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B020105Parivāra-aṭṭhakathā(《補充註釋》)c3.5s

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Vinayapiṭake

Parivāra-aṭṭhakathā

Soḷasamahāvāro

Paññattivāravaṇṇanā

Visuddhaparivārassa , parivāroti sāsane;

Dhammakkhandhasarīrassa, khandhakānaṃ anantarā.

Saṅgahaṃ yo samāruḷho, tassa pubbāgataṃ nayaṃ;

Hitvā dāni karissāmi, anuttānatthavaṇṇanaṃ.

  1. Tattha yaṃ tena bhagavatā…pe… paññattanti ādinayappavattāya tāva pucchāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – yo so bhagavā sāsanassa ciraṭṭhitikatthaṃ dhammasenāpatinā saddhammagāravabahumānavegasamussitaṃ añjaliṃ sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā yācito dasa atthavase paṭicca vinayapaññattiṃ paññapesi, tena bhagavatā tassa tassa sikkhāpadassa paññattikālaṃ jānatā, tassā tassā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā dasa atthavase passatā; apica pubbenivāsādīhi jānatā, dibbena cakkhunā passatā, tīhi vijjāhi chahi vā pana abhiññāhi jānatā, sabbattha appaṭihatena samantacakkhunā passatā, sabbadhammajānanasamatthāya paññāya jānatā, sabbasattānaṃ cakkhuvisayātītāni tirokuṭṭādigatāni cāpi rūpāni ativisuddhena maṃsacakkhunā ca passatā, attahitasādhikāya samādhipadaṭṭhānāya paṭivedhapaññāya jānatā, parahitasādhikāya karuṇāpadaṭṭhānāya desanāpaññāya passatā, arahatā sammāsambuddhena 『『yaṃ paṭhamaṃ pārājikaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ, atthi tattha paññatti…pe… kenābhata』』nti.

頂禮彼世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者 律藏 《分別》註釋 十六大章 關於制定的章節解釋 對於清凈的分別,在教法中; 蘊身的法蘊,在諸蘊之間。 誰已彙集總攝,追隨前人之道; 今將捨棄而作,未被闡明的義理解釋。 1. 在此,世尊曾經……等……制定之時,首先就問題的概要而言——那位世尊爲了教法的久住,受到法軍將軍以崇敬和尊重的激勵,雙手合十置於頭頂,被請求時,基於十種利益而制定律法,世尊知道每一戒條制定的時間,看到每一戒條制定的十種利益;不僅如此,以前世智、天眼所知,以三明或六神通所知,以無障礙的遍知之眼觀察,以能知一切法的智慧而知,以極其清凈的肉眼觀察一切眾生眼界之外、墻壁后等處的色法,以成就自利的定為基礎的通達智慧而知,以成就利他的悲為基礎的說法智慧而觀察,由阿羅漢正等正覺者(提出):"第一條波羅夷(重罪)是在何處制定,因何而制定,依何人制定,在何種情況下制定,是否有制定……等……由誰帶來"。

  1. Pucchāvissajjane pana 『『yaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena paṭhamaṃ pārājika』』nti idaṃ kevalaṃ pucchāya āgatassa ādipadassa paccuddharaṇamattameva, 『『kattha paññattanti vesāliyā paññattaṃ; kaṃ ārabbhāti sudinnaṃ kalandaputtaṃ ārabbhā』』ti evamādinā pana nayena punapi ettha ekekaṃ padaṃ pucchitvāva vissajjitaṃ. Ekā paññattīti 『『yo pana bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyya pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso』』ti ayaṃ ekā paññatti. Dve anupaññattiyoti 『『antamaso tiracchānagatāyapī』』ti ca, 『『sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā』』ti ca makkaṭivajjiputtakavatthūnaṃ vasena vuttā – imā dve anupaññattiyo. Ettāvatā 『『atthi tattha paññatti anupaññatti anuppannapaññattī』』ti imissā pucchāya dve koṭṭhāsā vissajjitā honti. Tatiyaṃ vissajjetuṃ pana 『『anuppannapaññatti tasmiṃ natthī』』ti vuttaṃ. Ayañhi anuppannapaññatti nāma anuppanne dose paññattā; sā aṭṭhagarudhammavasena bhikkhunīnaṃyeva āgatā, aññatra natthi. Tasmā vuttaṃ 『『anuppannapaññatti tasmiṃ natthī』』ti. Sabbatthapaññattīti majjhimadese ceva paccantimajanapadesu ca sabbatthapaññatti. Vinayadharapañcamena gaṇena 『『upasampadā, guṇaṅguṇūpāhanā, dhuvanahānaṃ, cammattharaṇa』』nti imāni hi cattāri sikkhāpadāni majjhimadeseyeva paññatti. Ettheva etehi āpatti hoti, na paccantimajanapadesu. Sesāni sabbāneva sabbatthapaññatti nāma.

Sādhāraṇapaññattīti bhikkhūnañceva bhikkhunīnañca sādhāraṇapaññatti; suddhabhikkhūnameva hi suddhabhikkhunīnaṃ vā paññattaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ asādhāraṇapaññatti nāma hoti. Idaṃ pana bhikkhuṃ ārabbha uppanne vatthusmiṃ 『『yā pana bhikkhunī chandaso methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyya, antamaso tiracchānagatenapi pārājikā hoti asaṃvāsā』』ti bhikkhunīnampi paññattaṃ, vinītakathāmattameva hi tāsaṃ natthi, sikkhāpadaṃ pana atthi, tena vuttaṃ 『『sādhāraṇapaññattī』』ti. Ubhatopaññattiyampi eseva nayo. Byañjanamattameva hi ettha nānaṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnampi sādhāraṇattā sādhāraṇapaññatti, ubhinnampi paññattattā ubhatopaññattīti. Atthe pana bhedo natthi.

Nidānogadhanti 『『yassa siyā āpatti so āvikareyyā』』ti ettha sabbāpattīnaṃ anupaviṭṭhattā nidānogadhaṃ; nidāne anupaviṭṭhanti attho. Dutiyena uddesenāti nidānogadhaṃ nidānapariyāpannampi samānaṃ 『『tatrime cattāro pārājikā dhammā』』tiādinā dutiyeneva uddesena uddesaṃ āgacchati. Catunnaṃ vipattīnanti sīlavipattiādīnaṃ. Paṭhamā hi dve āpattikkhandhā sīlavipatti nāma, avasesā pañca ācāravipatti nāma. Micchādiṭṭhi ca antaggāhikadiṭṭhi ca diṭṭhivipatti nāma, ājīvahetu paññattāni cha sikkhāpadāni ājīvavipatti nāma. Iti imāsaṃ catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ idaṃ pārājikaṃ sīlavipatti nāma hoti.

  1. 關於詢問的解答,"世尊所知、所見、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的第一條波羅夷"這僅僅是針對問題的回答,關於初始的說明而已,"在哪裡制定的?在維薩利(現代維沙卡帕)制定的;因何而制定?是因難陀之子而制定的"等,依此類推,再次逐個字句詢問而解答。一個制定是指"若比丘行淫之法,則為波羅夷,且無反省"這是一個制定。兩個不制定是指"至少對於畜生而言"以及"若不接受戒"等,依照猴子等的情況所述——這兩項是不制定。至此,"是否有不制定的制定、不產生的制定"的詢問中,兩個部分已被解答。第三個解答則是"不產生的制定在此不存在"。這不產生的制定是指不產生的過失的制定;它是依於八分法所制定,僅適用於比丘尼,其他地方並不存在。因此說"不產生的制定在此不存在"。無處不在的制定是指中部地區及偏遠地區的無處不在的制定。根據律法持有者第五組的教義,"受戒、善行、正當的行為、面板的覆蓋"這四條戒條僅在中部地區有制定。在這裡,這些行為是過失,而在偏遠地區則沒有。其他的皆為無處不在的制定。 一般的制定是指對比丘及比丘尼的共同制定;只有清凈的比丘或清凈的比丘尼的制定,才被稱為不一般的制定。而關於某比丘所引發的情況,"若比丘尼因貪慾而行淫,至少對於畜生而言,則為波羅夷,且無反省"這也是對比丘尼的制定,關於這方面僅有簡單的討論,而戒條仍然存在,因此說"一般的制定"。雙方的制定也是如此。這裡僅是表面上的不同,因比丘與比丘尼的

Ekena samuṭṭhānenāti dvaṅgikena ekena samuṭṭhānena. Ettha hi cittaṃ aṅgaṃ hoti, kāyena pana āpattiṃ āpajjati. Tena vuttaṃ 『『kāyato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhātī』』ti. Dvīhi samathehi sammatīti 『『āpannosī』』ti sammukhā pucchiyamāno 『『āma āpannomhī』』ti paṭijānāti, tāvadeva bhaṇḍanakalahaviggahā vūpasantā honti, sakkā ca hoti taṃ puggalaṃ apanetvā uposatho vā pavāraṇā vā kātuṃ. Iti sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena cāti dvīhi samathehi sammati, na ca tappaccayā koci upaddavo hoti. Yaṃ pana upari paññattivagge 『『na katamena samathena sammatī』』ti vuttaṃ, taṃ samathaṃ otāretvā anāpatti kātuṃ na sakkāti imamatthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.

Paññatti vinayoti 『『yo pana bhikkhū』』tiādinā nayena vuttamātikā paññatti vinayoti attho. Vibhattīti padabhājanaṃ vuccati; vibhattīti hi vibhaṅgassevetaṃ nāmaṃ. Asaṃvaroti vītikkamo. Saṃvaroti avītikkamo. Yesaṃ vattatīti yesaṃ vinayapiṭakañca aṭṭhakathā ca sabbā paguṇāti attho. Te dhārentīti te etaṃ paṭhamapārājikaṃ pāḷito ca atthato ca dhārenti; na hi sakkā sabbaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ ajānantena etassa attho jānitunti. Kenābhatanti idaṃ paṭhamapārājikaṃ pāḷivasena ca atthavasena ca yāva ajjatanakālaṃ kena ānītanti. Paramparābhatanti paramparāya ānītaṃ.

  1. Idāni yāya paramparāya ānītaṃ, taṃ dassetuṃ 『『upāli dāsako cevā』』tiādinā nayena porāṇakehi mahātherehi gāthāyo ṭhapitā . Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ nidānavaṇṇanāyameva vuttaṃ. Iminā nayena dutiyapārājikādipucchāvissajjanesupi vinicchayo veditabboti.

Mahāvibhaṅge paññattivāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Katāpattivārādivaṇṇanā

  1. Ito paraṃ 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanto kati āpattiyo āpajjatī』』ti ādippabhedo katāpattivāro, 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo bhajantī』』ti ādippabhedo vipattivāro, 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā』』ti ādippabhedo saṅgahavāro, 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhahantī』』ti ādippabhedo samuṭṭhānavāro, 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇa』』nti ādippabhedo adhikaraṇavāro, 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ samathānaṃ katihi samathehi sammantī』』ti ādippabhedo samathavāro, tadanantaro samuccayavāro cāti ime satta vārā uttānatthā eva.

  2. Tato paraṃ 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanapaccayā pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta』』ntiādinā nayena puna paccayavasena eko paññattivāro, tassa vasena purimasadisā eva katāpattivārādayo satta vārāti evaṃ aparepi aṭṭha vārā vuttā, tepi uttānatthā eva. Iti ime aṭṭha, purimā aṭṭhāti mahāvibhaṅge soḷasa vārā dassitā. Tato paraṃ teneva nayena bhikkhunivibhaṅgepi soḷasa vārā āgatāti evamime ubhatovibhaṅge dvattiṃsa vārā pāḷinayeneva veditabbā. Na hettha kiñci pubbe avinicchitaṃ nāma atthi.

Mahāvibhaṅge ca bhikkhunivibhaṅge ca

Soḷasamahāvāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Samuṭṭhānasīsavaṇṇanā

以一種生起方式:即為兩種生起方式中的一種。在此,心是要素,但以身體犯過失。因此說"從身體和心靈中生起"。以兩種平息方式得到認可:當被問及"你是否犯了過失"時,被問者承認"是的,我犯了過失",爭執和衝突立即平息,並且可以將該個人驅逐,進行布薩或佈施。如此,通過面對面的律法和承認的方式得到兩種平息,且不會因此造成任何騷擾。至於在上文制定章節中說"不以何種平息方式得到認可",這是指不能通過降低該平息方式來宣告無罪。 制定律法是指如"若有比丘"等方式所述的根本原則。分別是指詞語的解析;分別實際上是分析的名稱。無約束是指違犯;約束是指未違犯。他們持有是指熟悉律藏和註釋的全部內容。他們持有是指他們從原文和義理上持有這第一波羅夷,因為不可能不瞭解全部律藏而理解其意義。由誰帶來是指直到今天這第一波羅夷是由誰帶來的,無論是從原文還是義理上。傳承帶來是指通過傳承帶來。 3. 現在爲了展示通過何種傳承帶來,古代大長老們設定了詩句,如"優波離、達薩卡"等。關於應該說的,已在因緣解釋中說明。以此方式,在第二波羅夷等的詢問解答中也應該瞭解判斷。 大分別中制定章節解釋已完成。 已犯過失章節解釋 157. 此後,"行淫之法者犯多少過失"等的開端是已犯過失章節,"行淫之法者犯四種缺陷中多少缺陷"等的開端是缺陷章節,"行淫之法者的過失被七種過失類別中的多少類別包含"等的開端是包含章節,"行淫之法者的過失從六種過失生起中的多少生起"等的開端是生起章節,"行淫之法者的過失屬於四種爭端中的哪一種"等的開端是爭端章節,"行淫之法者的過失被七種平息中的多少平息"等的開端是平息章節,其後是總結章節,這七個章節意義明顯。 188. 此後,"因行淫之法波羅夷在何處制定"等方式,再次以因緣為一個制定章節,依其方式,前面類似的七個章節如已犯過失等,又說了八個章節,它們意義也同樣明顯。如此,這八個,加上前面的八個,在大分別中顯示了十六個章節。此後,以相同方式,在比丘尼分別中也出現了十六個章節,因此在兩個分別中共有三十二個章節,應按照原文方式瞭解。在此確實沒有任何先前未經裁決的事項。 大分別和比丘尼分別中十六大章解釋已完成。 生起章節頭解釋

  1. Tadanantarāya pana samuṭṭhānakathāya anattā iti nicchayāti anattā iti nicchitā. Sabhāgadhammānanti aniccākārādīhi sabhāgānaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ. Nāmamattaṃ na nāyatīti nāmamattampi na paññāyati. Dukkhahāninti dukkhaghātanaṃ. Khandhakā yā ca mātikāti khandhakā yā ca mātikāti attho. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Samuṭṭhānaṃ niyato katanti samuṭṭhānaṃ niyatokataṃ niyatakataṃ; niyatasamuṭṭhānanti attho. Etena bhūtārocanacorivuṭṭhāpanaananuññātasikkhāpadattayassa saṅgaho paccetabbo. Etāneva hi tīṇi sikkhāpadāni niyatasamuṭṭhānāni, aññehi saddhiṃ asambhinnasamuṭṭhānāni.

Sambhedaṃ nidānañcaññanti aññampi sambhedañca nidānañca. Tattha sambhedavacanena samuṭṭhānasambhedassa gahaṇaṃ paccetabbaṃ, tāni hi tīṇi sikkhāpadāni ṭhapetvā sesāni sambhinnasamuṭṭhānāni. Nidānavacanena sikkhāpadānaṃ paññattidesasaṅkhātaṃ nidānaṃ paccetabbaṃ. Sutte dissanti uparīti sikkhāpadānaṃ samuṭṭhānaniyamo sambhedo nidānanti imāni tīṇi suttamhi eva dissanti; paññāyantīti attho. Tattha 『『ekena samuṭṭhānena samuṭṭhāti, kāyato ca cittato cā』』tiādimhi tāva purimanaye samuṭṭhānaniyamo ca sambhedo ca dissanti. Itaraṃ pana nidānaṃ nāma –

『『Vesāliyā rājagahe, sāvatthiyā ca āḷavī;

Kosambiyā ca sakkesu, bhaggesu ceva paññattā』』ti.

Evaṃ upari dissati, parato āgate sutte dissatīti veditabbaṃ.

『『Vibhaṅgedvīsū』』ti gāthāya ayamattho – yaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ dvīsu vibhaṅgesu paññattaṃ uposathadivase bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca uddisanti, tassa yathāñāyaṃ samuṭṭhānaṃ pavakkhāmi, taṃ me suṇāthāti.

Sañcarittānubhāsanañcāti sañcarittañca samanubhāsanañca. Atirekañca cīvaranti atirekacīvaraṃ ; kathinanti attho. Lomāni padasodhammoti eḷakalomāni ca padasodhammo ca. Bhūtaṃ saṃvidhānena cāti bhūtārocanañca saṃvidahitvā addhānappaṭipajjanañca. Theyyadesanā coriṃ cāti theyyasattho ca chattapāṇissa agilānassa dhammadesanā ca corivuṭṭhāpanañca. Ananuññātāya terasāti mātāpitusāmikehi ananuññātāya saddhiṃ imāni terasa samuṭṭhānāni honti. Sadisā idha dissareti idha ubhatovibhaṅge etesu terasasu samuṭṭhānasīsesu ekekasmiṃ aññānipi sadisāni samuṭṭhānāni dissanti.

Paṭhamapārājikasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

  1. 隨後關於生起的論述,"無我"即是已確定的。"諸法的相狀"是指由無常等所構成的諸法。"僅名"即是指僅僅是名稱,無法被認知。"苦的消除"是指消滅痛苦。"戒條"是指戒律的總集。"這就是文字的意思。"生起是指已被確定的生起,生起是指被確定的生起;即是指確定的生起。由此可知,關於三種規定的結合,必須要遵循已被允許的戒律。只有這三條戒律是確定的生起,其他的則是與之相結合的非分離的生起。 "分裂及因緣"是指其他的分裂及因緣。在這裡,分裂的說法是指生起的分裂的收集,除了這三條戒律之外,其他的都是分離的生起。因緣的說法是指戒律的規定所稱的因緣。經文中顯現出這三條戒律的生起、分裂及因緣的限制;"顯現"是指能夠被認知的意思。在此,"以一種生起而生起,從身體和心靈中生起"等,顯現出生起的限制和分裂的狀態。其他的因緣則是—— "在維薩利(現代維沙卡帕)城、王舍城、舍衛城及阿羅衛城等地;在各個教法中也有規定。" 如此,在上面顯現,後來的經文中也應當被理解。 "在大分別中有兩種"這句詩的意思是——在戒律中,關於在布薩日所規定的戒律,向比丘和比丘尼所宣講的,正如我所說的生起,我將為你們講述。 "關於行為的說明"是指行為及其說明。額外的衣物是指額外的袈裟;"堅固"是指堅固的意思。毛髮和腳的清潔是指清潔的毛髮及腳。通過生起的定義,指的是生起的光明及其對真理的引導。對於他人所講的教法,指的是他人所講的教法及其引導。與父母無許可的情況下,有十三種生起的情況。相同的在這裡顯現的是,在兩個分別中,這十三種生起的情況也顯現出相同的生起。 第一波羅夷生起的解釋。

  2. Idāni tāni dassetuṃ 『『methunaṃ sukkasaṃsaggo』』tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha methunanti idaṃ tāva paṭhamapārājikaṃ nāma ekaṃ samuṭṭhānasīsaṃ, sesāni tena sadisāni. Tattha sukkasaṃsaggoti sukkavissaṭṭhi ceva kāyasaṃsaggo ca. Aniyatā paṭhamikāti paṭhamaṃ aniyatasikkhāpadaṃ. Pubbūpaparipācitāti 『『jānaṃ pubbūpagataṃ bhikkhu』』nti sikkhāpadañca bhikkhuniparipācitapiṇḍapātasikkhāpadañca. Raho bhikkhuniyā sahāti bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ raho nisajjasikkhāpadañca.

Sabhojane raho dve cāti sabhojane kule anupakhajjanisajjasikkhāpadañca dve rahonisajjasikkhāpadāni ca. Aṅguli udake hasanti aṅgulipatodakañca udake hasadhammasikkhāpadañca. Pahāre uggire cevāti pahāradānasikkhāpadañca talasattikauggiraṇasikkhāpadañca. Tepaññāsā ca sekhiyāti parimaṇḍalanivāsanādīni khuddakavaṇṇanāvasāne vuttāni tepaññāsa sekhiyasikkhāpadāni ca.

Adhakkhagāmāvassutāti bhikkhunīnaṃ adhakkhakasikkhāpadañca gāmantaragamanaṃ avassutā avassutassa hatthato khādanīyabhojanīyaggahaṇasikkhāpadañca. Talamaṭṭhañca suddhikāti talaghātakaṃ jatumaṭṭhaṃ udakasuddhikādiyanañca. Vassaṃvuṭṭhā ca ovādanti vassaṃvuṭṭhā chappañcayojanāni sikkhāpadañca ovādāya agamanasikkhāpadañca. Nānubandhe pavattininti yā pana bhikkhunī vuṭṭhāpitaṃ pavattiniṃ dve vassāni nānubandheyyāti vuttasikkhāpadaṃ.

Imesikkhāti imā sikkhāyo; liṅgavipariyāyo kato. Kāyamānasikā katāti kāyacittasamuṭṭhānā katā.

Dutiyapārājikasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

  1. 現在爲了展示這些,說"行淫、遺精接觸"等。在此,"行淫"首先是第一波羅夷的一個生起要點,其餘的與之相似。在此,"遺精接觸"是指遺精散佈和身體接觸。"不定"是指第一個不定戒。"預先準備"是指"比丘知道預先已去"的戒律,以及為比丘尼準備的食物的戒律。"與比丘尼單獨"是指與比丘尼單獨相處的戒律。 "在有食物的情況下單獨兩次"是指在有家庭的情況下不恰當進入的戒律,以及兩個單獨相處的戒律。"手指在水中玩耍"是指手指觸水和在水中嬉戲的戒律。"打擊和嘔吐"是指打擊的戒律和吐出舌頭的戒律。"五十三個學處"是指在末尾的小注中提到的關於周邊、穿著等的五十三個學處。 "半公里和被污染"是指比丘尼的半公里戒律,以及進入村莊間、從被污染者手中接受可食用食物的戒律。"手掌和清潔"是指打手掌、塗抹和水的清潔等戒律。"雨季結束和教導"是指雨季結束的六五瑜伽行戒律,以及不去教導的戒律。"不跟隨"是指不跟隨已被驅逐兩年的戒律。 "這些學處"是指這些學習;詞性已被改變。"身心所作"是指由身體和心靈生起的。 第二波羅夷生起的解釋。

259.Adinnanti idaṃ tāva adinnādānanti vā dutiyapārājikanti vā ekaṃ samuṭṭhānasīsaṃ, sesāni tena sadisāni. Tattha viggahuttarīti manussaviggahauttarimanussadhammasikkhāpadāni. Duṭṭhullā attakāminanti duṭṭhullavācāattakāmapāricariyasikkhāpadāni. Amūlā aññabhāgiyāti dve duṭṭhadosasikkhāpadāni. Aniyatā dutiyikāti dutiyaṃ aniyatasikkhāpadaṃ.

Acchinde pariṇāmaneti sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ datvā acchindanañca saṅghikalābhassa attano pariṇāmanañca. Musā omasapesuṇāti musāvādo ca omasavādo ca bhikkhupesuññañca. Duṭṭhullā pathavīkhaṇeti duṭṭhullāpattiārocanañca pathavīkhaṇañca. Bhūtaṃ aññāya ujjhāpeti bhūtagāmaaññavādakaujjhāpanakasikkhāpadāni.

Nikkaḍḍhanaṃ siñcanañcāti vihārato nikkaḍḍhanañca udakena tiṇādisiñcanañca. Āmisahetu bhuttāvīti 『『āmisahetu bhikkhuniyo ovadantī』』ti sikkhāpadañca, bhuttāviṃ anatirittena khādanīyādinā pavāraṇāsikkhāpadañca. Ehi anādari bhiṃsāti 『『ehāvuso gāmaṃ vā』』ti sikkhāpadañca, anādariyañca bhikkhubhiṃsāpanakañca. Apanidhe ca jīvitanti pattādīnaṃ apanidhānasikkhāpadañca, sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitāvoropanañca.

Jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ kammanti jānaṃ sappāṇakaudakasikkhāpadañca punakammāya ukkoṭanañca. Ūnasaṃvāsanāsanāti ūnavīsativassasikkhāpadañca ukkhittakena saddhiṃ saṃvāsasikkhāpadañca nāsitakasāmaṇerasambhogasikkhāpadañca. Sahadhammikaṃ vilekhāti sahadhammikaṃ vuccamānasikkhāpadañca, vilekhāya saṃvattantīti āgatasikkhāpadañca. Moho amūlakena cāti mohanake pācittiyasikkhāpadañca, amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃsanasikkhāpadañca.

Kukkuccaṃ dhammikaṃ cīvaraṃ datvāti kukkuccaupadahanañca, dhammikānaṃ kammānaṃ chandaṃ datvā khīyanañca, cīvaraṃ datvā khīyanañca. Pariṇāmeyya puggaleti saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ puggalassa pariṇāmanasikkhāpadaṃ. Kiṃ te akālaṃ acchindeti 『『kiṃ te ayye eso purisapuggalo karissatī』』ti āgatasikkhāpadañca, 『『akālacīvaraṃ kālacīvara』』nti adhiṭṭhahitvā bhājanasikkhāpadañca, bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ cīvaraṃ parivattetvā acchindanasikkhāpadañca. Duggahī nirayenacāti duggahitena duppadhāritena paraṃ ujjhāpanasikkhāpadañca, nirayena vā brahmacariyena vā abhisapanasikkhāpadañca.

Gaṇaṃ vibhaṅga dubbalanti 『『gaṇassa cīvaralābhaṃ antarāyaṃ kareyyā』』ti ca 『『dhammikaṃ cīvaravibhaṅgaṃ paṭibāheyyā』』ti ca 『『dubbalacīvarapaccāsāya cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmeyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadāni. Kathinā phāsu passayanti 『『dhammikaṃ kathinuddhāraṃ paṭibāheyya, bhikkhuniyā sañcicca aphāsuṃ kareyya, bhikkhuniyā upassayaṃ datvā kupitā anattamanā nikkaḍḍheyya vā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadāni. Akkosacaṇḍī maccharīti 『『bhikkhuṃ akkoseyya vā paribhāseyya vā, caṇḍikatā gaṇaṃ paribhāseyya, kule maccharinī assā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadāni. Gabbhiniñca pāyantiyāti 『『gabbhiniṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pāyantiṃ vuṭṭhāpeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadāni.

  1. "不偷盜"是指不偷取的戒律,或稱第二波羅夷的一個生起要點,其餘的與之相似。在此,"爭執的上層"是指人與人之間的爭執及其相關的戒律。"惡言"是指惡劣的言辭及其相關的戒律。"無根"是指兩種惡行的戒律。"不定的第二戒"是指第二個不定戒律。 "切斷、轉交"是指給予袈裟並切斷的行為,以及與僧團的利益相關的自身轉交。"說謊、惡口"是指說謊和惡口的戒律,及其在比丘中的空洞。"惡言與地挖掘"是指惡言的過失及其在地面挖掘的戒律。"以他人名義拋棄"是指以他人名義拋棄的戒律。 "拋棄與澆灌"是指從寺院拋棄及用水澆灌草木的戒律。"因食物而吃"是指"因食物而教導比丘尼"的戒律,及在不超出食物範圍內的飲食戒律。"來吧,不要輕視"是指"來吧,朋友,進入村莊"的戒律,及輕視比丘的恐嚇戒律。"拋棄生命"是指拋棄食物等的戒律,以及生存的拋棄。 "知道是正當的行為"是指知道是正當的水的戒律,以及再次行為的拋棄。"不滿的二十歲"是指不滿二十歲的戒律,以及與不滿的同伴一起生活的戒律。"與法同行"是指與法同行的戒律,以及通過書寫的戒律。"無根的愚昧"是指無根的愚昧的戒律,以及無根的僧團的其他戒律。 "恐懼的法衣"是指恐懼的拋棄,以及通過正當行爲的拋棄,給予法衣並拋棄的行為。"應當轉變的人"是指應當轉變的僧團的利益的戒律。"不應當在不合時宜的情況下切斷"是指在不合時宜的情況下切斷的戒律,以及在與比丘尼的法衣轉變中切斷的戒律。"難以忍受的地獄"是指難以忍受的地獄的戒律,以及通過不正當的行為或禁慾的詛咒。 "群體的分裂是弱的"是指"群體的法衣利益會造成障礙"的戒律,以及"正當的法衣分裂應當被禁止"的戒律,"弱的法衣應當在法衣的時間內被超越"的戒律。"艱難的與順利的"是指"應當禁止正當的艱難拋棄"的戒律,"比丘尼應當在順利的情況下行事,若生氣則應當被拋棄"的戒律。"侮辱與憤怒"是指"比丘應當被侮辱或被貶低,憤怒的群體應當被貶低,家庭中應有吝嗇的人"的戒律。"懷孕與分娩"是指"應當讓懷孕的婦女流產,分娩的婦女應當流產"的戒律。

Dvevassaṃ sikkhā saṅghenāti 『『dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadāni. Tayo ceva gihīgatāti ūnadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ, paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ 『『dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ dve vassāni sikkhitasikkhaṃ saṅghena asammata』』nti vuttasikkhāpadāni. Kumāribhūtā tissoti 『『ūnavīsativassaṃ kumāribhūta』』ntiādinā nayena vuttā tisso. Ūnadvādasasammatāti 『『ūnadvādasavassā vuṭṭhāpeyya, paripuṇṇadvādasavassā saṅghena asammatā vuṭṭhāpeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Alaṃ tāva sokāvāsanti 『『alaṃ tāva te ayye vuṭṭhāpitenā』』ti ca, 『『caṇḍiṃ sokāvāsaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpeyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Chandā anuvassā ca dveti 『『pārivāsikachandadānena sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, anuvassaṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, ekaṃ vassaṃ dve vuṭṭhāpeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Samuṭṭhānā tikā katāti tikasamuṭṭhānā katā.

Sañcarittasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

260.Sañcarīkuṭi vihāroti sañcarittaṃ saññācikāya kuṭikaraṇaṃ mahallakavihārakaraṇañca. Dhovanañca paṭiggahoti aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā purāṇacīvaradhovāpanañca cīvarapaṭiggahaṇañca. Viññattuttari abhihaṭṭhunti aññātakaṃ gahapatiṃ cīvaraviññāpanaṃ tatuttarisādiyanasikkhāpadañca. Ubhinnaṃ dūtakena cāti 『『cīvaracetāpannaṃ upakkhaṭaṃ hotī』』ti āgatasikkhāpadadvayañca dūtena cīvaracetāpannapahitasikkhāpadañca.

Kosiyā suddhadvebhāgā, chabbassāni nisīdananti 『『kosiyamissakaṃ santhata』』ntiādīni pañca sikkhāpadāni. Riñcanti rūpikā cevāti vibhaṅge 『『riñcanti uddesa』』nti āgataṃ eḷakalomadhovāpanaṃ rūpiyappaṭiggahaṇasikkhāpadañca. Ubho nānappakārakāti rūpiyasaṃvohārakayavikkayasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Ūnabandhanavassikāti ūnapañcabandhanapattasikkhāpadañca vassikasāṭikasikkhāpadañca. Suttaṃ vikappanena cāti suttaṃ viññāpetvā cīvaravāyāpanañca tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappāpajjanañca. Dvāradānasibbāni cāti yāva dvārakosā aggaḷaṭṭhapanāya, 『『aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ dadeyya, cīvaraṃ sibbeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Pūvapaccayajoti cāti pūvehi vā manthehi vā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāraṇāsikkhāpadaṃ cātumāsapaccayappavāraṇājotisamādahanasikkhāpadāni ca.

Ratanaṃsūci mañco ca, tūlaṃ nisīdanakaṇḍu ca, vassikā ca sugatenāti ratanasikkhāpadañceva sūcigharasikkhāpadādīni ca satta sikkhāpadāni. Viññatti aññaṃ cetāpanā, dve saṅghikā mahājanikā, dve puggalalahukā garūti 『『yā pana bhikkhunī aññaṃ viññāpetvā aññaṃ viññāpeyyā』』tiādīni nava sikkhāpadāni. Dve vighāsā sāṭikā cāti 『『uccāraṃ vā passāvaṃ vā saṅkāraṃ vā vighāsaṃ vā tirokuṭṭe vā tiropākāre vā chaḍḍeyya vā chaḍḍāpeyya vā, harite chaḍḍeyya vā chaḍḍāpeyya vā』』ti evaṃ vuttāni dve vighāsasikkhāpadāni ca udakasāṭikāsikkhāpadañca. Samaṇacīvarena cāti 『『samaṇacīvaraṃ dadeyyā』』ti idametaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.

Samanubhāsanāsamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

  1. "兩年的學習由僧團"是指"兩年內在六種法中未學習的學習者,應當被驅逐,已學習的學習者由僧團未被認可而被驅逐"的戒律。"三個及世俗"是指不滿十二歲進入世俗生活,滿十二歲進入世俗生活,"兩年內在六種法中未學習,兩年內已學習,由僧團未被認可"的戒律。"處女組織"是指"不滿二十歲的處女"等方式所說的三個。"不滿十二歲的認可"是指"不滿十二歲應當被驅逐,滿十二歲由僧團未被認可而被驅逐"的兩個戒律。 "足以停止悲傷"是指"足以停止你的驅逐"以及"應當驅逐憤怒的悲傷的學習者"的兩個戒律。"自願和每年"是指"通過給予臨時的自願,應當驅逐學習者,每年應當驅逐,一年內驅逐兩次"的三個戒律。"生起的三重"是指已完成的三重生起。 行為生起的解釋。
  2. "行為小屋和寺院"是指通過請求建造小屋和大寺院。"清洗和接受"是指為非親屬的比丘尼清洗舊袈裟和接受袈裟。"超出的請求"是指向非親屬的居士請求袈裟和超出的相關戒律。"雙方的使者"是指關於袈裟的準備和使者傳遞袈裟的兩個戒律。 "絲綢純凈的兩部分,六年的就座"是指"混合絲綢墊子"等五個戒律。"丟棄和影象"是指在分別中提到的"丟棄教導",清洗羊毛和接受金屬的戒律。"兩種不同型別"是指金屬交易和買賣的兩個戒律。 "不滿的捆綁和雨季"是指不滿五個捆綁的碗的戒律和雨季長袍的戒律。"經文和替代"是指請求經文並安排織布,以及訪問織布匠並替代袈裟。"門和給予縫製"是指直到門的鎖釦,給予非親屬比丘尼袈裟和縫製袈裟的三個戒律。"麵包和原因的光"是指用麵包或混合物請求,以及四個月原因的請求和光的結合的戒律。 "寶石、針、床、棉絮、坐墊、瘙癢和雨季與善逝"是指寶石戒律和針房等七個戒律。"請求、其他和準備"是指"比丘尼請求一個並請求另一個"等九個戒律。"兩個殘渣和長袍"是指"在墻外或墻上丟棄或使丟棄糞便、尿液、垃圾或殘渣"的兩個戒律,以及水長袍的戒律。"沙門的袈裟"是指關於"給予沙門袈裟"而說的。 說明的行為生起的解釋。

261.Bhedānuvattadubbacadūsaduṭṭhulladiṭṭhicāti saṅghabhedānuvattakadubbacakuladūsakaduṭṭhullappaṭicchādanadiṭṭhiappaṭinissajjanasikkhāpadāni. Chandaṃ ujjagghikā dve cāti chandaṃ adatvā gamanasikkhāpadaṃ ujjagghikāya antaraghare gamananisīdanasikkhāpadadvayañca. Dve ca saddāti 『『appasaddo antaraghare gamissāmi, nisīdissāmī』』ti sikkhāpadadvayañca. Na byāhareti 『『na sakabaḷena mukhena byāharissāmī』』ti sikkhāpadaṃ.

