru; pañcaṅgulaṃ–-aṅgulisadisāvayavaṃ dhaññādīnaṃ vīkkhepakaṃ dārūti vuccate–-pamāṇe tu pubbe viya siddhaṃ; sakharājasaddāakārantāva, sisso』pi na dissati–-gāṇḍīvadhatvāti pakatantarenasiddhaṃ.

Dvi vītihāre-.

Kriyāvyatihāre gamyamāne aññapadatthe vattamānato ci hoti; kesākesi; daṇḍādaṇḍi–-cakāro』cismi』nti. visesanattho; sugandhi duggandhīti-payogo nadissate.

Latvitthiyūhi ko-.

Latuppaccayantehi itthiyamīkārūkārantehi cabahulaṃ kappaccayo hoti aññapadatthe; bahukattuko; bahukumāriko; bahubrahmabandhuko, bahulaṃtveva-subbhu.

Vāññato-.

Aññehi aññapadatthe ko vā bahulaṃ hoti; bahu mālako; bahumālo.

Uttarapade-.

Etamadhikataṃ veditabbaṃ.

Imassidaṃ-.

Uttarapade parato imassa idaṃ hoti; idamaṭṭhitā; idappaccayā; niggahītalopo passa ca dvibhāvo.

Puṃ pumassa vā-.

Pumassa puṃhotuttarapade vibhāsā; pulliṅgaṃ; puṃliṅgaṃ.

Ṭa nnantunaṃ-.

Esaṃ ṭa hotuttarapadekvaci vā; bhavampatiṭṭhā mayaṃ; bhāgavamamūlakā no dhammā–-bahulādhikārā tarādisu ca; pageva mahattarī; rattaññumahattaṃ.

A-5

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Esaṃ a hotuttarapade; guṇavantapatiṭṭho』smi.

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Manādyāpādīnamo maye ca-.

Manādīnamāpādīnañca o hotuttarapade maye ca; mano seṭṭhā; manomayā; rajojallaṃ; rajomayaṃ; āpogataṃ; āpomayaṃ; anuyanti disodisaṃ.

Parassasaṃkhyāsu-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"go"詞在非脫落範圍中複合詞末成為"a",若非在物義中複合詞在其他詞義和非數義中;"王牛";"最上牛";"五牛財";"十牛" - 為什麼說"非脫落"?"以五牛買"成"五牛";為什麼說"非物義"?"山羊的牛" - 仍在非其他數義中 - "心牛";"近牛"。 "rattindiva"、"dāragava"和"caturassa": 這些詞以"a"結尾被固定;"夜和日"成"日夜";"夜和日"成"日夜";"妻和牛"成"妻牛";"他有四馬"成"四角"。 在長度中"anugava": 當表示長度時固定為"anugava";"隨牛","車" - 為什麼說"長度"?"在牛後隨"。 從"akkhi"在其他義中: 若複合詞在其他義中,從"akkhi"複合詞末成為"a";"大眼"。 從"dāru"對"aṅgulī": 以"aṅgulī"結尾在其他詞義中對"dāru"複合詞末成為"a";"二指木";"五指" - 谷等的類似指的部分叫做散佈木 - 但在量中如前成立;"sakha"和"rāja"詞只以"a"結尾,也不見"sis" - "弓柄"等由其他規則成立。 "dvi"在互動中: 當表示動作互動時,在其他詞義中現起者成為"ci";"發發";"杖杖" - "ci"音在"ci"中。為限定義;不見"善香惡香"等用法。 從"lat"、女性和"ū"加"ka": 從以"lat"後綴結尾和在女性中以"ī"和"ū"結尾的多加"ka"後綴在其他詞義中;"多作者";"多少女";"多梵友",因說"多" - "美女"。 從其他可選: 從其他在其他詞義中多可選加"ka";"多鬘";"多鬘"。 在後分: 這應知為主題。 "ima"成"ida": 在後分之前"ima"成為"ida";"此住";"此緣";脫落鼻音且重複"pa"。 "puṃ"對"puma"可選: "puma"在後分中可選成為"puṃ";"男性";"男性"。 "ṭa"對"nna"和"ntuna": 這些在後分中有時可選成為"ṭa";"我們是有住";"我們的法以有為根" - 因多方位規定在"tara"等中也;"更早大";"知夜大"。 "a": 這些在後分中成為"a";"我住于有德"。 "mana"等和"āpa"等的"o"在"maya"中也: "mana"等和"āpa"等在後分中在"maya"中也成為"o";"意最勝";"意所成";"塵垢";"塵所成";"水去";"水所成";"隨方方"。 在數中對"para":

Saṃkhyāsuttarapadesu parassa o hoti; parosataṃ, parosahassaṃ–-saṃkhyāsūti-kiṃ?Paradattupajīvino.

Jane uttarapade phuthassa u hoti; ariyehi puthagevāyaṃ janoti puthujjano.

So chassāhāyatane vā-.

Ahe āyatane vuttarapade chassa so vā hoti; sāhaṃ, chāhaṃ; saḷāyatanaṃ, chaḷāyatanaṃ.

Ltupitādīnamāraṅaraṅi-.

Latuppaccayantānaṃ pitādīnañca yathākkamamāraṅaraṅi vā hontuttarapade; satthāradassanaṃ; kattāraniddeso; mārata pitaro–-vātveva-satthudassanaṃ; mātāpitaro.

Vijjāyonisambāndhanamā tatra catthe-.

Latupitādīnaṃ vijjāsambandhīnaṃ yonisambandhīnañca tesveva latupitādisu vijjāyonisambandhisuttarapadesu catthavisaye ā hoti; hotāpotāro; mātāpitaro–-latupitādīnantvevaputtabhātaro; tatreti-kiṃ? Pitupitāmahā; cattheti-kiṃ; mātu bhātā; vijjāyonisambandhānanti-kiṃ?Dātubhātaro.

Putte-.

Putte uttarapade vatthavisaye latupitādīnaṃvijjāyoni sambandhānamā hoti; pitāputtā; mātāputtā.

Cismiṃ-.

Cippaccayante uttarapade ā hoti; kesākesi; muṭṭhāmuṭṭhi.

Itthiyamhāsitapumitthi pumevekatthe-.

Itthiyaṃ vattamāne ekatthe samānādhikaraṇe uttarapade pare bhāsitapumā itthi pumeva hoti; kurabhariyo; dīgha

Jaṅgho; yuvajāyo–-itthiyanti-kiṃ?』Kalyāṇī padhānamesaṃ』 kalyyāṇippadhānā; bhāsitapumeti- kiṃ? Kaññābhariyo; itthiti-kiṃ? Gāmaṇikulaṃ diṭṭhi assa』 gāmaṇidiṭṭhi; ekattheti-kiṃ?』Kalyāṇiyā mātā』 kalyāṇīmātā.

Kvacippaccaye-.

Bhāsitapumitthi paccaye kvaci pumeva hoti; vyattatarā, vyyattatamā.

Sabbādayo vuttimatte-.

Itthivācakā sabbādayo vuttimatte pumeva honti; tassā mukhaṃ』 tammukhaṃ; tassaṃ tatra; tāya tato; tassaṃvelāyaṃ tadā.

Chāyāya jayaṃ patimhi-.

Patimhi pare jāyāya jayaṃ hoti; jayampatī–-jānipatītipakatantarena siddhaṃ; tathā dampatī jampatīti.

Saññāyamudodakassa-.

Saññāyamudakassuttarapade udādeso hoti; udadhī; udapānaṃ.

Kumbhādisuvā-.

Kumbhādasuttarapadesu udakassa udādeso vā hoti; udakumbho, udakakumbho; udapatto, udakapatto; udabindu, ukabindu–-ākatigaṇo』yaṃ.

Sotādisūlopo-.

Sotādisuttarapadesuudakassa ussalopo hoti; dakasotaṃ; dakarakkhaso.

Ṭa nañssa-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在數詞作後分時"para"成為"o";"過百","過千" - 為什麼說"在數中"?"依他施活命者"。 在"jana"作後分時"puthu"成為"u";"此人為聖者所別"故為"凡夫"。 "cha"在"aha"和"āyatana"中可選成"sa": 在"aha"和"āyatana"作後分時"cha"可選成為"sa";"六日","六日";"六處","六處"。 "latu"、"pitu"等成"āra"和"aṅa": 以"latu"後綴結尾和"pitu"等在後分中依次可選成為"āra"和"aṅa";"見導師";"作者說明";"死和父" - 因說"可選" - "見師";"父母"。 "vijjā"、"yoni"關係在那些中在物義中成"ā": "latu"、"pitu"等的"vijjā"關係和"yoni"關係在那些"latu"、"pitu"等有"vijjā"、"yoni"關係作後分的物義範圍中成為"ā";"父祖";"父母" - 因說"latu"、"pitu"等 - "子兄";為什麼說"在那些中"?"父祖父";為什麼說"物義"?"母兄";為什麼說"vijjā"、"yoni"關係?"與施者兄弟"。 在"putta"中: 在"putta"作後分的物義範圍中"latu"、"pitu"等的"vijjā"、"yoni"關係成為"ā";"父子";"母子"。 在"ci"中: 在以"ci"後綴結尾作後分中成為"ā";"發發";"拳拳"。 在女性中已說男性的女性在同義中如男性: 在女性中現起的同義同格的後分之前,已說男性的女性如男性;"俱盧妻";"長脛";"年輕妻" - 為什麼說"在女性中"?"善為主的他們"成"善主";為什麼說"已說男性"?"童女妻";為什麼說"女性"?"他有村長見"成"村長見";為什麼說"同義"?"善女母"成"善母"。 有時在後綴中: 已說男性的女性在後綴中有時如男性;"更明智","最明智"。 "sabba"等僅在用法中: 表示女性的"sabba"等僅在用法中如男性;"她的面"成"那面";"在她"成"在那";"以她"成"從那";"在她時"成"那時"。 "jāyā"在"pati"前成"jaya": 在"pati"之前"jāyā"成為"jaya";"夫妻" - "jānipati"由其他規則成立;如是"dampati"、"jampati"。 在名稱中"udaka"成"uda": 在名稱中"udaka"在後分中成為"uda";"海";"井"。 在"kumbha"等中可選: 在"kumbha"等作後分中"udaka"可選成為"uda";"水瓶","水瓶";"水缽","水缽";"水滴","水滴" - 這是形式集。 在"sota"等中脫落"u": 在"sota"等作後分中"udaka"的"u"脫落;"水流";"水羅剎"。 "ṭa"對"nañ":

Uttarapadenañsaddassa ṭa hoti; abrāhmaṇo –-ñakāro kiṃ, kevalassamā hotu; pāmanaputto.

Ana sare-.

Sarādo uttarapade nañsaddassaana hoti; anakkhātaṃ.

2 Ñakāroti-sabbattha.

Nakhādayo-.

Nakhādayo saddā akataṭādesā nipaccante;』nāssa khamatthiti』 nakho; akhamaññaṃ–-saññāsaddesu ca nipphattimattaṃ yathākathaci kattabbaṃ.』

Nāssa kulamatthi』ti nakulo; akulamaññaṃ; nakha nakula napuṃsaka nakkhatta nāka evamādi.

Nago vāppāṇini-.

Nagैccappāṇini vā nipaccate; nagā, rukkhā; nagā, pabbatā; agā, rukkhā; agā pabbatā–-appāṇinīti -kiṃ? Ago vasalo sītena.

Sahassa so』ññatthe-.

Aññapadatthavuttimhi samāse uttarapade pare sahassa so vā hoti; saputto, sahaputto; aññattheti-kiṃ? Sahakatvā sahayujjhitvā.

Saññāyaṃ-.

Sahassuttarapade so heti saññāyaṃ; sāssatthaṃ; sapalāsaṃ.

Apaccakkhe-.

Apaccakkhe gamyamāne sahassa so hotuttarapade; sāggi, kapoto; sapisāvā, vātamaṇḍalikā.

Akāle sakatthe-.

Sakatthappadhānassa sahasaddassa akāle uttarapade so hoti; sampannaṃ brahmaṃ sabrahmaṃ; sacakkaṃ nidhehi, sadhuraṃ–-akāleti-kiṃ? Sahapubbanahaṃ, sahāparanhaṃ.

Ganthāntādhikye-.

Ganthānte ādhikya cैa vattamānassa sahassa so hotuttarapade; sakalaṃ jotimadhīte; samuhuttaṃ–-kālattho ārambho; ādhikye-sadoṇā khārī; samāsako kahāpaṇo; niccattho』yamāramho.

Samānassa pakkhādisu vā-.

Pakkhādisuttarapadesu samānassaso hoti vā; sapakkho, samānapakkho; sajoti, samānajoti–-pakkhādisūti-kiṃ? Samānasīlo; pakkha joti janapada ratti pattinī pattī nābhī bandhu brahmacārī nāma gotta rūpa ṭhānavaṇṇa vayo vacana dhamma jātiya ghacca.

Udare iye-.

Udare iyapare parato samānassa so vā hoti; sodariyo; samānodariyo–-iyeti-kiṃ? Samānodarataṃ.

Rīrikkhakesu-.

Etesusamānassa so hoti; sarī; sarikkho; sariso.

Sabbādinamā-.

Rīrikkhakesusabbādīnamā hoti; yādī, yādikkho, yādiso.

Ntakimimānaṃ ṭākīṭī-.

Rīrikkhakesu ntasaddakiṃsaddैmasaddānaṃ ṭākīṭī honti yathākkamaṃ; bhavādī, bhavādikkho, bhavādiso; kīdī, kīdikkho, kīdiso; īdī, īdikkho, īdiso.

Tumhāmbhānaṃ tāmekasmiṃ-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在後分中"nañ"詞成為"ṭa";"非婆羅門" - "ñ"音為什麼,讓單獨的成為"mā";"非摩那子"。 在元音前成"ana": 在以元音開始的後分前"nañ"詞成為"ana";"未說"。 "ñ"音 - 在一切處。 "nakha"等: "nakha"等詞不做"ṭa"替換而固定;"對他無忍"故為"nakha";"非忍他" - 在名稱詞中也應以某種方式做成就方式。 "他無家"故為"nakula";"非家他";"指甲"、"獺"、"中性"、"星宿"、"天"等如是。 "naga"在非生物中可選: "naga"在非生物中可選固定;"樹木","樹木";"山","山";"樹木","樹木";"山","山" - 為什麼說"非生物"?"賤民因寒無去處"。 "saha"在其他義中成"sa": 在表示其他詞義的複合詞中在後分前"saha"可選成為"sa";"與子","與子" - 為什麼說"其他義"?"一同做","一同戰"。 在名稱中: 在後分前"saha"在名稱中成為"sa";"有義";"有葉"。 在非現見中: 當表示非現見時"saha"在後分前成為"sa";"如火鴿";"如毗舍阇風圈"。 在非時中在自義中: 以自義為主的"saha"詞在非時後分前成為"sa";"具梵為具梵";"放置具輪","具軸" - 為什麼說"非時"?"同前午","同后午"。 在量末和過量中: 在量末和過量中現起的"saha"在後分前成為"sa";"學全明";"同時" - 時義開始;在過量中 - "一斗等一佉梨";"一摩沙迦等一迦利沙槃那";這是常義開始。 "samāna"在"pakkha"等中可選: 在"pakkha"等作後分中"samāna"可選成為"sa";"同黨","同黨";"同光","同光" - 為什麼說"在'pakkha'等中"?"同戒";黨、光、地方、夜、步行者、步行者、臍、親屬、梵行、名、種姓、色、處、顏色、年齡、言語、法、種、生。 在"udara"前有"iya": 在"udara"前有"iya"時"samāna"可選成為"sa";"同腹";"同腹" - 為什麼說"有'iya'"?"同腹性"。 在"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka"中: 在這些中"samāna"成為"sa";"類似";"類似";"類似"。 "sabba"等成"ā": 在"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka"中"sabba"等成為"ā";"如何","如何","如何"。 "nta"、"kiṃ"、"ima"成"ṭā"、"kī"、"ṭī": 在"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka"中"nta"詞、"kiṃ"詞和"ima"詞依次成為"ṭā"、"kī"、"ṭī";"如有","如有","如有";"如何","如何","如何";"如是","如是","如是"。 "tumha"和"ambha"在單數中成"tā":

Rīrikkhakesu tumhāmhānaṃ tāmā hontekasmiṃ yathākkamaṃ; tādī, tādikkho, tādiso;mādī, mādikkho, mādiso; –-ekasminti-kiṃ? Tumhādī, amhādī, tumhādikkho, amhādikkho, tumhādiso, amhādiso.

Taṃmamaññatra-.

Rīrikkhakantato』ññasmiṃ uttarapade tumhāmhāname kasmiṃ taṃmaṃ honti yathākkamaṃ; tandīpā; mandīpā; taṃ saraṇā, maṃsaraṇā; tayyogo mayyogoti-bindulopo.

Vetasseṭa-.

Rīrikkhakesvetasseṭa vā hoti; edī, etādī; edikkho, etādikkho; ediso, etādiso.

Vidhādisu dvissa du-.

Dvissa du hoti vidhādisu; duvidho, dupaṭṭaṃ; evamādi.

Di guṇādisu-.

Guṇādisu dvissa di hoti; diguṇaṃ, dirattaṃ, digu; evamādi

Tisva-.

Tīsu dvissa a hoti; dvattikkhattuṃ, dvattipattapūrā.

Ā saṃkhyāyāsatādo』naññatthe-.

Saṃkhyāyamuttarapade dvissaā hotasadādo』naññatthe; dvādasa, dvāvīsati, dvattiṃsa; saṃkhyāyanti-kiṃ?』Dirattaṃ; asatādoti-kiṃ? Dvisataṃ, dvisahassaṃ; anaññattheti-kiṃ?Dvidasā.

Tisse-.

Saṃkhyāyamuttarapade tissa ehotasatādo』naññatthe; terasa, tevisa, tettiṃsa–-saṃkhyāyantveva-tirattaṃ; asatādotveva-tisataṃ; anaññatthetveva-tivatukā.

Cattālisādo vā-.

Tissevā hoti cattālīsādo; tecattālīsa, ticattālīsa; tepaññāsa, tipaññāsa; tesaṭṭhi, tisaṭṭhi; tesattati, tīsattatī; tñasīti, tiyāsīti; tenavuti, tinavuti–-asatādotveva-tisataṃ.

Dvissā ca-.

Asatādo』naññatthe cattālīsādo dvisse vā hoti āva dvecattālīsaṃ, dvācattāsaṃ, dvicattālīsaṃ; dvepaññāsaṃ, dvāpaññāsaṃ, dvipaññāsaṃ; iccādi.

Bācattālisādo-.

Dvissa bā vā hotacattālīsādo』naññatthe; bārasa, dvādasa; bāvīsati, dvāvīsati; battiṃsa, dvattiṃsa–-acattālīsādoti-kiṃ? Dvicattālīsa.

Dvisatidasesu pañcassa paṇṇupannā -.

Vīsatidasesu paresu pañcassa paṇṇupannā honti vā yathākkamaṃ; paṇṇuvīsati, pañcavīsati;pannarasa, pañcadasa.

Catussa cuto dase-.

Catussa cuco honti vā dasasadde pare; cuddasa, coddasa, catuddasa.

Chassa so-.

Chassa so iccayamādeso hoti dasasadde pare; soḷasa.

Ekaṭṭhānamā-.

Ekaaṭṭhānaṃ ā hoti dase pare; ekādasa, aṭṭhārasa.

Ra saṃkhyāto vā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka"中"tumha"和"amha"在單數中依次成為"tā"和"mā";"如汝","如汝","如汝";"如我","如我","如我" - 為什麼說"在單數中"?"如你們","如我們","如你們","如我們","如你們","如我們"。 在其他處成"taṃ"和"maṃ": 在"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka"之外的後分中"tumha"和"amha"在單數中依次成為"taṃ"和"maṃ";"汝洲";"我洲";"汝歸依","我歸依";"汝瑜伽","我瑜伽" - 脫落鼻音。 "eta"可選成"eṭa": 在"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka"中"eta"可選成為"eṭa";"如是","如是";"如是","如是";"如是","如是"。 在"vidha"等中"dvi"成"du": "dvi"在"vidha"等中成為"du";"二種","二布";如是等。 在"guṇa"等中成"di": 在"guṇa"等中"dvi"成為"di";"二倍","二夜","二牛";如是等。 在"ti"中成"a": 在"ti"中"dvi"成為"a";"二三次","二三缽滿"。 在數中從"sata"前在非他義中成"ā": 在數中作後分從"sata"前"dvi"在非他義中成為"ā";"十二","二十二","三十二" - 為什麼說"在數中"?"二夜";為什麼說"從'sata'前"?"二百","二千";為什麼說"在非他義中"?"二十"。 "ti"成"e": 在數中作後分從"sata"前"ti"在非他義中成為"e";"十三","二十三","三十三" - 仍說"在數中" - "三夜";仍說"從'sata'前" - "三百";仍說"在非他義中" - "三子"。 從"cattālīsa"前可選: "ti"從"cattālīsa"前可選成為"e";"四十三","四十三";"五十三","五十三";"六十三","六十三";"七十三","七十三";"八十三","八十三";"九十三","九十三" - 仍說"從'sata'前" - "三百"。 "dvi"也: 從"sata"前在非他義中從"cattālīsa"前"dvi"可選成為"ā";"四十二","四十二","四十二";"五十二","五十二","五十二";如是等。 從"cattālīsa"前成"bā": "dvi"從"cattālīsa"前在非他義中可選成為"bā";"十二","十二";"二十二","二十二";"三十二","三十二" - 為什麼說"非從'cattālīsa'前"?"四十二"。 在"vīsati"和"dasa"中"pañca"成"paṇṇu"和"pannā": 在"vīsati"和"dasa"之後"pañca"依次可選成為"paṇṇu"和"pannā";"二十五","二十五";"十五","十五"。 "catu"在"dasa"前成"cu": "catu"在"dasa"詞前可選成為"cu";"十四","十四","十四"。 "cha"成"so": "cha"在"dasa"詞前成為此"so"替換;"十六"。 "eka"和"aṭṭha"成"ā": "eka"和"aṭṭha"在"dasa"后成為"ā";"十一","十八"。 從數可選成"ra":

Saṃkhyāto parassa dasassara hoti vibhāsā; ekārasa, ekādasa; bārasa, dvādasa; pannarasa, pañcadasa; sattarasa, sattadasa; aṭṭhārasa, aṭṭhādasa–-pannabādesesu niccaṃ, idha na hoti catuddasa.

Chatīhi ḷo ca-

Chatīhi parassa dasassa ḷo hoti ro ca; soḷasa, sorasa; teḷasa, terasa.

Catutthatatiyānamaḍḍhuḍḍhatiyā-.

Aḍḍhā paresaṃ catutthatatiyānaṃ uḍḍhatiyā honti yathākkamaṃ;』aḍḍhana catuttho』 aḍḍhuḍḍho,』aḍḍhena tatiyo』 aḍḍhatiyo–-kathaṃ?Aḍḍhateyyoti-sakatthe ṇye uttara padavuddhi.

Dutiyassa saha diyaḍḍhadivaḍḍhā-.

Aḍḍhā parassa dutiyassa sahaaḍḍhasaddena diyaḍḍhadivaḍḍhā honti;』 aḍḍhena dutiyo』 diyaḍḍho, divaḍḍho vā.

Sare kada kussuntaratthe-.

Kussuttarapadatthe vattamānassa sarādo uttarapade kadā desohoti; kadannaṃ, kadasanaṃ–-sareti-kiṃ? Kuputto; uttarattheti-kiṃ? Kuoṭṭho; rājā.

Kāppatthe-.

Appatthe vattamānassa kussakā hotuttarapadatthe;』appakaṃ lavaṇaṃ』 kālavaṇaṃ.

Purisevā-.

Kussa purisekā hoti vā; kāpuriso, kupuriso–-ayamappattavibhāsā–-appatthe tupubbenaniccaṃhoti;』īsaṃ puriso』 kāpuriso.

Pubbādīhuttarapadassaahassa anhādeso hoti; pubbanho; aparanho; ajajanho; sāyanho; majjhanho.

Iti moggallāne vyākaraṇe vuttiyaṃ samāsakaṇḍo tatiyo.

Chaṭṭhiyantā nāmasmā vā ṇappaccayo hotapacce』bhidheye; ṇakāro vuddhyattho; evamaññatrāpi,』vasiṭṭhassāpaccaṃ』 vāsiṭṭho, vāsiṭṭhī vā; opagavo, opagavī vā –-veti-vākya samāsavikappatthaṃ tassādhikāro sakatthāvadhi.

Vacchāditoṇānaṇāyanā-.

Vacchādīhi apaccappaccayantehi hottādīhica saddehi ṇānaṇāyanappaccayā vā hontapacce. Vacchāno vacchāyano; kaccāno, kaccāyano–-yāgame-kātiyāno; moggallāno, moggallāyano; sākaṭāno, sākaṭāyano; kaṇbhāno, kaṇbhāyano; iccādi.

Kattikādīhi vidhavādīhi ca ṇeyyaṇerā vā yathākkamaṃ hontapacce. Kattikeyyo. Venateyyo; bhāgīneyyo iccādi–-vedhavero; vandhakero; nāḷikero; sāmaṇero iccādi.

Ṇya diccādīhi-.

Ditippabhutīhi ṇyo vā hotapacce. Decco; ādicco; koṇḍañño; gaggyo; bhātabbo; iccādi

Ā ṇi-.

Akārantato ṇi vā hotapacce dakkhi; doṇi; vāsavi; vāruṇiccādi.

Rājato ñño jātiyaṃ-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從數后"dasa"可選成"ra";"十一","十一";"十二","十二";"十五","十五";"十七","十七";"十八","十八" - 在"panna"和"bā"替換中必然,此處"十四"不發生。 從"cha"和"ti"也成"ḷa": 從"cha"和"ti"后"dasa"成為"ḷa"和"ra";"十六","十六";"十三","十三"。 第四和第三成"aḍḍhuḍḍha"和"tiya": "aḍḍha"后第四和第三依次成為"uḍḍha"和"tiya";"以半為第四"成"三又半","以半為第三"成"二又半" - 如何?"二又半" - 在自義中因"ṇya"後分增長。 第二與"saha"成"diyaḍḍha"和"divaḍḍha": "aḍḍha"后第二與"aḍḍha"詞成為"diyaḍḍha"和"divaḍḍha";"以半為第二"成"一又半",或"一又半"。 在元音前"ku"在後分義中成"kada": 表示後分義的"ku"在以元音開始的後分前成為"kada"替換;"惡食","惡食" - 為什麼說"元音"?"惡子";為什麼說"後分義"?"惡崩";"王"。 在少義中: 表示少義的"ku"在後分義中成為"kā";"少鹽"成"少鹽"。 在"purisa"中可選: "ku"在"purisa"中可選成為"kā";"劣人","劣人" - 這是非少義可選 - 但在少義中前面必然發生;"稍人"成"劣人"。 從"pubba"等後分的"aha"成為"anha"替換;"前午";"后午";"今日午";"晚午";"中午"。 如是摩揭羅衍那文法釋文中複合篇第三。 從屬格語尾名詞可選加"ṇa"後綴表示後裔;"ṇ"音為增長義;如是在其他處也,"婆私吒的後裔"成"婆私吒",或"婆私吒女";"優婆伽婆",或"優婆伽婆女" - 說"或"為句、複合、選擇義,其主權至自義。 從"vaccha"等加"ṇāna"、"ṇa"、"āyana": 從"vaccha"等有後裔後綴詞和從"ta"等詞可選加"ṇāna"、"ṇa"、"āyana"後綴表示後裔。"瓦車那","瓦車亞那";"迦車那","迦車亞那" - 在"ya"新增中 - "迦底亞那";"目揵連那","目揵連亞那";"娑迦吒那","娑迦吒亞那";"甘婆那","甘婆亞那";如是等。 從"kattika"等和從"vidhava"等依次可選加"ṇeyya"和"ṇera"表示後裔。"迦提迦耶","毗那多耶";"姐妹子"如是等 - "寡婦子";"宦官子";"那利克拉子";"沙彌"如是等。 從"diti"等加"ṇya": 從"diti"等可選加"ṇya"表示後裔。"帝支";"阿迪支";"拘鄰";"伽耆";"婆羅多";如是等。 從"a"結尾加"ṇi": 從以"a"結尾可選加"ṇi"表示後裔"達叉";"陀尼";"婆私";"婆樓尼"如是等。 從"rāja"在種姓中成"ñña":

Rājasaddato ñño vā hotapacce jātiyaṃ gamyamānāyaṃ. Rājañño–-jātiyanti kiṃ?Rājāpaccaṃ.

Khattā yiyā-. Khattasaddā yeyā hontapacce jātiyaṃ khatyo; khattiyo jātiyayantve-khatti.

Manuto ssasaṇi-.

Manusaddato jātiyaṃ ssasaṇa hontapacce. Manusso; mānuso? Itthiyaṃ-manussā; mānusī–-jātiyantveva-māṇavo.

Janapadanāmasmā khattiyā rañño ca ṇo-.

Janapadassa yaṃ nāmaṃ tannāmasmā khattiyāpacce raññova ṇo hoti. Pañcālo; kosalo; māgadho; okkāko–-janapadanāmasmāti-kiṃ? Dāsarathi; khattiyāti-kiṃ?』Pañcālassa brāhmaṇassāpaccaṃ』 pañcāla.

Ṇya kurusivīhī-.

Kurusivīhapacce raññe ca ṇyo hoti; korabyo sebyo.

Ṇa rāgā tena rattaṃ-.

Rāgavācitatiyantato rattamiccetasmiṃ atthe ṇo hoti』kasāvena rattaṃ』 kāsāvaṃ;kosumbhaṃ; hāliddaṃ–-rāgāti kiṃ? Devadattena rattaṃ vatthaṃ; idha kasmā nahoti? Nīlaṃ pītanti–-guṇavacanattā vināpi ṇena ṇatthassābhidhānato.

Nakkhatteninduyuttena kāle-.

Tatiyantato nakkhattā tena lakkhite kāle ṇo hoti; taṃ ce nakkhantaminduyuttaṃ hoti. Phussī, rattī; phusso, aho–-nakkhatteneti-kiṃ? Gurunā lakkhitā ratti; indu yanutteneti-kiṃ? Kattikāya lakkhito muhutto; kāleti-kiṃ? Phussenalakkhitā atthasiddhi–-ajjakattikāti kattikā yutte cande kattikāsaddo vattate.

Sāssa devatā puṇṇamaṃsi-.

Seti paṭhamantā assāti chaṭṭhatthe ṇo bhavati yaṃ paṭhamantaṃ sā ve devatā puṇṇamāsī vā.』Sugato devatā assā』ti sogato; māhindo; yāmo; vāruṇo; phussī puṇṇamāsī assa sambandhinī』ti phusso, māgho; māgho; phagguno; citto; vesākho;peṭṭhamulo; āsāḷho; sāvaṇo; poṭṭhapādo; assayujo; kattiko; māgasiro–-puṇṇamāsīti-kiṃ, phussi pañcamī assa–-puṇṇamāsīva gatakamāsasambandhinī na hoti;』puṇṇo mā assanti』 nibbacanā–-ato eva nipātanā ṇo, sāgamo ca, māsasutīyāva napapañcadasarattādo vidhi.

Tamadhīte taṃ jānāti kaṇikā ca-.

Dutiyantato tamadhīte taṃ jānātīti etesphatthesuṇo hoti ko ṇikova.』 Vyākaraṇamadhīte jānāti vā』 veyyākaraṇo; chāndaso; kamako; padako; venayiko; suttantiko–-dvitaggahaṇaṃ puthageva vidhānatthaṃ jānanassaca ajjhenavisayabhāvadassanatthaṃ pasimbupasaṃgahatthañca.

Tassa visaye dese.-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"rāja"詞在表示種姓時可選成為"ñña"表示後裔。"王族" - 為什麼說"在種姓中"?"王的後裔"。 從"khatta"成"ya"和"iya": 從"khatta"詞在種姓中成為"ya"和"iya"表示後裔;"剎帝利";"剎帝利" - 但在女性中 - "剎帝利女"。 從"manu"成"ssa"和"saṇa": 從"manu"詞在種姓中成為"ssa"和"saṇa"表示後裔。"人";"人類";在女性中 - "人女";"人女" - 仍在種姓中 - "青年"。 從國名對剎帝利和王加"ṇa": 凡是國的名稱,從該名稱對剎帝利後裔和王單獨加"ṇa"。"般遮羅";"憍薩羅";"摩揭陀";"甘蔗" - 為什麼說"從國名"?"車王后裔";為什麼說"剎帝利"?"般遮羅婆羅門的後裔"成"般遮羅"。 對"kuru"和"sivi"加"ṇya": 對"kuru"和"sivi"後裔和王加"ṇya";"拘樓","尸毗"。 從染色在"以彼染"義中加"ṇa": 從表示染色的從格詞在"以彼染"此義中加"ṇa";"以袈裟染"成"袈裟";"拘蘇摩";"鬱金" - 為什麼說"染色"?"被提婆達多染的衣";為什麼此處不加?"青","黃" - 因為是品質語,即使沒有"ṇa"也表示"ṇa"義。 從星宿在與月相應的時間中: 從從格星宿在以彼標示的時間中加"ṇa",若該星宿與月相應。"弗沙夜";"弗沙日" - 為什麼說"從星宿"?"以師標示的夜";為什麼說"與月相應"?"以迦提迦標示的時刻";為什麼說"時間"?"以弗沙標示的義成就" - "今日迦提迦"中"迦提迦"詞用於月相應時。 "彼的神"在滿月中: "sa"即主格,"assa"即屬格義中加"ṇa",其主格實為神或滿月。"善逝是彼的神"故"善逝";"因陀羅";"閻摩";"婆樓那";"滿月是彼的相屬"故"弗沙";"磨伽";"磨伽";"頗勒婁那";"質多羅";"毗舍佉";"阇耶娑";"阿沙荼";"舍羅婆那";"般遮缽頭";"阿濕婆庾阇";"迦提迦";"磨伽尸羅" - 為什麼說"滿月"?"第五日是彼的" - 不是滿月所屬的月;因說"滿月是彼"- 因此固定加"ṇa"和"sa"新增,對月的三種只從十五夜等規定。 "彼學"、"彼知"和"kaṇika"也: 從賓格在"彼學"、"彼知"此等義中加"ṇa",而"ka"只加"ṇika"。"學或知文法"成"文法師";"誦習者";"業者";"句者";"律師";"經師" - 取"二"為分別規定義,且顯示"知"不是學習範圍,且包含"pasimbu"。 在彼的境域:

Chaṭhiyantā visaye desarūpe ṇo hoti.』Vasātīnaṃ visayo deso』vāsāto–-deseti kiṃ? Cakkhussa visayo rūpaṃ, devadattassa visayo』nuvāko.

Nivāse tannāme-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā nivāse dese tannāme ṇo hoti;』sivīnaṃ nivāso desosebyo; vāsāto.

Adūrabhave-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā adūrabhave desetannāme ṇo hoti;』vidasāya adurabhavaṃ』 vedisaṃ.

Tenatibbatte-.

Tatiyantā nibbatte desetannāme ṇo hoti; kusambena nibbattā kosambī, nagarī; kākandī, mākandī,』sahassena nibbattā』 sāhassī, parikhā–-hetumhi kattarikaraṇe ca yathāyogaṃ tatiyā.

Tamidhatthi-.

Tanti paṭhamantā idhāti sattamyatthe dese tannāme ṇo hoti, yantaṃ paṭhamantamatthi ce;』udumbarā asmiṃ dese santī』ti odumbaro, bādaro, babbajo.

Tatra bhave-.

Sattamyantā bhavatthe ṇo hoti;』udake bhavo』odako, oraso, jānapado, māgadho, kāpilavatthavo, kosambo.

Ajjādīhi tato-.

Bhavatthe ajjādīhi tano hoti;』ajja bhavo』 ajjatano, svātano, hiyyattano.

Purāto ṇo ca-.

Purā iccasmā bhavatthe ṇo hoti tano ca; purāṇo, purātano.

Amātthacco-. Amāsaddato acco hoti bhavatthe; amacco.

Majjhāditvimo-.

Majjhādīhi sattamyantehi bhavatthe imo hoti; majjhimo, antimo–-majkjdhaanta heṭṭhā upari ora pāra pacchā abbhantara paccanta.

Kaṇṇeyyaṇeyyakayiyā-.

Sattamyantā ete paccayā honti bhavatthe; kaṇa-』kusinārāyaṃ bhavo』 kosinārako, māgadhako, āraññake, vihāro–-ṇeyya-gaṅgeyyo, pabbateyyo, vāneyeyyā–-ṇeyyaka-koleyyako, bārāṇaseyyako, campeyyako; mithileyyakoti-eyyako–-ya-gammo, dibbo; iyagāmiyo, udariyo, diviyo, pañcāliyo, bodhapakkhīyo, lokiyo.

Ṇiko-.

Sattamyantā bhavatthe ṇiko hoti; sāradiko, divaso; sāradikā, ratti.

Tamassa sippaṃ sīlaṃ paṇyaṃ paharaṇaṃ payojanaṃ-.

Paṭhamantā sippādivācakā asseti chaḍhatthe ṇiko hoti;』vīṇāvādanaṃ sippamassa』 veṇiko, modaṅgiko, vaṃsiko;』paṃsukūladhāraṇaṃ sīlamassa』 paṃsukūliko, tecīvariko;』gandhopaṇyamassa』 gandhiko, teliko, goḷiko』cāpo paharaṇamassa』 cāpiko, tomariko, muggariko;』upadhippa yojanamassa』 opadhikaṃ, sātikaṃ, sāhassikaṃ.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從屬格在境域形處加"ṇa";"婆娑眾的境域處"成"婆娑處" - 為什麼說"處"?"眼的境域色","提婆達多的境域讀誦"。 在居所該名中: 從屬格在居所處該名中加"ṇa";"尸毗眾的居所處"成"尸毗處";"婆娑處"。 在不遠處: 從屬格在不遠處該名中加"ṇa";"毗陀婆的不遠處"成"毗提舍"。 在由彼生中: 從從格在產生處該名中加"ṇa";"由拘睒婆生"成"拘睒毗城";"迦甘提","摩甘提","由千生"成"千生溝" - 在因和作者具中依適宜用從格。 "彼在此": "彼"即主格,"此"即處格義中在該名處加"ṇa",若有該主格;"此處有優曇缽羅"故"優曇缽羅","波達羅","波跋阇"。 在彼處有: 從處格在有義中加"ṇa";"在水中有"成"水生","胸生","國民","摩揭陀","迦毗羅衛","拘睒婆"。 從"ajja"等加"tana": 在有義中從"ajja"等加"tana";"今有"成"今日","明日","昨日"。 從"purā"加"ṇa"和: 從"purā"在有義中加"ṇa"和"tana";"古","古"。 從"amā"加"acca": 從"amā"詞在有義中加"acca";"大臣"。 從"majjha"等加"ima": 從"majjha"等處格在有義中加"ima";"中","末" - "中"、"下"、"上"、"近"、"遠"、"后"、"內"、"邊"。 "kaṇa"、"eyya"、"ṇeyya"、"ka"、"ya"、"iya": 從處格加這些後綴在有義中;"kaṇa" - "在拘尸那羅有"成"拘尸那羅","摩揭陀","阿蘭若","精舍" - "ṇeyya" - "恒河","山","林" - "ṇeyyaka" - "俱利","波羅奈","瞻波";"彌梯羅"成"eyyaka" - "ya" - "村","天";"iya" - "村","腹","天","般遮羅","菩提分","世間"。 "ṇika": 從處格在有義中加"ṇika";"秋",日;"秋",夜。 "彼的工藝、戒行、商品、武器、目的": 從表示工藝等的主格對"assa"即屬格義中加"ṇika";"琵琶演奏是彼的工藝"成"琵琶師","鼓手","笛手";"持糞掃衣是彼的戒行"成"糞掃衣者","三衣者";"香是彼的商品"成"香商","油商","球商";"弓是彼的武器"成"弓師","矛師","棒師";"資具是彼的目的"成"資具者","百者","千者"。

Taṃ hantarahati gacchatuñchati carati-. Dutiyantā hantīti evamādisvatthesu ṇiko hoti; pakkhīhi-』pakkhino hantī』ti pakkhiko, sākuṇiko, māyuriko–-macchehi- macchiko, meniko–-migehi māgaviko, hāriṇiko, - sūkarikoti- iko;』satamarahatī』ti sātikaṃ, sandiṭṭhikaṃ;』ehi passa vidhiṃ rahatī』ti ehipassiko, sāhassiko–-sahassiyotīdha iyo;』paradāraṃ gacchatī』ti pāradāriko, maggiko, paññāsayojaniko;』 badare uñchatī』ti bādariko, sāmākiko;』dhammaṃ caratī』ti dhammiko, adhammiko.

Tena kataṃ kītaṃ baddhamahisaṅkhataṃ saṃsaḍhaṃ hataṃ hanti jitaṃ jayati dibbati khaṇati tarati carati vahati jivati-.

Tatiyantā katādisvatthesu ṇiko hoti;』kāyena kataṃ』 kāyikaṃ, vācasikaṃ, mānasikaṃ;』vātenakato ābādho』 vātiko–-』satena kītaṃ』 sātikaṃ, sāhassikaṃ, mūlatova-devadattena kītoti na hoti tadatthāppatītiyā–-』varattāya baddho』 vārattiko, āyasiko, pāsiko; –-』ghatena abhisaṅkhataṃ saṃsaṭṭhaṃ vā』 ghātikaṃ, goḷikaṃ, dādhikaṃ, māricikaṃ–-』jālena hato hantīti vā』 jāliko, bāḷisiko–-』akkhohi jita』makkhikaṃ, sālākikaṃ–-』akkhehi jayati dibbati vā』 akkhiko–-』khaṇittiyā khaṇatī』ti khāṇittiko, kuddāliko-devadattena jitamaṅgulyā khaṇatīti na hoti tadatthā navagamā–-』uḷumpena taratī』ti oḷumpiko; uḷumpikoti-iko; gopucchiko; nāviko–-』sakaṭena caratī』ti sākaṭiko. Rathiko–-parappikoti iko-』khandhena vahatī』ti khandhiko, aṃsiko; sīsikoti-iko–-』vetatena jīvatī』ti khandhiko, aṃsiko; sīsikoti-iko–-』vetanena jīvatī』ti vetaniko, bhatiko, kayiko, vikkayiko; kayavikkayayikoti-iko.

Tassa saṃvattati-.

Catutthyantā saṃvattati asmiṃ atthe ṇiko hoti;』punabbhavāya saṃvattatī』ti ponobhaviko, itthiyaṃ-ponobhavikā;』lokāya saṃvattatī』ti lokiko,』 suṭṭhu aggo』ti saggo,』saggāya saṃvattatī』ti sovaggiko, sassāvैka tadaminādi pāṭhā–-』dhanāya saṃvattatī』ti dhaññaṃ-yo.

Tato sambhutamāgataṃ-.

Pañcamyantā sambhutamāgatantietesvatthesu ṇiko hoti;』mātito sambhutamāgatanti vā』 mattikaṃ, pettikaṃ–-ṇyariyaṇryāpi dissanti–-』surabhito sambhutaṃ』 sorabhyaṃ;』thanato sambhutaṃ』 thaññaṃ;』pitito sambhuto』 pettiyo, mātiyo, mattiyo; macco vā.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "彼殺、值得、去、求、行" : 從賓格在"殺"等義中加"ṇika";對鳥 - "殺鳥"故"鳥師","鳥師","孔雀師" - 對魚 - "漁師","魚師" - 對鹿"獵師","鹿師" - "豬師"成"ika";"值百"故"百者","現見者";"來看法值得"故"來見者","千者" - 此處"千者"成"iya";"往他妻"故"姦夫","道者","五十由旬者";"在檳果求"故"檳果者","糠者";"行法"故"法者","非法者"。 "由彼作、買、縛、調製、混合、殺、殺、勝、贏、賭、掘、渡、行、運、活": 從從格在"作"等義中加"ṇika";"由身作"成"身業","語業","意業";"由風作的病"成"風病" - "以百買"成"百者","千者",只從本 - "被提婆達多買"則不成因不能理解該義 - "以皮帶縛"成"皮帶者","鐵者","網者";"由酥調製或混合"成"酥者","球者","酪者","胡椒者" - "以網殺或殺"故"網者","釣者" - "以骰子勝"成"骰子者","簽者" - "以骰子贏或賭"故"骰子者" - "以鋤掘"故"鋤者","鏟者" - "被提婆達多勝以指掘"則不成因不理解該義 - "以筏渡"故"筏者";"筏者"成"ika";"牛尾者";"舟者" - "以車行"故"車者","車者" - "相從者"成"ika" - "以肩運"故"肩者","肩者";"頭者"成"ika" - "以工資活"故"工資者","雇者","買者","賣者";"買賣者"成"ika"。 "對彼轉": 從與格在"轉"此義中加"ṇika";"轉于再有"故"再有者",在女性中 - "再有者女";"轉於世間"故"世間者","善上"故"天","轉于天"故"趣天者","趣谷者" - 依此等讀法 - "轉于財"故"財" - "ya"。 "從彼生、來": 從從格在"生"、"來"此等義中加"ṇika";"從母生或來"故"母性","父性" - 也見"ṇya"、"ariya"、"ṇrya" - "從香生"成"香性";"從乳生"成"乳性";"從父生"成"父性","母性","母性";或"死者"。

Tattha vasati vidito bhatto niyutto-.

Sattamyantā vasatītvevamādisvatthesu ṇiko hoti;』rukkhamūle vasatī』ti rukkhamuliko,āraññiko, sosāniko;』loke vidito』 lokiko;』catumahārājesu bhattā』 cātummahārājikā;;dvāre niyutto』 dovāriko; dassoka tadaminādipāṭhā,bhaṇḍāgāriko;-iko navakammiko–-kiyo-jātikiyo, andhakiyo.

Tassidaṃ-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā idamiccasmiṃatthe ṇiko hoti;』saṅghassa idaṃ』 saṅghikaṃ, puggalikaṃ, sakyaputtiko, nāthaputtiko, jenadattiko–-kiye-sakiyo, parakiyo; niye-attaniyaṃ;ke-sako, rājakaṃ, bhaddhaṃ.

Ṇo-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā idamiccasmiṃ atthe ṇo hoti;』kaccāyanassैdaṃ』 kaccāyanaṃ, vyākaraṇaṃ; sogataṃ, sāsanaṃ; māhisaṃ, maṃsādi.

Gavādīhi yo-.

Gavādīhi chaṭṭhiyantehi idamiccasmiṃ atthe yo hoti;』gunnaṃ idaṃ』gabyaṃ, maṃsādi; kabyaṃ, dabbaṃ.

Pitito bhātari reyyaṇa-.

Pitusaddā tassa bhātari reyyaṇa hoti;』pitubhātā』 petteyyo.

Mātito ca bhaginiyaṃ cho-.

Mātito pitito ca tesaṃ bhaginīyaṃ cho hoti;』mātu bhagini』 mātucchā;』pitubhaginī』 pitucchā–-kathaṃ mātulotu?』Mātulāditvānī』ti nipātanā.

Mātāpitusvāmaho-.

Mātāpitūhi tesaṃ mātāpitusvāmaho hoti;』mātumātā』 mātāmahī;』mātupitā』 mātāmaho;』pitumātā』 patāmahī;』pitupitā』 pitāmaho–-na yathāsaṃkhyaṃ paccekābhisambandhā.

Nahite reyyaṇa-.

Mātāpituhi hite reyyaṇa hoti; matteyyo, petteyyo.

Nindāññātappapaṭibhāgarassadayāsaññāsu ko-.

Nindādīsvatthesu nāmasmā ko hoti; nindāyaṃ-muṇḍako, samaṇako; aññāte-』kassāyaṃ asso』ti assako–-

Payogasāmatthiyā sambandhivisesānavagamo』vagamyate–-appatthe-telakaṃ, ghatakaṃ–-paṭibhāgatthe-』hatthi viya』 hatthiko, assako, balivaddako–-rasse-mānusako, rukkhako, pilakkhako–-dayāyaṃ-puttako, vacchako–-saññāyaṃ-』moroviya』 morako.

Tamassa parimāṇaṃ ṇiko ca-.

Paṭhamantā asseti asmiṃ atthe ṇiko hoti ko ca, taṃ ce paṭhamantaṃ parimāṇaṃ bhavati;』parimiyate』tene』ti parimāṇaṃ–-』doṇo parimāṇamassa』 doṇiko, vīhi; khārasatiko, khārasahassiko, āsītiko, vayo; upaḍḍhakāyikaṃ, bimbohanaṃ; pañcakaṃ,chakkaṃ.

Satetehi ttako-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "彼處住、知、敬、任命": 從處格在"住"等義中加"ṇika";"住于樹下"故"樹下者","林者","墓地者";"世間所知"成"世間者";"敬四大王"成"四大王天";"任門"故"門衛";顯明 - 依此等讀法,"庫官" - "ika" - "新作者" - "kiya" - "種姓者","盲者"。 "彼的此": 從屬格在"此"義中加"ṇika";"僧的此"成"僧伽物","個人物","釋迦子物","尼乾子物","勝授物" - "kiya" - "己者","他者";"niya" - "己物";"ka" - "己","王","賢"。 "ṇa": 從屬格在"此"義中加"ṇa";"迦旃延的此"成"迦旃延","文法";"善逝","教法";"水牛","肉"等。 從"go"等加"ya": 從"go"等屬格在"此"義中加"ya";"牛的此"成"牛物",肉等;"詩物","物"。 從"pitu"對兄弟加"reyya"和"ṇa": 從"pitu"詞對彼兄弟加"reyya"和"ṇa";"父之兄弟"成"叔伯"。 從"mātu"對姐妹加"cha": 從"mātu"和"pitu"對彼等姐妹加"cha";"母之姐妹"成"姨母";"父之姐妹"成"姑母" - "母舅"如何?因規定"mātula"等加"āni"。 對父母之父母加"āmaha": 從父母對彼等父母加"āmaha";"母之母"成"外祖母";"母之父"成"外祖父";"父之母"成"祖母";"父之父"成"祖父" - 不依次數各別結合。 對孝順加"reyya"和"ṇa": 從父母對孝順加"reyya"和"ṇa";"孝母","孝父"。 在謗、不知、相似、短、愛和名稱中加"ka": 在謗等義中從名詞加"ka";在謗中 - "禿者","沙門者";在不知中 - "此馬是誰的"故"小馬" - 從用法力量理解特別關係 - 在少義中 - "少油","少酥" - 在相似義中 - "如象"故"小象","小馬","小公牛" - 在短中 - "小人","小樹","小波羅樹" - 在愛中 - "小子","小牛" - 在名稱中 - "如孔雀"故"小孔雀"。 "彼的量"也加"ṇika"和: 從主格對"assa"在此義中加"ṇika"和"ka",若該主格是量;"以彼測量"故為量 - "斗是彼的量"故"斗量",谷;"佉梨百者","佉梨千者","八十者",年齡;"半身",枕頭;"五","六"。 從"sata"等加"ttaka":

Yādīhi paṭhamantehiasseti chaṭṭhatthettako hoti, taṃ ve paṭhamantaṃ parimāṇaṃ bhavati;』yaṃ paramāṇamassa yantakaṃ, tattakaṃ, ettakaṃ; āvatake-yāvatako, tāvatako.

Sabbā cāvantu-.

Sabbato paṭhamantehi yādīhi ca asseti chaṭṭhatthe āvantu hoti, taṃ ve paṭhamantaṃ parimāṇaṃ bhavati;』sabbaṃ parimāṇamassa』 sabbāvantaṃ, yāvantaṃ, tāvantaṃ, etāvantaṃ.

Kimhā ratirivarīvatakarittakā-.

Kimhā paṭhamantā asseti chaṭṭhatthe ratirīvarīvatakarittakā honti, taṃ ce paṭhamantaṃ parimāṇaṃ bhavati;』kiṃ saṃkhyānaṃ parimāṇamesaṃ』 kati, ete; kiva, kīvatakaṃ, kittakaṃ–-rīvanto sabhāvato asaṃkhyo.

Saṃjātaṃ tārakāditvito-.

Tārakādīhi paṭhamantehiasseti chaṭṭhattheito hoti, te ve saṃjātā honti;』tārakāsaṃjātā assa』 tārakitaṃ, gaganaṃ; pupphīto, rukkho; pallavitā, latā.

Māne matto-.

Paṭhamantā mānavuttito asseti asmiṃ atthe mattohoti;』palaṃ ummānamassa』 palamattaṃ,』hattho pamāṇamassa』 hatthamattaṃ,』sataṃ mānamassa』 satamattaṃ,』doṇo parimāṇamassa』 doṇamattaṃ–-abhedopavārā doṇotipi hoti.

Taggho vuddhaṃ-.

Uddhamānavuttito asseti chaṭṭhatthe tagghā hotīmैtto ca; jaṇṇutagghaṃ, jaṇṇumattaṃ.

Ṇo ca purisā-.

Purisā paṭhamantā uddhamānavuttito ṇo hoti mattādayo ca; porisaṃ, purisamattaṃ, purisatagghaṃ.

Ayubhavītīhaṃse-.

Ubavitīhi avayavavuttīhi paṭhamantehi asseti chaṭṭhatthe ayo hoti;』 ubho aṃsā assa』 ubhayaṃ, dvayaṃ, tayaṃ.

Saṃkhyāya saccutīsasadasantādhakāsmiṃ satasahasseḍo-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"ya"等主格對"assa"在屬格義中加"ttaka",若該主格是量;"凡是彼的量"故"若干","如是","是量";在"āvataka"中 - "有多少","有如是"。 "sabba"和"āvantu": 從"sabba"主格和"ya"等對"assa"在屬格義中加"āvantu",若該主格是量;"一切是彼的量"故"一切量","此量","彼量","是量"。 從"kiṃ"加"rati"、"rī"、"varī"、"vataka"、"rittaka": 從"kiṃ"主格對"assa"在屬格義中加"rati"、"rī"、"varī"、"vataka"、"rittaka",若該主格是量;"幾何數是彼等的量"故"幾多","這些";"幾量","幾何量","幾許量" - "rīva"本性上不可數。 "生起"從"tārakā"等加"ita": 從"tārakā"等主格對"assa"在屬格義中加"ita",若彼等是生起;"星已生起于彼"故"佈滿星辰",天空;"開花",樹;"生葉",藤。 在量中加"matta": 從主格表量對"assa"在此義中加"matta";"缽是彼的升量"故"一缽量","臂是彼的量度"故"一臂量","百是彼的量"故"百量","斗是彼的量度"故"一斗量" - 不分別防護也說"斗"。 "taggha"在高: 從表上量對"assa"在屬格義中加"taggha"和"matta";"膝高量","膝量"。 從"purisa"也加"ṇa": 從"purisa"主格表上量加"ṇa"和"matta"等;"人量","人量","人高量"。 從"ubha"和"ti"在分時: 從表部分的"ubha"和"ti"主格對"assa"在屬格義中加"aya";"彼有兩部分"故"兩者","二者","三者"。 從數在"sati"、"utī"、"sa"、"dasa"、"anta"、"adhika"中加"ḍa"在"sata"、"sahassa"中:

Satyantāya utyantāya īsantāya āsantāya dasantāya ca saṃkhyāya paṭhamantāya asminti sattamyatthe ḍo hoti, sā ce saṃkhyā adhikā hoti, yadasminti taṃ ce sataṃ sahassaṃsata

Sahassaṃ vā hoti;』vīsati adhikā asmiṃ sate』ti vīsaṃsataṃ, ekavīsaṃsataṃ, sahassaṃ satasahassaṃ vā–-tiṃsaṃsataṃ, ekatiṃsaṃ sataṃ –-utyantāya -navutaṃsataṃ, sahassaṃ satasahassaṃ vā –-īsantiya-cattārīsaṃsataṃ, sahassaṃ satasahassaṃ vā–-āsantāya-paññāsaṃsataṃ sahassaṃ satasahassaṃ vā–-dasantāya-ekādasaṃ sataṃ, sahassaṃ satasahassaṃ vā–-saccutīsāsadasanteti kiṃ?Chādhikā asmiṃ sate; adhiketi kiṃ? Pañcadasahīnā asmiṃ sate; asminti kiṃ? Vīsatyadhikā etasmāsatā; satasahasseti kiṃ? Ekādasaadhikā assaṃ vīsatiyaṃ.