Chamā nīcāsane ṭhānaṃ, pacchato uppathena cāti chamāyaṃ nisīditvā, nīce āsane nisīditvā; ṭhitena nisinnassa, pacchato gacchantena purato gacchantassa, uppathena gacchantena pathena gacchantassa dhammadesanāsikkhāpadāni. Vajjānuvattigahaṇāti vajjappaṭicchādana, ukkhittānuvattaka, hatthaggahaṇādisaṅkhātāni tīṇi pārājikāni. Osāre paccācikkhanāti 『『anapaloketvā kārakasaṅghaṃ anaññāya gaṇassa chandaṃ osāreyyā』』ti ca 『『buddhaṃ paccakkhāmī』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Kismiṃ saṃsaṭṭhā dve vadhīti 『『kismiñcideva adhikaraṇe paccākatā』』ti ca 『『bhikkhuniyo paneva saṃsaṭṭhā viharantī』』ti ca 『『yā pana bhikkhunī evaṃ vadeyya saṃsaṭṭhāva ayye tumhe viharathā』』ti ca 『『attānaṃ vadhitvā vadhitvā rodeyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadāni. Visibbe dukkhitāya cāti 『『bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ visibbetvā vā visibbāpetvā vā』』ti ca 『『dukkhitaṃ sahajīvini』』nti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Puna saṃsaṭṭhā na vūpasameti 『『saṃsaṭṭhā vihareyya gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā』』ti evaṃ puna vuttasaṃsaṭṭhasikkhāpadañca 『『ehayye, imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamehī』』ti vuccamānā, 『『sādhū』』ti paṭissuṇitvā 『『sā pacchā anantarāyikinī neva vūpasammeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadañca. Ārāmañca pavāraṇāti 『『jānaṃ sabhikkhukaṃ ārāmaṃ anāpucchā paviseyyā』』ti ca 『『ubhatosaṅghe tīhi ṭhānehi na pavāreyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Anvaddhaṃ sahajīviniṃ dveti 『『anvaddhamāsaṃ bhikkhuniyā bhikkhusaṅghato dve dhammā paccāsīsitabbā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadañca, 『『sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā dve vassāni neva anuggaṇheyya, sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā neva vūpakāseyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadadvayañca. Cīvaraṃ anubandhanāti 『『sace me tvaṃ, ayye, cīvaraṃ dassasi, evāhaṃ taṃ vuṭṭhāpessāmī』』ti ca 『『sace maṃ tvaṃ, ayye, dve vassāni anubandhissasi, evāhaṃ taṃ vuṭṭhāpessāmī』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Kathinasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

  1. "分裂、追隨、頑固、損壞、嚴重、見解"是指破壞僧團、追隨頑固、損壞家庭、嚴重遮蔽、不放棄見解的戒律。"自願和兩個大笑"是指不給予自願而行走的戒律,以及在室內行走和就座的兩個大笑戒律。"兩個聲音"是指"在室內行走時聲音很小,就座時聲音很小"的兩個戒律。"不說話"是指"不用自己的口說話"的戒律。 "地上、低座、站立、後面、歧路"是指在地上就座,在低座上就座,站立時坐下,從後面走,從前面走,在歧路上走,在正路上走的說法戒律。"追隨過失的接觸"是指遮蔽過失、追隨被驅逐者、手部接觸等三個波羅夷。"進入和否認"是指"未經允許、未告知僧團、未得到同意而進入"以及"我否認佛陀"的兩個戒律。 "在何處相互糾纏兩個殺"是指"在某些爭議中被拒絕","比丘尼相互糾纏而居住","比丘尼如此說:'尊敬的,你們相互糾纏而居住'","自己殺害並哭泣"的戒律。"縫製和痛苦"是指"比丘尼縫製或使縫製袈裟"以及"與同伴一起痛苦"的兩個戒律。"再次相互糾纏不平息"是指"與居士或居士之子相互糾纏而居住"的再次相互糾纏的戒律,以及被要求"來吧,尊敬的,平息這個爭議"時,回答"好的",但後來不平息的戒律。"園林和請求"是指"明知有比丘的園林未經允許而進入"以及"不在兩個僧團的三個地方請求"的兩個戒律。 "每半月與同伴"是指"每半月應從比丘僧團期待兩個法"的戒律,以及"驅逐同伴后兩年不幫助"和"驅逐同伴后不平息"的兩個戒律。"袈裟的追隨"是指"尊敬的,如果你給我袈裟,我將驅逐你"以及"尊敬的,如果你追隨我兩年,我將驅逐你"的兩個戒律。 艱難生起的解釋。

262.Ubbhataṃkathinaṃ tīṇīti 『『niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṃ bhikkhunā ubbhatasmiṃ kathine』』ti vuttāni āditova tīṇi sikkhāpadāni. Paṭhamaṃ pattabhesajjanti 『『dasāhaparamaṃ atirekapatto』』ti vuttaṃ paṭhamapattasikkhāpadañca 『『paṭisāyanīyāni bhesajjānī』』ti vuttasikkhāpadañca. Accekañcāpi sāsaṅkanti accekacīvarasikkhāpadañca tadanantarameva sāsaṅkasikkhāpadañca. Pakkamantena vā duveti 『『taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyyā』』ti bhūtagāmavagge vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Upassayaṃ paramparāti 『『bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvā bhikkhuniyo ovadeyyā』』ti ca 『『paramparabhojane pācittiya』』nti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Anatirittaṃ nimantanāti 『『anatirittaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā』』ti ca 『『nimantito sabhatto samāno』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Vikappaṃ rañño vikāleti 『『sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ vikappetvā』』ti ca 『『rañño khattiyassā』』ti ca 『『vikāle gāmaṃ paviseyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Vosāsāraññakena cāti 『『vosāsamānarūpā ṭhitā』』ti ca 『『tathārūpesu āraññakesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṃvidita』』nti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Ussayā sannicayañcāti 『『ussayavādikā』』ti ca 『『pattasannicayaṃ kareyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Pure pacchā vikāle cāti 『『yā pana bhikkhunī purebhattaṃ kulāni upasaṅkamitvā』』ti ca, 『『pacchābhattaṃ kulāni upasaṅkamitvā』』ti ca, 『『vikāle kulāni upasaṅkamitvā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Pañcāhikā saṅkamanīti 『『pañcāhikā saṅghāṭicāraṃ atikkameyyā』』ti ca 『『cīvarasaṅkamanīyaṃ dhāreyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Dvepi āvasathena cāti 『『āvasathacīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjeyya, āvasathaṃ anissajjitvā cārikaṃ pakkameyyā』』ti ca evaṃ āvasathena saddhiṃ vuttasikkhāpadāni ca dve.

Pasākhe āsane cevāti 『『pasākhe jātaṃ gaṇḍaṃ vā』』ti ca 『『bhikkhussa purato anāpucchā āsane nisīdeyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Eḷakalomasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

  1. "被舉起的艱難三個"是指"比丘在完成袈裟時被舉起的艱難"最初的三個戒律。"第一個碗和藥物"是指"最多十天超出碗"的第一個碗戒律,以及"可吐的藥物"的戒律。"過多和可疑"是指過多袈裟的戒律,緊接著是可疑的戒律。"離開或兩個"是指在生物群落章節中提到的兩個關於離開的戒律。 "寢室和連續"是指"去比丘尼寢室並教導比丘尼"以及"連續飲食的波逸提"的兩個戒律。"不超出和邀請"是指"不超出的可咀嚼食物或可食用食物"以及"被邀請且有食物"的兩個戒律。"替代和國王的非時"是指"自己替代袈裟","國王的剎帝利"以及"在非時進入村莊"的三個戒律。"放棄和森林"是指"站在放棄的形態"以及"在這種森林住處中之前未經同意"的兩個戒律。 "提高和積累"是指"提高說話者"以及"積累碗"的兩個戒律。"之前、之後和非時"是指"比丘尼在用餐前訪問家庭","在用餐后訪問家庭","在非時訪問家庭"的三個戒律。"五天和交換"是指"超過五天的僧伽衣行為"以及"穿著可交換的袈裟"的兩個戒律。"兩個和住處"是指"不放棄住處的袈裟而使用,不放棄住處而外出"等與住處相關的兩個戒律。 "分枝和座位"是指"在分枝上生長的腫塊"以及"未經允許在比丘前就座"的兩個戒律。 羊毛生起的解釋。

263.Eḷakalomādve seyyāti eḷakalomasikkhāpadañceva dve ca sahaseyyasikkhāpadāni. Āhacca piṇḍabhojananti āhaccapādakasikkhāpadañca āvasathapiṇḍabhojanasikkhāpadañca. Gaṇavikālasannidhīti gaṇabhojanavikālabhojanasannidhikārakasikkhāpadattayaṃ . Dantaponena celakāti dantaponasikkhāpadañca acelakasikkhāpadañca. Uyyuttaṃ senaṃ uyyodhīti 『『uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya gaccheyya, senāya vaseyya, uyyodhikaṃ vā…pe… anīkadassanaṃ vā gaccheyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Surā orena nhāyanāti surāpānasikkhāpadañca orenaddhamāsanahānasikkhāpadañca. Dubbaṇṇe dve desanikāti 『『tiṇṇaṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇāna』』nti vuttasikkhāpadañca vuttāvasesapāṭidesanīyadvayañca. Lasuṇupatiṭṭhe naccanāti lasuṇasikkhāpadaṃ, 『『bhikkhussa bhuñjantassa pānīyena vā vidhūpanena vā upatiṭṭheyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadaṃ, 『『naccaṃ vā gītaṃ vā vāditaṃ vā dassanāya gaccheyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadañca. Ito paraṃ pāḷiṃ virajjhitvā likhanti. Yathā pana atthaṃ vaṇṇayissāma; evamettha anukkamo veditabbo.

Nhānamattharaṇaṃseyyāti 『『naggā nahāyeyya, ekattharaṇapāvuraṇā tuvaṭṭeyyuṃ, ekamañce tuvaṭṭeyyu』』nti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Antoraṭṭhe tathā bahīti 『『antoraṭṭhe sāsaṅkasammate, tiroraṭṭhe sāsaṅkasammate』』ti vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Antovassaṃ cittāgāranti 『『antovassaṃ cārikaṃ pakkameyya, rājāgāraṃ vā cittāgāraṃ vā…pe… pokkharaṇiṃ vā dassanāya gaccheyyā』』ti ca vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Āsandiṃ suttakantanāti 『『āsandiṃ vā pallaṅkaṃ vā paribhuñjeyya, suttaṃ kanteyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ.

Veyyāvaccaṃ sahatthā cāti 『『gihiveyyāvaccaṃ kareyya, agārikassa vā paribbājakassa vā paribbājikāya vā sahatthā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā dadeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ. Abhikkhukāvāsena cāti 『『abhikkhuke āvāse vassaṃ vaseyyā』』ti idametaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Chattaṃ yānañca saṅghāṇinti 『『chattupāhanaṃ dhāreyya, yānena yāyeyya, saṅghāṇiṃ dhāreyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Alaṅkāragandhavāsitanti 『『itthālaṅkāraṃ dhāreyya, gandhacuṇṇakena nahāyeyya, vāsitakena piññākena nahāyeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Bhikkhunītiādinā 『『bhikkhuniyā ummaddāpeyyā』』tiādīni cattāri sikkhāpadāni vuttāni. Asaṅkaccikā āpattīti 『『asaṅkaccikā gāmaṃ paviseyya pācittiya』』nti evaṃ vuttaāpatti ca. Cattārīsā catuttarīti etāni sabbānipi catucattālīsa sikkhāpadāni vuttāni.

Kāyena na vācācittena, kāyacittena na vācatoti kāyena ceva kāyacittena ca samuṭṭhahanti; na vācācittena na vācatoti attho. Dvisamuṭṭhānikā sabbe, samā eḷakalomikāti idaṃ uttānatthameva.

Padasodhammasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

264.Padaññatra asammatāti 『『padaso dhammaṃ, mātugāmassa uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseyya, aññatra viññunā purisaviggahena, asammato bhikkhuniyo ovadeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Tathā atthaṅgatena cāti 『『atthaṅgate sūriye ovadeyyā』』ti idametaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tiracchānavijjā dveti 『『tiracchānavijjaṃ pariyāpuṇeyya, vāceyyā』』ti evaṃ vuttasikkhāpadadvayaṃ . Anokāso ca pucchanāti 『『anokāsakataṃ bhikkhuṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyā』』ti idametaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.

Addhānasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

  1. "羊毛和兩個臥具"是指羊毛戒律和兩個共同臥具的戒律。"依靠和團食"是指依靠腳的戒律和住處團食的戒律。"群體、非時和存在"是指群體用餐、非時用餐、存在和原因的三個戒律。"牙籤和無衣"是指牙籤戒律和無衣戒律。"出動的軍隊和戰鬥"是指"去觀看出動的軍隊,在軍隊中居住,或去觀看戰鬥"的三個戒律。"酒和此岸沐浴"是指飲酒戒律和此岸半月不沐浴的戒律。"不良顏色和兩個地方"是指"三種造成不良顏色"的戒律和其餘兩個波逸提。"大蒜、侍立和舞蹈"是指大蒜戒律,"為正在用餐的比丘以飲料或驅煙侍立"的戒律,以及"去觀看舞蹈、歌唱或樂器"的戒律。此後的巴利文字有缺漏。按照我們將解釋的意義,應當這樣理解。 "沐浴、鋪蓋和臥具"是指"裸體沐浴,一個鋪蓋和一個覆蓋物應當緊貼,在一張床上應當緊貼"的三個戒律。"國內和外部"是指"在國內被認為可疑,在國外被認為可疑"的兩個戒律。"雨季內和宮殿"是指"在雨季外出行走,去觀看王宮或宮殿或池塘"的兩個戒律。"長椅和紡線"是指"使用長椅或臥榻,紡線"的兩個戒律。 "服務和親手"是指"為在家人服務,親手給予在家人、苦行者或苦行女親手可咀嚼或可食用的食物"的兩個戒律。"非比丘住處"是指"在非比丘的住處過夜"。"傘、車和橫木"是指"攜帶傘蓋,乘坐車輛,攜帶橫木"的三個戒律。"裝飾、香和芳香"是指"穿戴女性裝飾,用香粉沐浴,用芳香的油沐浴"的戒律。以"比丘尼"開頭的是"使比丘尼按摩"等四個戒律。"無意的過失"是指"無意地進入村莊的波逸提"。總共四十四個戒律已被說明。 "身體不是語言和意志,身體和意志不是語言"意指身體和身體意志同時生起;不是語言意志,不是語言,這是意思。兩種生起,與羊毛相同,這是顯而易見的意思。 詞語法生起的解釋。
  2. "詞語未經認可"是指"逐詞說法,為女性用超過六詞說法,除了有智慧的男性,未經認可教導比丘尼"的三個戒律。"以及日落"是指"在日落時教導"。"世俗學問兩個"是指"學習和宣講世俗學問"的兩個戒律。"無機會和詢問"是指"詢問未給機會的比丘問題"。 長途旅行生起的解釋。

265.Addhānanāvaṃ paṇītanti 『『bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjeyya, ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruheyya, paṇītabhojanāni agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Mātugāmena saṃhareti mātugāmena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya gamanañca 『『sambādhe lomaṃ saṃharāpeyyā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadañca. Dhaññaṃ nimantitā cevāti 『『dhaññaṃ viññāpetvā vā』』ti ca 『『nimantitā vā pavāritā vā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā』』ti vuttasikkhāpadañca. Aṭṭha cāti bhikkhunīnaṃ vuttā aṭṭha pāṭidesanīyā vā.

Theyyasatthasamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

266.Theyyasatthaṃ upassutīti theyyasatthena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggagamanañca upassutitiṭṭhanañca. Sūpaviññāpanena cāti idaṃ sūpodanaviññattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Rattichannañca okāsanti 『『rattandhakāre appadīpe, paṭicchanne okāse, ajjhokāse purisena saddhi』』nti evaṃ vuttasikkhāpadattayaṃ. Byūhena sattamāti idaṃ tadanantarameva 『『rathikāya vā byūhe vā siṅghāṭake vā purisena saddhi』』nti āgatasikkhāpadaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.

Dhammadesanāsamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

  1. Dhammadesanāsamuṭṭhānāni ekādasa uttānāneva. Evaṃ tāva sambhinnasamuṭṭhānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Niyatasamuṭṭhānaṃ pana tividhaṃ, taṃ ekekasseva sikkhāpadassa hoti, taṃ visuṃyeva dassetuṃ 『『bhūtaṃ kāyena jāyatī』』tiādi vuttaṃ, taṃ uttānameva. Nettidhammānulomikanti vinayapāḷidhammassa anulomanti.

Samuṭṭhānasīsavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Antarapeyyālaṃ

Katipucchāvāravaṇṇanā

  1. "關於長途旅行的船"是指"比丘尼應與他人共同選擇一條道路,乘坐一隻船,享用美味的食物,告知他人以便自己享用"的三個戒律。"與女性同行"是指"與女性共同選擇旅行,並在緊急情況下應當收起頭髮"的戒律。"糧食的邀請"是指"告知糧食,或被邀請或被阻止的可咀嚼或可食用的食物"的戒律。"八個"是指比丘尼所述的八個波逸提。 關於他人利益的生起的解釋。
  2. "與他人利益相關的"是指"與他人共同選擇一條道路,並在此基礎上行走與停留"的戒律。"通過良好的識別"是指"通過良好的識別"的戒律。"夜間和隱蔽"是指"在黑暗的夜晚,光線微弱的地方,隱蔽的地方,與人同行"的三個戒律。"通過陣列的第七"是指"與車伕、陣列或馬車共同選擇"的戒律。 關於法的講解的生起的解釋。
  3. "法的講解的生起"共有十一種,至此應當理解為分散的生起。確定的生起則有三種,每種戒律各自存在,特定地說明"生於身體"等,這些是直接的說明。關於"順應法的"是指"順應于戒律的法"。 關於生起的總結已完成。 關於一些問題的解釋。

  4. Idāni āpattiādikoṭṭhāsesu kosallajananatthaṃ 『『kati āpattiyo』』tiādinā nayena mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā niddesappaṭiniddesavasena vibhaṅgo vutto.

Tattha kati āpattiyoti mātikāya ca vibhaṅge ca āgatāpattipucchā. Esa nayo dutiyapadepi. Kevalañhettha āpattiyo eva rāsivasena khandhāti vuttā. Vinītavatthūnīti tāsaṃ āpattīnaṃ vinayapucchā; 『『vinītaṃ vinayo vūpasamo』』ti idañhi atthato ekaṃ, vinītāniyeva vinītavatthūnīti ayamettha padattho. Idāni yesu sati āpattiyo honti, asati na honti, te dassetuṃ 『『kati agāravā』』ti pucchādvayaṃ. Vinītavatthūnīti ayaṃ pana tesaṃ agāravānaṃ vinayapucchā. Yasmā pana tā āpattiyo vipattiṃ āpattā nāma natthi, tasmā 『『kati vipattiyo』』ti ayaṃ āpattīnaṃ vipattibhāvapucchā. Kati āpattisamuṭṭhānānīti tāsaṃyeva āpattīnaṃ samuṭṭhānapucchā. Vivādamūlāni anuvādamūlānīti imā 『『vivādādhikaraṇaṃ anuvādādhikaraṇa』』nti āgatānaṃ vivādānuvādānaṃ mūlapucchā. Sāraṇīyā dhammāti vivādānuvādamūlānaṃ abhāvakaradhammapucchā. Bhedakaravatthūnīti ayaṃ 『『bhedanasaṃvattanikaṃ vā adhikaraṇa』』ntiādīsu vuttabhedakaraṇapucchā. Adhikaraṇānīti bhedakaravatthūsu sati uppajjanadhammapucchā. Samathāti tesaṃyeva vūpasamanadhammapucchā. Pañca āpattiyoti mātikāya āgatavasena vuttā. Sattāti vibhaṅge āgatavasena.

Ārakā etehi ramatīti ārati; bhusā vā rati ārati. Vinā etehi ramatīti virati. Paccekaṃ paccekaṃ viramatīti paṭivirati. Veraṃ maṇati vināsetīti veramaṇī. Na etāya ete āpattikkhandhā karīyantīti akiriyā. Yaṃ etāya asati āpattikkhandhakaraṇaṃ uppajjeyya, tassa paṭipakkhato akaraṇaṃ. Āpattikkhandhaajjhāpattiyā paṭipakkhato anajjhāpatti. Velanato velā; calayanato vināsanatoti attho . Niyyānaṃ sinoti bandhati nivāretīti setu. Āpattikkhandhānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. So setu etāya paññattiyā haññatīti setughāto. Sesavinītavatthuniddesesupi eseva nayo.

Buddhe agāravādīsu yo buddhe dharamāne upaṭṭhānaṃ na gacchati, parinibbute cetiyaṭṭhānaṃ bodhiṭṭhānaṃ na gacchati, cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā na vandati, cetiyaṅgaṇe sachatto saupāhano carati, natthetassa buddhe gāravoti veditabbo. Yo pana sakkontoyeva dhammassavanaṃ na gacchati, sarabhaññaṃ na bhaṇati, dhammakathaṃ na katheti, dhammassavanaggaṃ bhinditvā gacchati, vikkhitto vā anādaro vā nisīdati, natthetassa dhamme gāravo. Yo theranavamajjhimesu cittīkāraṃ na paccupaṭṭhāpeti, uposathāgāravitakkamāḷakādīsu kāyappāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, yathāvuḍḍhaṃ na vandati, natthetassa saṅghe gāravo. Tisso sikkhā samādāya asikkhamānoyeva pana sikkhāya agāravoti veditabbo. Pamāde ca sativippavāse tiṭṭhamānoyeva appamādalakkhaṇaṃ abrūhayamāno appamāde agāravoti veditabbo. Tathā āmisappaṭisanthāraṃ dhammappaṭisanthāranti imaṃ duvidhaṃ paṭisanthāraṃ akarontoyeva paṭisanthāre agāravoti veditabbo. Gāravaniddese vuttavipariyāyena attho veditabbo.

  1. 現在在關於過失的章節中,爲了闡明過失的數量,設定了「有多少過失」的問題,並以此作為目錄,結合說明與不說明的方式進行了分類。 其中「有多少過失」是指目錄和分類中所提到的過失問題。這一方式在第二部分也是如此。這裡僅提到過失,作為總類的分類。關於「被馴服的事物」,是指對這些過失的馴服問題;「馴服即是馴服的平息」,這實際上是同一件事,馴服的事物即是被馴服的事物,這就是這裡的字面意思。現在對於那些存在過失的情況,若不存在則沒有,提出了「有多少尊重者」的兩個問題。關於「被馴服的事物」,這是對那些尊重者的馴服問題。由於這些過失並不被稱為過失,所以「有多少損失」是對這些過失的損失性質的提問。「有多少過失的起因」是對這些過失的起因進行提問。關於爭議的根源和附屬爭議,這是指「爭議事項和附屬爭議事項」的提問。關於「應當具備的法」,是對爭議和附屬爭議的缺失法進行提問。關於「分裂的事物」,這是指「導致分裂的事項」等等的提問。關於事項的起因,則是對分裂的事物的存在所引起的法進行提問。關於「平息」,則是對這些的平息法進行提問。五個過失是根據目錄所提到的。七個則是根據分類所提到的。 「這些人因這些事情而歡愉」,指的是歡愉;「極度的歡愉」則是歡愉的極致。「沒有這些人而歡愉」是指離開歡愉。「各自各自地離開」是指個別的離開。「恨是消滅」的意思是「恨的消除」。「這些過失之類的事情不會被做」是指不作為。如果因這些而產生過失,反而應當避免。「關於過失的範圍」是指關於過失的定義。「如是過失因這些定義而受損」是指因這些定義而受到的損失。「關於這些過失的定義」是此處的定義。 「對佛陀的尊重者」是指對於佛陀的尊重者,如果不去供養佛陀的教法,或在涅槃后不去供養聖地,不去禮拜聖地或菩提樹,或在聖地的聚集中沒有適當的行為,那麼此人就應當被認為對佛陀沒有尊重。而如果他僅僅能夠聽法而不去聽法,或不去誦經,不去講法,或在聽法的過程中打斷,或心不在焉或不尊重地坐著,那麼此人就應當被認為對法沒有尊重。如果他在長者和中間者的聚集中不去恭敬,或在齋戒房的思維中表現出輕慢的態度,不如其所應有的去禮拜,那麼此人就應當被認為對僧團沒有尊重。持有三種戒律而不學習的人,顯然應當被認為對戒律沒有尊重。若在放縱和失去正念的情況下,保持著少許的正念特徵,而不顯露出正念的特徵,則應當被認為對戒律沒有尊重。同樣地,對於物質的交往和法的交往,這兩種交往都不應當被做,因而應當被認為對交往沒有尊重。關於尊重的定義,所述的意義應當被理解。

  2. Vivādamūlaniddese 『『sattharipi agāravo』』tiādīnaṃ buddhe agāravādīsu vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. Appatissoti anīcavutti; na satthāraṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā viharati. Ajjhattaṃ vāti attano santāne vā attano pakkhe vā; sakāya parisāyāti attho. Bahiddhā vāti parasantāne vā parapakkhe vā. Tatra tumheti tasmiṃ ajjhattabahiddhābhede saparasantāne vā saparaparisāya vā. Pahānāya vāyameyyāthāti mettābhāvanādīhi nayehi pahānatthaṃ vāyameyyātha; mettābhāvanādinayena hi taṃ ajjhattampi bahiddhāpi pahīyati. Anavassavāyāti appavattibhāvāya.

Sandiṭṭhiparāmāsīti sakameva diṭṭhiṃ parāmasati; yaṃ attanā diṭṭhigataṃ gahitaṃ, idameva saccanti gaṇhāti . Ādhānaggāhīti daḷhaggāhī.

  1. Anuvādamūlaniddeso kiñcāpi vivādamūlaniddeseneva samāno, atha kho aṭṭhārasa bhedakaravatthūni nissāya vivadantānaṃ kodhūpanāhādayo vivādamūlāni. Tathā vivadantā pana sīlavipattiādīsu aññataravipattiṃ āpajjitvā 『『asuko bhikkhu asukaṃ nāma vipattiṃ āpanno』』ti vā, 『『pārājikaṃ āpannosi, saṅghādisesaṃ āpannosī』』ti vā anuvadanti. Evaṃ anuvadantānaṃ kodhūpanāhādayo anuvādamūlānīti ayamettha viseso.

  2. 在爭議根源的解釋中,"即使對於導師也沒有尊重"等,應當按照之前關於對佛陀缺乏尊重的方式來理解。"不順從"是指行為低下;不以導師為最尊貴而生活。"在內在"是指在自己的內心或自己的陣營;意思是在自己的集會中。"在外在"是指在他人的內心或他人的陣營。"在你們那裡"是指在內在和外在的區分中,或在他人的內心或他人的集會中。"應當努力去除"是指應當通過慈悲修習等方式努力去除;通過慈悲修習等方式,這種(問題)無論在內在還是外在都可以被去除。"不滲透"是指不發生。 "執著于所見"是指執著于自己的見解;他所把握的、自己認為的見解,就執著于"這才是真理"。"堅持執著"是指堅定地執著。

  3. 附屬爭議的解釋雖然與爭議根源的解釋相同,但是基於十八種分裂的事物,爭論者的憤怒和怨恨等是爭議的根源。這些爭論者通過犯某種過失,如戒律的缺陷等,說:"某位比丘犯了某種過失",或"你犯了波羅夷罪,或僧殘罪"而進行指責。這些指責者的憤怒和怨恨等是附屬爭議的根源,這就是這裡的區別。

  4. Sāraṇīyadhammaniddese mettacittena kataṃ kāyakammaṃ mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Āvi ceva raho cāti sammukhā ca parammukhā ca. Tattha navakānaṃ cīvarakammādīsu sahāyabhāvagamanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Therānaṃ pana pādadhovanabījanavātadānādibhedampi sabbaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ubhayehipi dunnikkhittānaṃ dārubhaṇḍādīnaṃ tesu avamaññaṃ akatvā attanā dunnikkhittānaṃ viya paṭisāmanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyoti ayaṃ mettākāyakammasaṅkhāto dhammo saritabbo satijanako; yo naṃ karoti, taṃ puggalaṃ; yesaṃ kato hoti, te pasannacittā 『『aho sappuriso』』ti anussarantīti adhippāyo. Piyakaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyaṃ karoti. Garukaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ garuṃ karoti. Saṅgahāyātiādīsu sabrahmacārīhi saṅgahetabbabhāvāya. Tehi saddhiṃ avivādāya samaggabhāvāya ekībhāvāya ca saṃvattati.

Mettaṃ vacīkammantiādīsu devatthero tissattheroti evaṃ paggayha vacanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Vihāre asante pana taṃ paṭipucchantassa 『『kuhiṃ amhākaṃ devatthero, kuhiṃ amhākaṃ tissatthero, kadā nu kho āgamissatī』』ti evaṃ mamāyanavacanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Mettāsinehasiniddhāni pana nayanāni ummīletvā pasannena mukhena olokanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma. 『『Devatthero tissatthero arogo hotu, appābādho』』ti samannāharaṇaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma.

Appaṭivibhattabhogīti neva āmisaṃ paṭivibhajitvā bhuñjati, na puggalaṃ. Yo hi 『『ettakaṃ paresaṃ dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmi, ettakaṃ vā asukassa ca asukassa ca dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmī』』ti vibhajitvā bhuñjati, ayaṃ paṭivibhattabhogī nāma. Ayaṃ pana evaṃ akatvā ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ therāsanato paṭṭhāya datvā gahitāvasesaṃ bhuñjati. 『『Sīlavantehī』』ti vacanato dussīlassa adātumpi vaṭṭati, sāraṇīyadhammapūrakena pana sabbesaṃ dātabbamevāti vuttaṃ. Gilāna-gilānupaṭṭhāka-āgantuka-gamikacīvarakammādipasutānaṃ viceyya dātumpi vaṭṭati. Na hi ete vicinitvā dentena puggalavibhāgo kato hoti, īdisānañhi kicchalābhattā viseso kātabboyevāti ayaṃ karoti.

Akhaṇḍānītiādīsu yassa sattasu āpattikkhandhesu ādimhi vā ante vā sikkhāpadaṃ bhinnaṃ hoti, tassa sīlaṃ pariyante chinnasāṭako viya khaṇḍaṃ nāma. Yassa pana vemajjhe bhinnaṃ, tassa majjhe chiddasāṭako viya chiddaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa paṭipāṭiyā dve tīṇi bhinnāni, tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ vā kucchiyaṃ vā uṭṭhitena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya sabalaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa antarantarā bhinnāni, tassa antarantarā visabhāgavaṇṇabinduvicitrā gāvī viya kammāsaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa pana sabbena sabbaṃ abhinnāni sīlāni, tassa tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni nāma honti. Tāni panetāni bhujissabhāvakaraṇato bhujissāni. Viññūhi pasatthattā viññuppasatthāni. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhattā aparāmaṭṭhāni. Upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā saṃvattayantīti samādhisaṃvattanikānīti vuccanti. Sīlasāmaññagato viharatīti tesu tesu disābhāgesu viharantehi kalyāṇasīlehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ samānabhāvūpagatasīlo viharati.

  1. Sāraṇīyadhammaniddese mettacittena kataṃ kāyakammaṃ mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Āvi ceva raho cāti sammukhā ca parammukhā ca. Tattha navakānaṃ cīvarakammādīsu sahāyabhāvagamanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Therānaṃ pana pādadhovanabījanavātadānādibhedampi sabbaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ubhayehipi dunnikkhittānaṃ dārubhaṇḍādīnaṃ tesu avamaññaṃ akatvā attanā dunnikkhittānaṃ viya paṭisāmanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyoti ayaṃ mettākāyakammasaṅkhāto dhammo saritabbo satijanako; yo naṃ karoti, taṃ puggalaṃ; yesaṃ kato hoti, te pasannacittā 『『aho sappuriso』』ti anussarantīti adhippāyo. Piyakaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyaṃ karoti. Garukaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ garuṃ karoti. Saṅgahāyātiādīsu sabrahmacārīhi saṅgahetabbabhāvāya. Tehi saddhiṃ avivādāya samaggabhāvāya ekībhāvāya ca saṃvattati.

Mettaṃ vacīkammantiādīsu devatthero tissattheroti evaṃ paggayha vacanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Vihāre asante pana taṃ paṭipucchantassa 『『kuhiṃ amhākaṃ devatthero, kuhiṃ amhākaṃ tissatthero, kadā nu kho āgamissatī』』ti evaṃ mamāyanavacanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Mettāsinehasiniddhāni pana nayanāni ummīletvā pasannena mukhena olokanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma. 『『Devatthero tissatthero arogo hotu, appābādho』』ti samannāharaṇaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma.

Appaṭivibhattabhogīti neva āmisaṃ paṭivibhajitvā bhuñjati, na puggalaṃ. Yo hi 『『ettakaṃ paresaṃ dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmi, ettakaṃ vā asukassa ca asukassa ca dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmī』』ti vibhajitvā bhuñjati, ayaṃ paṭivibhattabhogī nāma. Ayaṃ pana evaṃ akatvā ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ therāsanato paṭṭhāya datvā gahitāvasesaṃ bhuñjati. 『『Sīlavantehī』』ti vacanato dussīlassa adātumpi vaṭṭati, sāraṇīyadhammapūrakena pana sabbesaṃ dātabbamevāti vuttaṃ. Gilāna-gilānupaṭṭhāka-āgantuka-gamikacīvarakammādipasutānaṃ viceyya dātumpi vaṭṭati. Na hi ete vicinitvā dentena puggalavibhāgo kato hoti, īdisānañhi kicchalābhattā viseso kātabboyevāti ayaṃ karoti.

Akhaṇḍānītiādīsu yassa sattasu āpattikkhandhesu ādimhi vā ante vā sikkhāpadaṃ bhinnaṃ hoti, tassa sīlaṃ pariyante chinnasāṭako viya khaṇḍaṃ nāma. Yassa pana vemajjhe bhinnaṃ, tassa majjhe chiddasāṭako viya chiddaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa paṭipāṭiyā dve tīṇi bhinnāni, tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ vā kucchiyaṃ vā uṭṭhitena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya sabalaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa antarantarā bhinnāni, tassa antarantarā visabhāgavaṇṇabinduvicitrā gāvī viya kammāsaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa pana sabbena sabbaṃ abhinnāni sīlāni, tassa tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni nāma honti. Tāni panetāni bhujissabhāvakaraṇato bhujissāni. Viññūhi pasatthattā viññuppasatthāni. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhattā aparāmaṭṭhāni. Upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā saṃvattayantīti samādhisaṃvattanikānīti vuccanti. Sīlasāmaññagato viharatīti tesu tesu disābhāgesu viharantehi kalyāṇasīlehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ samānabhāvūpagatasīlo viharati.