Tassa pūreṇekādasādito vā-.

Chaṭṭhīyantāyekādasādikāya saṃkhyāya ḍo hoti pūraṇatthe vibhāsā; sā saṃkhyāpūrīyateyenataṃ pūraṇaṃ』ekādasannaṃ pūraṇo』ekādaso, ekādasamo; vīso, vīsatimo; tiṃso, tīṃsatimo; cattālīso, paññāso.

Ma paṃcādikatīhi-.

Chaṭṭhīyantāya paṃcādikāya saṃkhyāyakatismā ca mo hoti pūraṇatthe; pañcamo, sattamo, aṭṭhamo; katimo, katimī.

Satādīnami ca-.

Satādikāya saṃkhyāya chaṭṭhiyantāya puraṇatthe mo hoti, satādinamicāntādeso; satimo, sahassimo.

Chā ddhaddhamā -.

Chasaddāṭṭhaṭṭhamāhonti tassa pūraṇatthe; chaṭṭho, chaṭṭhamo; itthīya-chaṭṭhi chaṭṭhami–-kathaṃ,dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ catutthanti? Dutiyassa-catutthatatiyānanti-nipātanā.

Ekā kākyasahāye-.

Ekasmā asahāyatthe kaāki honti vā; ekako, ekāki, eko.

Vacchādīhi tanutte taro-.

Vacchādīnaṃ sabhāvassa tanutte gamyamānetaro hoti; susuttassa tanutte-vacchataro; itthiyaṃ-vacchatarī; yobbanassatanuttै-okkhataro; assabhāvassa tanutte-assataro; sāmatthiyassa tanuttै-usabhataro.

Kimhā nidhāraṇe ratararatamā-.

Kiṃsaddā niddhāraṇe ratararatamā hontī; kataro bhavataṃ devadatto; kataro bhavataṃ kaṭho; katamo bhavataṃ devadatto; katamo bhavataṃ kaṭho; bhāradvājānaṃ katamo』si brahme.

Tena datte liyā-.

Tatiyantā datte』bhidheye lैyā honti;』devenadatto; devalo; deviyo; brahmalo; brahmayo–-sivā-sīvalo; sīviyo; sissa dīgho.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 以"sati"結尾、以"utī"結尾、以"īsa"結尾、以"āsa"結尾和以"dasa"結尾的主格數在"asmiṃ"處格義中加"ḍa",若該數是增加的,若"asmiṃ"所指是百、千或十萬;"二十增於此百"故"百二十","百二十一","千"或"十萬" - "百三十","百三十一" - 以"utī"結尾 - "百九十","千"或"十萬" - 以"īsa"結尾 - "百四十","千"或"十萬" - 以"āsa"結尾 - "百五十","千"或"十萬" - 以"dasa"結尾 - "百十一","千"或"十萬" - 為什麼說"sati"、"utī"、"sa"、"dasa"結尾?"六增於此百";為什麼說"增加"?"十五減於此百";為什麼說"asmiṃ"?"二十增於此百";為什麼說"百千"?"十一增於此二十"。 "彼的滿數"從"十一"等可選: 從屬格"十一"等數加"ḍa"在滿數義中可選;以彼數滿,故為滿數 - "十一的滿數"成"第十一","第十一";"第二十","第二十";"第三十","第三十";"第四十","第五十"。 從"五"等和"kati"加"ma": 從屬格"五"等數和從"kati"加"ma"在滿數義中;"第五","第七","第八";"第幾","第幾"。 從"百"等和"i": 從屬格"百"等數在滿數義中加"ma","百"等末音成"i";"第百","第千"。 "六"成"aṭṭha"和"aṭṭhama": "六"詞在彼滿數義中成為"aṭṭha"和"aṭṭhama";"第六","第六";在女性中 - "第六","第六" - 如何說"第二"、"第三"、"第四"?因規定"第二"至"第四"。 從"eka"在無伴義中加"ka"和"āki": 從"eka"在無伴義中可選加"ka"和"āki";"獨一","獨一","一"。 從"vaccha"等在微細中加"tara": 當理解"vaccha"等本性微細時加"tara";在善睡微細中 - "小牛";在女性中 - "小牛女";在青春微細中 - "小牛";在馬性微細中 - "小馬";在能力微細中 - "小牛王"。 從"kiṃ"在分別中加"ratara"和"ratama": 從"kiṃ"詞在分別中加"ratara"和"ratama";"諸位中誰是提婆達多";"諸位中誰是迦吒";"諸位中誰是提婆達多";"諸位中誰是迦吒";"婆羅豆婆遮眾中你是誰,婆羅門"。 從"彼"在給予中加"liya": 從從格在表示給予中加"liya";"天給";"天給";"天給";"梵給";"梵給" - 從"siva" - "吉祥給";"吉祥給";"si"長音。

Tassa bhāvakammesu ttatāttanaṇyaṇeyya ṇiyaṇiyayā-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā bhāve kamme ca ttādayo honti bahulaṃ; na ca sabbe sabbato honti,añaññatra ttatāhi–-』bhavanti etasmābuddhisaddā』ti bhāvo, saddassa pavattinittaṃ–-』nīlassapaṭassa bhāvo』 nīlattaṃ, nīlatāti guṇo bhāvo–-』nīlassaguṇassa bhāvo nīlattaṃ, nīlatātī nīlaguṇajāti; gottaṃ gotāti, gojāti–-pācakattaṃ daṇḍittaṃ visāṇittaṃ rājapurisattanti kriyādisambandhittaṃ–-devadattatta candattaṃ sūriyattantītadavatthāvisesasāmaññaṃ–-ākāsattaṃ abhācattanti upacaritabhedasāmaññaṃ–-ttana-puthujjanattanaṃ; vedanattanaṃ; jāyattanaṃ jārattanaṃ–-ṇya-ālasyaṃ brahmaññaṃ cāpalyaṃ nepuññaṃpesuññaṃ rajjaṃ ādhipaccaṃ dāyajjaṃ vesammaṃ; vesamanti keci, sakhyaṃ vāṇijjaṃ–-ṇeyya-soceyyaṃ, ādhipateyyaṃ–-ṇa-gāravaṃ pāṭavaṃ ajjavaṃ maddavaṃ–-iya-adhipatiyaṃ paṇḍitiyaṃ bahussutiyaṃnaggiyaṃ sūriyaṃ –-ṇiya-ālasiyaṃ kālusiyaṃ mandiyaṃ dakkhiyaṃ porohitiyaṃ veyyattiyaṃ–-kathaṃ, rāmaṇīyakanti-sakatthe kantāṇena siddhaṃ–-kammaṃ kriyā; tattha.』Alasassa kammaṃ』 alasattaṃ, alasatā, alasattanaṃ; ālasyaṃ ālasiyaṃvā–-』sakatthe』ti. Sakatthe』pi yathābhuccaṃkāruññaṃ pattakallaṃ ākāsānañcaṃ, kāyapaguññatā.

Bya vaddhadāsā vā-.

Chaṭṭhayantā vaddhā dāsā ca byo vāhoti bhāvakammesu; vaddhakhyaṃ, vaddhatā; dāsabyaṃ; dāsatā–-kathaṃ, vaddhavanti ṇe vāgamo.

Naṇa yuvā kho cavassa-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā yuvasdā bhāvakammesunaṇa vā hoti, vassabo ca; yobbanaṃ; vātveva-yuvattaṃ, yuvatā.

Aṇvāditvimo-.

Aṇuādīhi chaṭṭhiyantehi bhāve vā ime hoti; aṇimā; laghimā; mahimā;kasimā–-vātveva-aṇuttaṃ; aṇutā.

Bhāvā tena nibbatte-.

Bhāvavācakā saddā tena nibbatte』bhidheye imo hoti;』pākena nibbattaṃ』 pākimaṃ; sekimaṃ.

Taratamissikiyiṭṭhātisaye-.

Atisaye vattamānato hontete paccayā;』atisayena pāpo』 pāpataro; pāpatamo, pāpissiko, pāpiyo, pāpiṭṭho–-itthiyaṃ-pāpatarā–-atisayantāpi atisayappaccayo;』atisayena pāpiṭṭho』 pāpiṭṭhataro.

Tannissite llo-.

Dutiyantā llappaccayo hoti nissitatthe;』vedanissitaṃ』 vedallaṃ;』 duṭhunissitaṃ』 duṭṭhullaṃ–-ille-saṅkhārillaṃ.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在"彼的性狀"和"業"中加"tta"、"tā"、"ttana"、"ṇya"、"ṇeyya"、"ṇa"、"iya"、"ṇiya": 從屬格在性狀和業中廣泛加"tta"等,但並非一切從一切而來,除了"tta"和"tā" - "由此生智慧語"故為性狀,聲的轉起相 - "青布的性狀"成"青性","青性"為品質性狀 - "青品質的性狀"成"青性","青性"為青品質種類;"牛性","牛性"為牛種類 - "廚師性","持杖性","具角性","王人性"為作用等關係性 - "提婆達多性","月性","日性"為彼狀態差別共相 - "虛空性","非有性"為假立差別共相 - "ttana" - "凡夫性";"受性";"妻性","情人性" - "ṇya" - "懶惰","婆羅門性","輕舉","熟練","離間","統治","主權","繼承","不平等";有人說"不平等","友誼","商業" - "ṇeyya" - "清凈","統治" - "ṇa" - "尊敬","善巧","正直","柔和" - "iya" - "主權","智慧","多聞","裸體","英雄" - "ṇiya" - "懶惰","污濁","遲鈍","能力","祭司","明達" - 如何說"可愛"?因自義中以"kanta"和"āṇa"成就 - "業"即作用;其中"懶者的業"成"懶性","懶性","懶性";"懶惰"或"懶惰" - 因說"自義"。即使在自義中如實有"悲憫","適時","空無邊","身適業性"。 從"師"和"仆"可選加"bya": 從屬格"師"和"仆"在性狀和業中可選加"bya";"師性","師性";"奴性";"奴性" - 如何說"師"?在"ṇa"中可添"va"。 從"青年"加"naṇa"和"vassa"可選: 從屬格"青年"在性狀和業中可選加"naṇa",和"vassa";"青春";因說"可選" - "青年性","青年性"。 從"微"等加"ima"可選: 從屬格"微"等在性狀中可選加"ima";"微性";"輕性";"大性";"農性" - 因說"可選" - "微性";"微性"。 從性狀由彼生加: 從表性狀詞在由彼生所表中加"ima";"由熟生"成"熟生";"浸生"。 在勝義中加"tara"、"tama"、"issika"、"iya"、"iṭṭha": 在勝義中現起時加這些後綴;"極惡"成"更惡";"最惡","極惡","更惡","最惡" - 在女性中 - "更惡" - 勝義后也加勝義後綴;"極最惡"成"最惡中更惡"。 在依彼中加"lla": 從賓格加"lla"後綴在依義中;"依吠陀"成"吠陀依";"依惡"成"惡依" - 在"illa"中 - "行依"。

Tassa vikārāvayavesu ṇṇikaṇeyyamayā-.

Pakatiyā uttaramavatthantaraṃ vikāro–-chaṭṭhiyantā nāmasmā vikāre』vayave ca ṇādayohontibahulaṃ; ṇa-āyasaṃ, bandhanaṃ; odumbaraṃ, paṇṇaṃ; odumbaraṃ, bhasmaṃ; kāpātैṃ, maṃsaṃ; kāpotaṃ, satthi –-ṇika-kappāsikaṃ, vatthaṃ; ṇeyya-eṇeyyaṃ,maṃsaṃ; eṇeyyaṃ, satthi; koseyyaṃ, vatthaṃ–-maya-tiṇamayaṃ; dārumayaṃ, naḷamayaṃ; mattikāmayaṃ–-』aññasminti』. Gunnaṃkarīse』pi mayo; gomayaṃ.

Jatuto ssaṇvā-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā nāmasmājatuto vikāravayavesussaṇvā hoti;』jatuno vikāro』 jātussaṃjātumayaṃ–-『『lopo『『ti. Bahulaṃ paccayalopo』pi phalapupphamūlesuvikārāvayavesu;』 piyālassa phalāni』 piyālāni;』mallikāya pupphāni』 pallikā;』usīrassa mūlaṃ』usīraṃ–-taṃsaddenavā tadabhidhānaṃ.

Samūhe kaṇṇaṇikā-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā samūhe kaṇṇaṇikā honti; gottappaccayantā kaṇa-rājaññakaṃ; mānussakaṃ–-ukkhādīhi-okkhakaṃ; oṭṭhakaṃ; orabbhakaṃ; rājakaṃ; rājaputtakaṃ; hatthikaṃ; dhenukaṃ–-ṇa-kākaṃ; bhikkhaṃ; ṇika-acittā-āpūpikaṃ; saṃkulikaṃ.

Janādīhi tā-.

Janādīhi chaṭṭhiyantehi samūhe tā hoti; janatā; gajatā; bandhutā; gāmatā; sahāyatā; nāgaratā–-tāntā sabhāvato itthiliṅgā–-madanīyanti-karaṇe』dhikaraṇe vā anīyenasiddhaṃ –-dhumāyitattanti-ktāntā nāmadhātuto tettana siddhaṃ.

Iyo hite-.

Chaṭṭhiyantā hite iyo hoti; upādāniyaṃ–-aññatrāpi』samānādैre sayito』 sodariyo.

Cakkhavādito sso-.

Chaṭṭhiyantehi cakkhuādīhi hite ssohoti; cakkhūssaṃ; āyussaṃ.

Ṇyo tattha sādhu-.

Sattamyantā tattha sādhūti asmiṃ atthe ṇyyo hoti; sabbho; pārisajjo–-sādhūti-kusalo yoggo hito vā–-aññatrāpi-』rathaṃ vahantī』ti racchā.

Kammā niyaññā-.

Sattamyantā kammasadadā tattha sādhūti asmiṃ atthe niyaññā honti;』 kamme sādhu』 kammaniyaṃ; kammaññaṃ.

Kathāditviko-.

Kathādīhi sattamyantehi tattha sādhūti asmiṃ atthe iko hoti; kathiko; dhammakathiko; saṅgāmiko; pavāsiko; upavāsiko.

Pathādīhi ṇeyyo-.

Pathādīhi sattamyantehi tattha sādhūti asmiṃ atthe ṇeyyo hoti; pātheyyaṃ; sāpateyyaṃ.

Dakkhiṇāyārahe-.

Dakkhiṇāsaddato arahatthe ṇeyyo hoti;』dakkhiṇaṃ arahatī』ti dakkhiṇeyyo.

Rāyo tumantā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在"彼的變化"和"部分"中加"ṇṇa"、"ika"、"ṇeyya"、"maya": 從本性之後的另一狀態為變化 - 從屬格名詞在變化和部分中廣泛加"ṇa"等;"ṇa" - "鐵製","繩";"優曇缽羅","葉";"優曇缽羅","灰";"鴿","肉";"鴿","大腿" - "ṇika" - "棉製","衣";"ṇeyya" - "羚羊","肉";"羚羊","大腿";"蠶絲","衣" - "maya" - "草制";"木製","蘆制";"土製" - 因說"從他"。在牛糞中也加"maya";"牛糞制"。 從"jatu"加"ssaṇ"可選: 從屬格名詞從"jatu"在變化和部分中可選加"ssaṇ";"樹膠的變化"成"樹膠製","樹膠製" - 因說"省略"。在果、花、根的變化和部分中廣泛省略後綴;"頻伽果的果實"成"頻伽果";"茉莉的花"成"茉莉";"香根的根"成"香根" - 或以該詞表示。 在集合中加"kaṇ"和"ṇa"、"ṇika": 從屬格在集合中加"kaṇ"和"ṇa"、"ṇika";以種姓後綴結尾加"kaṇa" - "剎帝利眾";"人眾" - 從"ukkha"等 - "甘蔗眾";"駱駝眾";"羊眾";"王眾";"王子眾";"象眾";"牛群" - "ṇa" - "烏群";"比丘眾" - "ṇika" - 從"citta" - "糕餅眾";"餅食眾"。 從"jana"等加"tā": 從"jana"等屬格在集合中加"tā";"人眾";"象群";"親族";"村眾";"朋友眾";"城民" - 以"tā"結尾本性為陰性 - "醉人"由"anīya"在作具或處格中成就 - "煙狀"由名詞動詞以"kta"結尾加"tetta"和"na"成就。 在適宜中加"iya": 從屬格在適宜中加"iya";"可取" - 在他處也有"同父母"成"同腹"。 從"眼"等加"ssa": 從屬格"眼"等在適宜中加"ssa";"適眼";"適壽"。 在"彼處善"中加"ṇya": 從處格在"彼處善"此義中加"ṇya";"善";"會眾" - "善"即"熟練"、"適當"或"有益" - 在他處也有"載車"成"街"。 從"業"加"niya"和"añña": 從處格"業"詞在"彼處善"此義中加"niya"和"añña";"業善"成"業相應";"業相應"。 從"語"等加"ika": 從"語"等處格在"彼處善"此義中加"ika";"語者";"說法者";"戰士";"旅行者";"近住者"。 從"道"等加"ṇeyya": 從"道"等處格在"彼處善"此義中加"ṇeyya";"道資";"資具"。 從"供養"在"應得"中: 從"供養"詞在應得義中加"ṇeyya";"應得供養"故"應供"。 從結尾"ra":

Tumantato arahatthe rāyohoti; 『『ghātetāyaṃ vā ghātetuṃ, jāpetāyaṃ vā jāpetuṃ, pabbājetāyaṃ vā pabbājetuṃ『『.

Tametthassatthiti mantu-.

Paṭhamantā ettha assa atthiti etesvatthesu mantu hoti;』gāmo ettha dese assa vā purisassa santīti』 gomā–-atthiti vattamānakālopādānato bhutāhi bhavissantīhi vā gohi na gomā. Kathaṃ gomā āsi gomā bhavissatīti? Tadāpi vattamānāhiyeva gohi gomā; āsi bhavissatīti padantarā kālantaraṃ; itikaraṇato visayaniyamo.

Pahūte ca pasaṃsāyaṃ nindāyañcātisāyane niccayoge ca saṃsagge hontime mantuādayo.

Goassoti-jātisaddānaṃ dabbābhidhānasāmatthiyā mantvā dayo nahonti; tathā guṇasaddānaṃ seto paṭoti; ye sattu guṇasaddānaṃ dabbābhidhānasāmatthiyaṃ natthi tehi honteva–-budhimā rūpavā rasavā gandhavā essavā saddavā; rasīrasiko; rūpi rūpiko; gandhī gandhikoti.

Vantvavaṇṇā-.

Paṭhamantato avaṇṇantā mantvatthe vantu hoti; sīlavā; paññavā–-avaṇṇāti-kiṃ? Satimā; bandhumā.

Daṇḍāditvikaī vā-.

Daṇḍādīhi ikaī honti vā manttvatthe; bahulaṃ vidhānā kutovi dve honti; kutocekamekaṃva. Daṇḍako, daṇḍi, daṇḍavā; gandhiko, gandhī, gandhavā; rūpiko, rūpī, rūpavā–-uttamiṇeva dhanā iko () dhaniko; dhanī dhanavāñño –-asannitñatthā () atthiko atthi; aññatra atthavā

–-Tadantā ca;() puññatthiko, puññatthi–-vaṇṇantā īyeva() brahmavaṇṇī devavaṇṇī–-hatthadantehi jātiyaṃ () hatthī; dantī; aññatra hatthavā; dantavā–-vaṇṇato brahmacārimhi; () vaṇṇī, buhmacārī; vaṇṇavāñño–-pokkharādito dese() pokkharaṇī uppalinī kumudinī bhisinī muḷālinī sālukinī –-kvāvādese』pi-padumanī, paduminīpaṇṇaṃ; aññatra pokkharavā, hatthi–-nāvāyiko () nāviko; –-sukhadukkhā ī() sukha dukkhī–-(sikhādihī vā)() sikhi sikhāvā mālī makālāvā sīli sīlavā balī balavā –-balā bāhūrupubbā ca() bāhubalī; ūrubalī.

Tapādīhi ssī-.

Tapādito mantvatthe vā ssi hoti; tapassi, yasassī, tejassī, manassī, payassī –-vātveva-yasavā.

Mukhādito ro-.

Mukhādīhi mantvattha ro hैoti; mukharo, susiro ūsaro, madhuro, kharo, kujaro, nagaro –-dantassu ca uttatadante () danturo.

Tuṇḍyādīhi bho-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從詞尾"tum"在應得義中加"rāya";"應殺者或應殺","應令知者或應令知","應令出家者或應令出家"。 "彼於此有"中加"mantu": 從主格在"此"、"彼有"此等義中加"mantu";"村在此地或屬此人有"故"有牛" - 因說"有"是現在時的執取,不從過去或未來的牛成"有牛"。如何說"曾有牛"、"將有牛"?此時也只從現在的牛成"有牛";"曾"、"將"是另外的詞表示別的時間;因如此作而限定處所。 在"眾多"和"稱讚"、"誹謗"、"勝義"和"恒常相應"、"結合"中加這些"mantu"等。 "牛有"等種類詞因能表示實體,不加"mantu"等;同樣品質詞"白布"等;若諸敵對的品質詞無表示實體的能力,則從彼等加 - "有慧","有色","有味","有香","有勢","有聲";"有味","有味者";"有色","有色者";"有香","有香者"等。 加"vantu"不從非元音: 從主格非元音結尾在"mantu"義中加"vantu";"有戒";"有慧" - 為何說"非元音"?"有念";"有親"。 從"杖"等加"ika"和"ī"可選: 從"杖"等可選加"ika"和"ī"在"mantu"義中;因廣說從何處加兩個;從何處加一個。"有杖者","有杖者","有杖者";"有香者","有香者","有香者";"有色者","有色者","有色者" - 從"債主"等財加"ika"()"有財者";"有財者","有財他" - 從"無近"義()"欲有","有";他處"有" - 以彼結尾也;()"欲福","有福" - 以"vaṇṇa"結尾只加"ī"()"梵色者","天色者" - 從手牙在種類中()"象";"有牙";他處"有手";"有牙" - 從"色"對梵行者;()"有色","梵行者";"有色他" - 從"蓮"等對處()"蓮池","青蓮","白蓮","蓮根","紅蓮","白蓮" - 即使在"kvā"代替中 - "有蓮","有蓮葉";他處"有蓮","象" - 從"船"()"船者" - 從"樂苦"加"ī"()"樂苦者" -(從"頂"等可選)()"有頂","有頂","有鬘","有鬘","有戒","有戒","有力","有力" - 從"力"、"臂"、"腿"為前分()"有臂力";"有腿力"。 從"苦行"等加"ssī": 從"苦行"等在"mantu"義中可選加"ssī";"有苦行","有名","有威","有意","有乳" - 因說"可選" - "有名"。 從"口"等加"ra": 從"口"等在"mantu"義中加"ra";"口者","孔者","鹽地","甜者","堅者","象","城" - 對"牙"和高舉的牙()"有牙"。 從"嘴"等加"bha":

Tuṇḍiādīhi mantvatthe bho vā hoti; tuṇḍibho, sāḷibho,valibho, vātveva-tuṇḍimā.

Saddhāditva-.

Saddhādīhi mantvatthe a hoti vā; sanddho, pañño; itthiyaṃ-saddhā; vātveva-paññavā.

Ṇo tapā-.

Tapā ṇo hoti mantvatthe; tāpaso; itthiyaṃ-tāpasī.

Ālvāhijjhādīhi-. Abhijjhādīhi ālu hotimantvatthe; abhijjhālu, sītālu, dhajālu, dayālu–-vātveva-dayāvā.

Picchāditvilo-.

Picchādīhi ilo hoti cā mantvatthe; picchilo, picchavā; pheṇilo, pheṇavā; jaṭilo, jaṭāvā;–-kathaṃ vāvāloti? Nindāyamilassādilope 『『paro kvacī『『ti.

Silāditā vo-.

Sīlādihi vo hoti vā mैntvatthe; sīlavo, sīlavā; kesavo, kesavā–-aṇṇā niccaṃ;() aṇṇavo–-gāṇḍi rājīhi saññāyaṃ; () gāṇḍivaṃ, dhanu; rājivaṃ, paṅkajaṃ.

Māyāmedhāhi vī-.

Etehi dvīhi vī hoti mantvatthe; māyāvi, medhāvī.

Sissare āmyuvāmī-.

Sasaddā āmyuvāmī hontissare』bhidheye mantvatthe;』samassatthiti』 sāmī, suvāmī.

Lakkhyā ṇo a ca-.

Lakkhīsaddāṇo hota mantvatthe; a cantassa; ṇakāro』va savo; lakkhaṇo.

Aṅgā no kalyāṇe-.

Kalyāṇe gamyamānñaṅgasmānohoti mantvatthe; aṅganā.

So lomā-.

Lomā sohoti mantvatthe; lomaso; itthiyaṃ-lomasā.

Imiyā-.

Mantvatthe imैyā honti bahulaṃ; puttimo, kittimo, puttiyo, kappiyo, jaṭiyo,hānabhāgiyo, seniyo.

To pañcamyā-.-

Pañcavyantā bahulaṃ to hoti vā; gāmato āgacchati, gāmasmāāgacchati; corato bhāyati, corehi bhāyati; satthatoparihīno, satthā parihīno.

Itotettokuto-.

Tomhi imassa ṭi nipaccate etassa ṭa eta kiṃsaddassa kuttaca; ito, imasmā; ato, etto, etasmā; kuto, kasmā.

Abhyādīhi-.

Abhiādīhi to hoti; abhito, parito, pacchato, heṭṭhato.

Ādyādīhi-.

Ādippabhutīhi to vā hoti; ādo, ādito; majjhato, antato, piṭṭhito, passato, mukhato–-yatodakaṃ tadā dittaṃ, yaṃ udakaṃ tadevādittanti attho.

Sabbādito sattamyā tratthā-.

Sabbādīhi sattamyantehi tratthā vā honti; sabbatra, sabbattha, sabbasmiṃ; yatra, yattha, yasmiṃ–-bahulādhikārā na tumhāmhehi.

Katthettha kutrātrakvehidha-.

Ete saddā nipaccante; kasmiṃ kattha, kutra, kva; etasmiṃ ettha, atra; asmiṃ iha, idha.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"嘴"等在"mantu"義中可選加"bha";"有嘴者","有米者","有力者" - 因說"可選" - "有嘴者"。 從"信"等加"a": 從"信"等在"mantu"義中可選加"a";"有信","有慧";在女性中 - "有信";因說"可選" - "有慧"。 從"苦行"加"ṇa": 從"苦行"加"ṇa"在"mantu"義中;"苦行者";在女性中 - "女苦行者"。 從"貪"等:從"貪"等加"ālu"在"mantu"義中;"貪者","寒者","旗者","悲者" - 因說"可選" - "悲者"。 從"羽毛"等加"ila": 從"羽毛"等也可選加"ila"在"mantu"義中;"有羽者","有羽者";"有泡者","有泡者";"結髮者","有發者" - 如何說"vāvālo"?在誹謗中省略"ila"等"后為kvaci"。 從"戒"等加"vo": 從"戒"等可選加"vo"在"mantu"義中;"有戒","有戒";"有發","有發" - 從"aṇṇa"常加;()"海" - 從"弓"、"線"在名稱中;()"弓","弓";"蓮","蓮"。 從"幻"、"慧"加"vī": 從此二詞加"vī"在"mantu"義中;"幻者","慧者"。 從"sa"在"主"中加"āmī"、"uvāmī": 從"sa"詞加"āmī"、"uvāmī"在表"主"的"mantu"義中;"有自"故"主","主"。 從"吉祥"加"ṇa"和"a": 從"吉祥"詞加"ṇa"在"mantu"義中;也加"a"于彼;只有"ṇa"為"sa";"有吉祥"。 從"身"在"美"中加"na": 當理解"美"時從"身"加"na"在"mantu"義中;"美女"。 從"毛"加"sa": 從"毛"加"sa"在"mantu"義中;"有毛";在女性中 - "有毛"。 加"imiya": 在"mantu"義中廣泛加"imiya";"有子","有名","有子","應理","結髮","分退","軍"。 從第五格加"to": 從離格廣泛可選加"to";"從村來","從村來";"畏賊","畏賊";"離師","離師"。 "ito"、"etto"、"kuto": 當加"to"時,"ima"成"ṭi","eta"成"ṭa","kiṃ"也成"ku";"從此","從此";"從彼","從彼","從彼";"從何","從何"。 從"abhi"等: 從"abhi"等加"to";"兩邊","周圍","後面","下面"。 從"ādi"等: 從以"ādi"為首可選加"to";"始","始";"中","末","背","側","面" - "此水則燃"意為"彼水即燃"。 從"一切"等第七格加"tra"和"ttha": 從"一切"等處格可選加"tra"和"ttha";"一切處","一切處","一切處";"何處","何處","何處" - 因說"廣泛"不從"你我"。 "kattha"、"ettha"、"kutra"、"atra"、"kva"、"ehi"、"dha": 這些詞規定為;"於何"成"何處","何處","何處";"于彼"成"彼處","彼處";"於此"成"此處","此處"。

Dhi sabbā vā-

Sattamyantato sabbasmādhi vā hoti; sabbadhi; sabbattha.

Yā hiṃ-.

Sattamyantā yato hiṃ vā hoti; yahiṃ, yatra.

Tā haṃ ca-.

Sattamyantā tato vā haṃ hoti hiñca; tahaṃ, tahiṃ, tatra.

Kuhiṃkahaṃ-.

Kiṃsaddā sattamyantā hiṃhaṃ nipaccante kissa kukā ca; kihiṃ, kahaṃ, kathaṃ kuhidvananti? Canaṃ iti nipātantaraṃ; kihidvīti-ettha visaddoviya.

Sabbekaññayatehi kāle dā-.

Etehi sattamyantehi cattamānehi kāle dā hoti; sabbasmiṃ kāle sabbadā; ekadā, aññadā, yadā, tadā–-kāleti-kiṃ? Sabbatthadese.

Kadākudāsadādhunedāti-.

Ete saddā nipaccante; tasmiṃ kāle kadā, kudā; sambasmiṃ kāle sadā; imasmiṃ kāle adhunā, idāni.

Ajjasajjavaparajjvetarahikarahā-.

Ete saddā nipaccante; ekatippaccayo ādeso kāla visesoti sabbametaṃ nipātanā labbhati; imassa vo jjo cāhani nipaccate; asmiṃ ahani ajja–-samānassa sabhāvojju cāhani–-samāne abhani sajju–-aparasmā jju–-aparasmiṃ ahaniaparajju–-imassetokāle rahi va–-imasmiṃ kāle etarahi–-kiṃsaddassa ko raha cānajjatane–-tasmiṃ kāle karaha.

Sabbādīhi pakāre thā-.

Sāmaññassa bhedako viseso pakāro, tattha vattamānehi sabbādīhi thā hoti sabbenapakārena sabbathā; yathā, tathā.

Kathamitthaṃ-.

Ete saddā nipaccante pakāre; kimimehi thaṃ paccayo, kैcca tesaṃ yathākkamaṃ; kathamitthaṃ.

Dhā saṅkhyāhi-.

Saṅkhyāvācīhi pakāre dhā paro hoti;』dvīhi pakārehi dve vā pakārekaroti』 vidhākaroti; bahudhā karoti;』ekaṃ rāsiṃ pañcappakāraṃ karoti』 pañcadhā karoti?Pañcappakāramekappakāraṃ karoti』 ekadhākaroti.

Vekājjhaṃ-.

Ekasmā pakāre jjhaṃ vā hoti; ekajkvaṅkaroti; ekadhā karoti.

Dvitīhedhā-.

Dvītihi pakāre edhāvā hoti; vedhā, tedhā; dvidhā, tidhā.

Tabbati jātiyo-.

Pakāravati taṃsāmaññavācakā saddājātiyo hoti; paṭu jātiyo, mudujātiyo.

Vārasaṃkhyāya kkhattuṃ-

Vārasambandhiniyā saṃkhyāya kkhattuṃ hoti;』dve vāre bhuñjati』 dvikkhattuṃ divasassa bhuñjati; vāraggahaṇaṃ kiṃ? Pañaca bhiñjati; saṅkhyāyāti-kiṃ? Pahūte vāre bhuñjati.

Katimhā-.

Vārasambandhiniyā katisaṃkhyāya kkhattuṃ hoti;』kati vāre bhuñjani』katikkhattuṃ bhuñjati.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"一切"可選加"dhi": 從處格"一切"可選加"dhi";"一切處";"一切處"。 從"ya"加"hiṃ": 從處格"ya"可選加"hiṃ";"於何處","於何處"。 從"ta"也加"haṃ": 從處格"ta"可選加"haṃ"和"hiṃ";"于彼處","于彼處","于彼處"。 "kuhiṃ"、"kahaṃ": 從處格"kiṃ"詞規定加"hiṃ"、"haṃ","ki"成"ku"、"ka";"於何處","何處",如何說"kuhidvana"?"canaṃ"是另一不變詞;在"kuhidvī"中如"vi"詞。 從"一切"、"其他"、"ya"、"ta"等在時中加"dā": 從這些處格被說時在時中加"dā";"一切時"成"常";"一時","他時","何時","彼時" - 為何說"時"?"一切處"在處中。 "kadā"、"kudā"、"sadā"、"adhunā"、"idāni"等: 這些詞規定為;"彼時"成"何時","何時";"一切時"成"常";"此時"成"現在","今"。 "ajja"、"sajju"、"aparajju"、"etarahi"、"karaha": 這些詞規定為;取一種後綴、替代、特定時間,此一切由規定得;"ima"成"jju",也在"日"中規定;"此日"成"今日" - "sama"本性成"jju"也在"日"中 - "同日"成"即日" - 從"apara"加"jju" - "他日"成"明日" - "ima"在此時成"rahi" - "此時"成"現在" - "kiṃ"成"ka"和"raha"在非今日 - "彼時"成"何時"。 從"一切"等在種類中加"thā": 普遍的差別為種類,在彼中現起從"一切"等加"thā";"以一切種類"成"一切種";"如是","如是"。 "katham"、"itthaṃ": 這些詞規定在種類中;從"kiṃ"、"ima"加"thaṃ"後綴,有些彼等依次;"如何"、"如是"。 從數加"dhā": 從表數詞在種類中加"dhā";"以二種類作或作二種類"成"作二種";"作多種";"作一堆為五種"成"作五種"?"作五種為一種"成"作一種"。 從"eka"可選加"jjhaṃ": 從"eka"在種類中可選加"jjhaṃ";"作一種";"作一種"。 從"二"、"三"加"edhā": 從"二"、"三"在種類中可選加"edhā";"二種","三種";"二種","三種"。 在有種類中成"種類": 在有種類中表彼普遍的詞成"種類";"利種類","軟種類"。 在數次中加"kkhattuṃ": 對與次相關的數加"kkhattuṃ";"食二次"成"日食二次";為何取"次"?"食五";為何說"數"?"食多次"。 從"kati": 對與次相關的"kati"數加"kkhattuṃ";"食幾次"成"食幾次"。

Bahumbhā dhā ca paccāsattiyaṃ-.

Vārasambandhiniyā bahusaṃkhyāya dhāhoti kkhattuñca; vārānañce paccāsatti hoti; bahudhā divasassa buñjati bahukkhattuṃ–-paccāsattiyanti kiṃ? Bahukkhattuṃ māsassa bhuñjati.

Sakiṃ vā-.

Ekaṃ vāramiccasmiṃ atthe sakinti vā nipaccate;』ekaṃ vāraṃ bhuñjati』–-vāti kiṃ?Ekakkhattuṃ bhuñjati.

So vicchāppakāresu-.

Vīcchāyaṃ pakāre ca so hoti bahulaṃ; vīcchāyaṃ-khaṇḍaso, bilaso; pakāre-puthuso,sabbaso.

Abhitatabbhāve karāsabhuyoge vikārā cī-.

Avatthāvato vatthantarenābhutassa tāyāvatthāya bhāve karāsabhuhi sambandhesati vikāravācakācī hoti;』adhavalaṃ dhavalaṃ karoti』 dhavalī karoti; adhavalo dhavalo siyā dhavalī siyā; adhavalo dhavalo bhavati dhavalī bhavati–-abhatatabbhāveti-kiṃ? Ghaṭaṃ karoti, dadhiatthi, ghaṭo bhavati–-karāsabhuyogeti kiṃ? Adhavalā dhvaailo jāyate–-vikārāti-kiṃ? Pakatiyā mā hotu; suvaṇṇaṃ kuṇḍalī karoti.

Dissantaññe』pi paccayā-.

Vuttato』ññe』pi paccayā dissanti vuttāvuttatthesu;』vividhā mātaro』 vimātaro,』tāsaṃ puttā』 vemātīkā-rikaṇa;』pathaṃ gacchantīti』 pathāvino-āvī;』 issā assa atthiti』 issukī-ukī?』Dhuraṃ vahantīti』 dhorayhā-yhaṇa.-

Aññasmiṃ-.

Vuttato』ññasmimpi atthe vuttappaccayā dissanti;』magadhānaṃ issaro』 māgadho-ṇo;』kāsīti sahassaṃ, tamagghatīti kāsiyo-iyo.

Sakattha-.

Sakatthe』pi paccayā dissanti; hīnako, potako, kicacayayaṃ.

Lopo-.

Paccayānaṃ lopo』pi dissati; buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītaṃ, cakkhuṃ suññaṃ attena vā attaniyeyana vāti bhāvappaccaya lopo.

Sarānamādissāyuvaṇṇassāño ṇānubandhe-.

Sarānamādibhutā ye akārivaṇṇuvaṇṇā tesaṃ āño honti yathākkamaṃ ṇānubandhe; rāghavo, vैnateyyo, meniko, oḷumpiko, dohaggaṃ–-ṇānubandheti-kiṃ? Purātano.

Saṃyoge kvaci-.

Sarānamādibhutā ye ayuvaṇṇā tesaṃ āño honti kvaci deva saṃyogavisaye ṇānubandhe;decco, koṇḍañño –-kvacīti-kiṃ? Kattikeyyo.

Majjhe-.

Majjhe vattamānānampi ayuvaṇṇānaṃ āño honti kvaci; aḍḍhateyyā, vāseṭṭho.

Kosjैjājjavapārisajjasubhajjamaddavārissāsabhājañña theyyabāhusaccā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"多"在相續中也加"dhā": 對與次相關的"多"數加"dhā"和"kkhattuṃ";若次有相續;"日多次食","多次食" - 為何說"相續"?"月多次食"。 "sakiṃ"可選: 在表"一次"義中可選規定為"sakiṃ";"食一次" - 為何說"可選"?"食一次"。 彼在分配和種類中: 在分配和種類中廣泛加"so";在分配中 - "片片","洞洞";在種類中 - "廣泛","一切"。 在"非彼性"與"作"、"是"、"有"結合中從變化加"ī": 當有狀態者與其他事物的非有關於彼狀態的有性與"作"、"是"、"有"相結合時,從表變化加"ī";"使非白成白"成"使成白";"非白應是白"成"應成白";"非白成白"成"成白" - 為何說"非彼性"?"作瓶","有酪","成瓶" - 為何說"作、是、有結合"?"非白生白" - 為何說"變化"?"別以本性";"金作成環"。 見其他後綴: 從所說之外其他後綴也見於已說未說義中;"種種母"成"異母","彼等子"成"異母子" - "rikaṇa";"行道者"成"行者" - "āvī";"彼有嫉"成"嫉者" - "ukī";"負擔者"成"負重者" - "yhaṇa"。 在其他: 從所說在其他義中也見已說後綴;"摩揭陀主"成"摩揭陀" - "ṇa";"迦尸值千"成"迦尸" - "iya"。 自義: 在自義中也見後綴;"小","幼","所作"。 省略: 也見後綴省略;"佛寶殊勝","眼空無我或無我所"為性狀後綴省略。 元音開頭"āyu"和"vaṇṇa"在帶"ṇa"中成"āña": 以元音為首的"a"、"i"、"vaṇṇa"、"uvaṇṇa",彼等依次在帶"ṇa"中成"āña";"羅摩後裔","毗那多後裔","彌那後裔","奧林匹克","擠乳" - 為何說"帶ṇa"?"古老"。 在聯合中有時: 以元音為首的"ayu"和"vaṇṇa",彼等有時在帶"ṇa"的聯合處成"āña";"天","拘旬" - 為何說"有時"?"迦提克"。 在中間: 在中間現起的"ayu"和"vaṇṇa"也有時成"āña";"二又半","婆私吒"。 "kosajja"、"ajjava"、"pārisajja"、"subhajja"、"maddava"、"ārissa"、"sabhañña"、"theyya"、"bāhusacca":

Ete saddā nipaccante ṇānubandhe;』kusītassa bhāvo』 kosajjajaṃ;』 ujuno bhāvo』 appavaṃ;』parisāsu sādhu』 pārisajjo;』suhadayoca』 suhajjo,』tassa pana bhāvo sohajjaṃ;』muduno bhāvo』maddavaṃ;』isino idaṃ, bhāvo vā』 ārissaṃ;』usabhassa idaṃ, bhāvo vā』 āsabhaṃ;』ājānīyassa bhāvo』 so eva vā』 ājaññaṃ;』thenassa bhāvo, kammaṃ vā』 theyyaṃ;』bahussutassa bhāvo』 bāhusaccaṃ–-etesu yamalakkhaṇikaṃ taṃ nipātanā.

Manādīnaṃ saka-.

Manādīnaṃ saka hoti ṇānubandhe;』manasi bhavaṃ』 mānasaṃ;』dummanaso bhāvo』 domanassaṃ; somanassaṃ.

Uvaṇṇassāvaṅi hoti; rāghavo, jāmbavaṃ.

Yamhi gossa ca-.

Yakārādo paccaya gैossuvaṇṇassa ca avaṅi hoti; gabyaṃ, gātabyo.

Lopo』vaṇṇivaṇṇānaṃ-.

Yakārādo paccaye avaṇṇivaṇṇānaṃ lāpo hoti, dāyjैjaṃ, kāruññaṃ, ādhipaccaṃ, deppaṃ–-bahakulaṃvidhānaṃ kvaci na hoti; kiccayaṃ.

Rānubandhe』ntasarādissa-.

Anto saro ādi yassāvayavassa tassa lopo hoti rānubandhe; kittakaṃ, petteyyaṃ.

Kisamahatamime kasmahā-.

Kisassa mahato ime kasmahā honti yathākkamaṃ; kasimā, mahimā.

Āyussāyasa mantumhi-.

Āyussa āyasādeso hoti mantumhi; āyasmā.

Jo vuddhassiyiḍhesu-.

Vuddhassa jo hoti iyैṭṭhesu; jeyyo, jeṭṭho.

Bāḷhantikapasatthānaṃ sādhanedasā-.

Iyeṭṭhesu bāḷhantikapasatthānaṃ sādhanedasā hontī yathākkamaṃ; sādhiyo, sādhiṭṭho; nediyo, nediṭṭho; seyyo, seṭṭho

Kaṇkanāppayuvānaṃ-.

Iyeṭṭhesu appayuvānaṃ kaṇkanā honti yayathākkamaṃ; kaṇiyo, kaṇiṭṭho; kaniyo, kaniṭṭho.

Lopo vīmantuvattunaṃ-.

Vīmantuvantunaṃ lopo hoti iyैṭṭhesu?』Atisayena medhāvī』 medhiyo, medhiṭṭho;』atisayenasatimā』satiyo, satiṭṭho;』atisayena guṇavā』 guṇiyā, guṇiṭṭho.

Se stiaissa tissa-.

Se pare satyantassa tikārassa lopo hoti; vīsaṃ sataṃ, tiṃsaṃ sataṃ.

Etasseṭa ttake-.

Ttake pare etassa eṭa henāti; ettakaṃ.

Ṇikassiyo vā-.

Ṇikassavā iyo hoti; sakyaputtiyo, sakyaputtiko.

Adhātussa ke』syādito ghe』ssī-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 這些詞在帶"ṇa"中規定為;"懶者的性狀"成"懶惰";"正直者的性狀"成"正直";"在眾中善"成"眾善";"善心者"成"善友","彼之性狀"成"善友性";"柔和者的性狀"成"柔和";"仙人的此,或性狀"成"仙性";"牛王的此,或性狀"成"牛王性";"良種的性狀,或彼"成"良種性";"盜者的性狀,或業"成"偷盜";"多聞者的性狀"成"多聞性" - 在這些中有雙重特徵者由規定。 從"意"等加"saka": 從"意"等在帶"ṇa"中加"saka";"在意中生"成"意生";"惡意的性狀"成"憂";"喜"。 "uvaṇṇa"成"avaṅ";"羅摩後裔","閻浮樹"。 在"ya"中從"go"也: 以"ya"開始的後綴中"go"的"uvaṇṇa"也成"avaṅ";"牛","應說"。 "avaṇṇa"和"ivaṇṇa"的省略: 在以"ya"開始的後綴中"avaṇṇa"和"ivaṇṇa"省略,"繼承","悲憫","主權","天性" - 廣說有時不如此;"所作"。 在帶"ra"中末元音開始的: 以末元音為開始的成分,彼在帶"ra"中省略;"多少","父性"。 "ki"和"mahat"成"kas"和"mah": "ki"和"mahat"依次成"kas"和"mah";"微","大"。 "āyu"在"mantu"中成"āyas": "āyu"在"mantu"中成"āyas";"具壽"。 "vuddha"在"iya"和"iṭṭha"中成"ja": "vuddha"在"iya"和"iṭṭha"中成"ja";"較勝","最勝"。 "bāḷha"、"antika"、"pasattha"成"sādha"、"neda"、"sa": 在"iya"和"iṭṭha"中"bāḷha"、"antika"、"pasattha"依次成"sādha"、"neda"、"sa";"較善","最善";"較近","最近";"較勝","最勝"。 "appa"和"yuva"成"kaṇ"和"kana": 在"iya"和"iṭṭha"中"appa"和"yuva"依次成"kaṇ"和"kana";"較小","最小";"較幼","最幼"。 "vī"、"mantu"、"vantu"的省略: "vī"、"mantu"、"vantu"在"iya"和"iṭṭha"中省略;"極有慧"成"較慧","最慧";"極有念"成"較念","最念";"極有德"成"較德","最德"。 在"sa"中"ti"的"s": 在"sa"后"ti"結尾的"ti"省略;"二十百","三十百"。 "eta"在"ttaka"中成"eṭa": 在"ttaka"后"eta"成"eṭa";"爾許"。 "ṇika"可選成"iya": "ṇika"可選成"iya";"釋子","釋子"。 非詞根在"ka"中,從"as"開頭在"gha"中成"ī":

Ghe pare adhātussa yo kakāro tato pubbassa akārassa bakahulaṃ i hoti, save ghona syādito paro hoti; bālikā, kārikā–-adhātussāti-kiṃ? Sakā; keti-kiṃ?Nandanā; asyāditoti-kiṃ? Bahuparibbājakā, madhurā –-bahucammikāti kakārena syādino byavahitattā siddhaṃ–-gheti-kiṃ? Bālako; assāti-kiṃ? Bahukattukā,sālā.

Iti moggallāne vyākaraṇe vuttiyaṃ ṇādikaṇḍo catuttho.

Tijamānehi khasā khamāvīmaṃsāsu-.

Khantiyaṃ tijā vīmaṃsāyaṃ mānā ca khasappaccayā honti yathākkamaṃ; titikkhā, vīmaṃsā–-titikkhati, vīmaṃsati. Khamāvīmaṃsā suti-kiṃ? Tejanaṃ, tejo, tejayati, mānanaṃ, māno, māneti.

Kitā tikicchāsaṃsayesu jo-.

Tikicchāyaṃ saṃsaye ca vattamānā kitā jo hoti–-tikicchā, vicikicchā–-tikicchati, vicikicchati–-aññatraniketo, saṃketo, ketanaṃ, keto, ketayati.

Nindāyaṃ gupabadhā bassabho ca-.

Nindāyaṃ vattamānehi gupabadhehi jo hoti; bassa bho ca–-jigucchā, bībhacchā–-jigucchati, bībhacchati–-aññatragopanaṃ, gope, popeti, badhako.

Tuṃsmā lopo vicchāyaṃte-.

Tumantato icchāyamatthe te khasachā hontibahakulaṃ; lopo ca tuṃpaccayassahoti sutattā–-bubhukkhā, jigiṃsā, jighacchā–-bubhukkhati, jigiṃsati, jighacchati–-idhakasmā na hotibhottumicchatīti? Padantarenābhidhānā. Tuṃsmāti-kiṃ? Bhojanamicchati. Icchāyanti kiṃ? Bhuñjituṃ gacchati. Kathaṃ kulaṃ pipatisatīti? Yathā kulaṃ patitumicchatītivākyaṃ hoti, evaṃ vuttipi hessati; vākyamevacarahi kathaṃ hoti? Lokassa tathā vacanicchāya.

Īyo kammā-.

Icchākammato icchāyamatthe īyappaccayo hoti;』puttamicchati』 puttīyati–-kammāti-kiṃ? Aasinecchati; idha kasmā na hoti rañño puttamicchatīti? Sāpekkhattā; na hi aññamapekkhamāno aññenasahekatthibhāvamanubhavituṃ sakkoti; idhāpi carahi na siyā attanoputtamicchatīti; nevettha bhavitabbaṃ; na hi bhavati attanoputtiyatīti; kathaṃ carahi vuttassa attatiyatāvagamyate? Aññassāsutattā, icchāya ca tabbisayattā.

Upamānācāre-.

Kammato upamānā āvāratthe īyo hoti;』puttamavā carati』 puttīyati māṇavakaṃ; upamānāti kiṃ? Puttamācarati.

Ādhārā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在"gha"后非詞根的"ka",其前的"a"廣泛成"i",當此"gha"不從"as"開頭之後;"小女","作者" - 為何說"非詞根"?"自己的";為何說"ka"?"歡喜";為何說"從as開頭"?"多遊行者","甜" - "多皮革者"因"ka"與"as"開頭相隔故成立 - 為何說"gha"?"小子";為何說"as"?"多作者","堂"。 此為目犍連文法註疏中第四"ṇādi"品。 從"耐"和"思"在忍和思察中加"kha"和"sa": 在忍中從"耐",在思察中從"思"依次加"kha"和"sa"後綴;"忍耐","思察" - "忍耐","思察"。為何說"忍和思察"?"銳利","銳","使銳利","尊敬","尊","使尊敬"。 從"kit"在醫治和疑惑中加"ja": 在醫治和疑惑中現起的從"kit"加"ja" - "醫治","疑惑" - "醫治","疑惑" - 在他處"住處","約定","住","居","居住"。 在誹謗中從"gup"和"badh","ba"也成"bha": 在誹謗中現起從"gup"和"badh"加"ja";"ba"也成"bha" - "厭惡","可憎" - "厭惡","可憎" - 在他處"保護","牧者","養育","殺者"。 從"tuṃ"在欲中省略,加"te": 從以"tuṃ"結尾在欲義中廣泛加"kha"、"sa"、"cha";也由聽聞省略"tuṃ"後綴 - "欲食","欲求","飢餓" - "欲食","欲求","飢餓" - 此中為何不成"欲吃"?因另詞表示。為何說"從tuṃ"?"欲食物"。為何說"在欲中"?"去吃"。如何說"族落將傾"?如"欲傾族落"此語將有,如是註釋也將有;語句現在如何有?因世間如是說欲。 從業加"īya": 從欲的業在欲義中加"īya"後綴;"欲子"成"求子" - 為何說"從業"?"不欲劍";此中為何不成"王欲子"?因有所待;因等待他者不能與他一起成為一者;此中也不應成"欲自己的子";此處不應如是;因不成"欲自己子";如何了知所說的自己性?因未聞他者,及欲以彼為境。 從能比在行為中: 從業的能比在行為義中加"īya";"如子而行"成"對童子如子" - 為何說"從能比"?"行如子"。 從處:;

Ādhāratupamānāāvāratthe īyo hoti;』kuṭiyamivācarati』 kuṭiyati pāsāde, pāsādīyati kuṭiyaṃ.

Kattutāyo-.

Kattatupamānā ācāratthe āyo hoti;』pabbatovā carati』pabbatāyati.

Cyatthe-.

Kattuto abhutatabbhāve āyo hoti bahulaṃ; bhusāyati, paṭapaṭāyati, lohitāyati–-kattutotveva-bhusaṃkarotīti; iha kasmā na hoti bhusi bhavatīti? Vuttatthatāya.

Saddādīti karoti-.

Saddādīhi dutiyantehi karotīti asmiṃ atthe āyo hoti; saddāyati, verāyati, kalahāyati, dhūpāyati.

Namotvasso-.

Namo iccasmā karotīti asmiṃ atthe asso hoti; namassati tathāgataṃ.

Dhātvatthe nāmasmi-.

Nāmasmā dhātvatthe bahulami hoti;』hatthinā atikkamati』ati hatthayati;』 vīṇāya upagāyati』 upavīṇayati;』daḷahaṃ karoti』 vinayaṃ daḷahayati;』 visuddhā hoti』 ratti visuddhayati;』kusalaṃ pucchati』kusalayati.

Saccādīhāpi-.

Saccādīhi dhātvatthe āpi hoti; saccāpeti, atthāpeti, vedāpeti, sukkhāpeti sukhāpeti, dukkhāpeti.

Kriyatthā-.

Ayamadhikāro ā satthaparisamattiyā;』kriyā attho yassaso kriyattho』,dhātu.

Curādito ṇi-.

Curādīhi kriyatthehi sakatthe ṇi paro hoti bahulaṃ; ṇakāro vuddhyattho–-evamaññatrāpi–-corayati, lāḷayati. Kathaṃ rajjaṃ kāretīti? Yogavibhāgato.

Payojakabyāpāre ṇāpi ca-.

Kattāraṃ yo payojayati tassa byāpāre kriyatthā ṇiṇāpī honti bahulaṃ; kāreti, kārāpeti–-nanu ca kattāpi karaṇādīnaṃpayojakoti tabyāpāre?Pi ṇiṇāpī pāpuṇanti? Payojakaggahaṇasāmatthiyā na bhavissanti, curādīhi visuṃ vacanasāmatthiyā ca–-āto bhiyyo ṇāpiyeva, ṇiye vuvaṇṇato, dvayamevaññehi.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從處和能比在行為義中加"īya";"如在茅屋而行"成"對宮殿如茅屋","對茅屋如宮殿"。 從作者加"āya": 從作者的能比在行為義中加"āya";"如山而行"成"如山"。 在變化義中: 從作者在非彼性中廣泛加"āya";"成糠","作聲","成血" - 因說"從作者"故 - "作糠";此中為何不成"是糠"?因義已說。 從"聲"等對"作": 從以第二格結尾的"聲"等對"作"此義中加"āya";"作聲","作敵","作諍","作煙"。 "namo"成"assa": 從"namo"在"作"此義中成"assa";"禮敬如來"。 在動詞義中從名詞: 從名詞在動詞義中廣泛加"i";"以象超越"成"超象";"以琵琶伴唱"成"伴琵琶";"作堅固"成"使律堅固";"成清凈"成"夜清凈";"問善"成"問善"。 從"實"等也加"āpi": 從"實"等在動詞義中加"āpi";"使實","使義","使知","使干","使樂","使苦"。 動作義: 此為主題直至論典結束;"以動作為義者為動作義",即詞根。 從"盜"等加"ṇi": 從以動作為義的"盜"等在自義中廣泛加後綴"ṇi";"ṇa"為增音之義 - 如是在他處也 - "偷盜","愛護"。如何說"使統治"?因瑜伽分別。 在使動者行為中也加"ṇāpi": 使作者行動者,在彼行為中從動作義廣泛加"ṇi"和"ṇāpi";"使作","使令作" - 難道作者不也是工具等的使動者,在彼行為中"ṇi"和"ṇāpi"不也得?因取"使動者"的能力不將有,及從"盜"等別說的能力 - 從"ā"更多隻加"ṇāpi",在"ṇi"中從"vuvaṇṇa",從其他二者。

Kyo bhāvakammesvaparokkhesu mānantatyādisu-

Bhāvakammavihitesu parokkhāvajjitesu mānantatyādisu paresukyo hoti krayatthā–-ntaggahaṇamuttaratthaṃ; kakāro avuddhyattho; evamuttaratrāpi–-ṭhiyamānaṃ, ṭhiyate; sūyamānaṃ, sūyate–-aparokkhesūti-kiṃ? Babhuva devadattena; bibhida kusūlo. Bhijjate kusūlo sayamevātibhijjateti savanā kammatāvagamyate, sayamevāti savanato kattutā; kattutāvacanicchāyantu-bhindatikusulo attānanti bhavati; evamaññampi yathāgamamanugantabbaṃ. 『『Aparokkhesu mānantatyādisū』ti-ayamadhikāro ā『『tanāditvo『『apivaete tyādayo tyādisu parabhutesu kattukammabhāvavihitesu kyalādīnaṃ vidhānato tesveva viññayantīti-akammakehi dhātuhi kattubhāvesu sakammakehi kattukammesukammāvacanicchāyaṃ bhāveva bhavantīti veditabbā–-yassapanadhātussa kriyā kammamapekkhate sosakammako? Yassa tu kriyā kattumattamapekkhate so akammakoti ñātabbaṃ.