  1. Sāraṇīyadhammaniddese mettacittena kataṃ kāyakammaṃ mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Āvi ceva raho cāti sammukhā ca parammukhā ca. Tattha navakānaṃ cīvarakammādīsu sahāyabhāvagamanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Therānaṃ pana pādadhovanabījanavātadānādibhedampi sabbaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ubhayehipi dunnikkhittānaṃ dārubhaṇḍādīnaṃ tesu avamaññaṃ akatvā attanā dunnikkhittānaṃ viya paṭisāmanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyoti ayaṃ mettākāyakammasaṅkhāto dhammo saritabbo satijanako; yo naṃ karoti, taṃ puggalaṃ; yesaṃ kato hoti, te pasannacittā 『『aho sappuriso』』ti anussarantīti adhippāyo. Piyakaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyaṃ karoti. Garukaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ garuṃ karoti. Saṅgahāyātiādīsu sabrahmacārīhi saṅgahetabbabhāvāya. Tehi saddhiṃ avivādāya samaggabhāvāya ekībhāvāya ca saṃvattati.

Mettaṃ vacīkammantiādīsu devatthero tissattheroti evaṃ paggayha vacanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Vihāre asante pana taṃ paṭipucchantassa 『『kuhiṃ amhākaṃ devatthero, kuhiṃ amhākaṃ tissatthero, kadā nu kho āgamissatī』』ti evaṃ mamāyanavacanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Mettāsinehasiniddhāni pana nayanāni ummīletvā pasannena mukhena olokanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma. 『『Devatthero tissatthero arogo hotu, appābādho』』ti samannāharaṇaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma.

Appaṭivibhattabhogīti neva āmisaṃ paṭivibhajitvā bhuñjati, na puggalaṃ. Yo hi 『『ettakaṃ paresaṃ dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmi, ettakaṃ vā asukassa ca asukassa ca dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmī』』ti vibhajitvā bhuñjati, ayaṃ paṭivibhattabhogī nāma. Ayaṃ pana evaṃ akatvā ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ therāsanato paṭṭhāya datvā gahitāvasesaṃ bhuñjati. 『『Sīlavantehī』』ti vacanato dussīlassa adātumpi vaṭṭati, sāraṇīyadhammapūrakena pana sabbesaṃ dātabbamevāti vuttaṃ. Gilāna-gilānupaṭṭhāka-āgantuka-gamikacīvarakammādipasutānaṃ viceyya dātumpi vaṭṭati. Na hi ete vicinitvā dentena puggalavibhāgo kato hoti, īdisānañhi kicchalābhattā viseso kātabboyevāti ayaṃ karoti.

Akhaṇḍānītiādīsu yassa sattasu āpattikkhandhesu ādimhi vā ante vā sikkhāpadaṃ bhinnaṃ hoti, tassa sīlaṃ pariyante chinnasāṭako viya khaṇḍaṃ nāma. Yassa pana vemajjhe bhinnaṃ, tassa majjhe chiddasāṭako viya chiddaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa paṭipāṭiyā dve tīṇi bhinnāni, tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ vā kucchiyaṃ vā uṭṭhitena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya sabalaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa antarantarā bhinnāni, tassa antarantarā visabhāgavaṇṇabinduvicitrā gāvī viya kammāsaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa pana sabbena sabbaṃ abhinnāni sīlāni, tassa tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni nāma honti. Tāni panetāni bhujissabhāvakaraṇato bhujissāni. Viññūhi pasatthattā viññuppasatthāni. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhattā aparāmaṭṭhāni. Upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā saṃvattayantīti samādhisaṃvattanikānīti vuccanti. Sīlasāmaññagato viharatīti tesu tesu disābhāgesu viharantehi kalyāṇasīlehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ samānabhāvūpagatasīlo viharati.

  1. Sāraṇīyadhammaniddese mettacittena kataṃ kāyakammaṃ mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Āvi ceva raho cāti sammukhā ca parammukhā ca. Tattha navakānaṃ cīvarakammādīsu sahāyabhāvagamanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Therānaṃ pana pādadhovanabījanavātadānādibhedampi sabbaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ubhayehipi dunnikkhittānaṃ dārubhaṇḍādīnaṃ tesu avamaññaṃ akatvā attanā dunnikkhittānaṃ viya paṭisāmanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyoti ayaṃ mettākāyakammasaṅkhāto dhammo saritabbo satijanako; yo naṃ karoti, taṃ puggalaṃ; yesaṃ kato hoti, te pasannacittā 『『aho sappuriso』』ti anussarantīti adhippāyo. Piyakaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyaṃ karoti. Garukaraṇoti taṃ puggalaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ garuṃ karoti. Saṅgahāyātiādīsu sabrahmacārīhi saṅgahetabbabhāvāya. Tehi saddhiṃ avivādāya samaggabhāvāya ekībhāvāya ca saṃvattati.

Mettaṃ vacīkammantiādīsu devatthero tissattheroti evaṃ paggayha vacanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Vihāre asante pana taṃ paṭipucchantassa 『『kuhiṃ amhākaṃ devatthero, kuhiṃ amhākaṃ tissatthero, kadā nu kho āgamissatī』』ti evaṃ mamāyanavacanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Mettāsinehasiniddhāni pana nayanāni ummīletvā pasannena mukhena olokanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma. 『『Devatthero tissatthero arogo hotu, appābādho』』ti samannāharaṇaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma.

Appaṭivibhattabhogīti neva āmisaṃ paṭivibhajitvā bhuñjati, na puggalaṃ. Yo hi 『『ettakaṃ paresaṃ dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmi, ettakaṃ vā asukassa ca asukassa ca dassāmi, ettakaṃ attanā bhuñjissāmī』』ti vibhajitvā bhuñjati, ayaṃ paṭivibhattabhogī nāma. Ayaṃ pana evaṃ akatvā ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ therāsanato paṭṭhāya datvā gahitāvasesaṃ bhuñjati. 『『Sīlavantehī』』ti vacanato dussīlassa adātumpi vaṭṭati, sāraṇīyadhammapūrakena pana sabbesaṃ dātabbamevāti vuttaṃ. Gilāna-gilānupaṭṭhāka-āgantuka-gamikacīvarakammādipasutānaṃ viceyya dātumpi vaṭṭati. Na hi ete vicinitvā dentena puggalavibhāgo kato hoti, īdisānañhi kicchalābhattā viseso kātabboyevāti ayaṃ karoti.

Akhaṇḍānītiādīsu yassa sattasu āpattikkhandhesu ādimhi vā ante vā sikkhāpadaṃ bhinnaṃ hoti, tassa sīlaṃ pariyante chinnasāṭako viya khaṇḍaṃ nāma. Yassa pana vemajjhe bhinnaṃ, tassa majjhe chiddasāṭako viya chiddaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa paṭipāṭiyā dve tīṇi bhinnāni, tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ vā kucchiyaṃ vā uṭṭhitena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya sabalaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa antarantarā bhinnāni, tassa antarantarā visabhāgavaṇṇabinduvicitrā gāvī viya kammāsaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa pana sabbena sabbaṃ abhinnāni sīlāni, tassa tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni nāma honti. Tāni panetāni bhujissabhāvakaraṇato bhujissāni. Viññūhi pasatthattā viññuppasatthāni. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhattā aparāmaṭṭhāni. Upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā saṃvattayantīti samādhisaṃvattanikānīti vuccanti. Sīlasāmaññagato viharatīti tesu tesu disābhāgesu viharantehi kalyāṇasīlehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ samānabhāvūpagatasīlo viharati.

注意此處是斷點重試開始位置,可能需要清理此位置之前的一次翻譯

以下是完整翻譯: 274. 在《友愛法詳解》中,以慈心所做的身業稱為慈身業。公開地和秘密地,面對面和背後。在這裡,對於新人們在衣服制作等事務中的同伴前往,這是面對面的慈身業。對於長老們,如洗腳、扇風、送風等各種恰當的工作,這是面對面的慈身業。對於雙方丟棄的木器物品等,不輕視它們,像自己丟棄的那樣整理,這是背後的慈身業。這法應被憶念,因為這被稱為慈身業的法是應被記憶的、能生起親近感的;做這事的人,那些受益的人心生歡喜,說:"啊,這是善人",這是其意圖。使之可愛是使這個人對同修變得可愛。使之尊重是使這個人對同修變得尊重。在"幫助"等處,是爲了被同修所幫助。它導致與他們和睦、和合、趨於統一。 慈語業等處,如"德瓦長老蒂薩長老",這樣明確地說,是面對面的慈語業。當在寺院不在時,詢問者說:"我們的德瓦長老在哪裡,我們的蒂薩長老在哪裡,他們什麼時候會來?"這樣帶有執著的語言,是背後的慈語業。以慈、親近、柔和的目光睜開眼睛,以歡喜的面容觀察,是面對面的慈意業。"愿德瓦長老蒂薩長老無病,少病",這樣祝福,是背後的慈意業。 未分配享用,即不分配物質而享用,也不分配給個人。誰若說:"我將給予他人這麼多,我自己將享用這麼多,或給予某某這麼多,我自己將享用這麼多",這被稱為分配享用。但這人不這樣做,而是從長老座位開始給予所帶來的食物,並享用剩餘部分。從"善人們"的說法來看,即使給不道德者也是允許的,但根據圓滿友愛法的說法,應該給予所有人。對於生病者、照顧病人者、訪客、旅行者、衣服制作等忙碌者,可以斟酌給予。因為給予時不是按人分配,對於這樣的情況,應該區分對待。 在"不破壞"等處,對於某人的七種違犯類別中,在開頭或結尾處戒律被破壞,那麼他的戒就像被割破的衣服邊緣一樣破損。若在中間被破壞,則像衣服中間被撕裂一樣有缺口。若按順序破壞兩三處,則像牛背上或腹部有不同顏色、像黑夜等顏色的斑點。若中間斷續破壞,則像牛身上有不同顏色的點點斑紋。若所有戒律完全未破壞,則這些戒律被稱為完整、無缺、無斑、無污。這些因能產生強健性而稱為強健的。因受智者讚許而稱為智者讚許的。因未被渴愛和見解染污而稱為未染污的。能導向近行定或安止定,故稱為導向定的。以戒的共同性而住,即與在各方向住的具有美德的比丘們保持同等戒行而住。

Yāyaṃ diṭṭhīti maggasampayuttā sammādiṭṭhi. Ariyāti niddosā. Niyyātīti niyyānikā. Takkarassāti yo tathākārī hoti, tassa. Dukkhakkhayāyāti sabbadukkhassa khayatthaṃ. Sesaṃ yāva samathabhedapariyosānā uttānatthameva.

Katipucchāvāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Khandhakapucchāvāro

Pucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā

320.Upasampadaṃpucchissanti upasampadakkhandhakaṃ pucchissaṃ. Sanidānaṃ saniddesanti nidānena ca niddesena ca saddhiṃ pucchissāmi. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ kati āpattiyoti yāni tattha samukkaṭṭhāni uttamāni padāni vuttāni, tesaṃ samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ uttamapadānaṃ saṅkhepato kati āpattiyo hontīti. Yena yena hi padena yā yā āpatti paññattā, sā sā tassa tassa padassa āpattīti vuccati. Tena vuttaṃ 『『samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ kati āpattiyo』』ti. Dve āpattiyoti ūnavīsativassaṃ upasampādentassa pācittiyaṃ, sesesu sabbapadesu dukkaṭaṃ.

Tissoti 『『nassantete vinassantete, ko tehi attho』』ti bhedapurekkhārānaṃ uposathakaraṇe thullaccayaṃ, ukkhittakena saddhiṃ uposathakaraṇe pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ uposathakkhandhake tisso āpattiyo. Ekāti vassūpanāyikakkhandhake ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva.

Tissoti bhedapurekkhārassa pavārayato thullaccayaṃ, ukkhittakena saddhiṃ pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ pavāraṇākkhandhakepi tisso āpattiyo.

Tissoti vacchatariṃ uggahetvā mārentānaṃ pācittiyaṃ, rattena cittena aṅgajātachupane thullaccayaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ cammasaṃyuttepi tisso āpattiyo. Bhesajjakkhandhakepi samantā dvaṅgule thullaccayaṃ, bhojjayāguyā pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ tisso āpattiyo.

Kathinaṃ kevalaṃ paññattimeva, natthi tattha āpatti. Cīvarasaṃyutte kusacīravākacīresu thullaccayaṃ, atirekacīvare nissaggiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā tisso āpattiyo.

Campeyyake ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva. Kosambaka-kammakkhandhaka-pārivāsikasamuccayakkhandhakesupi ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva.

Samathakkhandhake chandadāyako khiyyati, khiyyanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā dve āpattiyo. Khuddakavatthuke attano aṅgajātaṃ chindati, thullaccayaṃ, romaṭṭhe pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā tisso āpattiyo. Senāsanakkhandhake garubhaṇḍavissajjane thullaccayaṃ, saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhane pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā tisso āpattiyo.

Saṅghabhedebhedakānuvattakānaṃ thullaccayaṃ, gaṇabhojane pācittiyanti imā dve āpattiyo. Samācāraṃ pucchissanti vutte vattakkhandhake ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva. Sā sabbavattesu anādariyena hoti. Tathā pātimokkhaṭṭhapane. Bhikkhunikkhandhake appavāraṇāya pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti dve āpattiyo. Pañcasatikasattasatikesu kevalaṃ dhammo saṅgahaṃ āropito, natthi tattha āpattīti.

Khandhakapucchāvāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Ekuttarikanayo

Ekakavāravaṇṇanā

以下是完整翻譯: 這是指與道相連的正見。"聖"意指無缺陷。"引導"意指能引導。對於像這樣行事的人來說。爲了完全消滅一切苦。其餘部分直到調解結束都是顯而易見的意思。 問答部分描述結束。 蘊章問答部分 問答解釋 320. 我將詢問具足戒(upsampadā)。我將詢問具足戒蘊章。連同根源和解釋一起詢問。關於最高等級的條款,有多少違犯?即在那裡被說到的最高等級、最卓越的條款,概括地說,這些最高等級、最卓越的條款會有多少違犯?因為用哪個條款宣佈了哪個違犯,那個違犯就歸屬於哪個條款。因此說"最高等級條款有多少違犯"。兩個違犯:對於不滿二十歲授具足戒,有一個波逸提;在其他所有條款中,有一個惡作。 對於蒂薩:在舉行布薩時,對於破壞者,有一個重罪;與被驅逐者一起舉行布薩,有一個波逸提;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣在布薩蘊章中有三個違犯。一個:在雨季入住蘊章中,只有一個惡作違犯。 對於蒂薩:對於破壞者舉行自恣,有一個重罪;與被驅逐者一起,有一個波逸提;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣在自恣蘊章中也有三個違犯。 對於蒂薩:捕捉並殺害鼠類,有一個波逸提;夜間懷著邪念觸控生殖器,有一個重罪;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣在皮革相關蘊章中有三個違犯。在藥品蘊章中,周圍兩指處有一個重罪;對於粥食,有一個波逸提;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣有三個違犯。 迦提那(Kathina)只是一個規定,那裡沒有違犯。在衣服相關蘊章中,草衣和樹皮衣有一個重罪;多餘的衣服有一個捨墮;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣有三個違犯。 在旃蒲耶(Campeyyaka)中,只有一個惡作違犯。在拘薩羅(Kosambaka)、業蘊章、補習期集合蘊章中,也只有一個惡作違犯。 在調解蘊章中,給予意願者受責備,責備為波逸提;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣有兩個違犯。在小事蘊章中,切斷自己的生殖器,有一個重罪;在毛髮處,有一個波逸提;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣有三個違犯。在住處蘊章中,處理貴重物品有一個重罪;從僧伽住處驅逐,有一個波逸提;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣有三個違犯。 對於破壞僧伽的破壞者和追隨者,有一個重罪;在集體用餐時,有一個波逸提,這樣有兩個違犯。在被問及行為時,在行為蘊章中,只有一個惡作違犯。這在所有行為中都是由於不敬。同樣在保持波羅提木叉(Pātimokkha)時。在比丘尼蘊章中,不自恣有一個波逸提;在其他情況下,有一個惡作,這樣有兩個違犯。在五百和七百(集會)中,只是法被包含,那裡沒有違犯。 蘊章問答部分描述結束。 一以上方法 單一情況描述

321.Āpattikarādhammā jānitabbātiādimhi ekuttarikanaye āpattikarā dhammā nāma cha āpattisamuṭṭhānāni. Etesañhi vasena puggalo āpattiṃ āpajjati, tasmā 『『āpattikarā』』ti vuttā. Anāpattikarā nāma satta samathā. Āpatti jānitabbāti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade ca vibhaṅge ca vuttā āpatti jānitabbā. Anāpattīti 『『anāpatti bhikkhu asādiyantassā』』tiādinā nayena anāpatti jānitabbā. Lahukāti lahukena vinayakammena visujjhanato pañcavidhā āpatti. Garukāti garukena vinayakammena visujjhanato saṅghādisesā āpatti. Kenaci ākārena anāpattibhāvaṃ upanetuṃ asakkuṇeyyato pārājikāpatti ca. Sāvasesāti ṭhapetvā pārājikaṃ sesā. Anavasesāti pārājikāpatti. Dve āpattikkhandhā duṭṭhullā; avasesā aduṭṭhullā. Sappaṭikammadukaṃ sāvasesadukasadisaṃ. Desanāgāminidukaṃ lahukadukasaṅgahitaṃ.

Antarāyikāti sattapi āpattiyo sañcicca vītikkantā saggantarāyañceva mokkhantarāyañca karontīti antarāyikā. Ajānantena vītikkantā pana paṇṇattivajjāpatti neva saggantarāyaṃ na mokkhantarāyaṃ karotīti anantarāyikā. Antarāyikaṃ āpannassāpi desanāgāminiṃ desetvā vuṭṭhānagāminito vuṭṭhāya suddhipattassa sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃ ṭhitassa ca avārito saggamokkhamaggoti. Sāvajjapaññattīti lokavajjā. Anavajjapaññattīti paṇṇattivajjā. Kiriyato samuṭṭhitā nāma yaṃ karonto āpajjati pārājikāpatti viya. Akiriyatoti yaṃ akaronto āpajjati, cīvaraanadhiṭṭhānāpatti viya. Kiriyākiriyatoti yaṃ karonto ca akaronto ca āpajjati, kuṭikārāpatti viya.

Pubbāpattīti paṭhamaṃ āpannāpatti. Aparāpattīti pārivāsikādīhi pacchā āpannāpatti. Pubbāpattīnaṃ antarāpatti nāma mūlavisuddhiyā antarāpatti. Aparāpattīnaṃ antarāpatti nāma agghavisuddhiyā antarāpatti. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『pubbāpatti nāma paṭhamaṃ āpannā. Aparāpatti nāma mānattārahakāle āpannā. Pubbāpattīnaṃ antarāpatti nāma parivāse āpannā. Aparāpattīnaṃ antarāpatti nāma mānattacāre āpannā』』ti vuttaṃ. Idampi ekena pariyāyena yujjati.

Desitā gaṇanūpagā nāma yā dhuranikkhepaṃ katvā puna na āpajjissāmīti desitā hoti. Agaṇanūpagā nāma yā dhuranikkhepaṃ akatvā saussāheneva cittena aparisuddhena desitā hoti. Ayañhi desitāpi desitagaṇanaṃ na upeti. Aṭṭhame vatthusmiṃ bhikkhuniyā pārājikameva hoti. Paññatti jānitabbātiādīsu navasu padesu paṭhamapārājikapucchāya vuttanayeneva vinicchayo veditabbo.

Thullavajjāti thulladose paññattā garukāpatti. Athullavajjāti lahukāpatti. Gihipaṭisaṃyuttāti sudhammattherassa āpatti, yā ca dhammikassa paṭissavassa asaccāpane āpatti, avasesā na gihipaṭisaṃyuttā. Pañcānantariyakammāpatti niyatā, sesā aniyatā. Ādikaroti sudinnattherādi ādikammiko. Anādikaroti makkaṭisamaṇādi anupaññattikārako. Adhiccāpattiko nāma yo kadāci karahaci āpattiṃ āpajjati. Abhiṇhāpattiko nāma yo niccaṃ āpajjati.

Codako nāma yo vatthunā vā āpattiyā vā paraṃ codeti. Yo pana evaṃ codito ayaṃ cuditako nāma. Pañcadasasu dhammesu appatiṭṭhahitvā abhūtena vatthunā codento adhammacodako nāma, tena tathā codito adhammacuditako nāma. Vipariyāyena dhammacodakacuditakā veditabbā. Micchattaniyatehi vā sammattaniyatehi vā dhammehi samannāgato niyato, viparīto aniyato.

這是指應知的違犯法,意指六種違犯的根源。正因如此,因這些原因,個人會犯下違犯,因此被稱為「違犯者」。而不犯者則是七種善法。違犯應知,指的是在各個戒條及其解釋中所述的違犯。無違犯則是指「無違犯的比丘不受影響」等等的方式應知無違犯。輕微者是指通過輕微的戒律行為而清凈的五種違犯。嚴重者是指通過嚴重的戒律行為而清凈的僧伽餘下的違犯。以任何方式無法使其無違犯的,甚至包括破戒的違犯。剩餘的則是指除掉破戒的餘下部分。兩個違犯的類別是惡劣的;其餘的則是非惡劣的。帶有完整行為的屬於有餘的惡劣行為。教導的結果是輕微的惡劣行為。 障礙者是指七種違犯相聚而產生的,造成了天界障礙和解脫障礙的,稱為障礙者。因無知而產生的違犯,既不造成天界障礙,也不造成解脫障礙,因此稱為非障礙者。即使陷入障礙,講解教法后從講解教法中起身,站在清凈的沙門地位上,亦可獲得天界和解脫的道路。所謂的有罪的定義是世俗的。無罪的定義是規定的。因行為而生的,稱為因行為而生的,像破戒的違犯一樣。因不行為而生的,稱為因不行為而生的,像衣物未被覆蓋的違犯一樣。因行為與不行為而生的,稱為因行為與不行為而生的,像小屋的違犯一樣。 先前的違犯是指首次犯下的違犯。後來的違犯是指由居住者等後來的違犯。先前違犯的中間違犯是指因根本清凈而產生的中間違犯。後來的違犯的中間違犯是指因價值清凈而產生的中間違犯。在庫倫地(Kurundiya)中,稱為「先前違犯是首次違犯。後來的違犯是在被看作人時的違犯。先前違犯的中間違犯是指在居住時的違犯。後來的違犯的中間違犯是指在被看作人時的違犯」,這樣說也是合適的。 被教導的屬於有計算的,是指經過艱難的承諾后不再犯的。未被計算的屬於無計算的,是指未經艱難的承諾,輕鬆的心態下未清凈的教導。因為這教導也未涉及教導的計算。在第八個對像中,女性的破戒就是。應知的定義等處,依照首次破戒的詢問方式進行解釋。 "重罪"是指重大的過失,規定為重罪。輕罪是指輕微的違犯。與家庭相關的,是指與善法長老的違犯,以及對法的否定的違犯,其餘的則與家庭無關。五種障礙的行為是固定的,其餘的則是不固定的。開端者是指善法長老等的開端行為者。不開端者是指像猴子一樣的修行者,未規定的行為者。被稱為有極端的違犯者,指的是任何時候犯下違犯的人。被稱為常常犯者,指的是經常犯下違犯的人。 引導者是指通過對像或違犯而引導他人。若他人被如此引導,則稱為被引導者。對於十五種法,若不持有而以沒有的對象引導他,則稱為不法引導者,因此被如此引導的稱為不法被引導者。反之,法引導者和被法引導者應被理解為。無論是錯誤的定義還是正確的定義,若與法相結合則是固定的,反之則是不固定的。

Sāvakā bhabbāpattikā nāma, buddhā ca paccekabuddhā ca abhabbāpattikā nāma. Ukkhepanīyakammakato ukkhittako nāma, avasesacatubbidhatajjanīyādikammakato anukkhittako nāma. Ayañhi uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā dhammaparibhogaṃ vā āmisaparibhogaṃ vā na kopeti. 『『Mettiyaṃ bhikkhuniṃ nāsetha, dūsako nāsetabbo, kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso nāsetabbo』』ti evaṃ liṅgadaṇḍakamma-saṃvāsanāsanāhi nāsitabbo nāsitako nāma. Sesā sabbe anāsitakā. Yena saddhiṃ uposathādiko saṃvāso atthi, ayaṃ samānasaṃvāsako, itaro nānāsaṃvāsako. So kammanānāsaṃvāsako laddhinānāsaṃvāsakoti duvidho hoti. Ṭhapanaṃ jānitabbanti 『『ekaṃ bhikkhave adhammikaṃ pātimokkhaṭṭhapana』』ntiādinā nayena vuttaṃ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṃ jānitabbanti attho.

Ekakavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dukavāravaṇṇanā

以下是完整翻譯: 弟子們被稱為可能犯錯者,而佛陀和獨覺佛則被稱為不可能犯錯者。從被驅逐的行為中,被稱為被驅逐者;從其餘四種訓誡等行為中,被稱為未被驅逐者。這樣的人不會擾亂布薩、自恣、法的享用或物質的享用。"應該摧毀美蒂耶比丘尼,應該摧毀犯錯者,應該摧毀刺(破壞者)沙門弟子",通過這種標記、懲罰行為、共住和驅逐而被摧毀的,稱為被摧毀者。其餘所有人都是未被摧毀者。與誰有布薩等共住,誰就是同住者,另一個則是異住者。他可以是因行為的異住者,也可以是因見解的異住者。應知停止,意指如"諸比丘,停止一個不正法的波羅提木叉"等方式所說的停止波羅提木叉應被了知。 單一情況描述結束。 雙重情況描述。

  1. Dukesu sacittakā āpatti saññāvimokkhā, acittakā nosaññāvimokkhā. Laddhasamāpattikassa āpatti nāma bhūtārocanāpatti, aladdhasamāpattikassa āpatti nāma abhūtārocanāpatti. Saddhammapaṭisaññuttā nāma padasodhammādikā, asaddhammapaṭisaññuttā nāma duṭṭhullavācāpatti. Saparikkhārapaṭisaññuttā nāma nissaggiyavatthuno anissajjitvā paribhoge, pattacīvarānaṃ nidahane, kiliṭṭhacīvarānaṃ adhovane, malaggahitapattassa apacaneti evaṃ ayuttaparibhoge āpatti. Paraparikkhārapaṭisaññuttā nāma saṅghikamañcapīṭhādīnaṃ ajjhokāse santharaṇaanāpucchāgamanādīsu āpajjitabbā āpatti. Sapuggalapaṭisaññuttā nāma 『『mudupiṭṭhikassa lambissa ūrunā aṅgajātaṃ pīḷentassā』』tiādinā nayena vuttāpatti. Parapuggalapaṭisaññuttā nāma methunadhammakāyasaṃsaggapahāradānādīsu vuttāpatti, 『『sikharaṇīsī』』ti saccaṃ bhaṇanto garukaṃ āpajjati, 『『sampajānamusāvāde pācittiya』』nti musā bhaṇanto lahukaṃ. Abhūtārocane musā bhaṇanto garukaṃ. Bhūtārocane saccaṃ bhaṇanto lahukaṃ.

『『Saṅghakammaṃ vaggaṃ karissāmī』』ti antosīmāya ekamante nisīdanto bhūmigato āpajjati nāma. Sace pana aṅgulimattampi ākāse tiṭṭheyya, na āpajjeyya, tena vuttaṃ 『『no vehāsagato』』ti. Vehāsakuṭiyā āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā abhinisīdanto vehāsagatoāpajjati nāma. Sace pana taṃ bhūmiyaṃ paññāpetvā nipajjeyya na āpajjeyya, tena vuttaṃ – 『『no bhūmigato』』ti. Gamiyo gamiyavattaṃ apūretvā gacchanto nikkhamanto āpajjati nāma, no pavisanto. Āgantuko āgantukavattaṃ apūretvā sachattupāhano pavisanto pavisanto āpajjati nāma, no nikkhamanto.

Ādiyantoāpajjati nāma bhikkhunī atigambhīraṃ udakasuddhikaṃ ādiyamānā; dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṃ anādiyitvā cīvaraṃ paribhuñjanto pana anādiyanto āpajjati nāma. Mūgabbatādīni titthiyavattāni samādiyanto samādiyanto āpajjati nāma. Pārivāsikādayo pana tajjanīyādikammakatā vā attano vattaṃ asamādiyantā āpajjanti, te sandhāya vuttaṃ 『『atthāpatti na samādiyanto āpajjatī』』ti. Aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ sibbanto vejjakammabhaṇḍāgārikakammacittakammādīni vā karonto karonto āpajjati nāma. Upajjhāyavattādīni akaronto akaronto āpajjati nāma. Aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ dadamāno dento āpajjati nāma. Saddhivihārikaantevāsikānaṃ cīvarādīni adento adento āpajjati nāma. Aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ gaṇhanto paṭiggaṇhanto āpajjati nāma. 『『Na bhikkhave ovādo na gahetabbo』』ti vacanato ovādaṃ agaṇhanto na paṭiggaṇhanto āpajjati nāma.

Nissaggiyavatthuṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjanto paribhogena āpajjati nāma. Pañcāhikaṃ saṅghāṭicāraṃ atikkāmayamānā aparibhogena āpajjati nāma. Sahagāraseyyaṃ rattiṃ āpajjati nāma, no divā, dvāraṃ asaṃvaritvā paṭisallīyanto divā āpajjati, no rattiṃ. Ekarattachārattasattāhadasāhamāsātikkamesu vuttaāpattiṃ āpajjanto aruṇugge āpajjati nāma, pavāretvā bhuñjanto na aruṇugge āpajjati nāma.

有意識的違犯是指有意識的違犯,無意識的違犯是指無意識的違犯。獲得定的違犯是指有真實的光明的違犯,未獲得定的違犯是指無真實的光明的違犯。正法相關的違犯是指與言語等相關的違犯,非正法相關的違犯是指惡劣的言語的違犯。與具備條件的相關的違犯是指未放棄無所依賴的物品而使用、對乞討衣物的處理、對骯髒衣物的放置、對污垢附著的物品的丟棄等不當使用的違犯。與他人條件的相關的違犯是指在僧團的坐墊等上面不詢問而坐下的違犯。與個人相關的違犯是指「如果用手壓住濕布的底部,壓迫身體的部位」等等的違犯。與他人相關的違犯是指在性行為中與他人接觸的違犯,「若說真理則犯重罪」,若說謊言則犯輕罪。在真實的光明中說真理則犯輕罪。 「我將進行僧團事務」時,坐在地面上,處於某個邊界內的,稱為在地面上犯下的違犯。如果手指有一點懸空,則不算犯下,因此說「不是在空中」。在懸空小屋中,若坐在支撐的墊子或座位上,則稱為在空中犯下的違犯。如果在地面上明確地躺下,則不算犯下,因此說「不是在地面上」。在行走時未填滿行走的責任,離開時犯下的,稱為犯下的,而不是進入時。來訪者在未填滿來訪的責任,真誠地進入時,稱為犯下的,而不是離開時。 若比丘在深水中洗凈衣物,且不洗凈衣物而使用衣物,則稱為未犯下的。若比丘在洗凈衣物時不洗凈衣物而使用,則稱為犯下的。若比丘在洗凈衣物時洗凈衣物,稱為犯下的。若比丘在洗凈衣物時不洗凈衣物而使用,則稱為犯下的。若比丘在洗凈衣物時不洗凈衣物而使用,則稱為犯下的。若比丘在洗凈衣物時不洗凈衣物而使用,則稱為犯下的。 若比丘未放棄物品而使用,則稱為犯下的。若在五天內未遵守僧團的行為,則稱為犯下的。若在夜間與他人共用床鋪,則稱為犯下的,而白天則不算。若在一個月內超過十七次,則稱為犯下的,而在不超過十七次時則不算。

Bhūtagāmañceva aṅgajātañca chindanto chindanto āpajjati nāma, kese vā nakhe vā na chindanto na chindanto āpajjati nāma. Āpattiṃ chādento chādento āpajjati nāma, 『『tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā paṭicchādetvā āgantabbaṃ, natveva naggena āgantabbaṃ, yo āgaccheyya āpatti dukkaṭassā』』ti imaṃ pana āpattiṃ na chādento āpajjati nāma. Kusacīrādīni dhārento dhārento āpajjati nāma, 『『ayaṃ te bhikkhu patto yāva bhedanāya dhāretabbo』』ti imaṃ āpattiṃ na dhārento āpajjati nāma.

『『Attanā vā attānaṃ nānāsaṃvāsakaṃ karotī』』ti ekasīmāyaṃ dvīsu saṅghesu nisinnesu ekasmiṃ pakkhe nisīditvā parapakkhassa laddhiṃ gaṇhanto yasmiṃ pakkhe nisinno tesaṃ attanāva attānaṃ nānāsaṃvāsakaṃ karoti nāma. Yesaṃ santike nisinno tesaṃ gaṇapūrako hutvā kammaṃ kopeti, itaresaṃ hatthapāsaṃ anāgatattā. Samānasaṃvāsakepi eseva nayo. Yesañhi so laddhiṃ roceti, tesaṃ samānasaṃvāsako hoti, itaresaṃ nānāsaṃvāsako. Satta āpattiyo satta āpattikkhandhāti āpajjitabbato āpattiyo, rāsaṭṭhena khandhāti evaṃ dveyeva nāmāni hontīti nāmavasena dukaṃ dassitaṃ. Kammena vā salākaggāhena vāti ettha uddeso ceva kammañca ekaṃ, vohāro ceva anussāvanā ca salākaggāho ca ekaṃ, vohārānussāvanasalākaggāhā pubbabhāgā, kammañceva uddeso ca pamāṇaṃ.

Addhānahīno nāma ūnavīsativasso. Aṅgahīno nāma hatthacchinnādibhedo. Vatthuvipanno nāma paṇḍako tiracchānagato ubhatobyañjanako ca. Avasesā theyyasaṃvāsakādayo aṭṭha abhabbapuggalā karaṇadukkaṭakā nāma. Dukkaṭakiriyā dukkaṭakammā, imasmiṃyeva attabhāve katena attano kammena abhabbaṭṭhānaṃ pattāti attho. Aparipūro nāma aparipuṇṇapattacīvaro. No ca yācati nāma upasampadaṃ na yācati. Alajjissa ca bālassa cāti alajjī sacepi tepiṭako hoti, bālo ca sacepi saṭṭhivasso hoti, ubhopi nissāya na vatthabbaṃ. Bālassa ca lajjissa cāti ettha bālassa 『『tvaṃ nissayaṃ gaṇhā』』ti āṇāyapi nissayo dātabbo, lajjissa pana yācantasseva. Sātisāranti sadosaṃ; yaṃ ajjhācaranto āpattiṃ āpajjati.

Kāyena paṭikkosanā nāma hatthavikārādīhi paṭikkosanā. Kāyena paṭijānātīti hatthavikārādīhi paṭijānāti. Upaghātikā nāma upaghātā. Sikkhūpaghātikā nāma sikkhūpaghāto. Bhogūpaghātikā nāma paribhogūpaghāto, tattha tisso sikkhā asikkhato sikkhūpaghātikāti veditabbā. Saṅghikaṃ vā puggalikaṃ vā dupparibhogaṃ bhuñjato bhogūpaghātikāti veditabbā. Dve venayikāti dve atthā vinayasiddhā. Paññattaṃ nāma sakale vinayapiṭake kappiyākappiyavasena paññattaṃ. Paññattānulomaṃ nāma catūsu mahāpadesesu daṭṭhabbaṃ. Setughātoti paccayaghāto; yena cittena akappiyaṃ kareyya, tassa cittassāpi anuppādananti attho. Mattakāritāti mattāya pamāṇena karaṇaṃ; pamāṇe ṭhānanti attho. Kāyena āpajjatīti kāyadvārikaṃ kāyena āpajjati; vacīdvārikaṃ vācāya. Kāyena vuṭṭhātīti tiṇavatthārakasamathe vināpi desanāya kāyeneva vuṭṭhāti; desetvā vuṭṭhahanto pana vācāya vuṭṭhāti. Abbhantaraparibhogo nāma ajjhoharaṇaparibhogo. Bāhiraparibhogo nāma sīsamakkhanādi.

在破壞生命體和身體器官時,不斷地破壞,則稱為犯下的,但若不剪髮或指甲,則不稱為犯下的。隱藏違犯時,不斷地隱藏,則稱為犯下的;但若不按照"應該用草或葉子遮蓋而來,而不是赤身裸體而來,若有人這樣來,則犯輕罪"的規定隱藏,則不稱為犯下的。穿戴草編衣等時,不斷地穿戴,則稱為犯下的;但若不按照"比丘,你的缽應該被拿著直到破碎"的規定穿戴,則不稱為犯下的。 當"自己使自己成為異住者"時,在同一界限內,兩個僧團坐在一起,在一方坐下並接受另一方的見解,使自己成為那一方的異住者,稱為自己使自己成為異住者。在他們面前坐下時,成為人數的填充者,擾亂另一方的行為,因為他們未在對方的手勢範圍內。對於同住者也是如此。對於他認可其見解的人,他是同住者;對於其他人,他是異住者。 七種違犯是七種違犯類別,因為可能犯下,所以稱為違犯;因為是聚集的緣故,所以稱為類別。因此僅有兩個名稱。無論是通過行為還是通過抽籤,這裡的陳述和行為是一體的,言語和宣告以及抽籤是一體的,言語、宣告和抽籤是前提,行為和陳述是標準。 行程不足者是指不到二十歲的人。肢體不全者是指斷手等。對像有缺陷者是指被閹割者、墮入旁生道者和兩性者。其餘八種不適合的人,如盜竊共住等,稱為行為輕罪。輕罪行為是指在同一生中因自己的行為而達到不適合的境地。不完整者是指衣缽不完整的人。不請求者是指不請求具足戒。無恥者和愚者,即使是精通三藏,或者即使是六十歲,都不應依靠。對於愚者和有恥者,愚者即使被命令"接受依止"也應給予依止,但有恥者只有在請求時才給予。 身體拒絕是指通過手勢等拒絕。身體承認是指通過手勢等承認。加害者是指加害。破壞學處者是指破壞學處。破壞享用者是指破壞享用,在此有三種學處,不學習者稱為破壞學處。對於僧團或個人的不當享用,稱為破壞享用。兩種是根據戒律確立的意義。定義是指在整個戒律藏中按照可行與不可行而定義的。定義的順應是指應該在四大原則中觀察。障礙橋樑是指障礙因緣;意指不讓產生不可行的心念。適度行為是指按照適當的尺度行事;意指在尺度的位置上。身體犯下是指通過身體門戶犯下;通過語言門戶用語言。身體起身是指在草覆蓋的平息中,不通過教導也能僅憑身體起身;而教導後起身則通過語言起身。內部享用是指攝取。外部享用是指頭部塗抹等。

Anāgataṃ bhāraṃ vahatīti atherova samāno therehi vahitabbaṃ bījanagāhadhammajjhesanādibhāraṃ vahati; taṃ nittharituṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhati. Āgataṃ bhāraṃ na vahatīti thero therakiccaṃ na karoti, 『『anujānāmi bhikkhave therena bhikkhunā sāmaṃ vā dhammaṃ bhāsituṃ, paraṃ vā ajjhesituṃ, anujānāmi bhikkhave therādheyyaṃ pātimokkha』』nti evamādi sabbaṃ parihāpetīti attho. Na kukkuccāyitabbaṃ kukkuccāyatīti na kukkuccāyitabbaṃ kukkuccāyitvā karoti. Kukkuccāyitabbaṃ na kukkuccāyatīti kukkuccāyitabbaṃ na kukkuccāyitvā karoti. Etesaṃ dvinnaṃ divā ca ratto ca āsavā vaḍḍhantīti attho. Anantaradukepi vuttapaṭipakkhavasena attho veditabbo. Sesaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayattā uttānamevāti.

Dukavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Tikavāravaṇṇanā

未來的負擔是指,像長者一樣,若與長者們同在,則應承擔種子、抓取物、學習等負擔;為此,開始努力去解決。過去的負擔則不應承擔,長者不做長者的工作,「我允許比丘們與長者一起說法,或向他人學習,我允許比丘們遵循長者的波羅提木叉」,因此應放棄一切。不可憂慮的事情,不應憂慮后再去做。應憂慮的事情則不應憂慮後去做。這兩者在白天和夜晚都應增長。應當理解的是,連帶著不幸的事情也應如此。其餘的內容因各處所述,故可略去。 雙重情況描述結束。 三重情況描述。

  1. Tikesu atthāpatti tiṭṭhante bhagavati āpajjatīti atthi āpatti, yaṃ tiṭṭhante bhagavati āpajjatīti attho. Eseva nayo sabbattha. Tattha lohituppādāpattiṃ tiṭṭhante āpajjati. 『『Etarahi kho panānanda, bhikkhū aññamaññaṃ āvusovādena samudācaranti, na vo mamaccayena evaṃ samudācaritabbaṃ, navakena, ānanda, bhikkhunā thero bhikkhū 『bhante』ti vā 『āyasmā』ti vā samudācaritabbo』』ti vacanato theraṃ āvusovādena samudācaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ parinibbute bhagavati āpajjati, no tiṭṭhante. Imā dve āpattiyo ṭhapetvā avasesā dharantepi bhagavati āpajjati, parinibbutepi.

Pavāretvā anatirittaṃ bhuñjanto āpattiṃ kāle āpajjati no vikāle. Vikālabhojanāpattiṃ pana vikāle āpajjati no kāle. Avasesā kāle ceva āpajjati vikāle ca. Sahagāraseyyaṃ rattiṃ āpajjati, dvāraṃ asaṃvaritvā paṭisallīyanaṃ divā. Sesā rattiñceva divā ca. 『『Dasavassomhi atirekadasavassomhī』』ti bālo abyatto parisaṃ upaṭṭhāpento dasavasso āpajjati no ūnadasavasso . 『『Ahaṃ paṇḍito byatto』』ti navo vā majjhimo vā parisaṃ upaṭṭhāpento ūnadasavasso āpajjati no dasavasso. Sesā dasavasso ceva āpajjati ūnadasavasso ca. 『『Pañcavassomhī』』ti bālo abyatto anissāya vasanto pañcavasso āpajjati. 『『Ahaṃ paṇḍito byatto』』ti navako anissāya vasanto ūnapañcavasso āpajjati. Sesaṃ pañcavasso ceva āpajjati ūnapañcavasso ca. Anupasampannaṃ padasodhammaṃ vācento, mātugāmassa dhammaṃ desento evarūpaṃ āpattiṃ kusalacitto āpajjati, pārājika-sukkavissaṭṭhi-kāyasaṃsagga-duṭṭhulla-attakāmapāricariya-duṭṭhadosa-saṅghabhedapahāradāna-talasattikādibhedaṃ akusalacitto āpajjati, asañcicca sahagāraseyyādiṃ abyākatacitto āpajjati, yaṃ arahāva āpajjati, sabbaṃ abyākatacittova āpajjati, methunadhammādibhedamāpattiṃ sukhavedanāsamaṅgī āpajjati, duṭṭhadosādibhedaṃ dukkhavedanāsamaṅgī, yaṃ sukhavedanāsamaṅgī āpajjati, taṃyeva majjhatto hutvā āpajjanto adukkhamasukhavedanāsamaṅgī āpajjati.

Tayo paṭikkhepāti buddhassa bhagavato tayo paṭikkhepā. Catūsu paccayesu mahicchatā asantuṭṭhitā kilesasallekhanapaṭipattiyā agopāyanā, ime hi tayo dhammā buddhena bhagavatā paṭikkhittā. Appicchatādayo pana tayo buddhena bhagavatā anuññātā, tena vuttaṃ 『『tayo anuññātā』』ti.

『『Dasavassomhī』』ti parisaṃ upaṭṭhāpento 『『pañcavassomhī』』ti nissayaṃ agaṇhanto bālo āpajjati no paṇḍito, ūnadasavasso 『『byattomhī』』ti bahussutattā parisaṃ upaṭṭhāpento ūnapañcavasso ca nissayaṃ agaṇhanto paṇḍito āpajjati no bālo; avasesaṃ paṇḍito ceva āpajjati bālo ca. Vassaṃ anupagacchanto kāḷe āpajjati no juṇhe; mahāpavāraṇāya appavārento juṇhe āpajjati no kāḷe; avasesaṃ kāḷe ceva āpajjati juṇhe ca. Vassūpagamanaṃ kāḷe kappati no juṇhe; mahāpavāraṇāya pavāraṇā juṇhe kappati no kāḷe; sesaṃ anuññātakaṃ kāḷe ceva kappati juṇhe ca.

在三重情況中,佛陀在世時犯下的違犯是存在的,意指佛陀在世時可以犯下。這一原則適用於所有情況。在這裡,在佛陀在世時犯下出血的違犯。因為有"現在,阿難,比丘們彼此用'阿夷'稱呼,在我去世后不應如此,阿難,新比丘應該用'尊者'或'大德'稱呼年長的比丘"的教導,所以在佛陀涅槃后,因用"阿夷"稱呼年長比丘而犯下違犯,而非在世時。除了這兩種違犯外,其餘的在佛陀在世和涅槃后都可以犯下。 在佈施后食用非剩餘食物,在適當時間犯下違犯,不在不適當時間。在不適當時間食用則在不適當時間犯下違犯,不在適當時間。其餘的在適當時間和不適當時間都可以犯下。在夜間與他人共用床鋪,不關閉門戶而獨處是在白天。其餘的在夜間和白天都可以。說"我已滿十歲或超過十歲"的愚昧無知者在招待大眾時,滿十歲則犯下違犯,不滿十歲則不犯。說"我聰明且有經驗"的新比丘或中年比丘在招待大眾時,不滿十歲則犯下違犯,滿十歲則不犯。其餘的在滿十歲和不滿十歲時都可以犯下。 說"我已滿五歲"的愚昧無知者獨自居住則犯下違犯。說"我聰明且有經驗"的新比丘獨自居住則不滿五歲而犯下違犯。其餘的在滿五歲和不滿五歲時都可以犯下。 宣說未具足戒者的言語,向女性說法,善心者犯下這種違犯。對於波羅夷、遺精、身體接觸、惡劣言語、自我滿足、惡意、破壞僧團、攻擊等型別的違犯,不善心者犯下。不經意的共床等,無記心者犯下。阿羅漢可以犯下的,都是無記心。對於性行為等型別的違犯,具有樂受者犯下。對於惡意等型別的,具有苦受者犯下。凡是具有樂受者犯下的,以中立心態犯下則是不苦不樂受。 佛陀有三種拒絕。在四種資具上,貪求、不滿足、不修行煩惱的去除、不保護,這三種法被佛陀拒絕。少欲等三種則被佛陀允許,因此說"三種被允許"。 說"我已滿十歲"在招待大眾時,說"我已滿五歲"而不接受依止的愚昧者則犯下違犯,不是智者。不滿十歲,說"我有經驗"因多聞而在招待大眾時,不滿五歲且不接受依止的智者則犯下違犯,不是愚者。其餘的智者和愚者都可以犯下。不進入雨安居的在旱季犯下違犯,不在雨季。在大布施中不佈施的在雨季犯下違犯,不在旱季。其餘的在旱季和雨季都可以犯下。進入雨安居在旱季有效,不在雨季;大布施的佈施在雨季有效,不在旱季;其餘的在旱季和雨季都被允許。

Kattikapuṇṇamāsiyā pacchime pāṭipadadivase vikappetvā ṭhapitaṃ vassikasāṭikaṃ nivāsento hemante āpajjati. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『kattikapuṇṇamadivase apaccuddharitvā hemante āpajjatī』』ti vuttaṃ, tampi suvuttaṃ. 『『Cātumāsaṃ adhiṭṭhātuṃ tato paraṃ vikappetu』』nti hi vuttaṃ. Atirekamāse sese gimhāne pariyesanto atirekaḍḍhamāse sese katvā nivāsento ca gimhe āpajjati nāma. Satiyā vassikasāṭikāya naggo kāyaṃ ovassāpento vasse āpajjati nāma. Pārisuddhiuposathaṃ vā adhiṭṭhānuposathaṃ vā karonto saṅgho āpajjati. Suttuddesañca adhiṭṭhānuposathañca karonto gaṇo āpajjati. Ekako suttuddesaṃ pārisuddhiuposathañca karonto puggalo āpajjati. Pavāraṇāyapi eseva nayo.

Saṅghuposatho ca saṅghapavāraṇā ca saṅghasseva kappati. Gaṇuposatho ca gaṇapavāraṇā ca gaṇasseva kappati. Adhiṭṭhānuposatho ca adhiṭṭhānapavāraṇā ca puggalasseva kappati. 『『Pārājikaṃ āpannomhī』』tiādīni bhaṇanto vatthuṃ chādeti na āpattiṃ, 『『methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevi』』ntiādīni bhaṇanto āpattiṃ chādeti no vatthuṃ, yo neva vatthuṃ na āpattiṃ āroceti, ayaṃ vatthuñceva chādeti āpattiñca.

Paṭicchādetīti paṭicchādi. Jantāgharameva paṭicchādi jantāgharapaṭicchādi. Itarāsupi eseva nayo. Dvāraṃ pidahitvā antojantāghare ṭhitena parikammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Udake otiṇṇenāpi etadeva vaṭṭati. Ubhayattha khādituṃ bhuñjituṃ vā na vaṭṭati. Vatthapaṭicchādi sabbakappiyatāya paṭicchannena sabbaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Vahantīti yanti niyyanti; nindaṃ vā paṭikkosaṃ vā na labhanti. Candamaṇḍalaṃ abbhāmahikādhūmarajarāhuvimuttaṃ vivaṭaṃyeva virocati, na tesu aññatarena paṭicchannaṃ. Tathā sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ, dhammavinayopi vivaritvā vibhajitvā desiyamānova virocati no paṭicchanno.

Aññena bhesajjena karaṇīyena aññaṃ viññāpento gilāno āpajjati, na bhesajjena karaṇīyena bhesajjaṃ viññāpento agilāno āpajjati, avasesaṃ āpattiṃ gilāno ceva āpajjati agilāno ca.

Anto āpajjati no bahīti anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappento anto āpajjati no bahi, bahiāpajjati no antoti saṅghikaṃ mañcādiṃ ajjhokāse santharitvā pakkamanto bahi āpajjati no anto, avasesaṃ pana anto ceva āpajjati bahi ca. Antosīmāyāti āgantuko āgantukavattaṃ adassetvā sachattupāhano vihāraṃ pavisanto upacārasīmaṃ okkantamattova āpajjati. Bahisīmāyāti gamiko dārubhaṇḍapaṭisāmanādigamikavattaṃ apūretvā pakkamanto upacārasīmaṃ atikkantamattova āpajjati. Avasesaṃ antosīmāya ceva āpajjati bahisīmāya ca. Sati vuḍḍhatare anajjhiṭṭho dhammaṃ bhāsanto saṅghamajjhe āpajjati nāma. Gaṇamajjhepi puggalasantikepi eseva nayo. Kāyena vuṭṭhātīti tiṇavatthārakasamathena vuṭṭhāti. Kāyaṃ acāletvā vācāya desentassa vācāya vuṭṭhāti. Vacīsampayuttaṃ kāyakiriyaṃ katvā desentassa kāyena vācāya vuṭṭhāti nāma. Saṅghamajjhe desanāgāminīpi vuṭṭhānagāminīpi vuṭṭhāti. Gaṇapuggalamajjhe pana desanāgāminīyeva vuṭṭhāti.

在卡提迦滿月(十月滿月)的最後一個波羅提跋日,預先選擇並保留的雨季衣,在寒季穿著則犯下違犯。庫倫迪耶(註:古代佛教學派)說:"在卡提迦滿月當天不取回的,在寒季犯下違犯",這也說得很對。因為曾說"可以在四個月內確定,之後再選擇"。在額外一個月的夏季尋找,在額外半個月后穿著則稱為在夏季犯下違犯。當雨季衣存在時,赤身裸體淋雨則稱為在雨季犯下違犯。僧團在做清凈布薩或確定布薩時犯下違犯。集團在做經文誦讀和確定布薩時犯下違犯。個人在做經文誦讀和清凈布薩時犯下違犯。佈施也是如此。 僧團布薩和僧團佈施只適用於僧團。集團布薩和集團佈施只適用於集團。確定布薩和確定佈施只適用於個人。說"我犯了波羅夷"等時,遮蓋對像不遮蓋違犯;說"我實踐了性行為"等時,遮蓋違犯不遮蓋對像;既不揭示對象也不揭示違犯的,既遮蓋對像又遮蓋違犯。 遮蓋者即遮蓋。僅遮蓋廁所即廁所遮蓋。其他情況也是如此。關閉門戶並站在廁所內部可以做準備。即使在水中也是如此。兩處都不可以吃或享用。衣服遮蓋因為完全允許,可以在遮蓋處做一切。前行者即前進;不受到批評或拒絕。月亮圓盤擺脫雲霧、煙塵、塵埃和羅睺,完全展開時閃耀,不被任何遮蓋。太陽圓盤也是如此,法與律也只有在展開、分析和教導時才閃耀,而不是被遮蓋。 用其他藥物做必要之事而請求的病人犯下違犯,不是用藥物做必要之事而請求藥物的非病人不犯下違犯。其餘的病人和非病人都可以犯下違犯。 內部犯下不在外部,即不侵佔床位在內部犯下,不在外部。外部犯下不在內部,即在僧團的床等在露天鋪開后離開在外部犯下,不在內部。其餘的在內部和外部都可以犯下。在界限內,即來訪者不顯示來訪者的義務,帶著傘蓋進入寺院,僅僅進入接觸界限就犯下違犯。在界限外,即旅行者不履行運送木材物品等旅行者的義務,僅僅超過接觸界限就犯下違犯。其餘的在內部界限和外部界限都可以犯下。存在年長者且未被邀請,在僧團中說法則稱為犯下違犯。在集團中和個人面前也是如此。身體起身是通過草覆蓋的平息起身。不移動身體,通過語言教導的,通過語言起身。做與語言相關的身體行為並教導的,通過身體和語言起身。在僧團中,無論是走向教導還是走向起身都起身。但在集團和個人中,只有走向教導才起身。

Āgāḷhāya ceteyyāti āgāḷhāya daḷhabhāvāya ceteyya; tajjanīyakammādikatassa vattaṃ na pūrayato icchamāno saṅgho ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyyāti attho. Alajjī ca hoti bālo ca apakatatto cāti ettha bālo 『『ayaṃ dhammādhammaṃ na jānāti』』 apakatatto vā 『『āpattānāpattiṃ na jānātī』』ti na ettāvatā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ; bālabhāvamūlakaṃ pana apakatattabhāvamūlakañca āpattiṃ āpannassa kammaṃ kātabbanti attho. Adhisīle sīlavipanno nāma dve āpattikkhandhe āpanno; ācāravipanno nāma pañca āpattikkhandhe āpanno; diṭṭhivipanno nāma antaggāhikāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato. Tesaṃ āpattiṃ apassantānaṃ appaṭikarontānaṃ diṭṭhiñca anissajjantānaṃyeva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.

Kāyiko davo nāma pāsakādīhi jūtakīḷanādibhedo anācāro; vācasiko davo nāma mukhālambarakaraṇādibhedo anācāro; kāyikavācasiko nāma naccanagāyanādibhedo dvīhipi dvārehi anācāro . Kāyiko anācāro nāma kāyadvāre paññattasikkhāpadavītikkamo; vācasiko anācāro nāma vacīdvāre paññattasikkhāpadavītikkamo; kāyikavācasiko nāma dvāradvayepi paññattasikkhāpadavītikkamo. Kāyikena upaghātikenāti kāyadvāre paññattassa sikkhāpadassa asikkhanena, yo hi taṃ na sikkhati, so naṃ upaghāteti, tasmā tassa taṃ asikkhanaṃ 『『kāyikaṃ upaghātika』』nti vuccati. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Kāyikena micchājīvenāti jaṅghapesanikādinā vā gaṇḍaphālanādinā vā vejjakammena ; vācasikenāti sāsanauggahaṇaārocanādinā; tatiyapadaṃ ubhayasampayogavasena vuttaṃ.

Alaṃ bhikkhu mā bhaṇḍananti alaṃ bhikkhu mā bhaṇḍanaṃ kari, mā kalahaṃ, mā vivādaṃ karīti attho. Na voharitabbanti na kiñci vattabbaṃ; vadatopi hi tādisassa vacanaṃ na sotabbaṃ maññanti. Na kismiñci paccekaṭṭhāneti kismiñci bījanaggāhādike ekasmimpi jeṭṭhakaṭṭhāne na ṭhapetabboti attho. Okāsakammaṃ kārentassāti 『『karotu āyasmā okāsaṃ, ahaṃ taṃ vattukāmo』』ti evaṃ okāsaṃ kārentassa. Nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātunti 『『kiṃ tvaṃ karissasī』』ti okāso na kātabbo. Savacanīyaṃ nādātabbanti vacanaṃ na ādātabbaṃ, vacanampi na sotabbaṃ; yattha gahetvā gantukāmo hoti, na tattha gantabbanti attho.

Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno vinayoti yaṃ so jānāti, so tassa vinayo nāma hoti; so na pucchitabboti attho. Anuyogo na dātabboti 『『idaṃ kappatī』』ti pucchantassa pucchāya okāso na dātabbo, 『『aññaṃ pucchā』』ti vattabbo. Iti so neva pucchitabbo nāssa pucchā sotabbāti attho. Vinayo na sākacchātabboti vinayapañho na sākacchitabbo, kappiyākappiyakathā na saṃsandetabbā.

依賴於堅定的心意,意指必須依賴於堅定的狀態;若不履行諸如對待他人的行為等,意指僧團會做出強制性的行為。愚者懶惰且無知,愚者"不知法和非法",或"不知有違犯和無違犯",因此僅憑這點不應做出行為;但愚者的狀態和無知的狀態則應做出行為。具備優越戒律的人,稱為戒律高深者,若犯下兩種違犯;若行為高深者,稱為行為高深者,若犯下五種違犯;若見解高深者,稱為見解高深者,具備深刻的見解。對於那些未能看到違犯、未能抵抗的,只有在見解上不放棄的情況下才應做出行為。 身體上的過失,指的是因玩耍、遊戲等行為而犯下的不當行為;言語上的過失,指的是因嘴唇懸掛而犯下的不當行為;身體與言語上的過失,指的是因舞蹈、唱歌等行為而犯下的兩者都屬於不當行為。身體的不當行為,指的是身體門口的規定違反;言語的不當行為,指的是言語門口的規定違反;身體與言語的共同不當行為,指的是在兩個門口的規定違反。身體上的傷害,意指因身體門口的規定而不學習的,若不學習則會傷害他,因此這稱為「身體上的傷害」。其他的兩者也同樣適用。身體上的錯誤,意指通過腳、手等行為;言語上的錯誤,意指通過語言的行為;第三種是通過兩者的結合而說的。 「夠了,比丘,不要爭論」,意指比丘不要進行爭論,不要爭吵,不要發生爭執。不可說話,意指不應說任何話;即使說話,這樣的言語也不會被聽取。無論在何處,不應在任何種子、抓取物等中放置在同一優先位置。對有機會做的行為,意指「請您做,尊者,我想做這個」,因此是有機會做的。不可做有機會的行為,意指「你將要做什麼」,因此不應做。可說的言語不可被接受,言語不可被接受;若在某處想要去,意指在那裡不可去。 若比丘具備三種條件,他的戒律即為戒律;他不應被詢問。不可給與繼續問,意指「這個可以嗎」的詢問,詢問的機會不可給與,應說「詢問其他的」。因此他既不可被詢問,也不可聽取他的詢問。戒律不可被討論,意指戒律的問題不可被討論,適合與不適合的討論不可被爭論。

Idamappahāyāti etaṃ brahmacāripaṭiññātādikaṃ laddhiṃ avijahitvā. Suddhaṃ brahmacārinti khīṇāsavaṃ bhikkhuṃ. 『『Pātabyataṃ āpajjatī』』ti pātabyabhāvaṃ paṭisevanaṃ āpajjati. 『『Idamappahāyā』』ti vacanato pana taṃ brahmacāripaṭiññātaṃ pahāya khīṇāsavaṃ 『『musā mayā bhaṇitaṃ, khamatha me』』ti khamāpetvā 『『natthi kāmesu doso』』ti laddhiṃ vijahitvā gativisodhanaṃ kareyya. Akusalamūlānīti akusalāni ceva mūlāni ca, akusalānaṃ vā mūlāni akusalamūlāni. Kusalamūlesupi eseva nayo. Duṭṭhu caritāni virūpāni vā caritāni duccaritāni. Suṭṭhu caritāni sundarāni vā caritāni sucaritāni. Kāyena karaṇabhūtena kataṃ duccaritaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ. Esa nayo sabbattha. Sesaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayattā uttānamevāti.

Tikavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Catukkavāravaṇṇanā

這是指「放下這個」,即在不離棄對聖者的理解等的情況下。純潔的聖者,指的是已斷盡煩惱的比丘。「應當被接受」,即是指接受的狀態。「放下這個」之言,意指放下對聖者的理解,已斷盡煩惱的比丘應當懺悔「我曾說過虛妄之言,請寬恕我」,並放下「在慾望中沒有過失」的觀點,進行心靈的凈化。惡法的根源,指的是惡法和根源,或惡法的根源是惡法的根源。在善法的根源中也是如此。惡劣的行為是不良的行為,或是惡劣的行為是不好的行為。良好的行為是美好的行為,或是良好的行為是好的行為。通過身體做的不善行為稱為身體的不善行為。這一原則適用於所有情況。其餘的則因各處的表述而略有不同。 三重情況的解釋已完成。 四重情況的解釋。

  1. Catukkesu sakavācāya āpajjati paravācāya vuṭṭhātīti vacīdvārikaṃ padasodhammādibhedaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā tiṇavatthārakasamathaṭṭhānaṃ gato parassa kammavācāya vuṭṭhāti . Paravācāya āpajjati sakavācāya vuṭṭhātīti pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge parassa kammavācāya āpajjati, puggalassa santike desento sakavācāya vuṭṭhāti. Sakavācāya āpajjati sakavācāya vuṭṭhātīti vacīdvārikaṃ padasodhammādibhedaṃ āpattiṃ sakavācāya āpajjati, desetvā vuṭṭhahantopi sakavācāya vuṭṭhāti. Paravācāya āpajjati paravācāya vuṭṭhātīti yāvatatiyakaṃ saṅghādisesaṃ parassa kammavācāya āpajjati, vuṭṭhahantopi parassa parivāsakammavācādīhi vuṭṭhāti. Tato paresu kāyadvārikaṃ kāyena āpajjati, desento vācāya vuṭṭhāti. Vacīdvārikaṃ vācāya āpajjati, tiṇavatthārake kāyena vuṭṭhāti. Kāyadvārikaṃ kāyenaāpajjati, tameva tiṇavatthārake kāyena vuṭṭhāti. Vacīdvārikaṃ vācāya āpajjati, tameva desento vācāya vuṭṭhāti. Saṅghikamañcassa attano paccattharaṇena anattharato kāyasamphusane lomagaṇanāya āpajjitabbāpattiṃ sahagāraseyyāpattiñca pasutto āpajjati, pabujjhitvā pana āpannabhāvaṃ ñatvā desento paṭibuddho vuṭṭhāti. Jagganto āpajjitvā pana tiṇavatthārakasamathaṭṭhāne sayanto paṭibuddho āpajjati pasutto vuṭṭhāti nāma. Pacchimapadadvayampi vuttānusāreneva veditabbaṃ.

Acittakāpattiṃ acittako āpajjati nāma. Pacchā desento sacittako vuṭṭhāti. Sacittakāpattiṃ sacittako āpajjati nāma. Tiṇavatthārakaṭṭhāne sayanto acittako vuṭṭhāti. Sesapadadvayampi vuttānusāreneva veditabbaṃ. Yo sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ deseti, ayaṃ desanāpaccayā dukkaṭaṃ āpajjanto pācittiyādīsu aññataraṃ deseti, tañca desento dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati. Taṃ pana dukkaṭaṃ āpajjanto pācittiyādito vuṭṭhāti. Pācittiyādito ca vuṭṭhahanto taṃ āpajjati. Iti ekassa puggalassa ekameva payogaṃ sandhāya 『『āpattiṃ āpajjanto desetī』』ti idaṃ catukkaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

Kammacatukke pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissaggāpattiṃ kammena āpajjati, desento akammena vuṭṭhāti. Vissaṭṭhiādikaṃ akammena āpajjati, parivāsādinā kammena vuṭṭhāti. Samanubhāsanaṃ kammeneva āpajjati, kammena vuṭṭhāti. Sesaṃ akammena āpajjati,akammenavuṭṭhāti.

Parikkhāracatukke paṭhamo sakaparikkhāro, dutiyo saṅghikova tatiyo cetiyasantako, catuttho gihiparikkhāro. Sace pana so pattacīvaranavakammabhesajjānaṃ atthāya āhaṭo hoti, avāpuraṇaṃ dātuṃ anto ṭhapāpetuñca vaṭṭati.

Sammukhācatukke pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissaggāpattiṃ saṅghassa sammukhā āpajjati, vuṭṭhānakāle pana saṅghena kiccaṃ natthīti parammukhā vuṭṭhāti. Vissaṭṭhiādikaṃ parammukhā āpajjati, saṅghassa sammukhā vuṭṭhāti. Samanubhāsanaṃ saṅghassa sammukhā eva āpajjati, sammukhā vuṭṭhāti. Sesaṃ sampajānamusāvādādibhedaṃ parammukhāva āpajjati, parammukhāva vuṭṭhāti. Ajānantacatukkaṃ acittakacatukkasadisaṃ.

在四種情況中:在自己的語言中犯下違犯,在他人的語言中起身,是指通過言語門的詞語凈化等型別的違犯后,去到草覆蓋平息的地方,在他人的儀式語言中起身。在他人的語言中犯下違犯,在自己的語言中起身,是指在不放棄邪惡見解的情況下,在他人的儀式語言中犯下違犯,在個人面前教導時在自己的語言中起身。在自己的語言中犯下違犯,在自己的語言中起身,是指通過言語門的詞語凈化等型別的違犯在自己的語言中犯下,教導後起身也在自己的語言中起身。在他人的語言中犯下違犯,在他人的語言中起身,是指在他人的儀式語言中犯下三次的僧團等罪,起身時也通過他人的隔離期儀式語言等起身。之後在其他情況中,通過身體門在身體上犯下違犯,教導時通過語言起身。通過言語門在語言上犯下違犯,在草覆蓋處通過身體起身。通過身體門在身體上犯下違犯,在同一草覆蓋處通過身體起身。通過言語門在語言上犯下違犯,在同一處教導時通過語言起身。在僧團床上,通過自己鋪設而在身體接觸時犯下需要數發的違犯和同床違犯,睡著時犯下。醒來後知道已犯下的情況,教導時起身。在守夜時犯下違犯,在草覆蓋平息處躺下時起身,睡著時起身。最後兩個部分應按照已說明的方式理解。 無意識的違犯,無意識地犯下。之後教導時有意識地起身。有意識的違犯,有意識地犯下。在草覆蓋處躺下時無意識地起身。其餘兩個部分也應按照已說明的方式理解。誰教導類似的違犯,此人在教導時犯下杜羅吒,在波逸提等中教導,同時教導時也犯下杜羅吒。犯下這個杜羅吒時,從波逸提等中起身。從波逸提等中起身時又犯下。因此,這四種情況是針對一個人的一個行為而說的。 在行為的四種情況中,在不放棄邪惡見解的違犯中通過行為犯下,教導時通過非行為起身。通過非行為犯下遺棄等,通過隔離期等行為起身。通過行為犯下共同懺悔,通過行為起身。其餘的通過非行為犯下,通過非行為起身。 在資具的四種情況中,第一是自己的資具,第二是僧團的,第三是佛塔的,第四是俗人的資具。如果是爲了托缽衣、新衣、藥等而帶來的,允許打開並放置在內部。 在當面的四種情況中,在不放棄邪惡見解的違犯中在僧團面前犯下,但在起身時因為僧團沒有義務而在他人面前起身。通過他人面前犯下遺棄等,在僧團面前起身。共同懺悔只在僧團面前犯下,也在面前起身。其餘的如故意妄語等型別在他人面前犯下,也在他人面前起身。不知情的四種情況類似於無意識的四種情況。

Liṅgapātubhāvenāti sayitasseva bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā liṅgaparivatte jāte sahagāraseyyāpatti hoti idameva taṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ. Ubhinnampi pana asādhāraṇāpatti liṅgapātubhāvena vuṭṭhāti. Sahapaṭilābhacatukke yassa bhikkhuno liṅgaṃ parivattati, so saha liṅgapaṭilābhena paṭhamaṃ uppannavasena seṭṭhabhāvena ca purimaṃ purisaliṅgaṃ jahati, pacchime itthiliṅge patiṭṭhāti, purisakuttapurisākārādivasena pavattā kāyavacīviññattiyo paṭippassambhanti, bhikkhūti vā purisoti vā evaṃ pavattā paṇṇattiyo nirujjhanti, yāni bhikkhunīhi asādhāraṇāni chacattālīsa sikkhāpadāni tehi anāpattiyeva hoti. Dutiyacatukke pana yassā bhikkhuniyā liṅgaṃ parivattati, sā pacchāsamuppattiyā vā hīnabhāvena vā pacchimanti saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ itthiliṅgaṃ jahati, vuttappakārena purimanti saṅkhyaṃ gate purisaliṅge patiṭṭhāti. Vuttaviparītā viññattiyo paṭippassambhanti, bhikkhunīti vā itthīti vā evaṃ pavattā paṇṇattiyopi nirujjhanti, yāni bhikkhūhi asādhāraṇāni sataṃ tiṃsañca sikkhāpadāni, tehi anāpattiyeva hoti.

Cattāro sāmukkaṃsāti cattāro mahāpadesā, te hi bhagavatā anuppanne vatthumhi sayaṃ ukkaṃsitvā ukkhipitvā ṭhapitattā 『『sāmukkaṃsā』』ti vuccanti. Paribhogāti ajjhoharaṇīyaparibhogā , udakaṃ pana akālikattā appaṭiggahitakaṃ vaṭṭati. Yāvakālikādīni appaṭiggahitakāni ajjhoharituṃ na vaṭṭanti. Cattāri mahāvikaṭāni kālodissattā yathāvutte kāle vaṭṭanti. Upāsako sīlavāti pañca vā dasa vā sīlāni gopayamāno.