Kattari lo-.

Kattari lo-.

Kriyatthato aparokkhesu kattuvitamānantatyādisu lo hoti; lakāro 『『ñilasse』ti. Visesanattho–-pacamāno, pacanto; pavati.

Mañca rudhādīnaṃ-.

Rudhādito kattuvihitamānādisu lo hoti; maṃ vānta sarā paro; makāro』nubandho; akāro uccāraṇatvo–-rundhamāno, rundhanto, rundhati.

Ṇaṇāpyāpīhi vā-.

Ṇiṇāpyāphīhi kattuvihitamānādisu lo hoti vibhāsā; corayanto, corento; kārayantā, kārento; kārāpैyanto, kārāpento; saccāpayanto, saccāpento; corayati, coreti; kārayati, kāreti; kārāpayati, kārāpeti; saccāpayati, saccāpeti–-vacatthitavibhāsattho』yaṃ vā saddo; tena māne niccaṃ; corayamāno, kārayamāno, kārāpayamāno, saccāpayamāno.

Dipādīhi yayaka-.

Divādīhi lavīsaye yaka hoti; dibbanto; dibbati.

Tudādīhi ko-.

Tudādīhi lavīsaye ko hoti; tudamāno, tudanto; kudati.

Jyādīhi knā-.

Jiādīhi lavisaye knā hoti; jinanto, jināti–-kathaṃ jayanto, jayatīni? Bhuvādipāṭhā.

Kyādīhī kṇā-.

Kīādīhi lavisaye kṇā hoti; kiṇanto, kiṇāti.

Svādīhī kṇo-.

Suādīhi lavisaye kṇo hoti; suṇamāno, suṇanto, suṇoti; kathaṃ suṇātīti? Kyādipāṭhā.

Tanāditvo-.

Tanādito lavisaye o hoti; tanoti.

Bhāvakammesu tabbānīyā-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 在非直接的狀態和業中從"māna"、"nta"、"ti"等加"kya": 在規定狀態和業的非直接的"māna"、"nta"、"ti"等後加"kya"從動作義 - 取"nta"為後用;"ka"為非增音之義;如是在後也 - "被住","被住";"被聞","被聞" - 為何說"非直接"?"被天授作";"籃被破"。由聞"籃自破"故了知業性,由聞"自"故了知作者性;但在欲說作者性時成"籃破自己";如是其他也應依傳承理解。"在非直接的māna、nta、ti等中"此為主題直至"從tan等加o" - 因在這些"ti"等成為后時規定在規定作者、業、狀態中加"kya"等,故應知在彼等中 - 應知從無業動詞根在作者狀態中,從有業動詞根在欲說業的作者業中只在狀態中 - 應知動詞根的動作期待業者為有業,而動作只期待作者者為無業。 在作者中加"la": 在作者中加"la": 從動作義在非直接的作者的"māna"、"nta"、"ti"等中加"la";"la"由"ñi變為la"。為區分義 - "正煮","煮";"吹"。 從"rudh"等也加"ma": 從"rudh"等在規定作者的"māna"等中加"la";或前有"ma";"ma"為標記;"a"為發音義 - "正阻","阻","阻"。 從"ṇi"、"ṇāpi"、"āpi"可選: 從"ṇi"、"ṇāpi"、"āpi"在規定作者的"māna"等中可選加"la";"正使偷","使偷";"正使作","使作";"正使令作","使令作";"正使實","使實";"使偷","使偷";"使作","使作";"使令作","使令作";"使實","使實" - 此"可選"為限定可選義;故在"māna"中常加;"被使偷","被使作","被使令作","被使實"。 從"div"等加"yaka": 從"div"等在"la"範圍中加"yaka";"正賭";"賭"。 從"tud"等加"ka": 從"tud"等在"la"範圍中加"ka";"正刺","刺";"刺"。 從"ji"等加"knā": 從"ji"等在"la"範圍中加"knā";"正勝","勝" - 如何說"正勝","勝"?因列于"bhū"等。 從"kī"等加"kṇā": 從"kī"等在"la"範圍中加"kṇā";"正買","買"。 從"su"等加"kṇo": 從"su"等在"la"範圍中加"kṇo";"正聽","聽","聽";如何說"聽"?因列于"kī"等。 從"tan"等加"o": 從"tan"等在"la"範圍中加"o";"展"。 在狀態和業中加"tabba"和"anīya":

Tabbaanīyā kriyatthā pare bhāvakammesu bahulambhavanti; kattabbaṃ, karaṇīyaṃ; kattabbo kaṭo; karaṇīyo–-bahulā

Dhikārā karaṇādisupi bhavanti–-sinānīyaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ; dānīyo, brāhmaṇo; samāvattanīyo, guru; pavacanīyo, upajjhāyo; upaṭṭhānīyo, sisso.

Ghyaṇa-.

Bhāvakammesu kriyatthā paro ghyaṇa hoti bahulaṃ; vākyaṃ, kāriyaṃ, veyyaṃ, jeyyaṃ.

Āsse ca-.

Āto ghyaṇa hoti bhāvakammesu āssa e ca; deyyaṃ.

Vadādīhi yo-.

Vadādīhi kriyatthehi yo hoti bahulamhāvakammesu; vajjaṃ, majjaṃ, gammaṃ–-bhujānte () bhojjo, odano; bhojjā, yāgu; bhoggamaññaṃ.

Kiccaghaccabhaccabhabbaleyyā-.

Ete saddā yappaccayantā nipaccante.

Guhādīhi yaka-.

Guhādīhi kriyatthehi bhāvakammesu yaka hoti; guyhaṃ, duyhaṃ, sisso; siddhā evete tabbādayo pesātisaggapattakālesupi gamyamānesu sāmaññena vidhānato–-hotā khalu kaṭo kattabbo, karaṇīyo, kāriyo, kicco-evaṃ tvayā kaṭo kattabbo; hotā kaṭo kattabbo, hoto hi patto kālo kaṭakaraṇe–-evaṃ uddhamuhuttike』pi vattamānato pesādisu siddhā eva–-tathā arahe kattari sattivisiṭṭhe ca patīyamāne āvassakādhamiṇatāvisiṭṭheva bhāvādo siddhā–-uddha muhuttikato-bhotā kaṭo kattabbo; bhotā rajjaṃ kātabbaṃ, bhavaṃ araho; bhotā bhāro vahitabbo, bhavaṃ satto; bhotā avassaṃ kaṭo kattabbo; bhotā nikkho dātabbo.

Kattari latuṇakā-.

Kattari kārake kriyatthā latuṇakā bhontī; paṭhitā, pāṭhako–-bahulamitveva-pādehi harīyatī』ti pādahārake;』galecuppatī』ti galecopako–-saddho eva latuarahe sīlasādhu dhammesu ca sāmaññavihitatattā; bhavaṃ balu kaññāya pariggayitā, bhavametaṃ arahati; sīlādisu-khalvapi upādātā kumārake; gantākhelo; muṇḍayitāro sāviṭṭhāyanā vadhuṃ kataparigahaṃ.

Āvī-.

Kriyayatthā āvī hoti bahulaṃ kattari; bhayadassāvī–-appavīsayatāñāpanatthaṃ bhinnayogakaraṇaṃ; sāmaññavihitattā sīlādisu ca hoteva.

Āsiṃsāyamako-. Āsiṃsāyaṃ gamyamānāyaṃ kriyatthā ako hoti kattari;』jīvatuti』 jīvako; nandatuti』 nandako;』bhavatuti』 bhavako.

Karā ṇano-.

Karato kattari ṇano hoti;』karotī』ti kāraṇaṃ; kattarīti-kiṃ? Karaṇaṃ.

Hāto vīhikālesu-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: "tabba"和"anīya"從動作義在狀態和業中廣泛加在後;"應作","應作";"瓶應作";"應作" - 因說"廣泛"故在工具等中也有 - "浴粉","粉";"應施","婆羅門";"應共住","師";"應說","親教師";"應侍奉","弟子"。 加"ghya"和"ṇa": 在狀態和業中從動作義廣泛加後綴"ghya"和"ṇa";"語","應作","應織","應勝"。 在"ā"中也加"e": 從"ā"加"ghya"和"ṇa"在狀態和業中,"ā"成"e";"應給"。 從"vad"等加"ya": 從"vad"等動作義在狀態和業中廣泛加"ya";"應說","應醉","應去" - 在"bhuj"末("應食","食";"應食","粥";"其他應受用")。 "kicca"、"ghacca"、"bhacca"、"bhabba"、"leyya": 這些以"ya"後綴結尾的詞規定為。 從"guh"等加"yaka": 從"guh"等動作義在狀態和業中加"yaka";"應藏","應擠","弟子";因以普遍規定故,這些"tabba"等在表示命令和達到時間時也成立 - "瓶確實應作,應作,應作,應作" - 如是"瓶應被你作";"瓶應作",因為作瓶時間已到 - 如是從現在起片刻后在命令等中也成立 - 如是在了知值得的作者和具力時,由具欠債性的狀態等成立 - 從片刻后 - "尊者應作瓶";"尊者應作王國","尊者值得";"尊者應負重擔","尊者有力";"尊者必定應作瓶";"尊者應給金幣"。 在作者中加"latu"、"ṇaka": 在作者施事中從動作義加"latu"、"ṇaka";"讀者","讀者" - 因說"廣泛"故 - "以足搬運"故"足搬者";"攫取頸"故"頸賊" - 因普遍規定故,"latu"只在值得、戒德和法中;"尊者值得娶女","尊者值得此";在戒等中 - 也確實"取童子者";"行遊戲者";"剃薩維托家媳婦者"。 加"āvī": 從動作義在作者中廣泛加"āvī";"見怖者" - 為顯示非侷限範圍故作不同結合;因普遍規定故在戒等中也有。 在希望中加"aka":當了知希望時從動作義在作者中加"aka";"愿活"成"活者";"愿喜"成"喜者";"愿有"成"有者"。 從"kar"加"ṇana": 從"kar"在作者中加"ṇana";"作"成"原因";為何說"在作者中"?"工具"。 從"hā"在稻和時中:

Hāto vīhisiṃ kāle caṇano hotī kattari; hāyanā nāma vīhayo; hāyano saṃvaccharo; vīhikālesūti - kiṃ? Hātā.

Vīdā ku -.

Vidasmā kū hoti kattari; vidū, lokavidū.

Vito ñāto-.

Vipubbā ñāiccasmā ku hoti kattari; viñña; vitoti-kiṃ? Pañño.

Kammā-.

Kammato parā ñāiccasmā kū hoti kattari; sabbañña, kālañña.

Kvacaṇa-.

Kammato parā kriyatthā kvaci aṇa hoti kattari; kumbhakāro, saralāvo, mavtajjhāyo–-bahakulādhikārā iha na hoti, ādiccaṃ passati, himavantaṃ suṇoti, gāmaṃ gacchati. Kvacīti kiṃ? Kammakaro.

Gamā rū-.

Kammato paraṃ gamā rū hoti kattari; vedagu, pāragu.

Samānaññabhavantayāditupamānā disā kamme rīrikkhakā-.

Samānādīhi yādīhicopamānehi parā disā kammakārake rīrikkhakā honti;』 samāno viya dissatī』ti sadī, sadikkho, sadiso; aññādī, aññādikkho, aññādiso; bhavādī, bhavādikkho, bhavādiso; yādī, yādikkho, yādiso; tyādī, tyyādikkho, tyādiso –-samānādīhīti kiṃ? Rukkho viya dissati. Upamānāti kiṃ? So dissati kammeti kiṃ? So viya passatī–-rakārā antasarādilopatthā. Kakāro ekārābhāvattho.

Bhāvakārakesvaghaṇghakā-.

Bhāve kārake ca kriyatthā aghaṇghakā honti bahakulaṃ; apaggaho, niggaho, karo, garo, cayo, jayo, ravo, bhavo, paco, vaco, annado, purindado, īsakkaro, dukkaro, sukaro–-ghaṇa-bhāve-pāko- vāgo, bhāvo. Kārake』pi saññāyaṃ tāva-』pajjate』nene』ti pādo;』rujatī』ti rogo;』vīsatīti veso;』sarati kālantara』nti sāro, thirattho;』darīyante etebhī』ti dārā;』jīrayati etenā』ti jāro–-asaññāyampi-dāyo, datto; lābho, laddho–-gha-vakonipako–-ka-piyo, khipo, bhujo, āyudhaṃ.

Dādhātvi-.

Dādhāhi bahulami hotibhāvakārakesu; ādi, nidhi. Vāladhi.

Vamādīhathu-.

Vamādihi bhāvakārakesvathu hoti; vamathu, vepathu.

Kvi-.

Kriyatthā kvi hoti bahulaṃ bhāvakārakesu–-kakāro kānu bandhakāriyattho–-abhibhu, sayambhu, bhattaggaṃ, salākaggaṃ, sabhā, pabhā.

Ano-. .

Kriyatthā bhāvakārakesvano hoti; gamanaṃ, dānaṃ, sampadānaṃ, apādānaṃ, adhikaraṇaṃ, calano, jalano, kodhano, kopano, maṇḍano, bhusano.

Itthiyamaṇaktikayakyā . ca-.

我來直譯這段巴利文: 從"hā"在稻和時中加"ṇana"在作者中;名為"hāyana"的稻;"歲";為何說"在稻和時中"?"舍者"。 從"vid"加"ku": 從"vid"在作者中加"ku";"智者","世間智者"。 從"vi"前的"ñā": 從以"vi"為字首的"ñā"在作者中加"ku";"知者";為何說"從vi"?"慧者"。 從業: 從業后的"ñā"在作者中加"ku";"一切知者","時知者"。 有時加"aṇa": 從業后從動作義在作者中有時加"aṇa";"制瓶者","取箭者","誦咒者" - 因說"廣泛"故此處不加,"見日","聞雪山","去村" - 為何說"有時"?"作業者"。 從"gam"加"rū": 從業后從"gam"在作者中加"rū";"達吠陀者","達彼岸者"。 從"samāna"、"añña"、"bhavanta"、"ya"等能比從"dis"在業中加"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka": 從"samāna"等和"ya"等能比后從"dis"在業施事中加"rī"、"rikkha"、"ka";"如同而見"成"類","類","類";"異類","異類","異類";"有類","有類","有類";"如何類","如何類","如何類";"彼類","彼類","彼類" - 為何說"從samāna等"?"如樹而見"。為何說"能比"?"彼見"。為何說"在業中"?"彼如見" - "ra"為末元音開首省略義。"ka"為無"e"義。 在狀態和施事中加"agha"、"ṇa"、"gha"、"ka": 在狀態和施事中從動作義廣泛加"agha"、"ṇa"、"gha"、"ka";"執持","執取","作","吞","積","勝","聲","有","煮","語","施食","施城","易作","難作","易作" - "ghaṇa"在狀態中 - "煮","說","有"。在施事中也在名稱中首先 - "以此行"故"足";"病"故"病";"入"故"裝束";"憶過去"故"實","堅義";"以此破"故"妻";"以此老"故"情夫" - 在非名稱中也 - "施","與";"得","得" - "gha" - "成熟者" - "ka" - "愛","投","享","武器"。 從"dā"和"dhā": 從"dā"和"dhā"在狀態和施事中廣泛加"i";"始","藏","發"。 從"vam"等加"athu": 從"vam"等在狀態和施事中加"athu";"吐","動"。 加"kvi": 從動作義在狀態和施事中廣泛加"kvi" - "ka"為標記施事義 - "勝","自有","食堂","票堂","會","光"。 加"ana": 從動作義在狀態和施事中加"ana";"去","施","等施","奪","處","動","燃","怒","惱","莊嚴","裝飾"。 在陰性中加"aṇ"、"akti"、"ka"、"ya"和:

Itthiliṅge bhāve kārake ca kriyatthā aādayo honta no ca bahulaṃ–-a-titikkhā. Vīmaṃsā, jigucchā, pipāsā, puttīyā, īhā, bhikkhā, āpadā, medhā, godhā–-ṇa-kārā, hārā, tārā, dhārā, ārā–-kti-iṭṭhi, siṭṭhi, bhitti, bhatti, tanti, bhuti –-ka- uhā, rujā, mudā,–-yaka-vijjā, ijjā–-ya-seyyā, samajjā, pabbajjā, paricariyā, jāgariyā–-ana-kāraṇā, hāraṇā, vedanā, vandanā, upāsanā.

Jāhāha-.

Jāhā iccetehi ni hotitthiyaṃ; jāni, hāni.

Karā ririyo-.

Karato ririyo hotitthiyaṃ;』karaṇaṃ』 kiriyā–-kathaṃ kriyāti?』Kriyāya』nti nipātanā.

Ikitī sarūpe-.

Kriyatthassa sarūpe』bhidheye kriyatthā pare ikitī honti; vaci, yudhi. Pacati.–-Akāro kakārotiādisu kārasaddena samāso, yathā evakāroti.

Sīlābhikkhaññāvassakesu ṇi-.

Kriyatthā ṇī hoti sīlādisu patīyamānesu; uṇhabhoji, khīrapāyī, avassakārī, satatdāyī.

Thāvarittarabhaṅgurabhidurabhāsurabhassarā-.

Ete saddā nipaccante sīle gamyamāne.

Kattari bhute ktavantuktāvī-.

Bhutatthe vattamānato kriyatthā ktavantuktāvī hontī kattari; vijitavā, vijitāvī; bhuteti adhikāro yāva āhāratthāti.

Kto bhāvakammesu-.

Bhāve kamme ca bhute kto hoti; āsitaṃ bhavatā; kato kaṭo bhavatā.

Kattarī cāramhe-.

Kriyārambhe kattari kto hota, yathāpattañca; pakato bhavaṃ kaṭaṃ; pakato kaṭo bhavatā; pasutto bhavaṃ; pasuttaṃ bhavatā.

Ṭhāsavasasilisaghiruhajarajanīhi-.

Ṭhādīhi kattari kto hoti yathāpattañca; upaṭṭhito gurumbhavaṃ, upaṭṭhito guru bhotā; upāsito gurumbhavaṃ, upāsito guru bhotā; anuvusito gurumbhavaṃ, anuvusito guru bhotā; āsiliṭṭho gurumbhavaṃ, āsiliṭṭho guru bhotā;

Adhisayito khaṭopikaṃ bhavaṃ, adhisayitā khaṭopikā bhotā; āruḷho rukkhaṃ bhavaṃ, āruḷho rukkho bhātā; anujiṇṇo vasaliṃ devadatto, anujiṇṇā vasalī devadattena; anujāto māṇavako māṇavikaṃ, anujātā māṇavikā māṇavakena.

Gamanatthākammakādhāre ca-.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 在陰性詞中,表示狀態和作用的動詞詞根,通常加上a等詞尾——如:忍受、思維、厭惡、渴望、愛子、努力、乞食、災禍、智慧、保護。 帶ṇa詞尾的有:帶走、救助、渡過、保持、遠離。 帶kti詞尾的有:建立、指示、墻壁、信仰、傳統、存在。 帶ka詞尾的有:洞穴、疾病、喜悅。 帶yaka詞尾的有:明智、成功。 帶ya詞尾的有:床榻、集會、出家、侍奉、覺醒。 帶ana詞尾的有:作為、運送、感受、禮敬、親近。 關於jāhāha: 從jāhā這些詞根派生陰性名詞時加ni詞尾,如:jāni(損失)、hāni(減少)。 關於karā ririyo: 從kara詞根派生陰性名詞時加ririyo詞尾,如:karaṇaṃ變為kiriyā(行為)。如何解釋kiriyā?這是由特殊規則而成。 關於同形詞ikitī: 當表示動作的詞根後面跟著表示相同含義的詞時,新增ikitī詞尾,如:vaci(說)、yudhi(戰)、pacati(煮)。在kakāra等詞中的a音與kāra一詞複合,如evakāra(如是說)。 在表示習性、乞食、必要時加ṇī: 動詞詞根在表示習性等義時加ṇī詞尾,如:愛吃熱食者、飲乳者、必作者、常施者。 關於thāvara等詞: 這些詞在表示習性時有特殊變化形式。 過去時中施動者加ktavantu和ktāvī: 表示過去時的動詞詞根在表示施動者時加ktavantu和ktāvī詞尾,如:vijitavā(已勝利者)、vijitāvī(已勝利者)。這個過去時的規則一直延續到表示食物的詞。 在表示狀態和受動時加kta: 在表示狀態和受動的過去時中加kta詞尾,如:āsitaṃ bhavatā(已被存在)、kato kaṭo bhavatā(已被製作)。 在施動者開始動作時也用: 在動作開始時表示施動者也加kta詞尾,依據具體情況變化,如:已開始製作、已被製作、已入睡等。 關於ṭhā等詞根: 從ṭhā等詞根派生表示施動者的詞時加kta詞尾並依具體情況變化,如:親近老師、侍奉老師、隨從老師、依附老師、躺在床上、爬上樹、跟隨卑賤者、傚法少年.少女等。 關於表示移動的不及物動詞: [這裡是最後一句的開始,但原文似乎未完成]

Gamanatthato akammakato ca kriyatthā ādhāre kto hoti kattari ca yathāpattañca; idamesaṃ yātaṃ, iha te yātaṃ, ihatehi yātaṃ, ayaṃ tehi yāto patho, idamesamāsitaṃ, iha te āsitā, iha tehi āsitaṃ, devo ce vaṭṭho sampannā sālayoti -kāraṇa sāmaggisampatti etthābhimatā.

Āhāratthā-.

Ajjhohāratthā ādhāre kto hoti yathāpattañca; idamesaṃ bhuttaṃ, idamesaṃ pītaṃ, iha tehi bhuttaṃ, iha tehi pītaṃ, odano tehi bhutto, pītamudakaṃ–-akattattho yogavibhāgo; kathaṃ pītā gāvoti?』Pītamesaṃ vijjatī』tipītā?Bāhulakā vā–-passinnoti yā ettha bhutakālatā tanra kto; evaṃ raññammato, raññamiṭṭho,raññambuddho, raññaṃ pūjito–-evaṃ sīlito, rakkhito, khanto, ākuṭṭho, ruṭṭho, rusito, abhivyāhaṭo, dayito, haṭṭho, kanto, saṃyato,amato–-kaṭṭhanti bhutatāyameva; hetuno phalaṃ tvatra bhāvi.

Tuṃtāyetave bhāve bhavissati kriyāyaṃ tadatthāyaṃ-.

Bhavissatiatthe vattamānato krayatthā bhāve tuṃtāye tave honti kriyāyaṃ tadatthāyaṃ patīyamānāyaṃ; kātuṃ gacchati; kattāye gacchati; kātave gacchati–-icchati bhottuṃ kāmeti bhottunti imināva siddhaṃpunabbidhānetvihāpi siyā icchanto karotīti–-evaṃ sakkotibhottuṃ, jānāti bhottuṃ, gilāyati bhottuṃ, ghaṭate bhottuṃ, ārabhate bhottuṃ, labhate bhottuṃ, pakkamati bhottuṃ, ussahatī bhontuṃ, arahati bhottuṃ, atthi bhottuṃ, vijjati bhottuṃ, vaṭṭati bhottuṃ, kappati bhottunti–-tathā pārayati bhottuṃ, pahu bhottuṃ, samattho bhottuṃ, pariyatto bhottuṃ, alaṃ bhottunti; bhavatissa sabbattha sambhavā–-tathā kālo bhottuṃ, samayo bhottuṃ, velā bhottunti–-yathā-bhottumano, sotuṃ soto, daṭṭhuṃ cakkhu. Yujjhituṃ dhanu, vattu jaḷo, gantuṃ mano, kattumalasoti–-uccāraṇantu vattāyattaṃ–-bhāveti kiṃ? Karissāmiti gacchati; kriyāyanti kiṃ? Bhikkhissaṃ iccassa jaṭā; tadatthāyanti kiṃ gacchissato te bhavissati bhattaṃ bhojanāya.

Paṭisedhe』laṃkhalūnaṃ tūnaktvānaktvā vā-.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 從表示移動的不及物動詞詞根派生處所補語時,加kta詞尾,對施動者也根據具體情況變化,如:這是他們所去之處、這裡是他們所在之處、這裡是他們所坐之處、這是他們所行之路、這是他們所居之處、這裡是他們所住之處、這裡是他們所坐之處。如果下雨,稻田就會豐收——這裡強調的是因緣和合的狀態。 關於表示食物的詞: 從表示吞食義的動詞詞根派生處所補語時加kta詞尾,並根據具體情況變化,如:這是他們所食之處、這是他們所飲之處、這裡是他們所食之處、這裡是他們所飲之處、這是他們所食之飯、這是所飲之水。非施動者的語法關係如何解釋"被飲用的牛"這樣的用法?是否可以理解為"它們有被飲用的性質"?或者可以說這是普遍用法。至於"看見"等詞,這裡的過去時性質並不加kta詞尾。同樣的還有:為王所思、為王所愿、為王所悟、為王所供養,以及:持戒、守護、忍耐、被咒罵、發怒、憤怒、被誹謗、被愛、歡喜、可愛、自製、不死等——這些都是表示過去時性質,這裡是因表示結果。 關於將來時中的動作目的: 當動詞詞根表示將來時的動作目的時,加tuṃ、tāye、tave等詞尾,如:去做、爲了做、爲了做。"想要吃"、"慾望吃"這樣的用法已經成立,即使重複使用也可以,如"想要做"。同樣的還有:能夠吃、知道吃、疲於吃、努力吃、開始吃、得以吃、前去吃、勇於吃、應該吃、可以吃、存在吃、適合吃、合宜吃等。還有:善於吃、能夠吃、有能力吃、熟練吃、足以吃等。這裡的"將有"可以用於所有場合。同樣還有:是吃飯時間、是吃飯時候、是吃飯時分等。如:想要吃、耳朵為聽、眼睛為見、弓箭為戰、舌頭為說、心意為行、手為作等。發音則取決於說話者。何為狀態?如"我將去做"。何為動作?如"我將乞食"的結髮。何為目的?如"你將去,將有飯食供你享用"。 關於否定: 在否定句中,[這裡原文似未完成]

Alaṃkhalusaddānaṃ paṭisedhatthānaṃpayoge tunādayo vā honti bhāve; alaṃ sotuna, khalu sotuna; alaṃ sutvāna, khalu sutvāna; alaṃ sutvā, khalu sutvā; laṃ sutena, khalu sutena–-alaṃ khalūnanti kiṃ? Mā hotu; paṭisedheti kiṃ? Alaṃkāro.

Pubbekakattukānaṃ-.

Eko kattā yesaṃ vyāpārānaṃ tesuyo pubbo tadatthato kriyatthā tunādayo honti bhāve; sotuna yāti, sutvāna, sutvāvā–-ekakattukānanti kiṃ bhuttasmiṃ devadatte yaññadatto vajati; pubbāti kiṃ? Bhuñjati ca pacati ca–-appattvā nadiṃ pabbato, atikkamma pabbataṃ nadīti bhudhātussa sabbattha sambhavā ekakattukatā pubbakālatā ca gamyate. Bhutvā bhutvā gacchatīti imināva siddhamābhikkhaññantu dibbacanāvagamyate–-kathaṃ jīvagāhaṃ agāhasi, kāyappacālakaṃ gacchantītiādi? Ghaṇantena kriyāvisesanena siddhaṃ; yathā odanapākaṃ sayatīti.

Nto kattari vattamāne-.

Cattamānatthe vattamānato kriyatthā nto hoti kattari; tiṭṭhanto.

Māno-.

Vattamānatthe vattamānato kriyatthā māno hoti kattari; tiṭṭhamāno.

Bhāvakammesu -.

Vattamānatthe vattamānato kriyatthā bhāve kamme ca māno hoti; ṭhīyamānaṃ, paccamāno odano.

Te ssapubbānāgate-.

Anāgatatthe vattamānato kriyanthā te ntamānā ssapubbā honti; ṭhassanto, ṭhassamāno, ṭhisissamānaṃ, paccassamāno odano.

Ṇvādayo-.

Kriyatthā pare bahakulaṃ ṇvādayo honti; cāru, dāru.

Khajayānamekassarodi dve-.

Khachasappaccayantānaṃ kriyatthānaṃ paṭhamamekassaraṃ saddarūpaṃ dve bhavati; titikkhā, jigucchā, vīmaṃsā.

Parokkhāyañca-.

Parokkhāyaṃ paṭhamamekassaraṃ saddarūpaṃ dve bhavati; jagāma–-cakāro avuttasamuccayattho; tenaññatrāpi yathāgamaṃ.

Jahāti, jahitabbaṃ, jahituṃ, daddallati, vaṅkamati–-lolupo, momuhoti ottaṃ』tadaminādi』 pāsā.

Ādismā sarā-.

Ādibhutā sarā paramekassaraṃ dve hoti; asisisati–-ādismāti kiṃ? Jajāgāra; sarāti kiṃ? Papāca.

Na puna-.

Gaṃ dvibhutaṃ na taṃ puna dvattamāpajjate; titikkhasati, jigucchisati.

Yathiṭṭhaṃ syādino-.

Syādyantassa yathiṭṭhamekassaramādibhutamaññaṃ vā yathāgamaṃ dvittamāpajjate; puputtiyisati, putittīyisatī, puttīyiyisati.

Rasso pubbassa-.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: 在帶有否定意義的alaṃ和khalu這兩個詞的用法中,動詞詞根可以任意加上tunā等詞尾來表示狀態,如:不要聽(五種表達方式)。為什麼要提到alaṃ和khalu?爲了區別于"不要有"這樣的用法。為什麼要提到否定?爲了區別于"裝飾"的用法。 關於前行動作的單一施動者: 對於具有同一施動者的多個動作中,從表示先行動作的動詞詞根可以加tunā等詞尾來表示狀態,如:聽了就走、聽完就走等。為什麼要說單一施動者?因為要區別"天授吃完后耶若達多才走"這樣的情況。為什麼要說前行?因為要區別"一邊吃一邊煮"這樣的情況。從"未到河就有山"、"越過山就是河"這樣的例子可以看出,bhū(有、存在)詞根在各處都表示單一施動者和前行時間。"一再地吃了又吃"這樣的重複意義已經成立,不需要再重複說明。那麼"活捉"、"身體搖擺著走"等用法如何解釋?這是通過表示動作特徵的複合詞得到解決的,就像"睡著做飯"這樣的用法。 關於現在時中的施動者: 當動詞詞根表示現在時的施動者時,加nta詞尾,如:正在站立的。 關於māna詞尾: 當動詞詞根表示現在時的施動者時,加māna詞尾,如:正在站立的。 關於狀態和受動: 當動詞詞根在現在時中表示狀態和受動時,加māna詞尾,如:正在被站立、正在被煮的飯。 關於帶ssa的未來時: 當動詞詞根表示未來時時,nta和māna詞尾前要加ssa,如:將要站立的、將要站立的、將要站立的、將要被煮的飯。 關於ṇva等詞尾: 動詞詞根后普遍可以加ṇva等詞尾,如:美好的、木材。 關於單音節重複: 以kha、cha、sa等詞綴結尾的動詞詞根,其第一個單音節要重複,如:忍耐、厭惡、思維。 關於過去完成時: 在過去完成時中,第一個單音節要重複,如:已經去。這裡的"和"字表示包含其他未提到的情況,所以在其他地方也要按規則使用。 如:捨棄、應當捨棄、爲了捨棄、閃耀、彎曲而行等——貪婪、愚癡等詞的詞尾變化遵循前述規則。 關於詞首元音: 位於詞首的元音,其後一個單音節要重複,如:asisisati(願望)。為什麼要說詞首?爲了區別jajāgāra(覺醒)這樣的詞。為什麼要說元音?爲了區別papāca(展開)這樣的詞。 關於不再重複: 已經重複過的音節不再進行重複,如:想要忍耐、想要厭惡。 關於syādi詞尾的隨意重複: 帶有syādi詞尾的詞,其詞首單音節或其他音節可以根據具體情況隨意重複,如:想要有子(三種不同表達)。 關於前音節的短音:[這裡原文似未完成]

Citte pubbassalaro rasso hoti; dadāti.

Lopo』nādibyañjanassa-.

Dvitte pubbassādito』ññassabyañjanassa lopo hoti; asisisati.

Khajasesvassi -.

Dvitte pubbassa assa i hoti khachasesu; pipāsati–-khacha sesūti kiṃ? Jahāti; assāti kiṃ? Bubhukkhati.

Gupissussa -.

Dvitte pubbassa gupissa ussa i hoti khachasesu; jigucchati.

Catutthadutiyayānaṃ tatiyapaṭhamā-.

Dvitte pubbesaṃ catutthadutiyānaṃ tatiyapaṭhamā honti; bubhukkhati. Ciccheda.

Kavaggahānaṃ cavaggajā-.

Dvitte pubbesaṃ kavaggahānaṃ vavaggajāhonti yathā kkamaṃ; cukopa, jahāti.

Mānassavī parassa ca maṃ-.

Dvitte pubbassamānassa vī hoti, parassaca maṃ; vīmaṃsati.

Kitassāsaṃsayeti vā-.

Saṃsayato』ññasmiṃ cattamānassadvitte pubbassa kitassavāti hoti; tikicchati. Cikicchati–-asaṃsayeti kiṃ? Vicikicchati.

Yuvaṇṇānamñoppaccaye-.

Ivaṇṇuvaṇṇantānaṃ kriyatthānaṃ ño honti yathākkamaṃ paccaye; cetabbaṃ, netabbaṃ, sotabbaṃ, bhavitabbaṃ.

Lahussupantassa-.

Lahubhutassa upantassa yuvaṇṇassa ño honti yathākkamaṃ; esitabbaṃ, kositabbaṃ–-lahussātikiṃ? Dhūpitā; upantassāti-kiṃ? Rundhati.

Assā ṇānubandhe -.

Ṇakārānubandhe paccaye pare upantassa akārassa āhoti; kārako.

Na te kānubandhanāgamesu-.

Te ñoā kānubandhe nāgame ca na honti; cito, suto, diṭṭho, puṭṭho–-nāgame vanādinā. –-Cinitabbaṃ, vinituṃ; suṇitabbaṃ, suṇituṃ; pāpuṇitabbaṃ, pāpuṇituṃ; dhunitabbaṃ, dhunituṃ, dhunanaṃ, dhunayitabbaṃ, dhunāpetabbaṃ, dhunayituṃ,dhunāpetuṃ, dhunayanaṃ, dhunāpanaṃ, dhunayati, dhunāpeti; pīnetabbaṃ, pīnayituṃ, pīnanaṃ, pīnituṃ, pīnayati; sunoti; sinoti; dunoti; hinoti; pahiṇitabbaṃ, pahiṇituṃ, pahiṇanaṃ.

Vā kvavi-.

Te kvaci vā na honti kānubandhanāgamesu; mudito modito; ruditaṃ, roditaṃ.

Aññatrāpi-.

Kānubandhanāgamato』ññasmimpi te kvaci na honti; khipako, panudanaṃ, vadhako.

Pye sissā-.

Sissa āti pyādese; nissāya.

Ñonamayavā sare-.

Sare pare ñonamayavā honti; jayo, bhavo–-sareti kiṃ? Jeti; anubhoti.

Āyāvā ṇānubandhe-.

Ñonamāyāvā honti sarādoṇānubandhe; nāyayati, bhāvayati. Sayāpetvātiādisurassattaṃ.

Āssāṇāpimhi yuka-.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: 在意識中,前音節的長音變為短音,如:dadāti(給予)。 關於非首輔音的脫落: 在重複時,除了詞首以外的輔音要脫落,如:asisisati(願望)。 關於kha-ja等音中的i音: 在重複時,前音節的a音在kha和cha等音中變成i音,如:pipāsati(渴望)。為什麼要說kha-cha等音?爲了區別jahāti(捨棄)這樣的詞。為什麼要說a音?爲了區別bubhukkhati(飢餓)這樣的詞。 關於gup詞根的u音: 在重複時,gup詞根的u音在kha和cha等音中變成i音,如:jigucchati(厭惡)。 關於第四和第二音變為第三和第一音: 在重複時,前面的第四和第二音變為第三和第一音,如:bubhukkhati(飢餓)、ciccheda(切斷)。 關於ka系音和ha音變為ca系音和ja音: 在重複時,前面的ka系音和ha音分別變為ca系音和ja音,如:cukopa(發怒)、jahāti(捨棄)。 關於mā變為vī和後面變為maṃ: 在重複時,前面的mā變為vī,後面變為maṃ,如:vīmaṃsati(思維)。 關於kit在非疑問時的變化: 在表示現在時的重複中,除疑問外,kit可以變為vā,如:tikicchati或cikicchati(治療)。為什麼要說非疑問?爲了區別vicikicchati(懷疑)這樣的詞。 關於i和u音在詞綴前的變化: 以i音和u音結尾的動詞詞根在加詞綴時,分別變為相應的ñ音,如:cetabbaṃ(應被想)、netabbaṃ(應被導)、sotabbaṃ(應被聞)、bhavitabbaṃ(應該有)。 關於倒數第二個輕音: 當倒數第二個音節為輕音時,其i音和u音分別變化,如:esitabbaṃ(應被尋)、kositabbaṃ(應被切)。為什麼要說輕音?爲了區別dhūpitā(熏)這樣的詞。為什麼要說倒數第二音?爲了區別rundhati(阻礙)這樣的詞。 關於帶ṇa的a音: 在帶有ṇa音的詞綴前,倒數第二個a音變為ā音,如:kārako(作者)。 關於不在ka和āgama前的變化: 這些變化在帶ka的詞綴和āgama前不發生,如:cito(已想)、suto(已聞)、diṭṭho(已見)、puṭṭho(已問)。在āgama前按vanādi規則處理。 如:應當積累、爲了修習、應當聽聞、爲了聽聞、應當達到、爲了達到、應當震動、爲了震動、震動、應當使震動、應當令震動、爲了使震動、爲了令震動、震動、令震動、使震動、令震動;應當使滿足、爲了使滿足、滿足、爲了滿足、使滿足;聽聞;繫縛;震動;帶走;應當派遣、爲了派遣、派遣。 [未完待續]

Ākārantassa kriyatthassa yuka hoti ṇāpito』ññasmiṃ ṇānubandhe; dāyako–-ṇānubandhetveva? Dānaṃ. Aṇāpimhīti kiṃ? Dāpayati.

Padādīnaṃ kvaci-.

Padādīnaṃ yuka hoti kvaci; nipajjitabbaṃ, nipajjituṃ, nipajjanaṃ, pamajjitabbaṃ, pamajjituṃ, pamajjanaṃ–-kvacīti kiṃ? Pādo.

Maṃ vā rudhādīnaṃ-.

Rudhādīnaṃ kvaci maṃ vā hoti; rundhituṃ, rujjhituṃ–-kvacitveva? Nirodho.

Kvamhi lopo』ntabyañjanassa-.

Antabyañjanassa lopo hoti kvamhi;』bhattaṃ ghasanti, gaṇhanti vāetthā』ti bhattaggaṃ.

Pararūpamayakāre byañjane-.

Kriyatthānamantabyañjanassa pararūpaṃ hoti yakārato』ññasmiṃ byañjane; hettabbaṃ; byañjaneti kiṃ? Bhinditabbaṃ. Ayakāreti kiṃ? Bhijjati.

Manānaṃ niggahītaṃ-.

Makāranakārantānaṃ kriyatthānaṃ niggahītaṃ hotayayakāre byañjane; gantabbaṃ, jaṅghā. Byañjanetveva? Gamanaṃ; aya kāretveva? Gamyate.

Na brūsso-.

Brūssa o na hoti byañjane; brūmi. Byañjanetveva? Abravi.

Kagā cajānaṃ ghānubandhe-.

Ghānubandhe cakārajakārantānaṃ kriyatthānaṃ kagā honti yathākkamaṃ; vākyaṃ, bhāgyaṃ.

Hanassa ghāto ṇānubandhe-.

Hanassa ghāto hoti ṇānubandhe; āghāto.

Kvimhī gho paripaccasamohi-.

Paṭhyādīhi parassahanassagho hoti kvimhi; paligho, paṭigho, aghaṃ-rassattaṃ nipātanā;saṅgho, ogho.

Parassa ghaṃ se-.

Dvitte parassa hanassa ghaṃ hoti se; jighaṃsā.

Jiharānaṃ giṃ-.

Dvitte paresaṃ jiharānaṃ giṃ hoti se; vijigiṃsā, jigiṃsā.

Dhāssa ho-.

Dvitte parassa dhāssa ha hoti; dahati.

Ṇimhi dīgho dusassa-.

Dusassadīgho hoti ṇimhī; dūsito–-ṇimhīti kiṃ? Duṭṭho.

Guhissa sare-

Guhissa dīgho hoti sare; niguhanaṃ–-sareti kiṃ? Guyhaṃ.

Muhabahānañca te kānubandhe』tve-.

Muhabahānaṃ guhissa ca dīgho hoti takārādo kānubandhetvānatvāvajjite; mūḷho, bāḷehā, guḷho–-neti kiṃ? Muyahati. Kānubandheti kiṃ? Mu-hitabbaṃ. Atveti kiṃ? Muyhitvāna, muyhitvā, kānubandhetveti ayamadhikāro yāva sāsassasisve『『ti.

Vahassussa-.

Vahassौssa dīgho hoti te kānubandhe tvānatvāvajjite; cūḷho.

Dhāssa hi-.

Dhā dhāraṇenimassa hi hoti te kānubandhe tvānatvā vajjite; nihito, nihitavā.

Hamādirānaṃ lopo』ntassa -.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: 在以ā結尾的動詞詞根后,除了ṇāpi以外的帶ṇa詞綴前加yuka,如:dāyako(施予者)。為什麼要說帶ṇa詞綴?爲了區別dānaṃ(佈施)這樣的詞。為什麼要說非ṇāpi?爲了區別dāpayati(使施予)這樣的詞。 關於pad等詞根: pad等詞根有時加yuka詞綴,如:應當躺下、爲了躺下、躺下、應當放逸、爲了放逸、放逸。為什麼要說"有時"?爲了區別pādo(腳)這樣的詞。 關於rudh等詞根的maṃ: rudh等詞根有時可以任意加maṃ,如:爲了阻礙、爲了被阻礙。為什麼還要說"有時"?爲了區別nirodho(滅)這樣的詞。 關於kva詞綴前的詞尾輔音脫落: 在kva詞綴前詞尾輔音要脫落,如:bhattaggaṃ(食堂,因為"在此處吃飯或取食")。 關於非y音輔音前的后音: 動詞詞根在除y以外的輔音前,詞尾輔音採用後續音的形式,如:hettabbaṃ(應當放置)。為什麼要說輔音?爲了區別bhinditabbaṃ(應當破壞)這樣的詞。為什麼要說非y音?爲了區別bhijjati(被破壞)這樣的詞。 關於m和n的鼻音化: 以m和n結尾的動詞詞根在非y音的輔音前變成鼻音,如:gantabbaṃ(應當去)、jaṅghā(小腿)。為什麼要說輔音?爲了區別gamanaṃ(行走)這樣的詞。為什麼要說非y音?爲了區別gamyate(被去)這樣的詞。 關於brū詞根不變o音: brū詞根在輔音前不變成o音,如:brūmi(我說)。為什麼要說輔音?爲了區別abravi(他說)這樣的詞。 關於帶gha的c和j變為k和g: 在帶gha的詞綴前,以c和j結尾的動詞詞根分別變為k和g音,如:vākyaṃ(語言)、bhāgyaṃ(福分)。 關於han詞根在帶ṇa詞綴前變為ghāta: han詞根在帶ṇa詞綴前變為ghāta,如:āghāto(打擊)。 關於kvi詞綴前變為gho: 在paṭhi等詞根后,han詞根在kvi詞綴前變為gho,如:paligho(門閂)、paṭigho(嗔恨)、aghaṃ(苦)——短音是特殊情況;saṅgho(僧團)、ogho(暴流)。 關於重複時後部分變為ghaṃ: 在重複時,後面的han詞根在se詞綴前變為ghaṃ,如:jighaṃsā(欲殺)。 關於ji和har變為giṃ: 在重複時,後面的ji和har詞根在se詞綴前變為giṃ,如:vijigiṃsā(欲勝)、jigiṃsā(欲求)。 關於dhā變為ha: 在重複時,後面的dhā詞根變為ha,如:dahati(放置)。 關於dus在ṇi前的長音: dus詞根在ṇi詞綴前變為長音,如:dūsito(被污染)。為什麼要說ṇi?爲了區別duṭṭho(被污染)這樣的詞。 [未完待續]

Hamādīnaṃ rakārantānaṃ vāntassalopo hoti te kānubandhe tvānatvāvajjite; gato, khato, hato, mato, tato, saññato, rato, kato–-tetveca? Gamyate. Kānubandhetveva. Gantabbaṃ. Atvetveva? Gantvāna, gantvā.

Vacādinaṃ vassuṭa vā-.

Vacādīnaṃ vassa vā uṭa hoti kānubandhe』tve; uttā, vuttaṃ; utthaṃ, vutthaṃ; atvetveva? Vatvāna, vatvā.

Assu-.

Vacādīnamassa u hoti kānubandhe』tve; vuttaṃ, vutthaṃ.

Vaddhassa vā-.

Vaddhassa assa vā u hoti kānubandhe』tve; vuddho, vaddho–-atvetvava? Vaddhitvāna; vaddhitvā. Kathaṃ vuttīti?』Vutti matte』ti. Nipātanā; vattīti hoteva yathālakkhaṇaṃ.

Yajassayassa ṭiyī-.

Yajassa yassa ṭiyī hontī kānubandhe』tve; iṭṭhaṃ, siṭṭhaṃ, atvetveva? Yajitvāna, yajitvā.

Ṭhāssi-.

Ṭhāssi hoti kānubandhe』tve; ṭhito. Atvetveva? Ṭhatvāna, ṭhatvā.

Gāpānami hoti kānubandhe』tve; gītaṃ, pītaṃ. Atvetveva? Gāyitvā; niccaṃ yāgamo; pāssa tu pītvāni bahulādhikārā.

Janissā-.

Janissa ā hoti kānubandhe』tve; jāto. Atvetveva? Janitvā.

Sāsassasisvā-.

Sāsassa vā sishoti kānubandhe』tve; siṭṭhaṃ, satthaṃ; sisso, sāsiyo. Atvetveva? Anusāsitvāna.

Karassātave-.

Karassaā hoti tave; kātave.

Tuṃtunatabbesuvā-.

Tumādisu vā karassā hoti; kātuṃ, kattuṃ, kātuna, kattuna; kātabbaṃ, kattabbaṃ.

Ñassa ne jā-.

Ñadhātussa jā hoti nakāre; jānituṃ, jānatto. Neti kiṃ? Ñāto.

Sakāpānaṃ kukku ṇe-.

Sakaāpānaṃ kukku iccete āgamā honti ṇakāre. Sakkuṇanto, pāpuṇanto; sakkuṇoti, pāpuṇoti. Ṇeti kiṃ? Sakkoti, pāpeti.

Nito cissa jo-.

Nismā parassa cissa cho hoti; nicchayo.

Jarasadānamima vā-.

Jarasadānamantasarā paro īma hoti vibhāsā; jīraṇā, jīrati, jīrāpeti; nisīditabbaṃ, nisīdanaṃ, nisīdituṃ, nisīdati–-vāti kiṃ? Jarā, nisajjā;』īma veti yogavibhāgā aññesampi?Abhiratha, saṃyogādilopo』tthassa.

Disassa passadassadasdadakkhā-.

Disassa passādayo honti vibhāsā; vipassanā, vipassituṃ, vipassati; sudassī, piyadassī, dhammadassī, sudassaṃ, dassanaṃ, dasseti; daṭṭhabbaṃ, daṭṭhā, daṭṭhuṃ, duddaso, addasa; addā, addaṃ; addakkhi, dakkhissati–-vātveva? Dissanti bālā.

Samānā ro rīrikkhakesu -.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: 以ha開頭的以r結尾的詞根,在帶ka詞綴前且不是tvāna和tvā時,詞尾要脫落,如:已去、已挖、已打、已死、已展開、已制御、已喜、已作。為什麼要說"帶te"?爲了區別gamyate(被去)這樣的詞。為什麼要說"帶ka"?爲了區別gantabbaṃ(應當去)這樣的詞。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別gantvāna(已去)、gantvā(已去)這樣的詞。 關於vac等詞根的va變uṭa: vac等詞根的va音在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前可以任意變為uṭa,如:uttā(已說)、vuttaṃ(已說)、utthaṃ(已住)、vutthaṃ(已住)。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別vatvāna(已說)、vatvā(已說)這樣的詞。 關於變為u音: vac等詞根的a音在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前變為u音,如:vuttaṃ(已說)、vutthaṃ(已住)。 關於vaddha的任意變化: vaddha的a音在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前可以任意變為u音,如:vuddho(已長大)、vaddho(已長大)。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別vaddhitvāna(已長大)、vaddhitvā(已長大)這樣的詞。那麼vutti(生活)這個詞如何解釋?這是由特殊規則形成的,但vatti這樣的形式也可以按常規規則使用。 關於yaj的y變為ṭi和yī: yaj詞根的y音在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前變為ṭi和yī,如:iṭṭhaṃ(已祭祀)、siṭṭhaṃ(已教導)。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別yajitvāna(已祭祀)、yajitvā(已祭祀)這樣的詞。 關於ṭhā詞根: ṭhā詞根在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前有特殊變化,如:ṭhito(已站立)。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別ṭhatvāna(已站立)、ṭhatvā(已站立)這樣的詞。 gā和pā詞根在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前變為ī音,如:gītaṃ(已唱)、pītaṃ(已喝)。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別gāyitvā(已唱);yā音的加入是必然的;而pā詞根則因多種用法而有pītvā的形式。 關於jan詞根: jan詞根在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前變為ā音,如:jāto(已生)。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別janitvā(已生)這樣的詞。 關於sās詞根: sās詞根在帶ka且非tvā的詞綴前可以任意變為sis,如:siṭṭhaṃ(已教導)、satthaṃ(經典)、sisso(學生)、sāsiyo(應被教導)。為什麼要說"非tvā"?爲了區別anusāsitvāna(已教導)這樣的詞。 [未完待續]

Samānasaddato parassa disassa ra hoti vā rīrikkhakesu; sarī, sadī; sarikkho, sadikkho; sariso, sadiso.

Dahassa dassaḍo-.

Dahassa dassaḍo hoti vā; ḍānehā, dāho; ḍahati, dahati.

Anaghaṇsvāparīhi ḷo-.

Āparīhi parassa dahassa dassa ḷo hotanaghaṇsu; āṇāhanaṃ, pariḷāho.

Atyādintesvatthissa bhu-.

Tyādinnavajjitesu paccayesu asa bhuviccassa bhu hoti; bhavitabbaṃ.

Ādesavidhānamasassāppayogatthametasmiṃ visaye–-etena katthaci kassaci dhātussāppayogo』pi ñāpito hoti–-atyādintesūti kiṃ? Atthi, santo. Atthissāti kiṃ? Assatissa mā hotu.

Aāssaādisu -.

Aādo āādo ssaādo ca atthassa bhu hoti; babhuva, abhavā, abhavissā, bhavissati.

Ntamānāntiyiyuṃsvādilopo-.

Ntādīsvatthissādilopo hoti; santo, samāno, santi, santu, siyā, siyuṃ–-etesviti kiṃ? Atthi.

Pādito ṭhāssa vā ṭhago kvaci-.

Pādīhi kriyāvisesajotakehi saddehi parassa ṭhāssa kvaci ṭhaho vā hoti; saṇṭhahanto, santiṭṭhanto; saṇṭhahati, santiṭṭhati–-pa parā apa saṃanu ava o ni du vi adhi api ati su uabhipati pari upa ā pādi; kvacīti kiṃ? Saṇṭhiti.

Dāssiyaṅi-.

Pādito parassa dāssa iyaṅi henāti kvaci; anādisitvā, samādiyati; kvacītveva? Ādāya.

Pādito parassakarassa kvacikha hoti; saṅkhāro, saṅkharī yati –-karassāti avatvā karotissāti vacanaṃ timhi ca vikaraṇuppatti ñāpetuṃ.

Purasmā-.

Pura iccasmā nipātā parassa karassakha hoti; purakkhatvā, purekkhāro, ettaṃ tadaminādipāṭhā.

Tito kamassa-.

Nismā parassa kamassa kvaci kha hoti; purakkhatvā, purekkhāro, ettaṃ tadaminādipāṭhā.

Nito kamassa-.

Nismā parassa kamassa kvaci kha hoti; nikkhamati; kvacitveva? Nikkamo.

Yuvaṇṇānamiyaṅuvaṅi sare-.

Ivaṇṇuvaṇṇantānaṃ kriyatthānamiyaṅuvaṅi honti sare kvavi;vediyati, bruvanti; sareti kiṃ? Nivedeti, brūti; kvacītveva? Jayati, bhavati.

Aññādissāssī kye-.

Ñādito』ññassa ākārantassa kriyatthassa ī hoti kye; diyati; aññādissāti kiṃ? Ñāyati, tāyati.

Tanassā vā-.

Tanassa ā hoti vā kye; tāyate, taññate.

Dīgho sarassa-.

Sarantassa kriyatthassadīgho hoti kye; cīyate, sūyate. Sānantarassa tassa ṭho-.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 在samāna詞后,dis詞根在rī、rikkha等詞綴前可以變為ra音,如:sarī或sadī(看見)、sarikkho或sadikkho(相似)、sariso或sadiso(相似)。 關於dah詞根變為ḍa: dah詞根的d音可以任意變為ḍ音,如:ḍānehā或dāho(燃燒)、ḍahati或dahati(燃燒)。 關於非ghaṇ的ā和pari后變為ḷa: 在ā和pari后,dah詞根的d音在非ghaṇ詞綴前變為ḷ音,如:āṇāhanaṃ(膨脹)、pariḷāho(焦燥)。 關於非ty等詞綴前as變為bhu: 在除ty等以外的詞綴前,as(存在)詞根變為bhu,如:bhavitabbaṃ(應當有)。 這個替代規則的制定是爲了說明在這種情況下某些詞根的不使用——這也表明在某些情況下某些詞根是不使用的。為什麼要說"非ty等"?爲了區別atthi(有)、santo(存在)這樣的詞。為什麼要說"as詞根"?爲了區別assati(拋)的否定形式。 關於a、ā等詞綴前: as詞根在a、ā等詞綴前變為bhu,如:babhuva(曾有)、abhavā(已有)、abhavissā(將有)、bhavissati(將有)。 關於nt等詞綴前的詞首脫落: as詞根在nt等詞綴前詞首要脫落,如:santo(存在)、samāno(存在)、santi(有)、santu(愿有)、siyā(可能有)、siyuṃ(可能有)。為什麼要說"這些詞綴"?爲了區別atthi(有)這樣的詞。 關於pa等字首后ṭhā的變化: 在表示動作特徵的pa等字首后,ṭhā詞根有時可以任意變為ṭha或ho,如:saṇṭhahanto或santiṭṭhanto(停立)、saṇṭhahati或santiṭṭhati(停立)——pa、parā、apa、saṃ、anu、ava、o、ni、du、vi、adhi、api、ati、su、u、abhi、pati、pari、upa、ā等字首。為什麼要說"有時"?爲了區別saṇṭhiti(停立)這樣的詞。 關於dā後加iyaṅ: 在pa等字首后,dā詞根有時變為iyaṅ,如:anādisitvā(未指示)、samādiyati(受持)。為什麼要說"有時"?爲了區別ādāya(取)這樣的詞。 [未完待續]

Sakārantato kriyatthā parassānantarassatakārassa ṭha hoti; kuṭṭho, tuṭṭhavā, tuṭṭhabbaṃ, tuṭṭhī; ananatarasāti kiṃ? Tussitvā.