Āgantukādicatukke sachattupāhano sasīsaṃ pāruto vihāraṃ pavisanto tattha vicaranto ca āgantukova āpajjati, no āvāsiko. Āvāsikavattaṃ akaronto pana āvāsiko āpajjati, no āgantuko. Sesaṃ kāyavacīdvārikaṃ āpattiṃ ubhopi āpajjanti, asādhāraṇaṃ āpattiṃ neva āgantuko āpajjati, no āvāsiko. Gamiyacatukkepi gamiyavattaṃ apūretvā gacchanto gamiko āpajjati, no āvāsiko. Āvāsikavattaṃ akaronto pana āvāsiko āpajjati, no gamiko. Sesaṃ ubhopi āpajjanti, asādhāraṇaṃ ubhopi nāpajjanti. Vatthunānattatādicatukke catunnaṃ pārājikānaṃ aññamaññaṃ vatthunānattatāva hoti,naāpattinānattatā. Sabbāpi hi sā pārājikāpattiyeva. Saṅghādisesādīsupi eseva nayo. Bhikkhussa ca bhikkhuniyā ca aññamaññaṃ kāyasaṃsagge bhikkhussa saṅghādiseso bhikkhuniyā pārājikanti evaṃ āpattinānattatāva hoti, na vatthunānattatā, ubhinnampi hi kāyasaṃsaggova vatthu. Tathā 『『lasuṇakkhādane bhikkhuniyā pācittiyaṃ, bhikkhussa dukkaṭa』』nti evamādināpettha nayena yojanā veditabbā. Catunnaṃ pārājikānaṃ terasahi saṅghādisesehi saddhiṃ vatthunānattatā ceva āpattinānattatāca. Evaṃ saṅghādisesādīnaṃ aniyatādīhi. Ādito paṭṭhāya cattāri pārājikāni ekato āpajjantānaṃ bhikkhubhikkhunīnaṃ neva vatthunānattatā no āpattinānattatā. Visuṃ āpajjantesupi sesā sādhāraṇāpattiyo āpajjantesupi eseva nayo.

因身體特徵的顯現,指的是比丘或比丘尼在睡著時,若身體特徵出現,則會犯下共同的床上違犯,這正是基於此而說的。兩者的特殊違犯因身體特徵的顯現而起。若某比丘的身體特徵出現,他因身體特徵的顯現而放棄第一種男性特徵,以最優越的方式放棄第一種男性特徵,之後則以女性特徵為基礎,因身體和語言的顯現而出現的比丘或男性等的狀態被消除,若是比丘或男性等的狀態則被消除,若有比丘尼的特殊情況則是三十四條戒律的違犯,因這些而不受罰。若某比丘尼的身體特徵出現,因後來的顯現或低下的狀態而放棄後面的女性特徵,以所說的方式放棄前面的男性特徵。所說的相反的狀態被消除,若是比丘或女性等的狀態則被消除,若有比丘的特殊情況則是三十條戒律的違犯,因這些而不受罰。 四種共同的情況,指的是四種主要的情況,因如來在未出現的情況下親自觀察並提起而被稱為「共同」。享用,指的是可以享用的物品,水因其無時效性而不被接受。暫時的等因其不被接受而不適合享用。四種重大情況因時而適合。信士遵守五條或十條戒律而存在。 在外來者的四種情況中,若是有意識地進入或在寺廟中游走,外來者則會犯下違犯,而非住持者。若不遵守住持的行為,住持者則會犯下違犯,而非外來者。其餘的身體和語言的違犯,雙方都會犯下,特殊的違犯則不會被外來者犯下,也不會被住持者犯下。在去的四種情況中,若未滿足去的行為,前往的行者則會犯下違犯,而非住持者。若不遵守住持的行為,住持者則會犯下違犯,而非行者。其餘的雙方都會犯下,特殊的雙方都不會犯下。在物品的多樣性中,四種出家戒則彼此之間是物品的多樣性,而非違犯的多樣性。所有的情況都是出家戒的違犯。對於僧團的餘下情況也是如此。比丘與比丘尼之間的身體接觸,若比丘的僧團余則為比丘尼的出家戒,因此是違犯的多樣性,而非物品的多樣性,雙方的身體接觸即為物品。如此「在吃蔥時,比丘尼犯下波逸提,比丘犯下杜羅吒」,因此應以此類推。四種出家戒與十三條僧團余相結合,既有物品的多樣性,也有違犯的多樣性。對於僧團的餘下情況也是如此。從一開始,四種出家戒的違犯在比丘與比丘尼之間是物品的多樣性,而非違犯的多樣性。即使在各自犯下的情況下,其餘的特殊違犯也同樣適用。

Vatthusabhāgādicatukke bhikkhussa ca bhikkhuniyā ca kāyasaṃsagge vatthusabhāgatā, no āpattisabhāgatā, catūsu pārājikesu āpattisabhāgatā, no vatthusabhāgatā. Esa nayo saṅghādisesādīsu. Bhikkhussa ca bhikkhuniyā ca catūsu pārājikesu vatthusabhāgatā ceva āpattisabhāgatā ca. Esa nayo sabbāsu sādhāraṇāpattīsu. Asādhāraṇāpattiyaṃ neva vatthusabhāgatā no āpattisabhāgatā. Yo hi purimacatukke paṭhamo pañho, so idha dutiyo; yo ca tattha dutiyo, so idha paṭhamo. Tatiyacatutthesu nānākaraṇaṃ natthi.

Upajjhāyacatukke saddhivihārikassa upajjhāyena kattabbavattassa akaraṇe āpattiṃ upajjhāyoāpajjati, no saddhivihāriko upajjhāyassa kattabbavattaṃ akaronto saddhivihāriko āpajjati, no upajjhāyo; sesaṃ ubhopi āpajjanti, asādhāraṇaṃ ubhopi nāpajjanti. Ācariyacatukkepi eseva nayo.

Ādiyantacatukke pādaṃ vā atirekapādaṃ vā sahatthā ādiyanto garukaṃ āpajjati, ūnakapādaṃ gaṇhāhīti āṇattiyā aññaṃ payojento lahukaṃ āpajjati. Etena nayena sesapadattayaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Abhivādanārahacatukke bhikkhunīnaṃ tāva bhattagge navamabhikkhunito paṭṭhāya upajjhāyāpi abhivādanārahā no paccuṭṭhānārahā. Avisesena ca vippakatabhojanassa bhikkhussa yo koci vuḍḍhataro. Saṭṭhivassassāpi pārivāsikassa samīpagato tadahupasampannopi paccuṭṭhānāraho no abhivādanāraho. Appaṭikkhittesu ṭhānesu vuḍḍho navakassa abhivādanāraho ceva paccuṭṭhānāraho ca. Navako pana vuḍḍhassa neva abhivādanāraho na paccuṭṭhānāraho. Āsanārahacatukkassa paṭhamapadaṃ purimacatukke dutiyapadena, dutiyapadañca paṭhamapadena atthato sadisaṃ.

Kālacatukke pavāretvā bhuñjanto kāle āpajjati no vikāle, vikālabhojanāpattiṃ vikāle āpajjati no kāle, sesaṃ kāle ceva āpajjati vikāle ca, asādhāraṇaṃ neva kāle no vikāle. Paṭiggahitacatukke purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitāmisaṃ kāle kappati no vikāle. Pānakaṃ vikāle kappati, punadivasamhi no kāle. Sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ kāle ceva kappati vikāle ca. Attano attano kālātītaṃ yāvakālikādittayaṃ akappiyamaṃsaṃ uggahitakamappaṭiggahitakañca neva kāle kappati no vikāle.

Paccantimacatukke samudde sīmaṃ bandhanto paccantimesu janapadesu āpajjati, no majjhimesu; pañcavaggena gaṇena upasampādento guṇaṅguṇūpāhanaṃ dhuvanahānaṃ cammattharaṇāni ca majjhimesu janapadesu āpajjati no paccantimesu. Imāni cattāri 『『idha na kappantī』』ti vadantopi paccantimesu āpajjati, 『『idha kappantī』』ti vadanto pana majjhimesu āpajjati. Sesāpattiṃ ubhayattha āpajjati, asādhāraṇaṃ na katthaci āpajjati. Dutiyacatukke pañcavaggena gaṇena upasampadādi catubbidhampi vatthu paccantimesu janapadesu kappati. 『『Idaṃ kappatī』』ti dīpetumpi tattheva kappati no majjhimesu. 『『Idaṃ na kappatī』』ti dīpetuṃ pana majjhimesu janapadesu kappati no paccantimesu. Sesaṃ 『『anujānāmi bhikkhave pañca loṇānī』』tiādi anuññātakaṃ ubhayattha kappati. Yaṃ pana akappiyanti paṭikkhittaṃ, taṃ ubhayatthāpi na kappati.

在物品相似性的四種情況中,比丘和比丘尼的身體接觸,在物品相似性上相似,而非違犯相似性。在四種出家戒中,在違犯相似性上相似,而非物品相似性。對於僧團余等情況也是如此。比丘和比丘尼在四種出家戒中,既有物品相似性,也有違犯相似性。對於所有特殊違犯也是如此。在特殊違犯中,既無物品相似性,也無違犯相似性。前一個四種情況中的第一個問題,在這裡是第二個;在那裡的第二個,在這裡是第一個。在第三和第四種情況中沒有區別。 在和尚的四種情況中,若學生的和尚未履行應盡的義務,違犯由和尚承擔,而非學生。若學生未履行和尚的應盡義務,違犯由學生承擔,而非和尚。其餘情況,雙方都會犯下,特殊情況雙方都不會犯下。在老師的四種情況中也是如此。 在開始和結束的四種情況中,親手拿取一腳或超過一腳時犯重罪,通過命令拿取不足一腳時犯輕罪。其餘三個部分應以此類推。 在應受禮敬的四種情況中,首先對比丘尼來說,在用餐處從第九位比丘尼開始,即使是和尚也僅僅是應受禮敬,而非應起身相迎。無論如何,對於已用餐的比丘,任何年長者。即使是六十歲的隔離期比丘,若靠近當天受具足戒者,應起身相迎,而非應受禮敬。在未被拒絕的地方,年長者對新比丘既應受禮敬,也應起身相迎。新比丘對年長者既不應受禮敬,也不應起身相迎。座位的第一部分與前一個四種情況的第二部分在意義上相似,第二部分與第一部分也是如此。 在時間的四種情況中,在規定時間內用餐時在時間內犯罪,而非非時;在非時用餐時在非時犯罪,而非時間內。其餘情況在時間內和非時都會犯罪,特殊情況既不在時間內,也不在非時。 在接受的四種情況中,午前接受的食物在時間內有效,而非非時。飲料在非時有效,第二天不在時間內。七天或終身的食物在時間內和非時都有效。自己在時間或非時內不得接受已過期的暫時性食物和未接受的肉類。 在邊境的四種情況中,在海上劃定界限時在邊境地區犯罪,而非中原地區;用五人小組受具足戒時,在中原地區犯罪,而非邊境地區。即使說"在此不允許",也在邊境地區犯罪;說"在此允許"則在中原地區犯罪。其餘違犯在兩處都會發生,特殊違犯則不會發生在任何地方。在第二種情況中,五人小組的受具足戒等四種情況在邊境地區允許。為說明"此處允許",僅在那裡允許,而非中原地區。為說明"此處不允許",則在中原地區允許,而非邊境地區。其餘情況如"允許五種鹽"等在兩處都允許。被禁止的則在兩處都不允許。

Antoādicatukke anupakhajja seyyādiṃ anto āpajjati no bahi, ajjhokāse saṅghikamañcādīni nikkhipitvā pakkamanto bahi āpajjati no anto, sesaṃ anto ceva bahi ca, asādhāraṇaṃ neva anto na bahi. Antosīmādicatukke āgantuko vattaṃ apūrento antosīmāya āpajjati, gamiyo bahisīmāya musāvādādiṃ antosīmāya ca bahisīmāya ca āpajjati,asādhāraṇaṃ na katthaci.Gāmacatukke antaragharapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ sekhiyapaññattiṃ gāme āpajjati no araññe. Bhikkhunī aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpayamānā araññe āpajjati no gāme. Musāvādādiṃ gāme ceva āpajjati araññe ca, asādhāraṇaṃ na katthaci.

Cattāropubbakiccāti 『『sammajjanī padīpo ca udakaṃ āsanena cā』』ti idaṃ catubbidhaṃ pubbakaraṇanti vuccatīti vuttaṃ. 『『Chandapārisuddhiutukkhānaṃ bhikkhugaṇanā ca ovādo』』ti ime pana 『『cattāro pubbakiccā』』ti veditabbā. Cattāro pattakallāti uposatho yāvatikā ca bhikkhū kammappattā te āgatā honti, sabhāgāpattiyo na vijjanti, vajjanīyā ca puggalā tasmiṃ na honti, pattakallanti vuccatīti. Cattāri anaññapācittiyānīti 『『etadeva paccayaṃ karitvā anaññaṃ pācittiya』』nti evaṃ vuttāni anupakhajjaseyyākappanasikkhāpadaṃ 『『ehāvuso gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā』』ti sikkhāpadaṃ, sañcicca kukkuccaupadahanaṃ, upassutitiṭṭhananti imāni cattāri. Catasso bhikkhusammutiyoti 『『ekarattampi ce bhikkhu ticīvarena vippavaseyya aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, aññaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ kārāpeyya aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, tato ce uttari vippavaseyya aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ anupasampannassa āroceyya aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā』』ti evaṃ āgatā terasahi sammutīhi muttā sammutiyo. Gilānacatukke aññabhesajjena karaṇīyena lolatāya aññaṃ viññāpento gilāno āpajjati, abhesajjakaraṇīyena bhesajjaṃ viññāpento agilāno āpajjati, musāvādādiṃ ubhopi āpajjanti, asādhāraṇaṃ ubhopi nāpajjanti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Catukkavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Pañcakavāravaṇṇanā

在內部的四種情況中,不侵入地躺臥等在內部犯罪,而非外部;在露天處放置僧團的床等並離開時在外部犯罪,而非內部;其餘情況在內部和外部都會犯罪,特殊情況既不在內部,也不在外部。在內部界限的四種情況中,外來者未履行義務時在內部界限犯罪;行者在外部界限和內部界限都會犯妄語等罪,特殊情況不會在任何地方犯罪。在村莊的四種情況中,與室內相關的學習規定在村莊犯罪,而非在森林;比丘尼在黎明前在森林犯罪,而非在村莊;妄語等在村莊和森林都會犯罪,特殊情況不會在任何地方犯罪。 四種預備工作,指的是"掃帚、燈、水和座位"這四種被稱為預備工作。"慾望的純凈、季節的說明、比丘的人數和教誡"這四種應被理解為"四種預備工作"。四種適當的條件,指的是舉行布薩儀式時,所有有資格參與儀式的比丘都已到場,沒有類似的違犯,沒有需要驅逐的個人,這被稱為適當的條件。四種非其他波逸提,指的是"僅以此為因,非其他波逸提",即不侵入地躺臥的學習規定,"請來村莊或聚落"的學習規定,故意製造疑慮,以及竊聽等四種。四種比丘同意,指的是"如果比丘即使只有一夜不穿三衣,除非得到比丘同意;若製作新的墊子,除非得到比丘同意;若超過此時間,除非得到比丘同意;若向未受具足戒者告知嚴重違犯,除非得到比丘同意",這些是十三種同意中的例外。 在病人的四種情況中,因其他藥物需要而因輕率而請求其他藥物時,病人犯罪;因非藥物需要而請求藥物時,非病人犯罪;妄語等雙方都會犯罪,特殊情況雙方都不會犯罪。其餘情況在所有地方都很明顯。 四種情況的描述已完成。 五種情況的描述

325.Pañcakesupañca puggalā niyatāti ānantariyānamevetaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Pañca chedanakā āpattiyo nāma pamāṇātikkante mañcapīṭhe nisīdanakaṇḍuppaṭicchādivassikasāṭikāsu sugatacīvare ca veditabbā. Pañcahākārehīti alajjitā, aññāṇatā, kukkuccappakatatā, akappiye kappiyasaññitā, kappiye akappiyasaññitāti imehi pañcahi. Pañca āpattiyo musāvādapaccayāti pārājikathullaccayadukkaṭasaṅghādisesapācittiyā. Anāmantacāroti 『『santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā purebhattaṃ pacchābhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjeyyā』』ti imassa āpucchitvā cārassa abhāvo. Anadhiṭṭhānanti 『『gaṇabhojane aññatra samayā』』ti vuttaṃ samayaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā bhojanaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ nāma; tathā akaraṇaṃ anadhiṭṭhānaṃ. Avikappanā nāma yā paramparabhojane vikappanā vuttā, tassā akaraṇaṃ. Imāni hi pañca piṇḍapātikassa dhutaṅgeneva paṭikkhittāni. Ussaṅkitaparisaṅkitoti ye passanti, ye suṇanti, tehi ussaṅkito ceva parisaṅkito ca. Api akuppadhammo khīṇāsavopi samāno, tasmā agocarā pariharitabbā. Na hi etesu sandissamāno ayasato vā garahato vā muccati. Sosānikanti susāne patitakaṃ. Pāpaṇikanti āpaṇadvāre patitakaṃ. Thūpacīvaranti vammikaṃ parikkhipitvā balikammakataṃ. Ābhisekikanti nahānaṭṭhāne vā rañño abhisekaṭṭhāne vā chaḍḍitacīvaraṃ. Bhatapaṭiyābhatanti susānaṃ netvā puna ānītakaṃ. Pañca mahācorā uttarimanussadhamme vuttā.

Pañcāpattiyo kāyato samuṭṭhantīti paṭhamena āpattisamuṭṭhānena pañca āpattiyo āpajjati, 『『bhikkhu kappiyasaññī saññācikāya kuṭiṃ karotī』』ti evaṃ antarapeyyāle vuttāpattiyo. Pañca āpattiyo kāyato ca vācato cāti tatiyena āpattisamuṭṭhānena pañca āpattiyo āpajjati, 『『bhikkhu kappiyasaññī saṃvidahitvā kuṭiṃ karotī』』ti evaṃ tattheva vuttā āpattiyo. Desanāgāminiyoti ṭhapetvā pārājikañca saṅghādisesañca avasesā.

Pañca kammānīti tajjanīyaniyassapabbājanīyapaṭisāraṇīyāni cattāri ukkhepanīyañca tividhampi ekanti pañca. Yāvatatiyake pañcāti ukkhittānuvattikāya bhikkhuniyā yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanāya appaṭinissajjantiyā pārājikaṃ thullaccayaṃ dukkaṭanti tisso , bhedakānuvattakādisamanubhāsanāsu saṅghādiseso, pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge pācittiyaṃ. Adinnanti aññena adinnaṃ. Aviditanti paṭiggaṇhāmīti cetanāya abhāvena aviditaṃ. Akappiyanti pañcahi samaṇakappehi akappiyakataṃ; yaṃ vā panaññampi akappiyamaṃsaṃ akappiyabhojanaṃ. Akatātirittanti pavāretvā atirittaṃ akataṃ. Samajjadānanti naṭasamajjādidānaṃ. Usabhadānanti gogaṇassa antare usabhavissajjanaṃ. Cittakammadānanti āvāsaṃ kāretvā tattha cittakammaṃ kāretuṃ vaṭṭati. Idaṃ pana paṭibhānacittakammadānaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Imāni hi pañca kiñcāpi lokassa puññasammatāni, atha kho apuññāni akusalāniyeva . Uppannaṃ paṭibhānanti ettha paṭibhānanti kathetukamyatā vuccati. Ime pañca duppaṭivinodayāti na supaṭivinodayā; upāyena pana kāraṇena anurūpāhi paccavekkhanāanusāsanādīhi sakkā paṭivinodetunti attho.

五種人是固定的,只有在緊急情況下才適用。五種切割的違犯,指的是在超過標準時在坐墊上坐下、在遮蓋物下的坐墊和雨季衣服上應理解為可見的。五種情況,指的是:羞恥、無知、憂慮、不可接受的可接受感、可接受的不可接受感。五種違犯是因妄語而起的,指的是出家戒的重大違犯、輕微違犯和僧團余的波逸提。隱瞞行為,指的是"若不詢問比丘,若在用餐前後在家中行為不端"的情況,因未詢問而導致的行為缺失。未規定,指的是"在聚餐時不在規定的時間內"的情況;同樣,未執行也是未規定。未乾擾,指的是在持續用餐時的干擾,未乾擾則是指未執行的情況。這五種情況是因乞食的修行而被禁止的。被他人看到和聽到的人,會被視為干擾和關注。即使是未動搖的比丘,也應避免不在可接受範圍內的行為。因為在這些情況下,既不顯現出金錢的價值,也不顯現出貶低的價值。屍體,指的是在墓地的屍體。壞人,指的是在商店門口的壞人。粗糙的衣服,指的是用土製成的衣服。被洗凈的,指的是在洗澡的地方或國王的加冕儀式上被丟棄的衣服。食物,指的是在墓地取回的食物。五個大盜在超人類的法則中被提及。 五種違犯是因身體而起的,首先因身體的違犯而起的五種違犯,"比丘因可接受的感知而建造小屋"的情況被稱為內在的違犯。五種違犯是因身體和語言而起的,第三因身體的違犯而起的五種違犯,"比丘因可接受的感知而建造小屋"的情況被稱為外在的違犯。講解的對象,指的是除了波逸提和僧團余以外的其他情況。

Sakacittaṃ pasīdatīti ettha imāni vatthūni – kaṭaandhakāravāsī phussadevatthero kira cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā sinduvārakusumasanthatamiva samavippakiṇṇavālikaṃ cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ olokento buddhārammaṇaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppādetvā aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe māro pabbatapāde nibbattakāḷamakkaṭo viya hutvā cetiyaṅgaṇe gomayaṃ vippakiranto gato. Thero nāsakkhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇituṃ, sammajjitvā agamāsi. Dutiyadivasepi jaraggavo hutvā tādisameva vippakāraṃ akāsi. Tatiyadivase vaṅkapādaṃ manussattabhāvaṃ nimminitvā pādena parikasanto agamāsi. Thero 『『evarūpo bībhacchapuriso samantā yojanappamāṇesu gocaragāmesu natthi, siyā nu kho māro』』ti cintetvā 『『mārosi tva』』nti āha. 『『Āma, bhante, māromhi, na dāni te vañcetuṃ asakkhi』』nti. 『『Diṭṭhapubbo tayā tathāgato』』ti? 『『Āma, diṭṭhapubbo』』ti. 『『Māro nāma mahānubhāvo hoti, iṅgha tāva buddhassa bhagavato attabhāvasadisaṃ attabhāvaṃ nimmināhī』』ti? 『『Na sakkā, bhante, tādisaṃ rūpaṃ nimminituṃ; apica kho pana taṃsarikkhakaṃ patirūpakaṃ nimminissāmī』』ti sakabhāvaṃ vijahitvā buddharūpasadisena attabhāvena aṭṭhāsi . Thero māraṃ oloketvā 『『ayaṃ tāva sarāgadosamoho evaṃ sobhati, kathaṃ nu kho bhagavā na sobhati sabbaso vītarāgadosamoho』』ti buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ paṭilabhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Māro 『『vañcitomhi tayā, bhante』』ti āha. Theropi 『『kiṃ atthi jaramāra, tādisaṃ vañcetu』』nti āha. Lokantaravihārepi datto nāma daharabhikkhu cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā olokento odātakasiṇaṃ paṭilabhi. Aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattesi. Tato vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā phalattayaṃ sacchākāsi.

Paracittaṃpasīdatīti ettha imāni vatthūni – tisso nāma daharabhikkhu jambukolacetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā saṅkārachaḍḍaniṃ hatthena gahetvāva aṭṭhāsi . Tasmiṃ khaṇe tissadattatthero nāma nāvāto oruyha cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ olokento bhāvitacittena sammaṭṭhaṭṭhānanti ñatvā pañhāsahassaṃ pucchi, itaro sabbaṃ vissajjesi. Aññatarasmimpi vihāre thero cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā vattaṃ paricchindi. Yonakavisayato cetiyavandakā cattāro therā āgantvā cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ disvā anto appavisitvā dvāreyeva ṭhatvā eko thero aṭṭha kappe anussari, eko soḷasa, eko vīsati, eko tiṃsa kappe anussari.

Devatā attamanā hontīti ettha idaṃ vatthu – ekasmiṃ kira vihāre eko bhikkhu cetiyaṅgaṇañca bodhiyaṅgaṇañca sammajjitvā nahāyituṃ gato. Devatā 『『imassa vihārassa katakālato paṭṭhāya evaṃ vattaṃ pūretvā sammaṭṭhapubbo bhikkhu natthī』』ti pasannacittā pupphahatthā aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero āgantvā 『『kataragāmavāsikātthā』』ti āha. 『『Bhante, idheva vasāma, imassa vihārassa katakālato paṭṭhāya evaṃ vattaṃ pūretvā sammaṭṭhapubbo bhikkhu natthīti tumhākaṃ, bhante, vatte pasīditvā pupphahatthā ṭhitāmhā』』ti devatā āhaṃsu.

Sakacittaṃ pasīdatīti ettha imāni vatthūni – kaṭaandhakāravāsī phussadevatthero kira cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā sinduvārakusumasanthatamiva samavippakiṇṇavālikaṃ cetiyaṅgaṃ olokento buddhārammaṇaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppādetvā aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe māro pabbatapāde nibbattakāḷamakkaṭo viya hutvā cetiyaṅgaṇe gomayaṃ vippakiranto gato. Thero nāsakkhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇituṃ, sammajjitvā agamāsi. Dutiyadivasepi jaraggavo hutvā tādisameva vippakāraṃ akāsi. Tatiyadivase vaṅkapādaṃ manussattabhāvaṃ nimminitvā pādena parikasanto agamāsi. Thero 『『evarūpo bībhacchapuriso samantā yojanappamāṇesu gocaragāmesu natthi, siyā nu kho māro』』ti cintetvā 『『mārosi tva』』nti āha. 『『Āma, bhante, māromhi, na dāni te vañcetuṃ asakkhi』』nti. 『『Diṭṭhapubbo tayā tathāgato』』ti? 『『Āma, diṭṭhapubbo』』ti. 『『Māro nāma mahānubhāvo hoti, iṅgha tāva buddhassa bhagavato attabhāvasadisaṃ attabhāvaṃ nimmināhī』』ti? 『『Na sakkā, bhante, tādisaṃ rūpaṃ nimminituṃ; apica kho pana taṃsarikkhakaṃ patirūpakaṃ nimminissāmī』』ti sakabhāvaṃ vijahitvā buddharūpasadisena attabhāvena aṭṭhāsi. Thero māraṃ oloketvā 『『ayaṃ tāva sarāgadosamoho evaṃ sobhati, kathaṃ nu kho bhagavā na sobhati sabbaso vītarāgadosamoho』』ti buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ paṭilabhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Māro 『『vañcitomhi tayā, bhante』』ti āha. Theropi 『『kiṃ atthi jaramāra, tādisaṃ vañcetu』』nti āha. Lokantaravihārepi datto nāma daharabhikkhu cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā olokento odātakasiṇaṃ paṭilabhi. Aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattesi. Tato vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā phalattayaṃ sacchākāsi. Paracittaṃpasīdatīti ettha imāni vatthūni – tisso nāma daharabhikkhu jambukolacetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā saṅkārachaḍḍaniṃ hatthena gahetvāva aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe tissadattatthero nāma nāvāto oruyha cetiyaṅgaṇṃ olokento bhāvitacittena sammaṭṭhaṭṭhānanti ñatvā pañhāsahassaṃ pucchi, itaro sabbaṃ vissajjesi. Aññatarasmimpi vihāre thero cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā vattaṃ paricchindi. Yonakavisayato cetiyavandakā cattāro therā āgantvā cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ disvā anto appavisitvā dvāreyeva ṭhatvā eko thero aṭṭha kappe anussari, eko soḷasa, eko vīsati, eko tiṃsa kappe anussari. Devatā attamanā hontīti ettha idaṃ vatthu – ekasmiṃ kira vihāre eko bhikkhu cetiyaṅgaṇañca bodhiyaṅgaṇañca sammajjitvā nahāyituṃ gato. Devatā 『『imassa vihārassa katakālato paṭṭhāya evaṃ vattaṃ pūretvā sammaṭṭhapubbo bhikkhu natthī』』ti pasannacittā pupphahatthā aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero āgantvā 『『kataragāmavāsikātthā』』ti āha. 『『Bhante, idheva vasāma, imassa vihārassa katakālato paṭṭhāya evaṃ vattaṃ pūretvā sammaṭṭhapubbo bhikkhu natthīti tumhākaṃ, bhante, vatte pasīditvā pupphahatthā ṭhitāmhā』』ti devatā āhaṃsu。

Pāsādikasaṃvattanikanti ettha idaṃ vatthu – ekaṃ kira amaccaputtaṃ abhayattherañca ārabbha ayaṃ kathā udapādi 『『kiṃ nu kho amaccaputto pāsādiko, abhayattheroti ubhopi ne ekasmiṃ ṭhāne olokessāmā』』ti. Ñātakā amaccaputtaṃ alaṅkaritvā mahācetiyaṃ vandāpessāmāti agamaṃsu. Theramātāpi pāsādikaṃ cīvaraṃ kāretvā puttassa pahiṇi, 『『putto me kese chindāpetvā imaṃ cīvaraṃ pārupitvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto mahācetiyaṃ vandatū』』ti. Amaccaputto ñātiparivuto pācīnadvārena cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ āruḷho, abhayatthero bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto dakkhiṇadvārena cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ āruhitvā cetiyaṅgaṇe tena saddhiṃ samāgantvā āha – 『『kiṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, mahallakattherassa sammaṭṭhaṭṭhāne kacavaraṃ chaḍḍetvā mayā saddhiṃ yugaggāhaṃ gaṇhāsī』』ti. Atītattabhāve kira abhayatthero mahallakatthero nāma hutvā gocaragāme cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajji, amaccaputto mahāupāsako hutvā sammaṭṭhaṭṭhāne kacavaraṃ gahetvā chaḍḍesi.

Satthusāsanaṃ kataṃ hotīti idaṃ sammajjanavattaṃ nāma buddhehi vaṇṇitaṃ, tasmā taṃ karontena satthusāsanaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tatridaṃ vatthu – āyasmā kira sāriputto himavantaṃ gantvā ekasmiṃ pabbhāre asammajjitvāva nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi. Bhagavā āvajjanto therassa asammajjitvā nisinnabhāvaṃ ñatvā ākāsena gantvā therassa purato asammaṭṭhaṭṭhāne pādāni dassetvā paccāgañchi. Thero samāpattito vuṭṭhito bhagavato pādāni disvā balavahirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpetvā jaṇṇukehi patiṭṭhāya 『『asammajjitvā nisinnabhāvaṃ vata me satthā aññāsi, saṅghamajjhe dāni codanaṃ kāressāmī』』ti dasabalassa santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā nisīdi. Bhagavā 『『kuhiṃ gatosi, sāriputtā』』ti vatvā 『『na patirūpaṃ dāni te mayhaṃ anantare ṭhāne ṭhatvā vicarantassa asammajjitvā nisīditu』』nti āha. Tato paṭṭhāya thero gaṇṭhikapaṭimuñcanaṭṭhānepi tiṭṭhanto pādena kacavaraṃ viyūhitvāva tiṭṭhati.

Attano bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggaṇhātīti 『『imasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ettakaṃ suttaṃ upalabbhati, ettako vinicchayo, ettakaṃ suttañca vinicchayañca vakkhāmī』』ti evaṃ attano bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggaṇhāti. 『『Ayaṃ codakassa purimakathā, ayaṃ pacchimakathā, ayaṃ cuditakassa purimakathā, ayaṃ pacchimakathā, ettakaṃ gayhūpagaṃ, ettakaṃ na gayhūpaga』』nti evaṃ anuggaṇhanto pana parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggaṇhāti nāma. Āpattiṃ na jānātīti pārājikaṃ vā saṅghādisesaṃ vāti sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ na jānāti. Mūlanti dve āpattiyā mūlāni kāyo ca vācā ca, tāni na jānāti. Samudayanti cha āpattisamuṭṭhānāni āpattisamudayo nāma, tāni na jānāti. Pārājikādīnaṃ vatthuṃ na jānātītipi vuttaṃ hoti. Nirodhanti ayaṃ āpatti desanāya nirujjhati, vūpasammati, ayaṃ vuṭṭhānenāti evaṃ āpattinirodhaṃ na jānāti. Satta samathe ajānanto pana āpattinirodhagāminipaṭipadaṃ na jānāti.

關於令人愉悅和有益的情況,這裡有這樣一個故事:據說關於一位大臣之子和阿耶陀長老有這樣的討論:"我們來看看大臣之子和阿耶陀長老誰更令人愉悅。"親屬們為大臣之子裝扮打扮,並要帶他去參拜大塔。長老的母親為兒子製作了令人愉悅的袈裟,並派人送去,說:"請我兒子剪髮,穿上這件袈裟,被比丘僧團圍繞,去參拜大塔。"大臣之子被親屬簇擁,從東門進入塔院;阿耶陀長老被比丘僧團圍繞,從南門進入,在塔院與他相遇並說:"朋友,你怎能在老長老打掃過的地方丟棄垃圾並與我爭奪?"據說在過去,阿耶陀長老曾是一位老長老,在村莊的塔院打掃;而大臣之子作為大優婆塞,在打掃的地方拿起垃圾並丟棄。 關於完成導師的教誡,這種打掃的儀式是被佛陀稱讚的,因此執行者就是完成了導師的教誡。這裡有這樣一個故事:據說尊者舍利弗去到喜馬拉雅山,在某個山洞裡未經打掃就坐下併入定。世尊察覺到長老未經打掃就坐下,就乘空而來,在長老面前未打掃的地方示現雙足后返回。長老從定中出定,看到世尊的雙足,生起強烈的慚愧之心,跪下說:"導師已經知道我未經打掃就坐下,現在我要在僧眾中受到指責。"他前往十力尊前頂禮後坐下。世尊說:"舍利弗啊,你去哪裡了?"並說:"現在對於我經常在附近活動的情況下,你未經打掃就坐下是不恰當的。"從那時起,長老即使站在解開結的地方,也總是用腳撥開垃圾而站立。 關於不學習自己言語範圍的情況,指的是"在這個情況下,可以找到這麼多經文,這麼多判定,我將講述經文和判定",這樣不學習自己言語的範圍。"這是原告的前言,這是後言,這是被告的前言,這是後言,這部分是可接受的,這部分是不可接受的",這樣不學習,就是不學習他人言語的範圍。不知道違犯,指的是不知道波羅夷或僧殘等七種違犯類別的區別。根本,指的是身和語兩種違犯的根本,不知道這些。生起,指的是六種違犯生起,不知道這些。也被說成是不知道波羅夷等的情況。滅,指的是這種違犯通過懺悔而滅,平息,不知道違犯的滅。不知道七種平息法,就是不知道通向滅除違犯的道路。

Adhikaraṇapañcake adhikaraṇaṃ nāma cattāri adhikaraṇāni. Adhikaraṇassa mūlaṃ nāma tettiṃsa mūlāni – vivādādhikaraṇassa dvādasa mūlāni, anuvādādhikaraṇassa cuddasa, āpattādhikaraṇassa cha, kiccādhikaraṇassa ekaṃ; tāni parato āvi bhavissanti. Adhikaraṇasamudayo nāma adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ aṭṭhārasa bhedakaravatthūni nissāya uppajjati; anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ catasso vipattiyo; āpattādhikaraṇaṃ sattāpattikkhandhe; kiccādhikaraṇaṃ cattāri saṅghakiccānīti imaṃ vibhāgaṃ na jānātīti attho . Adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ na jānātīti dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena mūlāmūlaṃ gantvā vinicchayasamathaṃ pāpetuṃ na sakkoti ; 『『idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ dvīhi, idaṃ catūhi, idaṃ tīhi idaṃ ekena samathena sammatī』』ti evaṃ satta samathe ajānanto pana adhikaraṇanirodhagāminipaṭipadaṃ na jānāti nāma. Vatthuṃ na jānātīti 『『idaṃ pārājikassa vatthu, idaṃ saṅghādisesassā』』ti evaṃ sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ vatthuṃ na jānāti. Nidānanti 『『sattannaṃ nidānānaṃ idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ ettha paññattaṃ, idaṃ etthā』』ti na jānāti. Paññattiṃ na jānātīti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade paṭhamapaññattiṃ na jānāti. Anupaññattinti punappunaṃ paññattiṃ na jānāti. Anusandhivacanapathanti kathānusandhi-vinicchayānusandhivasena vatthuṃ na jānāti. Ñattiṃ na jānātīti sabbena sabbaṃ ñattiṃ na jānāti. Ñattiyā karaṇaṃ na jānātīti ñattikiccaṃ na jānāti, osāraṇādīsu navasu ṭhānesu ñattikammaṃ nāma hoti, ñattidutiyañatticatutthakammesu ñattiyā kammappatto hutvā tiṭṭhatīti na jānāti. Na pubbakusalo hoti na aparakusaloti pubbe kathetabbañca pacchā kathetabbañca na jānāti, ñatti nāma pubbe ṭhapetabbā, pacchā na ṭhapetabbātipi na jānāti. Akālaññū ca hotīti kālaṃ na jānāti, anajjhiṭṭho ayācito bhāsati, ñattikālampi ñattikhettampi ñattiokāsampi na jānāti.