Kasassima ca vā-.

Kasasmā parassānantarassa tassa ṭha hoti, kasassa vā ima ca; kiṭṭhaṃ, kaṭṭhaṃ–-anantarassātveva? Kasitabbaṃ.

Dhastotrastā -.

Ete saddā nipaccante.

Pucchādito-.

Pucchādīhi kriyatthehi parassānantarassa takārassaṭha hoti; puṭṭho, bhaṭṭho, yiṭṭho–-anantarassātveva? Pucchitvā.

Sāsavasasaṃsasasā tho-.

Etehi parassānantarassa tassa tha hoti; satthaṃ, vutthaṃ, pasatthaṃ, satthaṃ–-kathamanusiṭṭhoti? 『『Kathanarānaṃ ṭaṭhaṇalā『『ti. Ṭho. Anantarassātveva? Sāsatuṃ.

Dho dahabhehi-.

Dhakārahakārabhakārantehi kriyatthehi parassānantarassa tassa dha hoti; vuddho, duddhaṃ,laddhaṃ.

Dahā ḍho-.

Dahā parassānantarassa tassa ḍha hoti; daṅḍho.

Bahassuma ca-.

Bahā parassānantarassa tassa so hoti, bahassuma ca sasantayogena; buḍḍho.

Ruhādīhi ho ḷa ca -.

Ruhādīhi parassānantarassatassa ha hoti, ḷo cāntassa; āruḷho, guḷho, vuḷho, bāḷho; anantarassātveva? Ārogatuṃ.

Muhā vā-.

Muhā parassānantarassa tassa ha hoti vā, ḷo cāntassa hasantiyogena; muḷho, muddho.

Bhidādito no ktakkavantunaṃ-. Bhidādito paresaṃ ktaktavantunaṃ tassano hoti; bhinno, bhinnavā, chinno, chinnavā, channo, channavā, khinno, khinnavā, uppanno, uppananavā, sinno, sinnavā, sanenā, sannavā, pīno, pīnavā, sūno, sūnavā, dīno, dīnavā, ḍīno, ḍīnavā, līno, līnavā, lūno, lūnavā–-ktaktavantunatti kiṃ? Bhitti; chitti, bhottuṃ, chettuṃ.

Dātthīnno-.

Dāto paresaṃ ktaktavantunaṃ tassa inno hoti; dinno, dinnavā.

Kirādīhi ṇo-.

Kirādīhi paresaṃ ktaktavantunaṃ tassānantarassa ṇa hoti; kiṇṇo, kiṇṇavā, puṇṇo, puṇṇavā, khīṇo, khīṇavā.

Tarādīha riṇṇo-.

Tarādīhi paresaṃ ktaktavantunaṃ tassaraṇṇo hoti; tiṇṇo, tiṇṇavā, jiṇṇo, jiṇṇavā, ciṇṇo, ciṇṇavā.

Go bhañjādīhi-.

Bhañjādīhi paresaṃktaktavantunaṃ tassānantarassaga hoti; bhaggo, bhaggavā, laggo, laggavā, nimuggo, nimuggavā, saṃviggo, saṃviggavā.

Susā kho-.

Susā paresaṃ ktaktavantunaṃ tassa kho hoti; sukkheṃ, sukkhavā.

Pacā ko-.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 在以s結尾的動詞詞根后,其緊接的t音變為ṭha,如:kuṭṭho(已打)、tuṭṭhavā(已滿足)、tuṭṭhabbaṃ(應當滿足)、tuṭṭhī(滿足)。為什麼要說"緊接"?爲了區別tussitvā(已滿足)這樣的詞。 關於kas詞根的變化: 在kas詞根后,緊接的t音變為ṭha,kas詞根本身可以任意變為ima,如:kiṭṭhaṃ或kaṭṭhaṃ(已耕)。為什麼要說"緊接"?爲了區別kasitabbaṃ(應當耕)這樣的詞。 dhasta和trasta這兩個詞是特殊形式。 關於puccha等詞根: 在puccha等動詞詞根后,緊接的t音變為ṭha,如:puṭṭho(已問)、bhaṭṭho(已落)、yiṭṭho(已祭)。為什麼要說"緊接"?爲了區別pucchitvā(已問)這樣的詞。 關於sāsa、vasa、saṃsa、sa等詞根: 在這些詞根后,緊接的t音變為tha,如:satthaṃ(已教)、vutthaṃ(已住)、pasatthaṃ(已贊)、satthaṃ(已住)。那麼anusiṭṭho(已教導)這個詞如何解釋?這是根據"ka和na音變為ṭa、ṭha、ṇa、la"的規則。為什麼要說"緊接"?爲了區別sāsatuṃ(爲了教導)這樣的詞。 關於以dha、ha、bha結尾的詞根: 在以dha、ha、bha結尾的動詞詞根后,緊接的t音變為dha,如:vuddho(已長大)、duddhaṃ(已擠奶)、laddhaṃ(已得)。 關於daha詞根: 在daha詞根后,緊接的t音變為ḍha,如:daṅḍho(遲鈍)。 關於baha詞根: 在baha詞根后,緊接的t音變為sa,baha本身則與sa音相結合變為uma,如:buḍḍho(已生長)。 關於ruha等詞根: 在ruha等詞根后,緊接的t音變為ha,詞尾變為ḷa,如:āruḷho(已升)、guḷho(已隱)、vuḷho(已運)、bāḷho(已強)。為什麼要說"緊接"?爲了區別ārogatum(爲了升)這樣的詞。 關於muha詞根: 在muha詞根后,緊接的t音可以任意變為ha,詞尾與ha音相結合變為ḷa,如:muḷho或muddho(已迷)。 [未完待續]

Pacā paresaṃ ktakkavantunaṃ tassa ko hoti; pakko, pakkavā.

Mucā vā-.

Mucā paresaṃktaktavantunaṃ tassa ko vā hoti; mukko, mutto; mukkavā, muttavā–-sakkoti ṇvādisu siddhaṃ–-ktaktavantusu satto sattavātveva hoti.

Lopo vaḍḍhā ktissa-.

Vaḍḍhā parassaktissa tassa lopo hoti; vaḍḍhi.

Kvissa-.

Kriyatthā parassa kvissa lopo hoti; abhibhu.

Ṇiṇāpīnaṃ tesu-.

Ṇiṇāpīnaṃ lopo hoti tesu ṇiṇāpīsu;』kārentaṃ payojayayati』kāreti, kārāpeti.

Kvacī vikaraṇānaṃ-.

Vikaraṇānaṃ kvaci lopo hota; udapādi, hanti.

Mānassa massa-.

Kriyatthā parassa mānassa makārassa lopo hoti kvaci; karāṇo; kvacati kiṃ? Kurumāno.

Eilasse-.

Eilāname hota kvacī; gahetvā, adenti; kvacītveva? Vapitvā.

Pyo vā tvāssa samāse-.

Tvāssavā pyo hota samāse; pakāro』pye sassā』ti. Visesanatthā; abhibhūya, abhibhavitvā–-samāseti kiṃ? Patvā; kvavāsamāse』pi bahakulādhikārā?Lataṃ dantehi chindiya.

Tuṃyānā-.

Tvāssa vā tuṃyānā honti samāse kvaci; abhihaṭhūṃ, abhiharitvā; anumodiyāna, anumoditvā–-asamāse-pi bahulādhikārā? Daṭhuṃ; disvā–-esamappavisayatāñāpanattho yogavibhāgo.

Hanā racco-.

Hanasmā parassa tvāssa racco vā hoti samāse; ahacca, ahanitvā.

Sāsādhikarā cacariccā-.

Sāsādhīhi parā karā parassa tvāssa cacariccā vā honti yathākkamaṃ; sakkacca, sakkaritvā, asakkacca, asakkaritvā, adhikicca, adhikaritvā,

Ito cco-.

Iiccasmā parassa tvāssa cco vā hoti; adhicca, adhiyitvā, samecca, sametvā.

Disā vānavā sa ca-.

Disato tvāssa vānavā honti vā, disassa ca sakāro taṃ santiyogena; sassa savidhānaṃ pararūpabādhanatthaṃ; disvāna, disvā, passitvā–-kathaṃ nādaṭṭhā parato dosanti? Ñāpakātvāssa valopo; evaṃ laddhā(na) dhanantiādisu.

Ei byañjanassa-.

Kriyatthā parassa byañjanādippaccayassa ñi vā hoti; bhuñjituṃ, hottu; byañjanassāti kiṃ? Pācako.

Rā nassa ṇo-.

Rāntato kriyatthā parassa paccayanakārassa ṇo hoti; araṇaṃ, saraṇaṃ.

Na ntamānatyyādinaṃ-.

Rāntato paresaṃ ntamānatyādīnaṃ nassa ṇo na hoti; karonto, kurumāno; karonti.

Gamayamisāsadisānaṃ vā cchaṅi-.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 在paca詞根后,緊接的kt和ktavantu詞綴的t音變為k音,如:pakko(已煮)、pakkavā(已煮的)。 關於muca詞根: 在muca詞根后,緊接的kt和ktavantu詞綴的t音可以任意變為k音,如:mukko或mutto(已解脫)、mukkavā或muttavā(已解脫的)。而在ṇva等詞綴中sakka(能夠)是已成立的形式。在kt和ktavantu詞綴中,satta和sattavā(已執著)是固定形式。 關於vaḍḍha后kti的脫落: 在vaḍḍha詞根后,kti詞綴的t音要脫落,如:vaḍḍhi(增長)。 關於kvi詞綴: 在動詞詞根后,kvi詞綴要脫落,如:abhibhu(征服)。 關於ṇi和ṇāpi的脫落: 在這些詞綴自身前,ṇi和ṇāpi要脫落,如:kāreti(使做)、kārāpeti(令做),意為"使令作者行動"。 關於連線音的偶爾脫落: 連線音有時要脫落,如:udapādi(生起)、hanti(殺)。 關於māna的m音脫落: 在動詞詞根后,māna詞綴的m音有時要脫落,如:karāṇo(正在做)。為什麼說"有時"?爲了區別kurumāno(正在做)這樣的詞。 關於i和e音取代i和ī: i和ī音有時變為e音,如:gahetvā(已取)、adenti(給予)。為什麼說"有時"?爲了區別vapitvā(已播種)這樣的詞。 關於複合詞中tvā變為pya: 在複合詞中,tvā詞綴可以任意變為pya,如同"在pya中的sa"規則。這是爲了表示特殊性質;如:abhibhūya或abhibhavitvā(已征服)。為什麼要說"複合詞"?爲了區別patvā(已達)這樣的詞。由於"多樣性"規定的存在,非複合詞中也可以使用,如:用牙齒切斷藤蔓。 [未完待續]

Etesaṃ vā cchaṅi hoti ntamānatyādisu; gacchanto, gacchamāno, gacchati; yacchanto, yacchamāno, yacchati; icchanto, icchamāno, icchati; acchanto, acchamāno, acchati; dicchanto, dicchamāno, dicchati. Vāti kiṃ? Gamissati; vavatthita vihāsattenaññesu ca kvaci? Icchitabbaṃ, icchā, icchituṃ; acchitabbaṃ, acchatuṃ; aññesañca yogavibhāgā? Pavecchati.

Jaramarānamīyaṅi-.

Etesamīyaṅi vā hoti ntamānatyādisu; jīyanto, jīranto; jīyamāno, jīramāno; jīyati, jīrati; mīyanto, maranto; mīyamāno, maramāno; mīyati, marati.

Ṭhāpānaṃ tiṭṭhapivā-.

Ṭhapānaṃ tiṭṭhapivā honti vā ntamānatyādisu; tiṭṭhanto, tiṭṭhamāno, tiṭṭhati; pivanto, pivati; vātveva? Ṭhāti, pāti.

Gamavadadānaṃ ghammavajjadajjā-.

Gamādīnaṃ ghammādayo vā honti ntamānatyyādisu; ghammanto, gacchanto; vajjanto, vadanto; dajjanto, dadanto.

Karassa sossa kubbakurukayirā-.

Karassa saokārassa kubbādayo vā honti ntamānatyādisu; kubbanto, kayiranto, karonto; kubbamāno, kurumāno, kayiramāno, karāṇo; kubbati, kayirati, karoti; kubbate, kurute, kayirate–-vacatthitavibhāsattā vādhikārassa bhiyyo mānaparacchakkesukuru, kvavideva pubbacchakke? Agghaṃ kurutu no bhavaṃ; sossāti vuttattā kattari yevime.

Gahassa gheppo-.

Gahassa vā gheppoti ntamānatyādisu; gheppanto, gheppamāno, gheppati–-vātveva? Gaṇhāti.

Ṇo niggahitassa-.

Gahassa niggahatassa ṇo hoti; gaṇhitabbaṃ, gaṇhituṃ, gaṇhanto.

Iti moggallāne vyākaraṇe vuttiyaṃ khādikaṇḍo pañcamo.

Vattamāne tiantisithamimatñante sevhñemhe-.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 對於這些詞根,在nt、māna和t等詞綴前可以任意變為ccha和ṅ音,如: gacchanto(正在去)、gacchamāno(正在去)、gacchati(去); yacchanto(正在給)、yacchamāno(正在給)、yacchati(給); icchanto(正在欲)、icchamāno(正在欲)、icchati(欲); acchanto(正在住)、acchamāno(正在住)、acchati(住); dicchanto(正在見)、dicchamāno(正在見)、dicchati(見)。 為什麼說"任意"?爲了區別gamissati(將去)這樣的詞。由於確定的規則性,在其他情況下也有時使用,如:icchitabbaṃ(應當欲)、icchā(慾望)、icchituṃ(爲了欲);acchitabbaṃ(應當住)、acchatuṃ(爲了住)。通過規則的分離,其他詞也可以這樣使用,如:pavecchati(佈施)。 關於jara和mara詞根: 這些詞根在nt、māna和t等詞綴前可以任意取īyaṅ形式,如: jīyanto或jīranto(正在老);jīyamāno或jīramāno(正在老);jīyati或jīrati(老); mīyanto或maranto(正在死);mīyamāno或maramāno(正在死);mīyati或marati(死)。 關於ṭhā和pā詞根: ṭhā和pā詞根在nt、māna和t等詞綴前可以任意變為tiṭṭha和piva,如: tiṭṭhanto(正在立)、tiṭṭhamāno(正在立)、tiṭṭhati(立); pivanto(正在飲)、pivati(飲)。 為什麼說"任意"?爲了區別ṭhāti(立)、pāti(飲)這樣的詞。 關於gam、vad和dā詞根: gam等詞根在nt、māna和t等詞綴前可以任意變為ghamma等形式,如: ghammanto或gacchanto(正在去);vajjanto或vadanto(正在說);dajjanto或dadanto(正在給)。 關於kar詞根的sa音: kar詞根的sa音在nt、māna和t等詞綴前可以任意變為kubba、kuru、kayira等形式,如: kubbanto、kayiranto、karonto(正在做); kubbamāno、kurumāno、kayiramāno、karāṇo(正在做); kubbati、kayirati、karoti(做); kubbate、kurute、kayirate(為自己做)。 由於規則的確定性,"任意"的使用在māna後綴中更多地採用kuru形式,而在字首中只在某些情況下使用,如:愿尊者為我們定價。由於說明了"sa音",這些形式只用于主動語態。 [未完待續]

Vattamānñāraddhāparisamatte atthe vattamānato kriyatthā tyādayo hontī; gacchati, gacchanti, gacchasi, gacchatha, gacchāmi, gacchāma; gacchate, gacchante, gacchase, gacchavhe, gacche, gacchamhe –-kathaṃ pure adhammo dippati, purā marāmiti? Vattamānasseva vattumiṭṭhattā, taṃsamīpassataggahaṇena gahaṇā; purepurāsaddehi vā anāgatattāvagamyate, tadā tassa vattamānattā; kālavyattayo vā eso; bhavanteva hi kālantare』pi tyādayo bāhulakā?『『Santesu pariguhāmi mā ca kiñci ito adaṃ, kāyayassa bhedā abhisamparāyaṃ sahavyataṃ gacchati vāsavassa, anekajātisaṃsāraṃ sandhāvissaṃ, ativelaṃ namassissanti『『.

Bhavassati ssatissantissasissathassāmissāmassatessante ssasessavhessaṃssāmhe-.

Bhavissati anāraddhe atthe vattamānato kriyatthā ssatyādayo honti; gamissati, gamissanti, gamissasi, gamissatha, gamissāmi, gamissāma; gamissate, gamissante, gamissase, gamissavhe, gamissaṃ, gamissāmhe.

Nāme garahāvimbhayesu-.

Nāmasadde nipāte sati garahāyaṃ vimbhaye ca gamyamānessatyādayo honti; ime hi nāma kalyāṇadhammā paṭijānissanti; na hi nāma bhikkhave tassa moghapurisassapāṇesu anuddayā bhavissati; kathañhi nāma so bhikkhave moghapuriso sabbamattikāmayaṃ kuṭikaṃ karissati; tattha nāma tvaṃ moghapurisamayā virāgāya dhamme desite sarāgāya vetessasi, atthi nāmatāta sudinna ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ paribhuñjissasi, atthiyevihāpi nindāvagamo. Vimbhaye?- Acchariyaṃ vata bho abbhūtaṃ vata bho santena vata bho pabbajitā vihārenaviranti, yatra hi nāma saññī samāno jāgaro pañcamattānī sakaṭasatāni nissāya nissāya atikkantāni neva dakkhiti, na pana saddaṃ sossati; acchariyaṃ andho nāma pabbatamārohissati; badhiro nāma saddaṃ sossati.

Bhute īuṃotthembhāāūsevhaṃambhe-.

Bhute parisamattñatthe vattamānato kriyatthā īādayo honti; agamī, agamuṃ, agamo, agamittha, agamiṃ, agamimhā; agamā, agamū, agamise, agamivhaṃ, agama, agamimhe–-bhuta sāmaññavacanicchāyamanajjatanepi? Suvo ahosi ānando.

Anajjatane āūotthaamhātthatthuṃsevhaṃiṃmbhase-.

Avijjamānajjatane bhute』tthe vattamānato kriyatthā āādayo honti.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 在表示已開始且未完成的現在時態中,動詞詞根後加以下詞尾: 主動語態:ti、anti、si、tha、mi、ma 被動語態:te、ante、se、vhe、e、mhe 如:gacchati(去)、gacchanti(他們去)、gacchasi(你去)、gacchatha(你們去)、gacchāmi(我去)、gacchāma(我們去); gacchate(被去)、gacchante(被他們去)、gacchase(被你去)、gacchavhe(被你們去)、gacche(被我去)、gacchamhe(被我們去)。 那麼"以前非法興盛"和"在...之前我們死"這樣的句子要如何解釋? 這是因為說話者想用現在時表達,或者通過接近現在的含義來理解; 或者通過pure(以前)和purā(在...之前)這些詞來表示未來,此時它被視為現在時; 或者這是時態的變化用法;因為在其他時態中也經常使用這些詞尾,如: "在有(善法)的人中我隱藏" "愿我不從這裡取任何東西" "身壞命終后,他往生帝釋天" "我將在無數輪迴中流轉" "他們將長久禮敬" 關於將來時: 在表示未開始的未來事件時,動詞詞根後加以下詞尾: ssati、ssanti、ssasi、ssatha、ssāmi、ssāma(主動語態) ssate、ssante、ssase、ssavhe、ssaṃ、ssāmhe(被動語態) 如:gamissati(將去)、gamissanti(他們將去)等。 關於名詞用於責備和驚異時: 當有nāma(名為)這個不變詞出現,且表示責備或驚異時,要用將來時詞尾,例如: 表示責備: "這些人居然自稱是持善法者" "諸比丘,那愚人怎麼會對生命有慈悲心呢" "諸比丘,那愚人怎麼會造全泥土的小屋呢" "你這愚人,當我說離欲法時,你卻會趣向貪慾" "善生子,你居然會吃隔夜的粥" 這裡也包含了責難的含義。 表示驚異: "實在稀有啊,實在未曾有啊,出家人以如此寂靜的威儀而住,有想、清醒卻既看不見五百輛車一輛接一輛經過,也聽不到聲音" "稀有啊,盲人居然能登山" "聾子居然能聽聲音" [待續]

Āñāyyā ca uṭṭhānā āñāyyā ca saṃvesanā,

Esajjatano kālo aharūbhayataḍḍharattaṃ vā;

Agamā, agamū, agamo, agamattha, agama, agamamhā; agamittha, agamatthuṃ, agamase, agamavhaṃ, gamiṃ, agamamhase; aññapadattho kiṃ? Ajja hiyyo vā agamāsi.

Parokkhe oetthaambhattharetthovhoimhe-.

Apaccakkhe bhutānajjatane』tthe cattamānato kriyatthā aādayo honti; jagāma, jagamu, jagame, jagamittha, jagama, jagamimha; jagamittha, jagamire, jagamittho, jagamivho, jagami, jagamimhe. –––––––––––––––––––-

Mūḷhavikkhittabyāsattacittonattanāpi kriyā katābhinibbattikāle』nupaladdhā samānā elenānumīyamānā parokkhāca vatthuto; tenuttamavsaye』pi payogasambhavo.

Eyyādo vātipattiyayaṃ ssāssaṃsussessathassaṃssamhāssatha ssiṃsussasessavhessiṃssāma ase-.

Eyyādo visaye kriyātipattiyaṃ ssādayo honti vibhāsā; vidhurappaccayopanipātato kāraṇavekallato vā kriyāyāti patanamanipphatti kriyātipatti; ete ca ssādayo sāmatthiyātītānāgatesveva honti, na vattamāne, tatra kriyātipattya sambhavā.

Sace paṭhamavaye pabbajjaṃ alabhissā, arahā abhavissā; dakkhiṇena ce agamissā, na sakaṭaṃ pariyābhavissā- dakkhiṇena ce agamissaṃsu, agamisse, agamissatha, agamissaṃ, agamissamhā, agamissatha, agamissiṃsu, agamissase, agamissavhe,agamissiṃ, agamissāma ase- na sakaṭaṃ pariyābhavissā. Vāti kiṃ? Dakkhiṇena ce gamissati, na sakaṭaṃ pariyābhavissati.

Hetuphalesveyyaeyyuṃeyyāsaeyyāthaeyyāmieyyāmaetha eraṃethoeyyavhoeyyaṃeyyāmhe-.

Hetubhutāyaṃ phalabhutāyañca kriyāyaṃ vattamānato kriyatthāeyyādayo vā honti.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: 從起立應當被理解,從躺臥應當被理解, 這就是今日時間,或者兩個半夜。 過去時詞尾形式: agamā(他去)、agamū(他們去)、agamo(你去)、agamattha(你們去)、agama(我去)、agamamhā(我們去); agamittha(被他去)、agamatthuṃ(被他們去)、agamase(被你去)、agamavhaṃ(被你們去)、gamiṃ(被我去)、agamamhase(被我們去)。 為什麼要說"其他詞"?爲了區別"今天或昨天他去"這樣的用法。 關於不可見過去時: 在表示非親眼所見的過去時中,動詞詞根後加以下詞尾: 主動語態:a、u、e、ittha、a、imha 被動語態:ittha、ire、ittho、ivho、i、imhe 如:jagāma(據說他去)、jagamu(據說他們去)等。 對於心迷惑、散亂、執著的人來說,即使是自己做的行為,在完成時也可能沒有覺察到,而是通過推理才知道的,這就是"不可見"的實質。因此即使是第一人稱也可以使用這種形式。 關於條件句: 在表示假設情況時,動詞詞根后可以任意加以下詞尾: 主動語態:ssā、ssaṃsu、ssa、ssatha、ssaṃ、ssamhā 被動語態:ssatha、ssiṃsu、ssase、ssavhe、ssiṃ、ssāmase 條件句表示由於條件或原因的缺失導致行為無法完成。這些詞尾只用於過去和未來時態,不用於現在時態,因為現在時態不存在這種假設條件。 例如: "如果他在年輕時得以出家,就會成為阿羅漢" "如果他往南方去,車就不會被毀壞" "如果他們往南方去(等等所有人稱變化)...車就不會被毀壞" 為什麼說"任意"?爲了區別"如果他往南方去,車就不會被毀壞"這種確定的說法。 關於因果關係: 在表示因果關係的動作中,動詞詞根后可以任意加以下詞尾: 主動語態:eyya、eyyuṃ、eyyāsa、eyyātha、eyyāmi、eyyāma 被動語態:etha、eraṃ、etho、eyyavho、eyyaṃ、eyyāmhe [待續]

Sace saṃkhārā niccā bhaveyyuṃ, na nirujjheyyuṃ; dakkhineṇana ce gaccheyya, na sakaṭaṃ pariyābhaveyya-dakkhiṇena ce gaccheyyuṃ, gaccheyyāsi, gaccheyyātha, gaccheyyāmi, gaccheyayyāma; gacchetha, gaccheraṃ, gacchetho, gaccheyyavho, gaccheyyaṃ, gaccheyyāmhe- na sakaṭaṃ pariyābhaveyya; bhavanaṃ gamanañca hetu, anirujjhanaṃ pariyābhavanañca phalaṃ–-iha kasmā na hoti?- Hantīti palāyati, vassatīti dhāvati, hanissatīti palāyissatīti? Itisaddeneva hetuhetumantatāyaya jotitattā vāti kiṃ dakkhiṇena ce gamissati, na sakaṭaṃ pariyā bhavissati.

Pañhapatthanāvidhisū-.

Pañho-sampucchanaṃ sampadhāraṇā nirūpanā kāriyanicchayanaṃ; patthanā-yāvanamiṭṭhāsiṃsanañca; vidhānaṃ vidhi niyojanaṃ kriyāsu vyāpāraṇā; sā ca duvidhāva?- Sādarānādaravasena, visayabhedena bhinnāyapi tadubhayānativattanato.

Etesu pañhādisu kriyatthato eyyādayo honti; pañhe?-Kimāyasmā vinayampariyāpuṇeyya,udāhu dhammaṃ?; Gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ uposathaṃ, na vā gaccheyyaṃ?, Patthanāyaṃ?- Labheyyāhakakambhante bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ; passeyyaṃ taṃ vassasataṃ arogaṃ. Vidhimhi?-Bhavaṃ pattaṃ paceyya, bhavaṃ puññaṃ kareyya, iha bhavaṃ bhuñjeyya, iha bhavaṃ nisīdeyya, māṇavakaṃ bhavaṃ ajjhāpeyya–-anuññāpattakālesupi siddhāva, tatthāpi vidhippatītito; anuññāyaṃ?Evaṃkareyyāsi. Pattakāle?- Kaṭaṃ kareyyāsi, patto te kālo kaṭakaraṇe; yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ saṅgho uposathaṃ kareyya; etassa bhagavā kālo, etassa sugata kālo, yambhagavā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeyya–-pesane』picchanti?- Gāmaṃ tvaṃ bhaṇe gaccheyyāsi.

Tuattuhithamimataṃantaṃssuvhoñāmase-.

我來將這段巴利文完整翻譯成簡體中文: "如果諸行是常住的,它們就不會滅去;如果他往南方走,車就不會被毀壞"——"如果他們往南方走(他們走)、(你走)、(你們走)、(我走)、(我們走);(被他走)、(被他們走)、(被你走)、(被你們走)、(被我走)、(被我們走)——車就不會被毀壞"。這裡存在和走是因,不滅和被毀是果。 為什麼在這種情況下不能用: "因為他打所以逃跑" "因為下雨所以奔跑" "因為他將打所以將逃跑"? 這是因為通過"iti"(所以)這個詞已經表明了因果關係。 為什麼說"任意"?爲了區別"如果他往南方去,車就不會被毀壞"這種確定的說法。 關於問題、祈願和命令: 問題是指詢問、考慮、觀察和確定應做之事; 祈願是指期望和希求所欲之事; 命令是指規定、指示和促使行動。 命令可分為兩種:根據恭敬與否的差異,雖然對像不同,但都不超出這兩種範疇。 在這些問題、祈願和命令的情況下,動詞詞根後加eyya等詞尾: 在問句中,如: "尊者應當學習律還是法?" "我是應該去布薩還是不去?" 在祈願中,如: "愿我在世尊面前得以出家,愿我得以具足戒" "愿我能見到他健康地活滿百歲" 在命令中,如: "先生應當煮飯" "先生應當修福" "先生應當在這裡用餐" "先生應當在這裡坐" "先生應當教導學生" 這些詞尾在允許和適當時候也可使用,因為這些場合也含有命令的意味: 在允許時,如:"你應當這樣做" 在適當時候,如:"你應當做籃子,現在是做籃子的時候了" "如果僧團已準備好,僧團應當舉行布薩" "世尊,這是時候了,善逝,這是時候了,愿世尊為諸弟子制定學處" 有些人認為在差遣時也可用,如: "喂,你應當去村子" [待續]

Pañhādisvete honti kriyatthato; kriyatthato; yacchatu, gacchantu, gacchāhi, gacchatha, gacchāmi, gacchāma, gacchataṃ, gacchantaṃ, gacchassu, gacchavho, gacche, gacchāmase–-pañhe?- Kinnu balu ho vyākaraṇamadhiyassu?. Patthanāyaṃ?- Dadāhi me, jivatu bhavaṃ. Visimhi?-Kaṭaṃ karotu bhavaṃ, puññaṃ karotu bhavaṃ, iha bhavaṃ bhuñjatu, ihabhavaṃ nisīdatu, uddisatu bhante bhagavā pātimokkhā. Pesane?- Gaccha bhaṇe gāmaṃ. Anumatiyaṃ?Evaṃ karohi. Pattakāle?-Kālo』yaṃ te mahāvīra uppajja mātukucchiyaṃ.

Sattyarahesveyyādi-.

Sattiyaṃ arahatthe ca kriyatthā. Eyyādayo honti; bhavaṃ khalu rajjaṃ kareyya, bhavaṃ satto; arabho.

Sambhāvane vā-.

Sambhāvane gamyamāne dhātunā vuccamāne ca eyyādayohonti vibhāsā; api pabbataṃ sirasā bhindeyya. Kriyātipattiyantussādi?- Asaniyāpi hato nāpatissā sambhāvemi saddahāmiavakappemi bhuñjeyya bhavaṃ; bhujissati bhavaṃ, abhuñji bhavaṃ. Krayātipattiyantussādi-sambhāvemi nābhujissaṃ bhavaṃ.

Māyoge īāādi-.

Māyoge sati īādayo āādayo ca vā honti; māssupunapi evarūpamakāsi, mā bhavaṃ agamā vanaṃ; vāti kiṃ? Mā tekāmaguṇe bhamassu cittaṃ, mā tvaṃ karissasi, mā tvaṃ kareyyāsi–-asakakālattho』yamārambho; buddho』bhavissatīti padantara sambandhena anāgatakālatā patiyate, evaṃ kato kaṭo svebhavissati, bhāvi kaccamāsīti; lunāhi lunāhitvevāyaṃ lunāti, lunassu lunassutvevāyaṃ lunātīti tvādīnamevetaṃ majjhimapuri sekavacanānamābhikkhaññe vibbavanaṃ; idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti?-Evamesa turito aññe』pi niyojento viya kiriyaṃ karotīti; evaṃ lunātha lunāthātvevāyaṃ lunāti, lunavho lunavho tvevāyaṃ lunāti; tathā kālattaresupi lunāhi lunāhitvevāyaṃ aluni, alunā, lulāva, lunissatīti; evaṃ ssumhi ca yojanīyaṃ–-tathā samuccaye』pi maṭhamaṭa, vihāramaṭetvevāyamaṭati; maṭhamaṭassu, vihāramaṭassutvevāyamaṭati–-byāpārabhede tu sāmaññavacanasseva byāpakattā anuppayogo bhavati? Odanaṃ bhuñja, yāgumpiva, dhānā khādetvāvāyamajjhoharati.

Pubbaparacchakkānamekānekesu tumhāmhasesesu dvedve majjhimuttamapaṭhamā-.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: 在問題等場合,動詞詞根後加以下詞尾: 主動語態:tu、antu、āhi、tha、āmi、āma 被動語態:taṃ、antaṃ、ssu、vho、e、āmase 例如: 問句中:"朋友,你為何不學習文法?" 祈願中:"請給我","愿您長壽" 命令中:"先生應當做籃子","先生應當修福","先生請在這裡用餐","先生請在這裡坐","尊者,請世尊誦出波羅提木叉" 差遣中:"喂,去村子" 允許中:"這樣做吧" 適當時機:"大雄,這是您投生母胎的時候了" 關於能力和適合: 在表示能力和適合時,動詞詞根後加eyya等詞尾,如: "先生確實能夠治理國家","有能力的人","適合的人" 關於推測: 當通過動詞表達推測時,可以任意使用eyya等詞尾,如: "他甚至能用頭撞碎山" 條件句詞尾如何?——"我想、相信、認為即使被雷擊中也不會倒下" "先生會吃","先生吃了","我認為先生不會吃" 關於禁止用語: 當與mā(不要)連用時,可以任意使用ī等詞尾和ā等詞尾,如: "請不要再做這樣的事" "愿您不要去森林" 為什麼說"任意"?爲了區別: "不要讓你的心流轉于欲樂" "你不要做" "你不應做" 這裡說明的是非本時態的用法。通過與其他詞的關聯可以理解未來時態,如:"他將成為佛陀","這樣做的籃子明天會完成","這工作將完成"。 "割啊割啊"他這樣割,"割吧割吧"他這樣割——這是說明第二人稱單數命令式的頻繁使用。這意味著:他匆忙地做事,好像在促使別人也這樣做。同樣,"你們割啊割啊"他這樣割,"你們割吧割吧"他這樣割。 在其他時態中也是如此:"割啊割啊"他這樣已割、正割、將割。在ssu詞尾中也要這樣理解。 在連續動作中也是如此:"掃啊掃啊,掃寺院啊"他這樣掃,"掃吧掃吧,掃寺院吧"他這樣掃。但在不同的動作中,由於一般說法具有包容性,就不需要重複使用,如:"吃飯,喝粥,嚼穀物"他這樣吞嚥。 [待續]

Ekanekesutumhāmhasaddavacanīyesu tadaññasaddavacanīyesu ca kārakesupubbacchakkānaṃ paracchakkānaṃ majjhimuttamapaṭhamā dve dve honti yathākkamaṃ kriyatthā; uttamasaddo』yaṃ sabhāvato tatiyaduke ruḷho–-tvaṃ gacchasi, tumhe gacchatha, tvaṃ gacchase, tumhe gacchavhe; tvaṃgacchasi, tumhe gacchatha, tvaṃ gacchase, tumhe gacchavhe; ahaṃgacchāmi, mayaṃ gacchāma,ahaṃ gacche, mayaṃ gacchāmhe; so gacchati, te gacchanti, so gacchate, te gacchante.

Sāmatthiyā laddhantā appaṭhujjamānesupi tumhāmhasesesu bhavanti–-gacchasī, gacchatha, gacchase, gacchavhe; gacchāmi, gacchāma, gacche, gacchāmhe; gacchati,gacchanti, gacchate, gacchante.

Āīssādisvaña vā-.

Āādo īādo ssāādo ca kriyatthassa vā aña hoti, ñakāro』nubandho–-agamā, gamā; agamī, gamī; agamissā, gamissā.

Aādisvāho brūssa-. Brūssa āho hoti aādisu; āha, āhu.

Bhussa cuka-.

Aādisu bhussa cuka hoti; kakāro』nubandho; ukāro uccāraṇattho; babhuva.

Pubbassa a-.

Aādisu dvitte pubbassa bhussaa hoti; babhuva.

Ussaṃsvāhā vā-.

Āhādesā parassौssaaṃsuvā hoti; āhaṃsu āhu.

Tyantīnaṃ ṭaṭū-.

Āhā paresaṃ tiantīnaṃ ṭaṭū honti; ṭakārā sabbādesatthā; āha, āhu. Atoyeva ca ñāpakā tiantisu ca brūssāho.

Īādovacassoma-.

Īādisuvacassa oma hoti; makāro』nubandhā; avoca; īādoti kiṃ? Avaca.

Dāssa daṃ vā mamesvadvitte-.

Advitte vattamānassa dāssa daṃ vā hoti mimesu; dammi,demi; damma, dema. Añcitteti kiṃ? Dadāmi. Dadāma.

Karassa sossakuṃ-.

Karassa saokārassa kuṃ vā hoti mimesu; kummi, kumma; karomi, karoma.

Kā īādisu-.

Karassa saokārassakā hoti vā īādisu; akāsi, akari; akaṃsu, akariṃsu; akā, akarā.

Hāssacāhaṅi ssena-.

Karassasossahāssaca āhaṅi vā hoti ssena saha; kāhati, karissati; akāhā, akarissā;hāhatī, hāyissati; āhāhā, ahāyissā.

Labhavasacchidabhidarudānaṃ cchaṅi-.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: 當第二人稱和第一人稱及其他語詞表達的施動者為單數或複數時,動詞詞根的前後詞尾依次採用第二人稱、第一人稱和第三人稱的兩組形式。這裡的"uttama"(第一人稱)一詞本來是用在第三組的。例如: 第二人稱: 你去(tvaṃ gacchasi),你們去(tumhe gacchatha) 你被去(tvaṃ gacchase),你們被去(tumhe gacchavhe) 第一人稱: 我去(ahaṃ gacchāmi),我們去(mayaṃ gacchāma) 我被去(ahaṃ gacche),我們被去(mayaṃ gacchāmhe) 第三人稱: 他去(so gacchati),他們去(te gacchanti) 他被去(so gacchate),他們被去(te gacchante) 根據上下文的含義,即使沒有明確說明第二人稱和第一人稱,這些形式也可以使用。 關於aña詞綴: 在ā、ī和ssa等詞尾前,動詞詞根可以任意加aña詞綴(其中ñ是指示符),如: agamā.gamā(去了) agamī.gamī(去了) agamissā.gamissā(將去) 關於brū詞根: 在ā等詞尾前,brū變為āho,如:āha(說)、āhu(說) 關於bhū詞根: 在ā等詞尾前,bhū變為cuka(其中k是指示符,u用於發音),如:babhuva(有了) 關於重疊形式的前音節: 在ā等詞尾前的重疊形式中,前面的bhū變為a,如:babhuva(有了) 關於āha: āha在ssaṃsu前可以任意變為āhā,如:āhaṃsu或āhu(他們說) 關於ti和anti: 在āha后,ti和anti變為ṭa和ṭu(其中ṭ表示完全替換),如:āha(說)、āhu(他們說)。由此可知在ti和anti前brū也變為āho。 關於vac詞根: 在ī等詞尾前,vac變為oma(其中m是指示符),如:avoca(說)。為什麼說"在ī等詞尾前"?爲了區別avaca(說)的形式。 [待續]

Labhādīnaṃ cchaṅi vā hoti ssena saha; alacchā, alabhissā, lacchati, labhissati; avacchā, avasissā; vacchati, vasissati; cchecchā, acchindissā; checchati. Chindissati; hecchā, bhindissā; bhecchati,bhindissati; arucchā, arodissā; rucchati, rodissati. Aññasmimpi chidassa vā cchaṅi yogavibhāgā?- Acchecchuṃ, acchindiṃsu. Aññesaṃ va?-Gacchaṃ, gacchissaṃ.

Bhujamucavacavisānaṃ kkhaṅi-.

Bhujādīnaṃ kkhaṅi vā hoti ssena saha; abhokkhā, abhuñjissā; bhokkhati, bhujissati; amokkhā, amuñcissā; mokkhatiṃ muñcissati; acakkhā, avacissā; cakkhati. Vacissati; pāvekkhā, pāvisissā; pavekkhati, pavisissati. Visassāññasmimpi vā kkhaṅi yogavibhāgā?-Pāvekkhi, pāvisi.

Āīādisu harassā-.

Āādoīādo ca harassaā hoticā; ahā, aharā; abhāsi, abhari.

Gamissa-.

Āādoīādo ca gamissā hoti vā; agā, agamā; agā,agami. Saṃsassa ca chaṅi-.

Saṃsassa ca gamissa ca chaṅi vā hoti āīādisu; aḍañchā, aḍaṃsā; aḍañchi,aḍaṃsi; agañchā, agacchā, agañchi, agacchi.

Hūssahehehihohī ssaccādo-.

Hūssa hñādayo honti ssaccādo; hessati, hehissati, hohissati.

Ṇānāsu rasso-.

Kaṇakanāsu kriyatthassarasso hoti; kiṇāti, dhunāti.

Āīūmhāssāssamhānaṃ vā-.

Esaṃ vā rasso hoti; gama, gamā; gami, gamī; gamu; gamimha, gamimhā; gamissa, gamissā; gamissamha, gamissamhā.

Kusaruhehissa chi-.

Kusā ruhā ca parassa īssa chi vā hoti; akkocchi, akkosi; abhirucchi, abhiruhi.

Aīssaādīnaṃ byañjanassiña-.

Kriyatthā paresaṃ aādīnaṃ īādinaṃ ssaādīnava byañjanassैña hoti vibhāsā; babhuvittha,abhavittha, abhavissā, anubhavissā, anubhavissati, anubhossati, (harissati) hassati. Etesanti kiṃ? Bhavati; byañjanassāti kiṃ? Babhuva.

Brūto tissīña-.

Brūto parassa tissa īña vā hoti; bravīti, brūti.

Kyassa-.

Kriyatthā parassakyassa īñvā hoti; pacīyati paccati.

Eyyāthassñaāīthānaṃ oaaṃtthatthovhoka-.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: labh等詞根與ssa連用時可以任意變為cchaṅi形式: alacchā.alabhissā(將得到)、lacchati.labhissati(得到) avacchā.avasissā(將住)、vacchati.vasissati(住) cchecchā.acchindissā(將切)、checchati.chindissati(切) hecchā.bhindissā(將破)、bhecchati.bhindissati(破) arucchā.arodissā(將哭)、rucchati.rodissati(哭) 通過規則的分離,chid詞根在其他情況下也可以變為cchaṅi形式,如: acchecchuṃ.acchindiṃsu(他們切) 其他詞根也可以,如:gacchaṃ.gacchissaṃ(將去) bhuj(吃)、muc(解脫)、vac(說)、vis(進入)等詞根與ssa連用時可以任意變為kkhaṅi形式: abhokkhā.abhuñjissā(將吃)、bhokkhati.bhujissati(吃) amokkhā.amuñcissā(將解脫)、mokkhati.muñcissati(解脫) acakkhā.avacissā(將說)、cakkhati.vacissati(說) pāvekkhā.pāvisissā(將進入)、pavekkhati.pavisissati(進入) 通過規則的分離,vis詞根在其他情況下也可以變為kkhaṅi形式,如: pāvekkhi.pāvisi(進入了) 在ā和ī等詞尾前,har可以任意變為ā: ahā.aharā(取了)、abhāsi.abhari(取了) gam詞根在ā和ī等詞尾前可以變為ā: agā.agamā(去了)、agā.agami(去了) saṃs與gam詞根在ā和ī等詞尾前可以變為chaṅi: aḍañchā.aḍaṃsā(坐了)、aḍañchi.aḍaṃsi(坐了) agañchā.agacchā(去了)、agañchi.agacchi(去了) hū詞根在ssa等詞尾前變為he、hehi、hohi: hessati、hehissati、hohissati(將是) 在ṇā和nā詞尾前,動詞詞根變短音: kiṇāti(買)、dhunāti(震動) ā、ī、ū、mhā、ssā、ssamhā等詞尾可以任意變短: gama.gamā、gami.gamī、gamu gamimha.gamimhā、gamissa.gamissā gamissamha.gamissamhā kus和ruh后的ī可以變為chi: akkocchi.akkosi(罵了) abhirucchi.abhiruhi(生長了) [待續]

Eyyāthādīnaṃ oādayo vā honti yathākkamaṃ; tumhe bhaveyyātho, bhaveyyātha; tvaṃ abhavissa, abhavisse; ahaṃ abhavaṃ, abhava; so abhavittha, abhavā; so abhavittho, abhavī; tumhe bhavathavho, bhavatha–-āsahavaritova akāro gayhate–-tho panante niddesā tvādisambandhīyeva, tasseva vā nissītattā; nissayayakaraṇampi hi suttakārāviṇṇaṃ.

Uṃssiṃsvaṃsu -.

Umiccassa iṃsuaṃsu vā honti; agamiṃsu, agamaṃsu, agamuṃ.

Emantā suṃ-.

Ñādesato oādesato ca parassa umiccassa suṃ vā hoti; nesuṃ, nayiṃsu; assosuṃ, assuṃ–-ādesattākhyā panatthaṃ ttaggahaṇaṃ.

Hūto resuṃ-.

Hūto parassa umiccassa resuṃ vā hoti; ahesuṃ, ahavuṃ.

Ossa ऐtthattho-.

Ossa aādayo vā honti; tvaṃ abhava, abhavi, abhavittha, abhavittho, abhavo.

Si-.

Ossa si vā hoti; ahosi tvaṃ ahuvo.

Dīghā īssa-.

Dīghato parassa īssa si vā hoti; akāsi, akā; adāsi, adā.

Mhātthānamuña-.

Mhātthānamuñdvā hoti; agamumhā, agamimhā; agamuttha, agamittha.

Iṃssa ca siña-.

Imiccassa siña vā hoti mhātthānañca bahulaṃ; akāsiṃ, akariṃ; aakāsimhā, akarimhā;akāsittha, akarittha.

Eyyuṃssuṃ-.

Eyyumiccassa uṃ vā hoti; gacchuṃ, gaccheyyuṃ.

Hissato lopo-.

Ato parassa hissa lopo vā hoti; gaccha, gacchāhi–-atoti kiṃ? Karohi.

Kyassa sse-.

Kyassa vā lopo hoti sse; andhabhavissā, anvabhuyissā, anubhavissati, anubhuyissati.

Atthiteyyādicchantaṃ ssusasathasaṃsāma -.

Asa-bhuvīccasmā paresaṃeyyādicchannaṃ sādayo honti yathākkamaṃ; assa, assu, assa, assatha, assaṃ, assāma.

Ādidvīnnamiyāiyuṃ-.

Atthiteyyādicchannaṃ ādibhūtānaṃ dvinnaṃ iyāisuṃ honti yathākkamaṃ; siyā, siyuṃ.

Tassatho-.

Atthito parassa takārassa tho hoti; attha, atthu.

Sihisvaṭa-.

Atthissa aṭa hoti sihisu; ṭo sabbādesattho; asi, ahi.

Mimānaṃ vā mhimhā ca-.

Atthismā paresaṃ mimānaṃ mhimhā vā honti, taṃsantiyo gena tthissa aṭa ca; amhi,asmi; amha, asma.

Esu sa-.

Esu mimesuatthissa sakāro hoti; asmi, asma; pararūpabādhanatthaṃ.

Īādo dīgho-.

Atthissa dīgho hoti īādimhi; āsi, āsuṃ, āsi, āsittha, āsiṃ, āsimhā.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: eyyātha等詞尾可以依次變為o等: 你們應當是(tumhe bhaveyyātho.bhaveyyātha) 你曾是(tvaṃ abhavissa.abhavisse) 我曾是(ahaṃ abhavaṃ.abhava) 他曾是(so abhavittha.abhavā) 他曾是(so abhavittho.abhavī) 你們是(tumhe bhavathavho.bhavatha) 這裡只取包含ā的詞根中的a音。而tho等詞尾的說明只與tvādi有關,或者是依賴於它。因為造論者也認可依賴關係的建立。 uṃ可以變為iṃsu或aṃsu: agamiṃsu.agamaṃsu.agamuṃ(他們去了) 在ña和o之後,uṃ可以變為suṃ: nesuṃ.nayiṃsu(他們引導了) assosuṃ.assuṃ(他們聽了) 這裡提到詞尾替換是爲了說明意義。 在hū之後,uṃ可以變為resuṃ: ahesuṃ.ahavuṃ(他們是) o可以變為ttha和ttho: 你曾是(tvaṃ abhava.abhavi.abhavittha.abhavittho.abhavo) 可以變為si: 你曾是(ahosi tvaṃ.ahuvo) 在長音之後,ī可以變為si: akāsi.akā(做了) adāsi.adā(給了) mhā和ttha可以變為uña: agamumhā.agamimhā(我們去了) agamuttha.agamittha(你們去了) iṃ以及mhā和ttha經常可以變為siña: akāsiṃ.akariṃ(我做了) akāsimhā.akarimhā(我們做了) akāsittha.akarittha(你們做了) eyyuṃ可以變為uṃ: gacchuṃ.gaccheyyuṃ(他們應當去) 在a之後,hi可以省略: gaccha.gacchāhi(去吧) 為什麼說"在a之後"?爲了區別karohi(做吧) [待續]

Himimesvassa-. Akārassa dīgho hoti himimesu; pavāhi, pavāmi, pavāma; muyhāmi.

Sakā ṇāssa kha īādo-.

Sakasmā kaṇāssa kho hoti ī ādisu; asakkhi, asakkhiṃsu.

Sse vā-.

Sakasmā kaṇāssa kho vā bhoti sse; sakkhissā, sakkuṇissā; sakkhissati, sakkuṇissati.

Tesu suto keṇākaṇānaṃ roṭa-.

Tesu īādissesu suto paresaṃ keṇākaṇānaṃ roṭa hoti; assosi, asuṇi; assossā, asuṇissā; sossati, suṇissati.

Ñāssa sanāssa nāyo timhi-.

Sanāssa ñāssa nāyo vā hoti timhi; nāyati. Jānāti.

Ñamhi jaṃ-.

Ñādese sanāssa ñāssa jaṃ vā hoti; jaññā, jāneyya.

Eyyassiyāñā vā-.

Ñāto eyyassa iyāñā honti vā; jāniyā, jaññā, jāneyya.

Īssaccādisu kanā lopo-.

Īādo ssaccādo ca ñāto kanā lopo vā hoti; aññasi, ajāni; ñassati, jānissati.

Ssassa hi kamme-.

Ñāto parassassassa hi vā hoti kamme; paññāyihiti, paññāyissatī,

Etismā-.

Etismā parassassassahi hoti vā; ehiti, essati.

Hanā chekhā-.

Hanā ssassa chekhā vā honti; hañchema, hanissāma; paṭihaṃkhāmi, paṭihanissāmi.

Hāto ha-.

Hāto parassa ssassa ha hoti vā; hāhati, chahissati.

Dakkhakhahehihohīhi lopo-.

Dakkhādīhi ādesehi parassassassa lopo vā hoti; dakkhati. Dakkhissati; sakkhati, sakkhissati; hehiti, hehissati; hohiti, hohissati.

Kayireyyasseyyumādīnaṃ-.

Kayirā parasseyyumādīnameyyassa lopo hoti; kayiruṃ, kayirāsi, kayirātha, kayirāmi, kayirāma.

Ṭā-.

Kayirā parassa eyyassaṭā hoti; sokayirā.

Ethassā-.

Kayirā parassethassa ā hoti; kayirātha.

Labhā iṃīnaṃ thaṃthā vā-.

Labhasmā iṃīiccesaṃ thaṃthā honti vā; alatthaṃ, alabhiṃ; alattha, alabhi.

Gurupubbā rassā re ntentīnaṃ-.

Gurupubbasmā rassā paresaṃ ntentīnaṃ re vā hoti; gacchare, gacchanti; gacchare, gacchante; gamissare, gamissanti; gamissare, gamissante–-gurupubbāti kiṃ? Pacanti. Rassāti kiṃ? Honti

Eyyeyyāseyyantaṃ ṭe-.

Eyyādīnaṃ ṭe vā hoti; so kare, so kareyya; tvaṃ, kare, tvaṃ kareyyāsi; ahaṃ kare, ahaṃ kareyyaṃ.

Ovikaraṇassu paracchakke-.

Ovikaraṇassa u hoti paracchakkavisaye; tanute.

Pubbacchakke vā kvaci-.

Ovikaraṇassa u hoti vā kvaci pubbacchakke; vanuti, vanoti.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: 在hi和mi前,a音變長: pavāhi(飲吧)、pavāmi(我飲)、pavāma(我們飲)、muyhāmi(我迷惑) 在sak詞根后,ṇā變為kha,在ī等詞尾前: asakkhi(能夠了)、asakkhiṃsu(他們能夠了) 在ssa前也可以: sakkhissā.sakkuṇissā(將能夠) sakkhissati.sakkuṇissati(能夠) 在這些ī等和ssa等詞尾前,在su之後,keṇā和kaṇā變為roṭa: assosi.asuṇi(聽了) assossā.asuṇissā(將聽) sossati.suṇissati(聽) 在ti前,sanā的ñā可以變為nā: nāyati.jānāti(知道) 在ña替換時,sanā的ñā可以變為ja: jaññā.jāneyya(應當知道) 在ñā之後,eyya可以變為iyā和ñā: jāniyā.jaññā.jāneyya(應當知道) 在ī和ssacc等詞尾前,ñā后的kanā可以省略: aññasi.ajāni(知道了) ñassati.jānissati(將知道) 在被動語態中,ñā后的ssa可以變為hi: paññāyihiti.paññāyissati(將被知道) 在eti之後: ehiti.essati(將來) 在han之後,ssa可以變為che和khā: hañchema.hanissāma(我們將殺) paṭihaṃkhāmi.paṭihanissāmi(我將抵擋) 在hā之後,ssa變為ha: hāhati.chahissati(將放棄) 在dakkha、kha、hehi、hohi等替換后,ssa可以省略: dakkhati.dakkhissati(將見) sakkhati.sakkhissati(將能) hehiti.hehissati(將是) hohiti.hohissati(將是) [待續];

Eyyāmassemu ca-.

Eyyāmassemu vā hoti, u ca; bhavemu, bhaveyyāmu, bhaveyyāma.

Iti moggallāne vyākaraṇe vuttiyaṃ tyādikaṇḍo chaṭṭho.

Samattā cāyaṃ moggallānavutti chahi bhāṇavārehi.

我來將這段巴利文完整直譯成簡體中文: eyyāma可以變為emu,以及u: bhavemu.bhaveyyāmu.bhaveyyāma(愿我們成為) 以上是目犍連文法註釋書第六章關於ti等詞尾的章節。 這部目犍連註釋書共有六個誦分,至此完結。

Yassa rañño pabhāvena bhāvitattasamākulaṃ,

Anākulaṃ duladdhīhi pāpabhikkhūhi sabbaso;

Laṅkāya munirājassa sāsanaṃ sādhu saṇṭhitaṃ,

Puṇṇavandasamāyogā vāridhīca vivaddhate;

Parakkamabhuje tasmiṃ saddhābuddhiguṇodite,

Manuvaṃsaddhajākāre laṅkādīpaṃ pasāsati;

Māggallānena therena dhīmatā sucivuttinaṃ,

Racitaṃ yaṃ suviññeyyamasandiddhamanākulaṃ;

Asesavisayavyāpi jinavyappathanissayaṃ,

Saddasatthamanāyāsasādhiyaṃ buddhivaddhanaṃ;

Tassa vutti samāsena vipulatthappakāsanī,

Racitā puna teneva sāsanujjotakārināti;

我來將這段巴利文詩歌完整直譯成簡體中文: 由於此王威德力, 已修心者眾雲集, 邪見惡比丘無存, 處處皆已得清凈。 佛陀教法在楞伽(斯里蘭卡), 安穩立足得善住, 如同月滿潮水時, 大海之水漸增長。 此帕拉克拉馬巴胡王, 信仰智慧德性顯, 如人族旗幟高揚, 統治楞伽之島國。 智者目犍連長老, 具足清凈之行持, 所造論書易了知, 明晰無疑不混亂。 遍及一切諸領域, 依止佛語之真諦, 文法學問易通達, 增長智慧助修行。 其註疏書善略說, 廣大義理皆闡明, 復由長老親撰述, 為使教法得光明。