Mandattā momūhattāti kevalaṃ aññāṇena momūhabhāvena dhutaṅge ānisaṃsaṃ ajānitvā. Pāpicchoti tena araññavāsena paccayalābhaṃ patthayamāno. Pavivekanti kāyacittaupadhivivekaṃ. Idamatthitanti imāya kalyāṇāya paṭipattiyā attho etassāti idamatthi, idamatthino bhāvo idamatthitā; taṃ idamatthitaṃyeva nissāya na aññaṃ kiñci lokāmisanti attho.

Uposathaṃ na jānātīti navavidhaṃ uposathaṃ na jānāti. Uposathakammanti adhammenavaggādibhedaṃ catubbidhaṃ uposathakammaṃ na jānāti. Pātimokkhanti dve mātikā na jānāti. Pātimokkhuddesanti sabbampi navavidhaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti. Pavāraṇanti navavidhaṃ pavāraṇaṃ na jānāti. Pavāraṇākammaṃ uposathakammasadisameva.

Apāsādikapañcake – apāsādikanti kāyaduccaritādi akusalakammaṃ vuccati. Pāsādikanti kāyasucaritādi kusalakammaṃ vuccati. Ativelanti velaṃ atikkamma bahutaraṃ kālaṃ kulesu appaṃ vihāreti attho. Otāroti kilesānaṃ anto otaraṇaṃ. Saṃkiliṭṭhanti duṭṭhullāpattikāyasaṃsaggādibhedaṃ . Visuddhipañcakepavāraṇāggahaṇena navavidhāpi pavāraṇā veditabbā. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Pañcakavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Chakkavāravaṇṇanā

在有關爭議的五種情況中,爭議指的是四種爭議。爭議的根本名為三十三種根本 - 爭論爭議有十二種根本,控告爭議有十四種,違犯爭議有六種,事務爭議有一種;這些將在後面詳細闡述。爭議的生起指的是爭議的起源。爭論爭議依靠十八種破壞事項而產生;控告爭議有四種缺陷;違犯爭議有七種違犯類別;事務爭議有四種僧團事務 - 不瞭解這種區分是其意義。不知道爭議的滅,指的是不能通過法、律、導師的教誡,追溯根本和非根本,作出裁決和平息;不知道七種平息法,如"這個爭議用兩種平息,這個用四種,這個用三種,這個用一種平息",就是不知道通向爭議滅的道路。不知道事項,指的是不知道七種違犯類別的事項,如"這是波羅夷的事項,這是僧殘的事項"。不知道因由,指的是不知道七種因由中的哪個學處在何處制定。不知道制定,指的是不知道每個學處最初的制定。不知道再次制定,指的是不知道重複制定。不知道論述語路,指的是不知道論述的連貫性和判定的連貫性。不知道提議,指的是完全不知道提議。不知道提議的執行,指的是不知道提議的儀式,在九種場合中有提議的行動,不知道在第二提議和第四行動中提議的部分。不善於前後,指的是不知道應該前說和后說的內容,不知道提議應該預先確定,之後不應確定。不知道時機,指的是不知道時間,未經請求和邀請就發言,不知道提議的時間、提議的範圍和提議的場合。 由於愚鈍和迷惑,完全因無知和迷惑狀態,不知道修行的利益。邪愿,指的是通過林居生活希望獲得資具。離隱,指的是身、心和執取的離隱。這是目的,指的是通過這種美善的行持,有其目的;這種目的性,依賴於這個目的,不為世間利益。 不知道布薩,指的是不知道九種布薩。布薩儀式,指的是不知道四種不正當的布薩儀式等。戒本,指的是不知道兩種母法。戒本誦讀,指的是不知道全部九種戒本誦讀。自恣,指的是不知道九種自恣。自恣儀式與布薩儀式相同。 在不令人愉悅的五種情況中 - 不令人愉悅,指的是身惡行等不善業。令人愉悅,指的是身善行等善業。過度,指的是超過時間,在家庭中停留時間過長。進入,指的是煩惱的內在進入。污穢,指的是包括粗穢違犯、身體接觸等的污穢。在清凈的五種情況中,通過自恣的獲取,九種自恣都應被瞭解。其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 五種情況的解釋已完成。 六種情況的解釋開始。

  1. Chakkesu – cha sāmīciyoti 『『so ca bhikkhu anabbhito, te ca bhikkhū gārayhā, ayaṃ tattha sāmīci』』, 『『yuñjantāyasmanto sakaṃ, mā vo sakaṃ vinassāti ayaṃ tattha sāmīci』』, 『『ayaṃ te bhikkhu patto yāva bhedanāya dhāretabboti ayaṃ tattha sāmīci』』, 『『tato nīharitvā bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃvibhajitabbaṃ, ayaṃ tattha sāmīci』』, 『『aññātabbaṃ paripucchitabbaṃ paripañhitabbaṃ, ayaṃ tattha sāmīci』』, 『『yassa bhavissati so harissatīti ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī』』ti imā bhikkhupātimokkheyeva cha sāmīciyo. Cha chedanakāti pañcake vuttā pañca bhikkhunīnaṃ udakasāṭikāya saddhiṃ cha. Chahākārehīti alajjitā aññāṇatā kukkuccapakatatā akappiye kappiyasaññitā kappiye akappiyasaññitā satisammosāti. Tattha ekarattachārattasattāhātikkamādīsu āpattiṃ satisammosena āpajjati. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Cha ānisaṃsā vinayadhareti pañcake vuttā pañca tassādheyyo uposathoti iminā saddhiṃ cha.

Cha paramānīti 『『dasāhaparamaṃ atirekacīvaraṃ dhāretabbaṃ, māsaparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā taṃ cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, santaruttaraparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā tato cīvaraṃ sāditabbaṃ, chakkhattuparamaṃ tuṇhībhūtena uddissa ṭhātabbaṃ, navaṃ pana bhikkhunā santhataṃ kārāpetvā chabbassāni dhāretabbaṃ chabbassaparamatā dhāretabbaṃ, tiyojanaparamaṃ sahatthā dhāretabbāni, dasāhaparamaṃ atirekapatto dhāretabbo, sattāhaparamaṃ sannidhikārakaṃ paribhuñjitabbāni, chārattaparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā tena cīvarena vippavasitabbaṃ, catukkaṃsaparamaṃ, aḍḍhateyyakaṃsaparamaṃ, dvaṅgulapabbaparamaṃ ādātabbaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgulaparamaṃ mañcapaṭipādakaṃ , aṭṭhaṅgulaparamaṃ dantakaṭṭha』』nti imāni cuddasa paramāni. Tattha paṭhamāni cha ekaṃ chakkaṃ, tato ekaṃ apanetvā sesesu ekekaṃ pakkhipitvātiādinā nayena aññānipi chakkāni kātabbāni.

Chaāpattiyoti tīṇi chakkāni antarapeyyāle vuttāni. Cha kammānīti tajjanīya-niyassa-pabbājanīya-paṭisāraṇīyāni cattāri, āpattiyā adassane ca appaṭikamme ca vuttadvayampi ekaṃ, pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge ekanti cha. Nahāneti orenaḍḍhamāsaṃ nahāne; vippakatacīvarādichakkadvayaṃ kathinakkhandhake niddiṭṭhaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Chakkavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Sattakavāravaṇṇanā

在六種情況中 - 六種恰當行為: "該比丘未被驅逐,那些比丘應受呵責,這是其中的恰當行為","尊者們應當努力,不要讓你們的財產滅失,這是其中的恰當行為","比丘,這是你的缽,應當為分裂而持有","從那裡取出后應與比丘們一起分享,這是其中的恰當行為","應當被瞭解、詢問、追問,這是其中的恰當行為","誰將擁有,誰將獲得,這是其中的恰當行為" - 這六種恰當行為僅存在於比丘戒本中。 六種切斷:在五種情況中已經提到的五種,再加上比丘尼的水浴布。 六種方式:不知羞恥、無知、猶豫造作、在不適當之處認為適當、在適當之處認為不適當、遺忘。 在此,由於遺忘,在一夜、七夜、七日以上違犯。其餘部分按照已說明的方式。 六種利益:在五種情況中已提到的五種,再加上主持布薩。 六種至高無上: "十天為至高無上的額外衣服可持有,比丘應在一個月內擱置該衣服,從那裡取衣服應當謹慎,保持沉默站立六次,比丘應制作新墊后持有六年,可持有至六年,三由旬為至高無上可親手持有,十天為至高無上的額外缽,七天為至高無上的儲存物可使用,六夜為至高無上可離開該衣服,四銅錢為至高無上,二分之一銅錢為至高無上,兩指節為至高無上可取,八指節為至高無上的床腳,八指節為至高無上的牙木" - 這是十四種至高無上。其中前六種為一組,其餘可以類似方式組合。 六種違犯:在三個六組中已在中間部分說明。 六種儀式:呵責、驅逐、放逐、和解四種,加上不承認違犯和不改正,以及不放棄惡見,共六種。 沐浴:不超過半月沐浴;已在褥子章中詳細說明的兩組六種情況。其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 六種情況的解釋已完成。 七種情況的解釋開始。

  1. Sattakesu – satta sāmīciyoti pubbe vuttesu chasu 『『sā ca bhikkhunī anabbhitā, tā ca bhikkhuniyo gārayhā, ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī』』ti imaṃ pakkhipitvā satta veditabbā. Satta adhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇāti 『『bhikkhu pārājikaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, pārājikena codiyamāno 『saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpannomhī』ti paṭijānāti, taṃ saṅgho saṅghādisesena kāreti, adhammikaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇa』』nti evaṃ samathakkhandhake niddiṭṭhā. Dhammikāpi tattheva niddiṭṭhā. Sattannaṃ anāpatti sattāhakaraṇīyena gantunti vassūpanāyikakkhandhake vuttaṃ . Sattānisaṃsā vinayadhareti 『『tassādheyyo uposatho pavāraṇā』』ti imehi saddhiṃ pañcake vuttā pañca satta honti. Satta paramānīti chakke vuttāniyeva sattakavasena yojetabbāni. Katacīvarantiādīni dve sattakāni kathinakkhandhake niddiṭṭhāni.

Bhikkhussa na hoti āpatti daṭṭhabbā, bhikkhussa hoti āpatti daṭṭhabbā, bhikkhussa hoti āpatti paṭikātabbāti imāni tīṇi sattakāni, dve adhammikāni, ekaṃ dhammikaṃ; tāni tīṇipi campeyyake niddiṭṭhāni. Asaddhammāti asataṃ dhammā, asanto vā dhammā; asobhanā hīnā lāmakāti attho. Saddhammāti sataṃ buddhādīnaṃ dhammā; santo vā dhammā sundarā uttamāti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Sattakavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Aṭṭhakavāravaṇṇanā

  1. Aṭṭhakesu – aṭṭhānisaṃseti 『『na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā uposathaṃ karissāma, na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ pavāressāma, saṅghakammaṃ karissāma, āsane nisīdissāma, yāgupāne nisīdissāma, bhattagge nisīdissāma, ekacchanne vasissāma, yathāvuḍḍhaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā karissāmā』』ti evaṃ kosambakakkhandhake vutte ānisaṃse. Dutiyaaṭṭhakepi eseva nayo, tampi hi evameva kosambakakkhandhake vuttaṃ.

Aṭṭha yāvatatiyakāti bhikkhūnaṃ terasake cattāro, bhikkhunīnaṃ sattarasake bhikkhūhi asādhāraṇā cattāroti aṭṭha. Aṭṭhahākārehi kulāni dūsetīti kulāni dūseti pupphena vā phalena vā cuṇṇena vā mattikāya vā dantakaṭṭhena vā veḷuyā vā vejjikāya vā jaṅghapesanikena vāti imehi aṭṭhahi. Aṭṭha mātikā cīvarakkhandhake, aparā aṭṭha kathinakkhandhake vuttā. Aṭṭhahi asaddhammehīti lābhena alābhena yasena ayasena sakkārena asakkārena pāpicchatāya pāpamittatāya. Aṭṭha lokadhammā nāma lābhe sārāgo, alābhe paṭivirodho; evaṃ yase ayase, pasaṃsāya nindāya, sukhe sārāgo, dukkhe paṭivirodhoti. Aṭṭhaṅgiko musāvādoti 『『vinidhāya sañña』』nti iminā saddhiṃ pāḷiyaṃ āgatehi sattahīti aṭṭhahi aṅgehi aṭṭhaṅgiko.

Aṭṭha uposathaṅgānīti –

『『Pāṇaṃ na hane na cādinnamādiye,

Musā na bhāse na ca majjapo siyā;

Abrahmacariyā virameyya methunā,

Rattiṃ na bhuñjeyya vikālabhojanaṃ.

『『Mālaṃ na dhāre na ca gandhamācare,

Mañce chamāyaṃva sayetha santhate;

Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṃ,

Buddhena dukkhantagunā pakāsita』』nti. (a. ni.

在七種情況中 - 七種恰當行為:在先前提到的六種中,加上"該比丘尼未被驅逐,那些比丘尼應受呵責,這是其中的恰當行為",共七種。 七種不正當的認可行為:如"比丘已陷入波羅夷,被波羅夷指責時說'我已陷入僧殘',僧團以僧殘處罰他",這在和解篇中已詳細說明。正當的認可行為也在同處說明。 七天內應做之事,在雨安居篇中已說明。 七種利益:在五種情況中已提到的五種,加上主持布薩、自恣,共七種。 七種至高無上:在六種情況中已提到的,以七種方式組合。 已完成衣服等兩種七種情況,在褥子篇中已詳細說明。 比丘沒有違犯可見,比丘有違犯可見,比丘有違犯應被糾正 - 這三種七種情況,兩種不正當,一種正當;這三種在旃波篇中已詳細說明。 非正法,指虛假的法,或非善的法;不美好、低劣、卑賤的意思。 正法,指善的佛陀等的法;或善的法,美好、最高的意思。 其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 七種情況的解釋已完成。 八種情況的解釋開始。 在八種情況中 - 八種利益:如在拘舍梨篇中所說:"我們不會與這位比丘一起舉行布薩,我們將在沒有這位比丘的情況下舉行布薩,我們不會與這位比丘一起自恣,我們將舉行僧團儀式,我們將在座位上就座,我們將在粥處就座,我們將在飯堂就座,我們將在同一屋檐下居住,我們將按資歷行禮、問候、致敬、恰當行為"等。 第二個八種情況也是同樣的方式,也在拘舍梨篇中說明。 八種直到第三次:比丘在十三人中有四種,比丘尼在十七人中有四種與比丘不共享的。 八種方式破壞家庭:用花、果、粉末、泥土、牙木、竹子、醫藥或小腿使者等八種。 八種母法在衣服篇,另八種在褥子篇中說明。 八種非正法:通過得與不得、名譽與不名譽、尊重與不尊重、惡愿和惡友。 八種世間法:得時貪著,失時反對;名譽與不名譽,讚揚與批評,樂時貪著,苦時反對。 八支妄語:與"隱藏意圖"一起,在經文中出現的七種,共八支。 八種布薩支: "不殺生,不取未給予物, 不妄語,不飲酒為醉, 離非梵行和淫慾事, 不夜食于非時食。 不戴花,不塗香, 臥床或地上敷席; 此八支布薩, 佛陀宣說苦盡功德。"

3.71);

Evaṃ vuttāni aṭṭha. Aṭṭha dūteyyaṅgānīti 『『idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sotā ca hoti sāvetā cā』』tiādinā nayena saṅghabhedake vuttāni. Titthiyavattāni mahākhandhake niddiṭṭhāni. Anatirittā ca atirittā ca pavāraṇāsikkhāpade niddiṭṭhā. Aṭṭhannaṃ paccuṭṭhātabbanti bhattagge vuḍḍhabhikkhunīnaṃ, āsanampi tāsaṃyeva dātabbaṃ. Upāsikāti visākhā. Aṭṭhānisaṃsā vinayadhareti pañcake vuttesu pañcasu 『『tassādheyyo uposatho, pavāraṇā, saṅghakamma』』nti ime tayo pakkhipitvā aṭṭha veditabbā. Aṭṭha paramānīti pubbe vuttaparamāneva aṭṭhakavasena yojetvā veditabbāni. Aṭṭhasu dhammesu sammā vattitabbanti 『『na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposatho ṭhapetabbo, na pavāraṇā ṭhapetabbā』』tiādinā nayena samathakkhandhake niddiṭṭhesu aṭṭhasu. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Aṭṭhakavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Navakavāravaṇṇanā

  1. Navakesu – nava āghātavatthūnīti 『『anatthaṃ me acarī』』tiādīni nava. Nava āghātapaṭivinayāti 『『anatthaṃ me acari, taṃ kutettha labbhāti āghātaṃ paṭivinetī』』tiādīni nava. Nava vinītavatthūnīti navahi āghātavatthūhi ārati virati paṭivirati setughāto. Navahi saṅgho bhijjatīti 『『navannaṃ vā, upāli, atirekanavannaṃ vā saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo cā』』ti. Nava paramānīti pubbe vuttaparamāneva navakavasena yojetvā veditabbāni. Nava taṇhāmūlakā nāma taṇhaṃ paṭicca pariyesanā, pariyesanaṃ paṭicca lābho, lābhaṃ paṭicca vinicchayo, vinicchayaṃ paṭicca chandarāgo, chandarāgaṃ paṭicca ajjhosānaṃ, ajjhosānaṃ paṭicca pariggaho, pariggahaṃ paṭicca macchariyaṃ, macchariyaṃ paṭicca ārakkhā, ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādatuvaṃtuvaṃpesuññamusāvādā. Nava vidhamānāti 『『seyyassa seyyohamasmī』』timānādayo. Nava cīvarānīti ticīvaranti vā vassikasāṭikāti vātiādinā nayena vuttāni. Na vikappetabbānīti adhiṭṭhitakālato paṭṭhāya na vikappetabbāni . Nava adhammikāni dānānīti saṅghassa pariṇataṃ aññasaṅghassa vā cetiyassa vā puggalassa vā pariṇāmeti, cetiyassa pariṇataṃ aññacetiyassa vā saṅghassa vā puggalassa vā pariṇāmeti , puggalassa pariṇataṃ aññapuggalassa vā saṅghassa vā cetiyassa vā pariṇāmetīti evaṃ vuttāni.

Nava paṭiggahaparibhogāti etesaṃyeva dānānaṃ paṭiggahā ca paribhogā ca. Tīṇi dhammikāni dānānīti saṅghassa ninnaṃ saṅghasseva deti, cetiyassa ninnaṃ cetiyasseva, puggalassa ninnaṃ puggalasseva detīti imāni tīṇi. Paṭiggahapaṭibhogāpi tesaṃyeva paṭiggahā ca paribhogā ca. Nava adhammikā saññattiyoti adhammavādipuggalo, adhammavādisambahulā, adhammavādisaṅghoti evaṃ tīṇi tikāni samathakkhandhake niddiṭṭhāni. Dhammikā saññattiyopi dhammavādī puggalotiādinā nayena tattheva niddiṭṭhā. Adhammakamme dve navakāni ovādavaggassa paṭhamasikkhāpadaniddese pācittiyavasena vuttāni. Dhammakamme dve navakāni tattheva dukkaṭavasena vuttāni. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Navakavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dasakavāravaṇṇanā

如此已說八種。八種使者支:如在破僧篇中所說:"在此,比丘是聽者且傳達者"等。外道行為在大篇中已詳細說明。未超過和超過的自恣學處已在自恣學處中詳細說明。 八種應被問候:在飯堂,應該問候年長的比丘尼,座位也應該給予她們。優婆夷指的是毗舍佉。 八種利益:在五種情況中已提到的五種,加上主持布薩、自恣、僧團儀式三種,共八種。 八種至高無上:先前提到的至高無上,以八種方式組合。 在八種法中應正確行事:如在和解篇中所說:"不應為未受具足戒的比丘停止布薩,不應停止自恣"等八種。 其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 八種情況的解釋已完成。 九種情況的解釋開始。 在九種情況中 - 九種怨恨事項:如"他對我做了不利的事"等九種。 九種怨恨消除:如"他對我做了不利的事,這從何而來"等九種。 九種調教事項:以九種怨恨事項為基礎,有避免、約束、阻止、切斷。 僧團可以通過九種或九人以上破裂。 九種至高無上:先前提到的至高無上,以九種方式組合。 九種根源於渴愛:因渴愛而追求,因追求而獲得,因獲得而判斷,因判斷而生起貪慾,因貪慾而執著,因執著而吝嗇,因吝嗇而保護,因保護而引發棍棒、武器、爭鬥、誹謗、妄語。 九種我慢:如"我比他更好"等。 九種衣服:如三衣或雨季衣等。 不應更換:從確定時起不應更換。 九種不正當的佈施:僧團的佈施轉給另一個僧團或佛塔或個人,佛塔的佈施轉給另一個佛塔或僧團或個人,個人的佈施轉給另一個個人或僧團或佛塔。 九種接受和使用:這些佈施的接受和使用。 三種正當佈施:僧團的捐贈給僧團,佛塔的捐贈給佛塔,個人的捐贈給個人。 接受和使用也是如此。 九種不正當的提議:非法言說的個人、非法言說的多人、非法言說的僧團,這三種在和解篇中已詳細說明。 正當的提議也在同處詳細說明。 在不正當儀式中有兩種九種情況,在戒本第一學處中以波逸提說明。 在正當儀式中有兩種九種情況,在同處以惡作說明。 其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 九種情況的解釋已完成。 十種情況的解釋開始。

  1. Dasakesu – dasa āghātavatthūnīti navakesu vuttāni nava 『『aṭṭhāne vā pana āghāto jāyatī』』ti iminā saddhiṃ dasa honti. Āghātapaṭivinayāpi tattha vuttā nava 『『aṭṭhāne vā pana āghāto jāyati, taṃ kutettha labbhāti āghātaṃ paṭivinetī』』ti iminā saddhiṃ dasa veditabbā. Dasa vinītavatthūnīti dasahi āghātavatthūhi viratisaṅkhātāni dasa. Dasavatthukā micchādiṭṭhīti 『『natthi dinna』』ntiādivasena veditabbā, 『『atthi dinna』』ntiādivasena sammādiṭṭhi, 『『sassato loko』』tiādinā vasena pana antaggāhikā diṭṭhi veditabbā. Dasa micchattāti micchādiṭṭhiādayo micchāvimuttipariyosānā, viparītā sammattā. Salākaggāhā samathakkhandhake niddiṭṭhā.

Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabboti 『『sīlavā hotī』』tiādinā nayena samathakkhandhake vuttehi dasahi. Dasa ādīnavā rājantepurappavesane rājasikkhāpade niddiṭṭhā. Dasa dānavatthūnīti annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālā gandhaṃ vilepanaṃ seyyāvasathaṃ padīpeyyaṃ. Dasa ratanānīti muttāmaṇiveḷuriyādīni. Dasa paṃsukūlānīti sosānikaṃ, pāpaṇikaṃ , undūrakkhāyitaṃ, upacikakkhāyitaṃ, aggidaḍḍhaṃ, gokhāyitaṃ, ajikakkhāyitaṃ, thūpacīvaraṃ, ābhisekiyaṃ, bhatapaṭiyābhatanti etesu upasampannena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ. Dasa cīvaradhāraṇāti 『『sabbanīlakāni cīvarāni dhārentī』』ti vuttavasena dasāti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana 『『navasu kappiyacīvaresu udakasāṭikaṃ vā saṅkaccikaṃ vā pakkhipitvā dasā』』ti vuttaṃ.

Avandanīyapuggalā senāsanakkhandhake niddiṭṭhā. Dasa akkosavatthūni omasavāde niddiṭṭhāni. Dasa ākārā pesuññasikkhāpade niddiṭṭhā. Dasa senāsanānīti mañco, pīṭhaṃ, bhisi, bimbohanaṃ, cimilikā, uttarattharaṇaṃ, taṭṭikā, cammakhaṇḍo, nisīdanaṃ, tiṇasanthāro, paṇṇasanthāroti. Dasa varāni yāciṃsūti visākhā aṭṭha, suddhodanamahārājā ekaṃ, jīvako ekaṃ. Yāguānisaṃsā ca akappiyamaṃsāni ca bhesajjakkhandhake niddiṭṭhāni. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Dasakavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Ekādasakavāravaṇṇanā

在十種情況中 - 十種怨恨事項:在九種情況中已提到的九種,加上"在不適當的地方也會產生怨恨",共十種。 怨恨消除也是如此:在九種情況中已提到的九種,加上"在不適當的地方也會產生怨恨,這從何而來",共十種。 十種調服事項:以十種怨恨事項為基礎的十種約束。 十種邪見:如"沒有佈施"等,"有佈施"等為正見,"世界是常恒的"等為極端執著的見解。 十種邪法:從邪見等到邪解脫,與正法相反。 抽籤在和解篇中已詳細說明。 具備十種條件的比丘應被任命為仲裁:如在和解篇中所說"應為有戒"等十種。 十種不利:在王室入宮的王室學處中已詳細說明。 十種佈施事項:食物、飲料、衣服、交通工具、花環、香、塗抹物、臥具、住所、燈油。 十種寶:珍珠、寶石、綠寶石等。 十種糞衣:火化場遺物、市場遺物、老鼠啃咬、白蟻啃咬、火燒、牛咬、山羊咬、佛塔衣、灌頂衣、交換衣,在這些中具足戒者應當精進。 十種穿衣:如"穿全藍色衣服"等,在《古注》中說是十種。在大注中說:"在九種適當衣服中加入水浴布或遮羞布,成為十種"。 不應被問候的人在住處篇中已詳細說明。 十種誹謗事項在侮辱語中已詳細說明。 十種方式在誹謗學處中已詳細說明。 十種住處:床、座椅、墊子、枕頭、小墊、上層鋪蓋、蓆子、皮革片、坐墊、草墊、樹葉墊。 十種請求:毗舍佉八種,凈飯王一種,耆婆一種。 粥的利益和不適當的肉類在藥品篇中已詳細說明。 其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 十種情況的解釋已完成。 十一種情況的解釋開始。

  1. Ekādasakesu – ekādasāti paṇḍakādayo ekādasa. Ekādasa pādukāti dasa ratanamayā, ekā kaṭṭhapādukā. Tiṇapādukamuñjapādukapabbajapādukādayo pana kaṭṭhapādukasaṅgahameva gacchanti. Ekādasa pattāti tambalohamayena vā dārumayena vā saddhiṃ dasa ratanamayā. Ekādasa cīvarānīti sabbanīlakādīni ekādasa. Yāvatatiyakāti ukkhittānuvattikā bhikkhunī, saṅghādisesā aṭṭha, ariṭṭho, caṇḍakāḷīti. Ekādasa antarāyikā nāma 『『nasi animittā』』ti ādayo. Ekādasacīvarāni adhiṭṭhātabbānīti ticīvaraṃ, vassikasāṭikā, nisīdanaṃ, paccattharaṇaṃ, kaṇḍuppaṭicchādi, mukhapuñchanacoḷaṃ, parikkhāracoḷaṃ, udakasāṭikā, saṅkaccikāti. Na vikappetabbānīti etāneva adhiṭṭhitakālato paṭṭhāya na vikappetabbāni. Gaṇṭhikā ca vidhā ca suttamayena saddhiṃ ekādasa honti, te sabbe khuddakakkhandhake niddiṭṭhā. Pathaviyo pathavisikkhāpade niddiṭṭhā. Nissayapaṭipassaddhiyo upajjhāyamhā pañca, ācariyamhā cha; evaṃ ekādasa. Avandiyapuggalā naggena saddhiṃ ekādasa, te sabbe senāsanakkhandhake niddiṭṭhā . Ekādasa paramāni pubbe vuttesu cuddasasu ekādasakavasena yojetvā veditabbāni. Ekādasa varānīti mahāpajāpatiyā yācitavarena saddhiṃ pubbe vuttāni dasa. Ekādasa sīmādosāti 『『atikhuddakaṃ sīmaṃ sammannantī』』tiādinā nayena kammavagge āgamissanti.

Akkosakaparibhāsake puggale ekādasādīnavā nāma 『『yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akkosako paribhāsako ariyūpavādī, sabrahmacārīnaṃ aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso yaṃ so ekādasannaṃ byasanānaṃ aññataraṃ byasanaṃ na nigaccheyya. Katamesaṃ ekādasannaṃ? Anadhigataṃ nādhigacchati, adhigatā parihāyati, saddhammassa na vodāyanti, saddhammesu vā adhimāniko hoti, anabhirato vā brahmacariyaṃ carati, aññataraṃ vā saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, sikkhaṃ vā paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati, gāḷhaṃ vā rogātaṅkaṃ phusati, ummādaṃ vā pāpuṇāti cittakkhepaṃ vā, sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatī』』ti (a. ni. 11.6). Ettha ca saddhammoti buddhavacanaṃ adhippetaṃ.

Āsevitāyāti ādito paṭṭhāya sevitāya. Bhāvitāyāti nipphāditāya vaḍḍhitāya

Vā. Bahulīkatāyāti punappunaṃ katāya. Yānīkatāyāti suyuttayānasadisāya katāya. Vatthukatāyāti yathā patiṭṭhā hoti; evaṃ katāya. Anuṭṭhitāyāti anu anu pavattitāya; niccādhiṭṭhitāyāti attho. Paricitāyāti samantato citāya; sabbadisāsu citāya ācitāya bhāvitāya abhivaḍḍhitāyāti attho. Susamāraddhāyāti suṭṭhu samāraddhāya; vasībhāvaṃ upanītāyāti attho. Na pāpakaṃ supinanti pāpakameva na passati, bhadrakaṃ pana vuḍḍhikāraṇabhūtaṃ passati. Devatā rakkhantīti ārakkhadevatā dhammikaṃ rakkhaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpenti. Tuvaṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyatīti khippaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyati. Uttari appaṭivijjhantoti mettājhānato uttariṃ arahattaṃ asacchikaronto sekho vā puthujjano vā hutvā kālaṃ karonto brahmalokūpago hoti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Ekādasakavāravaṇṇanā pariyosānā

Ekuttarikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Uposathādipucchāvissajjanā

在十一種情況中 - 十一種情況:如"愚人等"等提到的十一種。十一種鞋子:十種寶石製的,外加一種木製鞋。草鞋、蘆葦鞋、出家鞋等都歸為木製鞋的範疇。十一種葉子:以銅或木製的十種葉子。十一種衣服:包括所有藍色等的十一種。 直到第三次:指的是跟隨的比丘尼,剩餘的八種,阿利特和賈達卡利。 十一種障礙:如"不見無相"等。 應被穿著的十一種衣服:包括三衣、雨季衣、坐墊、鋪墊、圍裙、面巾、附屬衣、洗澡衣、遮羞衣等。 不應被更換:從確定的時間起不應被更換。 繩索和線條在經典中提到的十一種,所有這些在小篇中都有詳細說明。 大地在大地學處中有詳細說明。 依賴於上師的五種,依賴於老師的六種;如此共十一種。 應被尊敬的人在住處篇中有詳細說明。 十一種誹謗事項在誹謗語中有詳細說明。 十種方式在誹謗學處中有詳細說明。 十一種住處:床、座椅、墊子、枕頭、小墊、上層鋪蓋、蓆子、皮革片、坐墊、草墊、樹葉墊。 十一種請求:如毗舍佉八種,凈飯王一種,耆婆一種。 粥的利益和不適當的肉類在藥品篇中有詳細說明。 其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 十一種情況的解釋已完成。 十二種情況的解釋開始。

  1. 『『Uposathakammassa ko ādī』』tiādīnaṃ pucchānaṃ vissajjane sāmaggī ādīti 『『uposathaṃ karissāmā』』ti sīmaṃ sodhetvā chandapārisuddhiṃ āharitvā sannipatitānaṃ kāyasāmaggī ādi. Kiriyā majjheti pubbakiccaṃ katvā pātimokkhaosāraṇakiriyā majjhe. Niṭṭhānaṃ pariyosānanti 『『tattha sabbeheva samaggehi sammodamānehi avivadamānehi sikkhitabba』』nti idaṃ pātimokkhaniṭṭhānaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Pavāraṇākammassa sāmaggī ādīti 『『pavāraṇaṃ karissāmā』』ti sīmaṃ sodhetvā chandapavāraṇaṃ āharitvā sannipatitānaṃ kāyasāmaggī ādi. Kiriyā majjheti pavāraṇāñatti ca pavāraṇākathā ca majjhe, saṅghanavakassa 『『passanto paṭikarissāmī』』ti vacanaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Tajjanīyakammādīsu vatthu nāma yena vatthunā kammāraho hoti, taṃ vatthu. Puggaloti yena taṃ vatthu kataṃ, so puggalo. Kammavācā pariyosānanti 『『kataṃ saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṃ, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī』』ti evaṃ tassā tassā kammavācāya avasānavacanaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti

Uposathādipucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Atthavasapakaraṇāvaṇṇanā

  1. Atthavasapakaraṇe – dasa atthavasetiādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ taṃ paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanāyameva vuttaṃ. Yaṃ saṅghasuṭṭhu taṃ saṅghaphāsūtiādīsu uparimaṃ uparimaṃ padaṃ heṭṭhimassa heṭṭhimassa padassa attho.

Atthasataṃdhammasatantiādimhi pana yadetaṃ dasasu padesu ekekaṃ mūlaṃ katvā dasakkhattuṃ yojanāya padasataṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha pacchimassa pacchimassa padassa vasena atthasataṃ purimassa purimassa vasena dhammasataṃ veditabbaṃ. Atha vā ye dasa atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, ye pubbe paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanāyaṃ 『『tattha saṅghasuṭṭhutā nāma saṅghassa suṭṭhubhāvo 『suṭṭhu devā』ti āgataṭṭhāne viya 『suṭṭhu bhante』ti vacanasampaṭicchanabhāvo, yo ca tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchati, tassa taṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hoti, tasmā saṅghassa 『suṭṭhu bhante』ti mama vacanasampaṭicchanatthaṃ paññapessāmi asampaṭicchane ādīnavaṃ sampaṭicchane ca ānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā na balakkārena abhibhavitvāti etamatthaṃ āvikaronto āha – saṅghasuṭṭhutāyā』』ti evamādinā nayena vaṇṇitā, tesaṃ idha dasakkhattuṃ āgatattā atthasataṃ tadatthajotakānañca padānaṃ vasena dhammasataṃ veditabbaṃ. Idāni atthajotakānaṃ niruttīnaṃ vasena niruttisataṃ, dhammabhūtānaṃ niruttīnaṃ vasena niruttisatanti dve niruttisatāni, atthasate ñāṇasataṃ, dhammasate ñāṇasataṃ, dvīsu niruttisatesu dve ñāṇasatānīti cattāri ñāṇasatāni ca veditabbāni.

『『Atthasataṃ dhammasataṃ, dve niruttisatāni;

Cattāri ñāṇasatāni, atthavase pakaraṇe』』ti.

Iti hi yaṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttanti.

Iti samantapāsādikāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya

Mahāvaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Paṭhamagāthāsaṅgaṇikaṃ

Sattanagaresu paññattasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā

「在自恣儀式中,什麼是主要的?」等問題的回答中,首先提到「我們將進行自恣」,在清理界限后,帶著對自恣的熱情,聚集在一起的身體的和諧等。行為在中間,首先完成的工作是對戒的清理。完成的最終目的在於「在那兒,所有人都應和諧共處,不爭論,應該學習」,這是對戒的最終目的。 在進行自恣的工作中,首先提到「我們將進行自恣」,在清理界限后,帶著對自恣的熱情,聚集在一起的身體的和諧等。行為在中間,包括自恣和自恣的討論,僧團的發言「我將觀察」是最終目的。 「應受罰的事項」是指那些因某種事項而應受罰的事物。 「個人」是指因某種事項而受到處罰的個人。 「行為的最終目的」是「通過僧團完成的某種行為,僧團應寬恕,因此我將保持沉默,這就是我所持有的行為的最終目的」。 其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 自恣相關問題的解釋已完成。 關於意義的解釋 在關於意義的解釋中 - 十種意義等,所應提到的在第一類戒律的解釋中已說明。 在「僧團的和諧」中,逐層逐層的解釋是有意義的。 在「意義的百」與「法的百」中,所提到的在十個方面各有根基,十次的結合被提到。 在此,最後的最後的意義的百應被理解為前面前面的法的百。 或者,基於十種意義而被釋迦牟尼為弟子所規定的十種戒律,前面提到的第一類戒律的解釋中,「在那兒,僧團的和諧是指僧團的良好狀態,如「非常好,天神」所提到的那樣,接受「非常好,尊者」的言辭的人,長久以來將獲得利益與快樂,因此,僧團的「非常好,尊者」的言辭的接受目的在於顯示不接受的劣勢,接受的利益」,以此為目的而說明的,基於「僧團的和諧」所提到的,因而在這裡十次的到來,基於意義的百和法的百應被理解。 現在,基於意義的解釋的語句應被理解為語句的百,基於法的解釋的語句應被理解為語句的百,基於意義的百的知識的百,法的百的知識的百,在這兩個語句的百中,有兩個知識的百,因此應理解四個知識的百。 「意義的百,法的百,兩個語句的百;四個知識的百,在意義的解釋中。」 因此所說的,基於此被提到。 因此,關於《廣大戒律》的解釋已完成。 關於第一篇的集結 在七個城市中,所規定的戒律的解釋已完成。

335.Ekaṃsaṃcīvaraṃ katvāti ekasmiṃ aṃsakūṭe cīvaraṃ katvā; sādhukaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ katvāti attho. Paggaṇhitvāna añjalinti dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjaliṃ ukkhipitvā. Āsīsamānarūpo vāti paccāsīsamānarūpo viya. Kissa tvaṃ idha māgatoti kena kāraṇena kimatthaṃ patthayamāno tvaṃ idha āgato. Ko evamāha? Sammāsambuddho. Kaṃ evamāha? Āyasmantaṃ upāliṃ. Iti āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā 『『dvīsu vinayesū』』ti imaṃ gāthaṃ pucchi. Athassa bhagavā 『『bhaddako te ummaṅgo』』tiādīni vatvā taṃ vissajjesi. Esa nayo sabbattha. Iti ime sabbapañhe buddhakāle upālitthero pucchi. Bhagavā byākāsi. Saṅgītikāle pana mahākassapatthero pucchi. Upālitthero byākāsi.

Tattha bhaddako te ummaṅgoti bhaddakā te pañhā; pañhā hi avijjandhakārato ummujjitvā ṭhitattā 『『ummaṅgo』』ti vuccati. Tagghāti kāraṇatthe nipāto. Yasmā maṃ pucchasi, tasmā te ahamakkhissanti attho. Sampaṭicchanatthe vā, 『『tagghā』』ti hi iminā vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā akkhissanti āha. 『『Samādahitvā visibbenti, sāmisena, sasitthaka』』nti imāni tīṇiyeva sikkhāpadāni bhaggesu paññattāni.

Catuvipattivaṇṇanā

336.Yaṃ taṃ pucchimhāti yaṃ tvaṃ apucchimhā. Akittayīti abhāsi. Noti amhākaṃ . Taṃ taṃ byākatanti yaṃ yaṃ puṭṭhaṃ, taṃ tadeva byākataṃ. Anaññathāti aññathā akatvā byākataṃ.

Ye duṭṭhullā sā sīlavipattīti ettha kiñcāpi sīlavipatti nāma pañhe natthi, atha kho duṭṭhullaṃ vissajjetukāmatāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Catūsu hi vipattīsu duṭṭhullaṃ ekāya vipattiyā saṅgahitaṃ, aduṭṭhullaṃ tīhi vipattīhi saṅgahitaṃ. Tasmā 『『ye duṭṭhullā sā sīlavipattī』』ti vatvā tameva vitthārato dassetuṃ 『『pārājikaṃ saṅghādiseso sīlavipattīti vuccatī』』ti āha.

Idāni tissannaṃ vipattīnaṃ vasena aduṭṭhullaṃ dassetuṃ 『『thullaccaya』』ntiādimāha. Tattha yo cāyaṃ, akkosati hasādhippāyoti idaṃ dubbhāsitassa vatthudassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ.

Abbhācikkhantīti 『『tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī』』ti vadantā abbhācikkhanti.

Ayaṃ sā ājīvavipattisammatāti ayaṃ chahi sikkhāpadehi saṅgahitā ājīvavipatti nāma catutthā vipatti sammatāti ettāvatā 『『aduṭṭhulla』』nti idaṃ vissajjitaṃ hoti.

Idāni 『『ye ca yāvatatiyakā』』ti pañhaṃ vissajjetuṃ 『『ekādasā』』tiādimāha.

Chedanakādivaṇṇanā

將衣服披在一側:在一側肩部披上衣服;意思是妥善地披上上衣。 舉起雙手合掌:舉起十指指尖相連、閃耀的合掌。 像是正在面對的樣子:彷彿正面對的樣子。 "你為何來此?":出於什麼原因,懷著什麼目的你來到此處? 誰這樣說?佛陀。 問誰?問優波離尊者。 優波離尊者拜見世尊后,詢問了"在兩種戒律中"這首偈。 世尊說"你的問題很美妙"等,並予以回答。 這一方式適用於所有情況。 這些所有問題都是在佛陀時代由優波離尊者詢問,佛陀予以解答。 在結集時期,大迦葉尊者詢問,優波離尊者予以解答。 在此,"你的問題很美妙"意指問題本身美妙;問題因從無知黑暗中浮現而被稱為"問題"。 "確實"是表示原因的語氣詞。 意思是:因為你問我,所以我將告訴你。 或者是表示接受的意思,即通過說"確實"來表示接受並回答。 "專注后散佈,有意圖,有教導"這三種戒律是在破壞者中制定的。 這是關於四種缺陷的解釋。 "我沒有問你":你沒有問我。 "宣說":陳述。 "不是":不是我們的。 "已回答":被問到什麼,就回答什麼。 "不另作他解":未作其他解釋地回答。 關於"嚴重的戒律缺陷":雖然戒律缺陷在問題中並不存在,但是爲了解釋嚴重的問題而說。 在四種缺陷中,嚴重的被一種缺陷包含,不嚴重的被三種缺陷包含。 因此說"嚴重的是戒律缺陷",併爲詳細說明,進一步解釋"波羅夷、僧殘被稱為戒律缺陷"。 現在為展示三種缺陷中的不嚴重者,說"輕微違犯"等。 其中,"誰在誹謗,帶著嘲笑的意圖"是爲了說明不當言論的情況。 "誹謗":說"我理解世尊所示的法"。 這被認為是生活方式的第四種缺陷,被六種戒律所包含。 現在為回答"直到第三次"的問題,說"十一"等。 關於切除等的解釋。

  1. Yasmā pana 『『ye ca yāvatatiyakā』』ti ayaṃ pañho 『『ekādasa yāvatatiyakā』』ti evaṃ saṅkhāvasena vissajjito, tasmā saṅkhānusandhivaseneva 『『kati chedanakānī』』tiādike aññe antarāpañhe pucchi. Tesaṃ vissajjanatthaṃ 『『cha chedanakānī』』tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha 『『ekaṃ bhedanakaṃ, ekaṃ uddālanakaṃ, sodasa jānanti paññattā』』ti idameva apubbaṃ. Sesaṃ mahāvagge vibhattameva. Yaṃ panetaṃ apubbaṃ tattha ekaṃ bhedanakanti sūcigharaṃ. Ekaṃ uddālanakanti tūlonaddhamañcapīṭhaṃ. Sodasāti soḷasa. Jānanti paññattāti 『『jāna』』nti evaṃ vatvā paññattā, te evaṃ veditabbā – 『『jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ attano pariṇāmeyya, jānaṃ pubbupagataṃ bhikkhuṃ anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappeyya, jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ tiṇaṃ vā mattikaṃ vā siñceyya vā siñcāpeyya vā, jānaṃ bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjeyya, jānaṃ āsādanāpekkho bhuttasmiṃ pācittiyaṃ, jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ paribhuñjeyya, jānaṃ yathādhammaṃ nihatādhikaraṇaṃ, jānaṃ duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ paṭicchādeyya, jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādeyya, jānaṃ theyyasatthena saddhiṃ, jānaṃ tathāvādinā bhikkhunā akatānudhammena, jānaṃ tathānāsitaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ, jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ puggalassa pariṇāmeyya, jānaṃ pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ bhikkhuniṃ neva attanā paṭicodeyya, jānaṃ coriṃ vajjhaṃ viditaṃ anapaloketvā, jānaṃ sabhikkhukaṃ ārāmaṃ anāpucchā paviseyyā』』ti.

Asādhāraṇādivaṇṇanā

因為"直到第三次"這個問題是按照數量"十一直到第三次"的方式回答的,所以按照數量的連貫性,他又問了其他中間的問題,如"有多少切除"等。爲了回答這些問題,說"有六種切除"等。 在這裡,"一種破壞,一種拆除,十六種被認為被制定",這是前所未有的。其餘部分在大品中已詳細闡述。 那個前所未有的是:一種破壞是針線房。一種拆除是被布覆蓋的床或座椅。十六是指十六。"被認為知道"是指說"知道"並被制定,這些應被理解如下: "知道僧團的利益已轉變,可以轉變給自己; 知道已經離開的比丘,可以侵佔他的座位; 知道有生命的水、草或泥土,可以澆或使人澆; 知道由比丘尼準備的食物,可以食用; 知道在用餐時有意圖接近,犯波逸提罪; 知道使用有生命的水; 知道按正法解決爭端; 知道隱藏嚴重的違犯; 知道可以剃度不滿二十歲的人; 知道與盜賊同行; 知道與不如法的比丘同行; 知道如此摧毀沙彌; 知道將僧團的利益轉給個人; 知道被波羅夷法所攝持的比丘尼,自己不加以指責; 知道被判處死刑的盜賊,未經同意; 知道在未經允許的情況下進入有比丘的寺院。" 關於非共通等的解釋。

  1. Idāni 『『sādhāraṇaṃ asādhāraṇa』』nti imaṃ purimapañhaṃ vissajjento 『『vīsaṃ dve satānī』』tiādimāha. Tattha bhikkhunīhi asādhāraṇesu cha saṅghādisesāti vissaṭṭhi, kāyasaṃsaggo, duṭṭhullaṃ, attakāma, kuṭi, vihāroti. Dve aniyatehi aṭṭhāti dvīhi aniyatehi saddhiṃ aṭṭha ime.

Nissaggiyāni dvādasāti –

Dhovanañca paṭiggaho, koseyyasuddhadvebhāgā;

Chabbassāni nisīdanaṃ, dve lomā paṭhamo patto;

Vassikā āraññakena cāti – ime dvādasa.

Dvevīsati khuddakāti –

Sakalo bhikkhunīvaggo, paramparañca bhojanaṃ;

Anatirittaṃ abhihaṭaṃ, paṇītañca acelakaṃ;

Ūnaṃ duṭṭhullachādanaṃ.

Mātugāmena saddhiñca, yā ca anikkhantarājake;

Santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā, vikāle gāmappavesanā.

Nisīdane ca yā sikkhā, vassikā yā ca sāṭikā;

Dvāvīsati imā sikkhā, khuddakesu pakāsitāti.

Bhikkhūhi asādhāraṇesupi saṅghamhā dasa nissareti 『『saṅghamhā nissārīyatī』』ti evaṃ vibhaṅge vuttā, mātikāyaṃ pana 『『nissāraṇīyaṃ saṅghādisesa』』nti evaṃ āgatā dasa. Nissaggiyāni dvādasāti bhikkhunivibhaṅge vibhattāni nissaggiyāneva. Khuddakāpi tattha vibhattakhuddakā eva. Tathā cattāro pāṭidesanīyā, iti satañceva tiṃsañca sikkhā vibhaṅge bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūhi asādhāraṇā. Sesaṃ imasmiṃ sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇavissajjane uttānameva.

Idāni vipattiyo ca 『『yehi samathehi sammantī』』ti idaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento aṭṭheva pārājikātiādimāha. Tattha durāsadāti iminā tesaṃ sappaṭibhayataṃ dasseti. Kaṇhasappādayo viya hi ete durāsadā durūpagamanā durāsajjanā, āpajjiyamānā mūlacchedāya saṃvattanti. Tālavatthusamūpamāti sabbaṃ tālaṃ uddharitvā tālassa vatthumattakaraṇena samūpamā. Yathā vatthumattakato tālo na puna pākatiko hoti, evaṃ na puna pākatikā honti.

Evaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ upamaṃ dassetvā puna ekekassa vuttaṃ upamaṃ dassento paṇḍupalāsotiādimāha. Aviruḷhī bhavanti teti yathā ete paṇḍupalāsādayo punaharitādibhāvena aviruḷhidhammā honti; evaṃ pārājikāpi puna pakatisīlābhāvena aviruḷhidhammā hontīti attho. Ettāvatā 『『vipattiyo ca yehi samathehi sammantī』』ti ettha imā tāva aṭṭha pārājikavipattiyo kehici samathehi na sammantīti evaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Yā pana vipattiyo sammanti, tā dassetuṃ tevīsati saṅghādisesātiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha tīhi samathehīti sabbasaṅgāhikavacanametaṃ. Saṅghādisesā hi dvīhi samathehi sammanti, na tiṇavatthārakena. Sesā tīhipi sammanti.

現在爲了回答"共通與非共通"的前一個問題,說"二十二百"等。 在此,比丘尼的非共通有六種僧殘:散佈、身體接觸、嚴重違犯、自我滿足、小屋、住處。與兩種不定有八種。 十二種應捨棄的: "洗滌與接受,綢緞純凈二部分; 六年坐墊,兩種毛髮第一衣; 雨季與林居者"——這十二種。 二十二種輕微的: "全部比丘尼群,連續飲食; 未超過、未帶來、精美與無衣; 不足、嚴重遮蓋; 與女人共同,未出王城; 未經同意見比丘,夜晚進村; 坐墊學處,雨季與衣服"。 這二十二種在輕微學處中宣說。 比丘的非共通中,從僧團中驅逐十種,如在解釋中說"從僧團驅逐",在摘要中說"應驅逐的僧殘"。 十二種應捨棄的是比丘尼部分中詳細說明的應捨棄。輕微的也是在那裡詳細說明的輕微者。同樣,四種應悔過,因此一百三十種學處在解釋中是比丘尼與比丘非共通的。其餘在此共通與非共通的回答中很明顯。 現在為回答"以何種平息被平息"的問題,說"八種波羅夷"等。 在此,"難以對付"表明它們是可畏的。像黑蛇等一樣,這些是難以接近、難以靠近、難以征服的,一旦發生就會導致根本切斷。 "如同棕櫚樹的基礎":完全拔起棕櫚樹,僅留基礎。就像基礎處的棕櫚樹不再恢復原狀,這些也不再恢復原狀。 如此展示共通的比喻后,爲了展示每個的比喻,說"枯黃葉"等。 "不再生長":就像這些枯黃葉等不再變綠;波羅夷也同樣不再恢復正常戒行。 通過這一點,已經顯示了八種波羅夷不能被任何平息方法所平息。 關於可以平息的缺陷,說"二十三僧殘"等。在此,"以三種平息方法"是包括所有的說法。僧殘確實可以用兩種平息方法,而非用草覆蓋方法。其餘的可以用三種方法平息。

Dve uposathā dve pavāraṇāti idaṃ bhikkhūnañca bhikkhunīnañca vasena vuttaṃ. Vibhattimattadassaneneva cetaṃ vuttaṃ, na samathehi vūpasamanavasena. Bhikkhuuposatho, bhikkhuniuposatho, bhikkhupavāraṇā, bhikkhunipavāraṇāti imāpi hi catasso vibhattiyo ; vibhajanānīti attho. Cattāri kammānīti adhammenavaggādīni uposathakammāni. Pañceva uddesā caturo bhavanti anaññathāti bhikkhūnaṃ pañca uddesā bhikkhunīnaṃ caturo bhavanti, aññathā na bhavanti; imā aparāpi vibhattiyo. Āpattikkhandhā ca bhavanti satta, adhikaraṇāni cattārīti imā pana vibhattiyo samathehi sammanti, tasmā sattahi samathehītiādimāha. Atha vā 『『dve uposathā dve pavāraṇā cattāri kammāni pañceva uddesā caturo bhavanti, anaññathā』』ti imāpi catasso vibhattiyo nissāya 『『nassantete vinassantete』』tiādinā nayena yā āpattiyo āpajjanti, tā yasmā vuttappakāreheva samathehi sammanti, tasmā taṃmūlakānaṃ āpattīnaṃ samathadassanatthampi tā vibhattiyo vuttāti veditabbā. Kiccaṃ ekenāti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ ekena samathena sammati.

Pārājikādiāpattivaṇṇanā

兩個戒期、兩個告白:這是針對比丘和比丘尼所說的。通過僅僅展示分類而已,並非通過平息的方式。比丘戒期、比丘尼戒期、比丘告白、比丘尼告白,這四項也是分類;其意為分類。四種行為:如不正當的類別等的戒期行為。五個與之相關的,四個屬於比丘,五個屬於比丘尼,除此之外不再有;這些是其他分類。也有七種違犯的類別,四種相關事項;這些分類通過平息而相應,因此說"七種平息"等。或者說"兩個戒期、兩個告白、四種行為,五個相關的,四個屬於比丘,除此之外";這些四項分類基於"不再存在、不再消失"等的方式,所述的違犯是因其所述的方式而平息,因此這些分類也應被視為爲了展示平息的目的而說的。通過一個行為的必要性:通過一個平息的行為而相應。 關於波羅夷等的違犯的解釋。

  1. Evaṃ pucchānukkamena sabbapañhe vissajjetvā idāni 『『āpattikkhandhā ca bhavanti sattā』』ti ettha saṅgahitaāpattikkhandhānaṃ paccekaṃ nibbacanamattaṃ dassento pārājikantiādimāha. Tattha pārājikanti gāthāya ayamattho – yadidaṃ puggalāpattisikkhāpadapārājikesu āpattipārājikaṃ nāma vuttaṃ, taṃ āpajjanto puggalo yasmā parājito parājayamāpanno saddhammā cuto paraddho bhaṭṭho niraṅkato ca hoti, anihate tasmiṃ puggale puna uposathappavāraṇādibhedo saṃvāso natthi. Tenetaṃ iti vuccatīti tena kāraṇena etaṃ āpattipārājikanti vuccati. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – yasmā parājito hoti tena, tasmā etaṃ pārājikanti vuccati.

Dutiyagāthāyapi byañjanaṃ anādiyitvā atthamattameva dassetuṃ saṅghova deti parivāsantiādi vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha attho – imaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā vuṭṭhātukāmassa yaṃ taṃ āpattivuṭṭhānaṃ tassa ādimhi ceva parivāsadānatthāya ādito sese majjhe mānattadānatthāya mūlāyapaṭikassanena vā saha mānattadānatthāya, avasāne abbhānatthāya ca saṅgho icchitabbo, na hettha ekampi kammaṃ vinā saṅghena sakkā kātunti saṅgho, ādimhi ceva sese ca icchitabbo assāti saṅghādiseso.

Tatiyagāthāya aniyato na niyatoti yasmā na niyato, tasmā aniyato ayamāpattikkhandhoti attho. Kiṃ kāraṇā na niyatoti? Anekaṃsikataṃpadaṃ, yasmā idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ anekaṃsena katanti attho. Kathaṃ anekaṃsena? Tiṇṇamaññataraṃ ṭhānaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ aññatarena kāretabboti hi tattha vuttaṃ, tasmā 『『aniyato』』ti pavuccati, so āpattikkhandho aniyatoti vuccati. Yathā ca tiṇṇaṃ aññataraṃ ṭhānaṃ, evaṃ dvinnaṃ dhammānaṃ aññataraṃ ṭhānaṃ yattha vuttaṃ, sopi aniyato eva.

Catutthagāthāya accayo tena samo natthīti desanāgāminīsu accayesu tena samo thūlo accayo natthi, tenetaṃ iti vuccati; thūlattā accayassa etaṃ thullaccayanti vuccatīti attho.

Pañcamagāthāya nissajjitvāna deseti tenetanti nissajjitvā desetabbato nissaggiyanti vuccatīti attho.

Chaṭṭhagāthāya pāteti kusalaṃ dhammanti sañcicca āpajjantassa kusaladhammasaṅkhātaṃ kusalacittaṃ pāteti, tasmā pāteti cittanti pācittiyaṃ. Yaṃ pana cittaṃ pāteti, taṃ yasmā ariyamaggaṃ aparajjhati, cittasammohakāraṇañca hoti, tasmā 『『ariyamaggaṃ aparajjhati, cittasammohanaṭṭhāna』』nti ca vuttaṃ.

Pāṭidesanīyagāthāsu 『『gārayhaṃ āvuso dhammaṃ āpajji』』nti vuttagārayhabhāvakāraṇadassanatthameva bhikkhu aññātako santotiādi vuttaṃ. Paṭidesetabbato pana sā āpatti pāṭidesanīyāti vuccati.

Dukkaṭagāthāya aparaddhaṃ viraddhañca khalitanti sabbametaṃ 『『yañca dukkaṭa』』nti ettha vuttassa dukkaṭassa pariyāyavacanaṃ. Yañhi duṭṭhu kataṃ virūpaṃ vā kataṃ, taṃ dukkaṭaṃ. Taṃ panetaṃ yathā satthārā vuttaṃ; evaṃ akatattā aparaddhaṃ, kusalaṃ virajjhitvā pavattattā viraddhaṃ, ariyavattapaṭipadaṃ anāruḷhattā khalitaṃ. Yaṃ manusso kareti idaṃ panassa opammanidassanaṃ. Tassattho – yathā hi yaṃ loke manusso āvi vā yadi vā raho pāpaṃ karoti, taṃ dukkaṭanti pavedenti; evamidampi buddhappaṭikuṭṭhena lāmakabhāvena pāpaṃ, tasmā dukkaṭanti veditabbaṃ.

如此逐步回答所有問題,現在說「也有七種違犯的類別」時,旨在展示集合的違犯類別的個別解釋,提到波羅夷等。這裡波羅夷的意思是:這段詩的意思是——即在個人違犯的戒律中,稱為違犯波羅夷,若個人犯了此戒,則他將被視為被擊敗,失去正法,失去信仰,成為無依無靠者。在這種情況下,該個人不再有戒期、告白等的集會。因此,這被稱為「因此稱為違犯波羅夷」。這裡的總結意思是:由於被擊敗,因此稱為波羅夷。 在第二段詩中,去掉修飾,單純展示其意義,提到僧團給予的集會等。這裡的意思是:若犯了此違犯而想要離開,所需的違犯解除,旨在給予集會的起始,及其餘的在中間的給予,或者爲了給予在結束時的集會,僧團應被期望,沒有任何行為可在沒有僧團的情況下完成,因此在起始和其餘的情況下應被期望。 在第三段詩中,因不確定而非確定,因而稱為不確定的違犯類別。為何不確定?因其是多方面的,因這條戒律是以多方面的方式進行的。如何以多方面的方式?如同三種草的不同處所,任意一種法都應被執行,因此稱為「不確定」,所以這違犯類別被稱為不確定。就像三種法的不同處所一樣,二種法的不同處所也同樣不確定。 在第四段詩中,因沒有相同的損失,故此說在教法中沒有損失,因而稱之為;因其粗重,故此稱為粗重的損失。 在第五段詩中,因放棄而說,因此放棄后應被稱為放棄。 在第六段詩中,因思維善法而說,思維善法的稱謂,因而思維善法的意識被引導,因此說「思維善法的意識」。而思維的意識因不違背聖道而被稱為「未犯聖道,因思維的障礙」。 在關於應悔過的詩句中,提到「我犯了不應犯的法」,這是爲了展示犯錯的原因。由於應悔過,因此稱為應悔過的違犯。 在關於不善的詩句中,提到「犯了不善的」,所有這些都是「所說的不善」的同義詞。即使是惡行或醜惡的行為,這都是不善。正如老師所說;因此因未做而稱為未犯,因放棄善法而稱為不善,因未升起聖道而稱為被拋棄。人所做的,這裡指的是比喻的意義。其意是:如同在世間,若人隱秘地做惡,那麼這便是不善;同樣,這也因佛陀的教導和卑劣的性質而被稱為不善,因此應被理解為不善。

Dubbhāsitagāthāya dubbhāsitaṃ durābhaṭṭhanti duṭṭhu ābhaṭṭhaṃ bhāsitaṃ lapitanti durābhaṭṭhaṃ. Yaṃ durābhaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ dubbhāsitanti attho. Kiñca bhiyyo? Saṃkiliṭṭhañca yaṃ padaṃ, saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ yasmā taṃ padaṃ hotīti attho. Tathā yañca viññū garahanti, yasmā ca naṃ viññū garahantīti attho. Tenetaṃ iti vuccatīti tena saṃkiliṭṭhabhāvena ca viññugarahanenāpi ca etaṃ iti vuccati; 『『dubbhāsita』』nti evaṃ vuccatīti attho.

Sekhiyagāthāya 『『ādi cetaṃ caraṇañcā』』tiādinā nayena sekhassa santakabhāvaṃ dīpeti. Tasmā sekhassa idaṃ sekhiyanti ayamettha saṅkhepattho. Idaṃ 『『garukalahukañcāpī』』tiādipañhehi asaṅgahitassa 『『handa vākyaṃ suṇoma te』』ti iminā pana āyācanavacanena saṅgahitassa atthassa dīpanatthaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

Channamativassatītiādimhipi eseva nayo. Tattha channamativassatīti gehaṃ tāva tiṇādīhi acchannaṃ ativassati. Idaṃ pana āpattisaṅkhātaṃ gehaṃ channaṃ ativassati; mūlāpattiñhi chādento aññaṃ navaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati. Vivaṭaṃ nātivassatīti gehaṃ tāva avivaṭaṃ succhannaṃ nātivassati. Idaṃ pana āpattisaṅkhātaṃ gehaṃ vivaṭaṃ nātivassati; mūlāpattiñhi vivaranto desanāgāminiṃ desetvā vuṭṭhānagāminito vuṭṭhahitvā suddhante patiṭṭhāti. Āyatiṃ saṃvaranto aññaṃ āpattiṃ nāpajjati. Tasmā channaṃ vivarethāti tena kāraṇena desanāgāminiṃ desento vuṭṭhānagāminito ca vuṭṭhahanto channaṃ vivaretha. Evaṃ taṃ nātivassatīti evañcetaṃ vivaṭaṃ nātivassatīti attho.

Gati migānaṃ pavananti ajjhokāse byagghādīhi paripātiyamānānaṃ migānaṃ pavanaṃ rukkhādigahanaṃ araññaṃ gati paṭisaraṇaṃ hoti, taṃ patvā te assāsanti. Eteneva nayena ākāso pakkhīnaṃ gati. Avassaṃ upagamanaṭṭhena pana vibhavo gati dhammānaṃ, sabbesampi saṅkhatadhammānaṃ vināsova tesaṃ gati. Na hi te vināsaṃ agacchantā ṭhātuṃ sakkonti. Sucirampi ṭhatvā pana nibbānaṃ arahato gati, khīṇāsavassa arahato anupādisesanibbānadhātu ekaṃsena gatīti attho.

Paṭhamagāthāsaṅgaṇikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Adhikaraṇabhedaṃ

Ukkoṭanabhedādivaṇṇanā

  1. Adhikaraṇabhede ime dasa ukkoṭāti adhikaraṇānaṃ ukkoṭetvā puna adhikaraṇaukkoṭena samathānaṃ ukkoṭaṃ dassetuṃ 『『vivādādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭetī』』tiādimāha. Tattha vivādādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento dve samathe ukkoṭetīti sammukhāvinayañca yebhuyyasikañca ime dve ukkoṭeti, paṭisedheti; paṭikkosatīti attho. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento cattāroti sammukhāvinayaṃ, sativinayaṃ, amūḷhavinayaṃ, tassapāpiyasikanti ime cattāro samathe ukkoṭeti. Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento tayoti sammukhāvinayaṃ, paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ, tiṇavatthārakanti ime tayo samathe ukkoṭeti. Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento ekanti sammukhāvinayaṃ imaṃ ekaṃ samathaṃ ukkoṭeti.

在關於惡語的詩句中,惡語意指說得不恰當、不正確。什麼是不正確?即說得不好,被錯誤地說出。其意是:凡是說得不恰當的,即為惡語。更進一步,什麼是更糟的?即被污染的語言,因為這個語言是被污染的。又如智者所責備的,因為智者責備它。因此被稱為如此,由於其被污染的性質和智者的責備,因此被稱為惡語。 在關於學習的詩句中,通過"這是修行的開始"等方式,顯示了學習者的本質。因此這是學習者的學習。這應被理解為爲了解釋未被包含在"輕重"等問題中的、通過"請聽我說"這一邀請語所包含的意義而說的。 在"遮蓋並下雨"等處也是同樣的道理。在這裡,"遮蓋並下雨"意指用茅草等遮蓋不嚴的房屋。但這裡指的是被稱為違犯的房屋被遮蓋;因為遮蓋最初的違犯時會犯下新的違犯。"未被揭開而不下雨"意指房屋未被揭開、被完全遮蓋。但這裡指的是被稱為違犯的房屋未被揭開;遮蓋最初的違犯時,宣示可導向教法的違犯,從可導向離開的狀態離開,最終安住。今後謹慎時不會犯新的違犯。因此說"應揭開遮蓋",通過這個原因,宣示可導向教法的違犯,並從可導向離開的狀態離開,應揭開遮蓋。這就是"不會下雨"的意思,即"未揭開不會下雨"。 動物的路徑意指在開闊地帶被老虎等追逐的動物,樹林是它們的庇護所,到達那裡它們就得到安息。同樣的道理,天空是鳥類的路徑。但從必定到達的意義上說,消散是諸法的路徑,對於一切有為法,其路徑就是消散。它們確實無法在不消散的情況下存在。然而,對於阿羅漢,即使長期存在,涅槃也是其路徑,對於已斷盡煩惱的阿羅漢,無餘涅槃界是其確定的路徑。 第一首詩的集體解釋結束。 關於仲裁的分類 關於驅逐等的解釋 340. 在仲裁的分類中,這十種驅逐是爲了展示通過仲裁驅逐的方式,說"驅逐爭議仲裁時驅逐幾種平息方法"等。在此,驅逐爭議仲裁時驅逐兩種平息方法,即面前仲裁和多數決定這兩種,即否定、拒絕。驅逐誹謗仲裁時驅逐四種:面前仲裁、念頭仲裁、無惑仲裁、使其更壞。驅逐違犯仲裁時驅逐三種:面前仲裁、認可的行為、草覆蓋。驅逐必要仲裁時驅逐一種:面前仲裁。

341.Kati ukkoṭātiādipucchānaṃ vissajjane pana dvādasasu ukkoṭesu akataṃ kammantiādayo tāva tayo ukkoṭā visesato dutiye anuvādādhikaraṇe labbhanti. Anihataṃ kammantiādayo tayo paṭhame vivādādhikaraṇe labbhanti. Avinicchitantiādayo tayo tatiye āpattādhikaraṇe labbhanti. Avūpasantantiādayo tayo catutthe kiccādhikaraṇe labbhanti; apica dvādasāpi ca ekekasmiṃ adhikaraṇe labbhantiyeva.

Tatthajātakaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭetīti yasmiṃ vihāre 『『mayhaṃ iminā patto gahito, cīvaraṃ gahita』』ntiādinā nayena pattacīvarādīnaṃ atthāya adhikaraṇaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva ca naṃ vihāre āvāsikā sannipatitvā 『『alaṃ āvuso』』ti attapaccatthike saññāpetvā pāḷimuttakavinicchayeneva vūpasamenti, idaṃ tatthajātakaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ nāma. Yenāpi vinicchayena samitaṃ, sopi eko samathoyeva. Imaṃ ukkoṭentassāpi pācittiyaṃ.

Tatthajātakaṃ vūpasantanti sace pana taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ nevāsikā vūpasametuṃ na sakkonti, athañño vinayadharo āgantvā 『『kiṃ āvuso imasmiṃ vihāre uposatho vā pavāraṇā vā ṭhitā』』ti pucchati, tehi ca tasmiṃ kāraṇe kathite taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ khandhakato ca parivārato ca suttena vinicchinitvā vūpasameti, idaṃ tatthajātakaṃ vūpasantaṃ nāma adhikaraṇaṃ. Etaṃ ukkoṭentassāpi pācittiyameva.

Antarāmaggeti te attapaccatthikā 『『na mayaṃ etassa vinicchaye tiṭṭhāma, nāyaṃ vinaye kusalo, asukasmiṃ nāma gāme vinayadharā therā vasanti, tattha gantvā vinicchinissāmā』』ti gacchantā antarāmaggeyeva kāraṇaṃ sallakkhetvā aññamaññaṃ vā saññāpenti, aññe vā te bhikkhū nijjhāpenti, idampi vūpasantameva hoti. Evaṃ vūpasantaṃ antarāmagge adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti yo, tassāpi pācittiyameva.

Antarāmagge vūpasantanti na heva kho pana aññamaññaṃ saññattiyā vā sabhāgabhikkhunijjhāpanena vā vūpasantaṃ hoti; apica kho paṭipathaṃ āgacchanto eko vinayadharo disvā 『『kattha āvuso gacchathā』』ti pucchitvā 『『asukaṃ nāma gāmaṃ, iminā nāma kāraṇenā』』ti vutte 『『alaṃ, āvuso, kiṃ tattha gatenā』』ti tattheva dhammena vinayena taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasameti, idaṃ antarāmagge vūpasantaṃ nāma. Etaṃ ukkoṭentassāpi pācittiyameva.

Tattha gatanti sace pana 『『alaṃ, āvuso, kiṃ tattha gatenā』』ti vuccamānāpi 『『mayaṃ tattheva gantvā vinicchayaṃ pāpessāmā』』ti vinayadharassa vacanaṃ anādiyitvā gacchantiyeva, gantvā sabhāgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocenti. Sabhāgā bhikkhū 『『alaṃ, āvuso, saṅghasannipātaṃ nāma garuka』』nti tattheva nisīdāpetvā vinicchinitvā saññāpenti, idampi vūpasantameva hoti. Evaṃ vūpasantaṃ tattha gataṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti yo, tassāpi pācittiyameva.

Tatthagataṃ vūpasantanti na heva kho pana sabhāgabhikkhūnaṃ saññattiyā vūpasantaṃ hoti; apica kho saṅghaṃ sannipātetvā ārocitaṃ saṅghamajjhe vinayadharā vūpasamenti, idaṃ tattha gataṃ vūpasantaṃ nāma. Etaṃ ukkoṭentassāpi pācittiyameva.

Sativinayanti khīṇāsavassa dinnaṃ sativinayaṃ ukkoṭeti, pācittiyameva. Ummattakassa dinne amūḷhavinaye pāpussannassa dinnāya tassapāpiyasikāyapi eseva nayo.

在回答"有多少種驅逐"的問題時,在十二種驅逐中,"未完成的行為"等三種驅逐特別出現在第二種誹謗仲裁中。"未被破壞的行為"等三種出現在第一種爭議仲裁中。"未裁決"等三種出現在第三種違犯仲裁中。"未平息"等三種出現在第四種必要仲裁中;此外,十二種驅逐都可以出現在每一種仲裁中。 在當地仲裁中,如果在某寺院因缽、衣等事項而產生仲裁,住在該寺的僧眾集會,勸說對方,並按照律藏的裁決予以平息,這就稱為當地仲裁。無論以何種方式平息,那都是一種平息方法。驅逐這種仲裁的人將犯波逸提罪。 當地仲裁被平息:如果住在寺院的僧眾無法平息該仲裁,而另一位通曉律藏者前來詢問:"諸位,這個寺院是否進行過戒期或告白?"當他們陳述了事由后,他根據律藏的章節和部分予以裁決並平息,這就稱為當地仲裁被平息。驅逐這種仲裁的人也將犯波逸提罪。 在途中:對方說:"我們不接受他的裁決,他不精通律法。在某某村有德高僧眾,我們將前往那裡裁決。"在途中他們權衡原因,相互勸說,或其他比丘加以調解,這也屬於被平息。驅逐在途中被平息的仲裁的人將犯波逸提罪。 在途中被平息:不僅僅是通過相互勸說或類似比丘的調解而被平息;而是在路上遇到一位通曉律藏者,詢問他們:"諸位往何處?"當得知是為某事前往某村時,他說:"夠了,諸位何必前往?"隨即以法和律予以平息,這就稱為在途中被平息。驅逐這種仲裁的人也將犯波逸提罪。 抵達當地:即使勸說"何必前往",他們仍堅持前往,抵達后告知同類比丘。同類比丘說:"諸位,僧團集會實屬嚴重。"遂在當地令其就座,裁決並勸說,這也屬於被平息。驅逐在當地被平息的仲裁的人將犯波逸提罪。 抵達當地被平息:不僅僅是通過同類比丘的調解而被平息;而是集會僧團並在僧團中由通曉律藏者予以平息,這就稱為抵達當地被平息。驅逐這種仲裁的人也將犯波逸提罪。 念頭仲裁:驅逐已授予無煩惱者的念頭仲裁,將犯波逸提罪。對於狂亂者授予的無惑仲裁,對於多疑者授予的使其更壞,亦是如此。

Tiṇavatthārakaṃukkoṭetīti saṅghena tiṇavatthārakasamathena vūpasamite adhikaraṇe 『『āpatti nāma ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā desiyamānā vuṭṭhāti, yaṃ panetaṃ niddāyantassāpi āpattivuṭṭhānaṃ nāma, etaṃ mayhaṃ na khamatī』』ti evaṃ vadantopi tiṇavatthārakaṃ ukkoṭeti nāma, tassāpi pācittiyameva.

Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭetīti vinayadharo hutvā attano upajjhāyādīnaṃ atthāya 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』tiādīni dīpetvā pubbe vinicchitaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ dvādasasu ukkoṭesu yena kenaci ukkoṭento chandāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti nāma. Dvīsu pana attapaccatthikesu ekasmiṃ 『『anatthaṃ me acarī』』tiādinā nayena samuppannāghāto, tassa parājayaṃ āropanatthaṃ 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』tiādīni dīpetvā pubbe vinicchitaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ dvādasasu ukkoṭesu yena kenaci ukkoṭento dosāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti nāma. Mando pana momūho momūhattā eva 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』tiādīni dīpetvā vuttanayeneva ukkoṭento mohāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti nāma. Sace pana dvīsu attapaccatthikesu eko visamāni kāyakammādīni gahanamicchādiṭṭhiṃ balavante ca pakkhantariye abhiññāte bhikkhū nissitattā visamanissito gahananissito balavanissito ca hoti, tassa bhayena 『『ayaṃ me jīvitantarāyaṃ vā brahmacariyantarāyaṃ vā kareyyā』』ti 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』tiādīni dīpetvā vuttanayeneva ukkoṭento bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti nāma.

Tadahupasampannoti eko sāmaṇero byatto hoti bahussuto, so vinicchaye parājayaṃ patvā maṅkubhūte bhikkhū disvā pucchati 『『kasmā maṅkubhūtātthā』』ti? Te tassa taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ārocenti. So te evaṃ vadeti 『『hotu, bhante, maṃ upasampādetha, ahaṃ taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessāmī』』ti . Te taṃ upasampādenti. So dutiyadivase bheriṃ paharitvā saṅghaṃ sannipāteti. Tato bhikkhūhi 『『kena saṅgho sannipātito』』ti vutte 『『mayā』』ti vadati. 『『Kasmā sannipātito』』ti? 『『Hiyyo adhikaraṇaṃ dubbinicchitaṃ, tamahaṃ vinicchinissāmī』』ti. 『『Tvaṃ pana hiyyo kuhiṃ gato』』ti? 『『Anupasampannomhi, bhante, ajja pana upasampannomhī』』ti. So vattabbo 『『idaṃ āvuso tumhādisānaṃ bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, 『tadahupasampanno ukkoṭeti, ukkoṭanakaṃ pācittiya』nti, gaccha āpattiṃ desehī』』ti. Āgantukepi eseva nayo.

Kārakoti ekaṃ saṅghena saddhiṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchinitvā pariveṇagataṃ parājitā bhikkhū vadanti 『『kissa, bhante, tumhehi evaṃ vinicchitaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ, nanu evaṃ vinicchinitabba』』nti. So 『『kasmā paṭhamaṃyeva evaṃ na vaditthā』』ti taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti. Evaṃ yo kārako ukkoṭeti, tassāpi ukkoṭanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Chandadāyakoti eko adhikaraṇavinicchaye chandaṃ datvā sabhāge bhikkhū parājayaṃ patvā āgate maṅkubhūte disvā 『『sve dāni ahaṃ vinicchinissāmī』』ti saṅghaṃ sannipātetvā 『『kasmā sannipātesī』』ti vutte 『『hiyyo adhikaraṇaṃ dubbinicchitaṃ, tamahaṃ ajja vinicchinissāmī』』ti. 『『Hiyyo pana tvaṃ kattha gato』』ti. 『『Chandaṃ datvā nisinnomhī』』ti. So vattabbo 『『idaṃ āvuso tumhādisānaṃ bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, 『chandadāyako ukkoṭeti, ukkoṭanakaṃ pācittiya』nti, gaccha āpattiṃ desehī』』ti.

Adhikaraṇanidānādivaṇṇanā

Tiṇavatthārakaṃukkoṭetīti,若通過僧團的草墊平息仲裁,"若有一位比丘前來,坐下,雙手合十,聽到此時說『我無法忍受』"時,這就稱為草墊驅逐,儘管他們這樣說,草墊驅逐的人也將犯波逸提罪。 Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭetīti,作為律法持守者,爲了自身的上師等利益,描述"不法即法"等,驅逐先前已裁決的仲裁,任何人以任何方式驅逐,若是爲了追求慾望而驅逐仲裁,這就稱為慾望驅逐。若在兩個自我相關的情況下,以"我沒有做任何事"等方式發起的攻擊,爲了指責其失敗,描述"不法即法"等,驅逐先前已裁決的仲裁,任何人以任何方式驅逐,若是爲了追求憤怒而驅逐仲裁,這就稱為憤怒驅逐。愚笨者因愚昧而驅逐,描述"不法即法"等,亦是如此,驅逐為無明而驅逐仲裁。若在兩個自我相關的情況下,有一位比丘因執著于不正的行為等而產生強烈的執念,因而害怕"他可能會對我的生命或出家生活造成威脅",描述"不法即法"等,驅逐先前已裁決的仲裁,任何人以任何方式驅逐,若是爲了追求恐懼而驅逐仲裁,這就稱為恐懼驅逐。 Tadahupasampannoti,若一位小沙彌已被承認,且博學多聞,在裁決中遭到失敗,見到被輕視的比丘,便問道:"為何被輕視?"他們便向他說明該仲裁。於是他回答:"願意,尊者,請讓我被承認,我將平息這個仲裁。"他們便承認他。第二天,他敲響鼓聲,召集僧團。然後比丘們問道:"是誰召集的僧團?"他回答:"是我。"問道:"為何召集?"他說:"因為昨天的仲裁不明確,我將進行裁決。"問道:"你昨天去了哪裡?"他說:"我未被承認,尊者,但今天我已被承認。"他應當說:"這是尊者們為你們設定的戒律,『若已被承認者則驅逐,驅逐者犯波逸提』。來吧,說明你的違犯。"外來者也遵循同樣的規則。 Kārakoti,若與僧團一同裁決,裁決后被驅逐的比丘們問道:"尊者,你為何如此裁決?難道不應如此裁決嗎?"他便問道:"為何之前不這樣說?"這就稱為驅逐仲裁。如此,驅逐者也將犯波逸提罪。Chandadāyakoti,若在仲裁裁決中給予慾望,見到被輕視的比丘,便說道:"我明天將進行裁決。"在召集僧團后,問道:"為何召集?"他說:"因為昨天的仲裁不明確,我今天將進行裁決。"問道:"你昨天去了哪裡?"他說:"我因給予慾望而坐下。"他應當說:"這是尊者們為你們設定的戒律,『給予慾望者則驅逐,驅逐者犯波逸提』。來吧,說明你的違犯。" 關於仲裁的起因等的解釋。

342.Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānantiādīsu kiṃ nidānamassāti kiṃnidānaṃ. Ko samudayo assāti kiṃsamudayaṃ. Kā jāti assāti kiṃjātikaṃ. Ko pabhavo assāti kiṃpabhavaṃ. Ko sambhāro assāti kiṃsambhāraṃ. Kiṃ samuṭṭhānaṃ assāti kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ. Sabbānetāni kāraṇavevacanāniyeva.

Vivādanidānantiādīsupi aṭṭhārasabhedakaravatthusaṅkhāto vivādo nidānametassāti vivādanidānaṃ. Vivādaṃ nissāya uppajjanakavivādavasenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Anuvādo nidānaṃ assāti anuvādanidānaṃ. Idampi anuvādaṃ nissāya uppajjanakaanuvādavasena vuttaṃ. Āpatti nidānaṃ assāti āpattinidānaṃ. Āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā catasso āpattiyo āpajjatīti evaṃ āpattiṃ nissāya uppajjanakaāpattivasenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiccayaṃ nidānamassāti kiccayanidānaṃ; catubbidhaṃ saṅghakammaṃ kāraṇamassāti attho. Ukkhittānuvattikāya bhikkhuniyā yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanādīnaṃ kiccaṃ nissāya uppajjanakakiccānaṃ vasenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ catunnampi adhikaraṇānaṃ vissajjanapakkhe ekapadayojanā. Etenānusārena sabbapadāni yojetabbāni.

Dutiyapucchāya hetunidānantiādimhi vissajjane navannaṃ kusalākusalābyākatahetūnaṃ vasena hetunidānāditā veditabbā. Tatiyapucchāya vissajjane byañjanamattaṃ nānaṃ. Hetuyeva hi ettha paccayoti vutto.

  1. Mūlapucchāya vissajjane dvādasa mūlānīti kodhaupanāhayugaḷakādīni cha vivādāmūlāni, lobhadosamohā tayo, alobhādosāmohā tayoti imāni ajjhattasantānappavattāni dvādasa mūlāni. Cuddasa mūlānīti tāneva dvādasa kāyavācāhi saddhiṃ cuddasa honti. Cha mūlānīti kāyādīni cha samuṭṭhānāni.

Samuṭṭhānapucchāya vissajjane aṭṭhārasa bhedakaravatthūni samuṭṭhānāni, tañhi etesu aṭṭhārasasu bhedakaravatthūsu samuṭṭhāti, etehi vā kāraṇabhūtehi samuṭṭhāti. Tenassetāni samuṭṭhānāni vuccanti. Esa nayo sabbattha.

344.Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ āpattītiādibhede ekena adhikaraṇena kiccādhikaraṇenāti idaṃ yena adhikaraṇena sammanti, taṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ, na panetāni ekaṃsato kiccādhikaraṇeneva sammanti. Na hi puggalassa santike desentassa kiccādhikaraṇaṃ nāma atthi.

Na katamena samathenāti sāvasesāpatti viya na sammati. Na hi sakkā sā desetuṃ, na tato vuṭṭhāya suddhante patiṭṭhātuṃ.

348.Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ hoti anuvādādhikaraṇantiādi nayo uttānoyeva.

  1. Tato paraṃ yattha sativinayotiādikā sammukhāvinayaṃ amuñcitvā cha yamakapucchā vuttā, tāsaṃ vissajjaneneva attho pakāsito.

  2. Saṃsaṭṭhādipucchānaṃ vissajjane saṃsaṭṭhāti sativinayakammavācākkhaṇasmiṃyeva dvinnampi samathānaṃ siddhattā sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā ime dhammā saṃsaṭṭhā, no visaṃsaṭṭhā. Yasmā pana kadalikkhandhe pattavaṭṭīnaṃ viya na sakkā tesaṃ vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṃ dassetuṃ, tena vuttaṃ 『『na ca labbhā imesaṃ dhammānaṃ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṃ paññāpetu』』nti. Esa nayo sabbattha.

Sattasamathanidānavaṇṇanā

關於"爭議仲裁的根源是什麼"等問題,其根源是什麼?什麼是根源。其起源是什麼?什麼是起源。其本質是什麼?什麼是本質。其源頭是什麼?什麼是源頭。其組成是什麼?什麼是組成。其產生是什麼?什麼是產生。這些都是因果的說法。 在"爭議根源"等處,十八種分歧事項所稱的爭議是其根源。這是根據與爭議相關而產生的爭議而說的。誹謗的根源是什麼?誹謗根源。這也是根據與誹謗相關而產生的誹謗而說的。違犯的根源是什麼?違犯根源。這是根據因違犯仲裁而犯四種違犯而說的。必要事項的根源是什麼?必要事項根源;意指四種僧團事務的原因。根據被驅逐比丘尼直到第三次勸告等必要事項而產生的必要事項而說。這是四種仲裁在解答方面的一個詞語解釋。按照這個順序,所有詞語都應該連線。 在第二個問題的回答中,根據九種善、不善、無記因,應理解根源等。在第三個問題的回答中,只是字面上的不同。因為在這裡,原因就是條件。 在根本問題的回答中,十二個根源:包括嗔恨、怨恨等六個爭議根源,貪、瞋、癡三個,無貪、無瞋、無癡三個,這些是發生在內心的十二個根源。十四個根源:這十二個再加上身語,就成為十四個。六個根源:身等六個產生。 在產生問題的回答中,十八種分歧事項是產生,因為它在這十八種分歧事項中產生,或者由這些作為原因而產生。因此稱之為產生。這一規則處處適用。 "爭議仲裁是違犯"等分類中,通過一種仲裁,即必要仲裁,這是爲了顯示通過哪種仲裁予以平息,但並非總是通過必要仲裁平息。因為在個人面前宣說時,並不存在必要仲裁。 不是通過哪種平息方法:與有殘留違犯不同,不能被平息。不能宣說,也不能從中脫離並最終安住。 "爭議仲裁是誹謗仲裁"等規則是顯而易見的。 此後,從"念頭仲裁"等,除了面前仲裁外,還有六個對偶問題,通過其解答來闡明意義。 在混合等問題的回答中,混合是因為在念頭仲裁和儀式詞的瞬間,兩種平息方法已經成立,所以面前仲裁或念頭仲裁這些法是混合的,而非分離的。因為就像香蕉樹幹中的竹筏一樣,不能將它們完全分開並顯示其不同,所以說"不能將這些法分開並顯示其不同"。這一規則處處適用。 七種平息方法根源的解釋。

352.Kiṃnidānoti pucchāvissajjane nidānaṃ nidānamassāti nidānanidāno. Tattha saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatāti idaṃ sammukhāvinayassa nidānaṃ. Sativepullapatto khīṇāsavo laddhupavādo sativinayassa nidānaṃ. Ummattako bhikkhu amūḷhavinayassa nidānaṃ. Yo ca deseti, yassa ca deseti, ubhinnaṃ sammukhībhāvo paṭiññātakaraṇassa nidānaṃ. Bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ asakkuṇeyyatā yebhuyyasikāya nidānaṃ. Pāpussanno puggalo tassapāpiyasikāya nidānaṃ. Bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ bahu assāmaṇakaajjhācāro tiṇavatthārakassa nidānaṃ. Hetupaccayavārā vuttanayā eva.

  1. Mūlapucchāya vissajjanaṃ uttānameva. Samuṭṭhānapucchāya kiñcāpi 『『sattannaṃ samathānaṃ katame chattiṃsa samuṭṭhānā』』ti vuttaṃ, sammukhāvinayassa pana kammasaṅgahābhāvena samuṭṭhānābhāvato channaṃyeva samathānaṃ cha samuṭṭhānāni vibhattāni. Tattha kammassa kiriyāti ñatti veditabbā. Karaṇanti tassāyeva ñattiyā ṭhapetabbakāle ṭhapanaṃ. Upagamananti sayaṃ upagamanaṃ; attanāyeva tassa kammassa karaṇanti attho. Ajjhupagamananti ajjhesanupagamanaṃ; aññaṃ saddhivihārikādikaṃ 『『idaṃ kammaṃ karohī』』ti ajjhesananti attho. Adhivāsanāti 『『ruccati me etaṃ, karotu saṅgho』』ti evaṃ adhivāsanā; chandadānanti attho. Appaṭikkosanāti 『『na metaṃ khamati, mā evaṃ karothā』』ti appaṭisedhanā. Iti channaṃ chakkānaṃ vasena chattiṃsa samuṭṭhānā veditabbā.

Sattasamathanānātthādivaṇṇanā

  1. Nānātthapucchāvissajjanaṃ uttānameva. Adhikaraṇapucchāvissajjane ayaṃ vivādo no adhikaraṇanti ayaṃ mātāputtādīnaṃ vivādo viruddhavādattā vivādo nāma hoti, samathehi pana adhikaraṇīyatāya abhāvato adhikaraṇaṃ na hoti. Anuvādādīsupi eseva nayo. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Adhikaraṇabhedavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikaṃ

Codanādipucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā

"根源是什麼"的提問,在回答中,根源是根源的根源。在這裡,僧團的面前、法的面前、律的面前、個人的面前,這都是面前律的根源。持有心念的比丘,已證得無漏,獲得了良好的聲譽,這是心念律的根源。狂妄的比丘,是無惑律的根源。誰在宣說,誰在接受,二者的面前承認,是承認的根源。因貪慾而產生的事物,無法平息的原因,是以大多數為根源。作惡的個人,是其惡因的根源。因貪慾而產生的事物,具有很多不正行為,這是草墊驅逐的根源。因果條件的分類如是說。 在根本問題的回答中,直接說明。關於產生問題,雖然說"七種平息中有哪些六種產生",但因面前律的行為相互關聯,產生的存在則只有六種。這裡的"行為的性質"應被理解為行為的性質。"作為"是指在制定時的性質。 "接近"是指自己接近;即是說通過自己來進行該行為的意思。"請求"是指請求他人進行的接近;例如向其他修道者等請求"請做這個行為"的意思。"承諾"是指"我喜歡這個,請讓僧團去做"的承諾;即是給予慾望的意思。"輕微的禁止"是指"這不可忍受,請不要這樣做"的輕微禁止。因此,六種平息的基礎上應理解為三十六種產生。 七種平息的多種意義等的解釋。 關於多種意義的問題,直接說明。在仲裁問題的回答中,這個爭議不是仲裁;因為這是母子等的爭議,因相互對立的說法而形成的爭議,但因無仲裁的存在而不形成仲裁。在誹謗等方面也是如此。其他的在所有地方都是直接說明的。 仲裁分類的解釋已完成。 第二首詩的總結。 關於勸導等問題的解釋。

  1. Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇiyaṃ codanāti vatthuñca āpattiñca dassetvā codanā. Sāraṇāti dosasāraṇā. Saṅgho kimatthāyāti saṅghasannipāto kimatthāya. Matikammaṃ pana kissa kāraṇāti matikammaṃ vuccati mantaggahaṇaṃ; taṃ kissa kāraṇāti attho.

Codanā sāraṇatthāyāti vuttappakārā codanā, tena cuditakapuggalena codakadosasāraṇatthāya. Niggahatthāya sāraṇāti dosasāraṇā pana tassa puggalassa niggahatthāya. Saṅgho pariggahatthāyāti tattha sannipatito saṅgho vinicchayapariggahaṇatthāya; dhammādhammaṃ tulanatthāya suvinicchitadubbinicchitaṃ jānanatthāyāti attho. Matikammaṃ pana pāṭiyekkanti suttantikattherānañca vinayadharattherānañca mantaggahaṇaṃ pāṭekkaṃ pāṭekkaṃ vinicchayasanniṭṭhāpanatthaṃ.

Mā kho paṭighanti cuditake vā codake vā kopaṃ mā janayi. Sace anuvijjako tuvanti sace tvaṃ saṅghamajjhe otiṇṇaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchituṃ nisinno vinayadharo.

Viggāhikanti 『『na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsī』』tiādinayappavattaṃ. Anatthasaṃhitanti yā anatthaṃ janayati, parisaṃ khobhetvā uṭṭhāpeti, evarūpiṃ kathaṃ mā abhaṇi. Sutte vinaye vātiādīsu suttaṃ nāma ubhatovibhaṅgo. Vinayo nāma khandhako. Anulomo nāma parivāro. Paññattaṃ nāma sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ. Anulomikaṃ nāma cattāro mahāpadesā.

Anuyogavattaṃnisāmayāti anuyuñjanavattaṃ nisāmehi. Kusalena buddhimatā katanti chekena paṇḍitena ñāṇapāramippattena bhagavatā nīharitvā ṭhapitaṃ. Suvuttanti supaññāpitaṃ. Sikkhāpadānulomikanti sikkhāpadānaṃ anulomaṃ. Ayaṃ tāva padattho, ayaṃ panettha sādhippāyasaṅkhepavaṇṇanā – 『『sace tvaṃ anuvijjako, mā sahasā bhaṇi, mā anatthasaṃhitaṃ viggāhikakathaṃ bhaṇi. Yaṃ pana kusalena buddhimatā lokanāthena etesu suttādīsu anuyogavattaṃ kathaṃ supaññattaṃ sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ anulomaṃ, taṃ nisāmaya taṃ upadhārehī』』ti. Gatiṃ na nāsento samparāyikanti attano samparāye sugatinibbattiṃ anāsento anuyogavattaṃ nisāmaya. Yo hi taṃ anisāmetvā anuyuñjati, so samparāyikaṃ attano gatiṃ nāseti, tasmā tvaṃ anāsento nisāmayāti attho. Idāni taṃ anuyogavattaṃ dassetuṃ hitesītiādimāha. Tattha hitesīti hitaṃ esanto gavesanto; mettañca mettāpubbabhāgañca upaṭṭhapetvāti attho. Kālenāti yuttapattakālena; ajjhesitakāleyeva tava bhāre kate anuyuñjāti attho.

Sahasā vohāraṃ mā padhāresīti yo etesaṃ sahasā vohāro hoti, sahasā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ mā padhāresi, mā gaṇhittha.

Paṭiññānusandhitena kārayeti ettha anusandhitanti kathānusandhi vuccati, tasmā paṭiññānusandhinā kāraye; kathānusandhiṃ sallakkhetvā paṭiññāya kārayeti attho. Atha vā paṭiññāya ca anusandhitena ca kāraye, lajjiṃ paṭiññāya kāraye; alajjiṃ vattānusandhināti attho. Tasmā eva paṭiññā lajjīsūti gāthamāha. Tattha vattānusandhitena kārayeti vattānusandhinā kāraye, yā assa vattena saddhiṃ paṭiññā sandhiyati, tāya paṭiññāya kārayeti attho.

Sañciccāti jānanto āpajjati. Parigūhatīti nigūhati na deseti na vuṭṭhāti.

Sā ahampi jānāmīti yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ, taṃ saccaṃ, ahampi naṃ evameva jānāmi. Aññañca tāhanti aññañca taṃ ahaṃ pucchāmi.

在第二首詩的總結中,勸導是指通過展示內容和違犯來進行勸導。引導是指引導過失。僧團的目的是什麼?僧團的聚集是爲了什麼?而"意圖"則是指意圖的含義;這是什麼原因呢? 勸導是爲了引導過失,因此對被勸導者進行過失的引導。爲了驅逐而引導則是指對該個人的驅逐。僧團的聚集是爲了明確判斷;爲了平衡法與非法,瞭解清楚已明確和未明確的事物的意義。意圖是指對經文和律法的逐條理解,逐條理解是指對每一條的逐一判斷。 不要因被勸導者或勸導者而引起憤怒。如果你是有智慧的,若你坐在僧團中,致力於判斷仲裁,保持冷靜。 "你不應說『你對此法與律沒有了解』"等言論是指不應說出這些話。那些產生不良後果的言論,擾亂了群體,令其起身,這種話不應說。關於經文與律法等,"經文"是指兩者的分開,"律法"是指條款,"順應"是指附屬的部分,"規定"是指整個律藏,"順應的"是指四個主要的教導。 關於順應的行為和安住,因善巧而獲得的智慧,由佛陀引導而建立。善說是指善於表達。關於修行的順應,是指與修行的原則相符合。這是詞義的解釋,而這裡是關於目的的概括——"如果你是有智慧的,不要急於發言,不要說出產生不良後果的勸導性言論。若是由善巧的智慧者所說的這些經文等,順應的行為是善於表達的,所有的修行原則都是順應的,這應當被理解並牢記。"不讓他失去未來的歸宿,意指不讓他失去良好的再生。若他不安住而隨意引導,則他不會失去未來的歸宿,因此你應當安住並理解。這是爲了顯示順應的行為而說的。 在這裡,"利益"是指尋求利益,持有慈悲心;同時保持慈悲的初始狀態。適時是指在合適的時間;在被請求時,你應當引導。 不要因突然的言辭而感到焦慮;若這些言辭是突然說出的,不要感到焦慮,不要去計較。 通過承諾的理解來進行行為,在這裡,理解是指言辭的理解,因此通過承諾的理解來進行行為;理解言辭后以承諾來進行行為。或者通過承諾和理解來進行行為,因承諾而感到羞愧;因不羞愧而進行言辭的理解。因此,正因如此,承諾應當是羞愧的。"在這裡,通過言辭的理解來進行行為,因言辭的理解而進行行為,依賴於與承諾相結合的理解,依賴於該承諾的理解來進行行為。 "知曉"是指了解而犯錯。被隱藏是指隱藏而不宣說、不離開。 "我也知道你們所說的,這是真的,我也正是如此瞭解。"我還會問你們其他的事情。

Pubbāparaṃna jānātīti purekathitañca pacchākathitañca na jānāti. Akovidoti tasmiṃ pubbāpare akusalo. Anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānātīti kathānusandhivacanaṃ vinicchayānusandhivacanañca na jānāti.

Sīlavipattiyā codetīti dvīhi āpattikkhandhehi codeti. Ācāradiṭṭhiyāti ācāravipattiyā ceva diṭṭhivipattiyā ca. Ācāravipattiyā codento pañcahāpattikkhandhehi codeti, diṭṭhivipattiyā codento micchādiṭṭhiyā ceva antaggāhikadiṭṭhiyā ca codeti. Ājīvenapi codetīti ājīvahetupaññattehi chahi sikkhāpadehi codeti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Codanākaṇḍaṃ

Anuvijjakakiccavaṇṇanā

360-361. Idāni evaṃ uppannāya codanāya vinayadharena kattabbakiccaṃ dassetuṃ anuvijjakenātiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha diṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhenāti gāthāya ayamattho – ekeneko mātugāmena saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhānato nikkhamanto vā pavisanto vā diṭṭho, so taṃ pārājikena codeti, itaro tassa dassanaṃ anujānāti. Taṃ pana dassanaṃ paṭicca pārājikaṃ na upeti, na paṭijānāti. Evamettha yaṃ tena diṭṭhaṃ, taṃ tassa 『『diṭṭho mayā』』ti iminā diṭṭhavacanena sameti. Yasmā pana itaro taṃ dassanaṃ paṭicca dosaṃ na paṭijānāti, tasmā asuddhaparisaṅkito hoti; amūlakaparisaṅkitoti attho. Tassa puggalassa 『『suddho aha』』nti paṭiññāya tena saddhiṃ uposatho kātabbo. Sesagāthādvayepi eseva nayo. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Anuvijjakakiccavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Codakapucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā

362-363.Codanāyako ādītiādipucchānaṃ vissajjane sacce ca akuppe cāti sacce patiṭṭhātabbaṃ akuppe ca. Yaṃ kataṃ vā na kataṃ vā, tadeva vattabbaṃ, na ca codake vā anuvijjake vā saṅghe vā kopo uppādetabbo. Otiṇṇānotiṇṇaṃ jānitabbanti otiṇṇañca anotiṇṇañca vacanaṃ jānitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ jānanavidhi – ettakā codakassa pubbakathā, ettakā pacchimakathā, ettakā cuditakassa pubbakathā, ettakā pacchimakathāti jānitabbā . Codakassa pamāṇaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ, cuditakassa pamāṇaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ, anuvijjakassa pamāṇaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ, anuvijjako appamattakampi ahāpento 『『āvuso samannāharitvā ujuṃ katvā āharā』』ti vattabbo, saṅghena evaṃ paṭipajjitabbaṃ. Yena dhammena yena vinayena yena satthusāsanena taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasammatīti ettha dhammoti bhūtaṃ vatthu. Vinayoti codanā ceva sāraṇā ca. Satthusāsananti ñattisampadā ceva anussāvanasampadā ca. Etena hi dhammena ca vinayena ca satthusāsanena ca adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamati, tasmā anuvijjakena bhūtena vatthunā codetvā āpattiṃ sāretvā ñattisampadāya ceva anussāvanasampadāya ca taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametabbaṃ, anuvijjakena evaṃ paṭipajjitabbaṃ. Sesamettha uttānameva.

Pubbāparaṃna jānātīti,過去所說和未來所說的他都不知道。Akovidoti,他在過去和未來的事情上是無能的。Anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānātīti,他不知道談話的推論和判斷的推論。 Sīlavipattiyā codetīti,他因二種違犯而進行勸導。Ācāradiṭṭhiyāti,因行為的違犯和見解的違犯。因行為的違犯而進行勸導時,他通過五種違犯進行勸導;因見解的違犯而進行勸導時,他通過邪見和邊緣見進行勸導。Ājīvenapi codetīti,他通過因生計的緣故而進行六種戒律的勸導。其他的在所有地方都是直接說明的。 第二首詩的總結已完成。 勸導部分 Anuvijjakakiccavaṇṇanā 360-361. 現在,爲了展示因勸導而應由持戒者做的事情,開始了關於有智慧者的討論。在這裡,"見到的見到"的意思是——與某位女眾一起,離開或進入同一處所的人,他因此而被視為被勸導者,另一方則允許他看到。基於這種見解,不能接受被勸導者的過失,不能承認。這樣在這裡,他所見的,便是他所說的"我見到"。然而,另一方基於這個見解並不承認過失,因此成為不潔的懷疑;這意味著是無根的懷疑。對於這個人,若他承認"我潔凈",則應與他共同進行戒律的實踐。其他的兩首詩也是如此。其他的在所有地方都是直接說明的。 Anuvijjakakiccavaṇṇanā已完成。 關於勸導者提問的回答 362-363. 在勸導者的提問中,"真實且不憤怒"的意思是,真實的應當建立且不憤怒。無論是做了什麼或沒做什麼,都應當如此,不應當在被勸導者、被理解者或僧團中引起憤怒。關於"被引導"和"不被引導"的說法應當被理解。這裡的理解方法是——關於這個被引導者的過去的說法,這個被引導者的未來的說法,這個被勸導者的過去的說法,這個被勸導者的未來的說法應當被理解。被勸導者的標準應當被計算,被勸導者的標準應當被計算,被理解者的標準應當被計算,理解者即使是微不足道的,也應當說"朋友,請集聚並直面"等話,僧團應如此行事。通過法、通過律、通過師長的教導,這個仲裁應當得到平息;在這裡,法是指實質的內容。律是指勸導和引導。師長的教導是指判斷的能力和記憶的能力。通過法、律和師長的教導,這個仲裁得以平息,因此應由有智慧者通過實質的內容進行勸導,消除過失,通過判斷的能力和記憶的能力使這個仲裁得到平息,只有有智慧者應如此行事。其他部分都是直接說明的。

364.Uposatho kimatthāyātiādipucchāvissajjanampi uttānameva. Avasānagāthāsu there ca paribhāsatīti avamaññaṃ karonto 『『kiṃ ime jānantī』』ti paribhāsati. Khato upahatindriyoti tāya chandādigāmitāya tena ca paribhāsanena attanā attano khatattā khato. Saddhādīnañca indriyānaṃ upahatattā upahatindriyo. Nirayaṃ gacchati dummedho, na ca sikkhāya gāravoti so khato upahatindriyo paññāya abhāvato dummedho tīsu sikkhāsu asikkhanato na ca sikkhāya gāravo kāyassa bhedā nirayameva upagacchati, tasmā na ca āmisaṃ nissāya…pe… yathā dhammo tathā kareti. Tassattho na ca āmisaṃ nissāya kare, cuditakacodakesu hi aññatarena dinnaṃ cīvarādiāmisaṃ gaṇhanto āmisaṃ nissāya karoti, evaṃ na kareyya. Na ca nissāya puggalanti 『『ayaṃ me upajjhāyo vā ācariyo vā』』tiādinā nayena chandādīhi gacchanto puggalaṃ nissāya karoti, evaṃ na kareyya. Atha kho ubhopete vivajjetvā yathā dhammo ṭhito, tatheva kareyyāti.

Upakaṇṇakaṃ jappatīti 『『evaṃ kathehi, mā evaṃ kathayitthā』』ti kaṇṇamūle manteti. Jimhaṃ pekkhatīti dosameva gavesati. Vītiharatīti vinicchayaṃ hāpeti. Kummaggaṃ paṭisevatīti āpattiṃ dīpeti.

Akālena ca codetīti anokāse anajjhiṭṭhova codeti. Pubbāparaṃ na jānātīti purimakathañca pacchimakathañca na jānāti.

Anusandhivacanapathaṃna jānātīti kathānusandhivinicchayānusandhivasena vacanaṃ na jānāti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Codanākaṇḍavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Cūḷasaṅgāmo

Anuvijjakassa paṭipattivaṇṇanā

關於"齋戒的目的是什麼"的提問,回答也是直接的。在結束的詩句中,長老也在指責,輕視地說:「他們知道什麼?」因而他在輕視他人。因貪慾等的緣故,他因自身的過失而受傷。因信仰等的能力受損而受傷。愚者將墮入地獄,因無知而沒有尊重,因智慧的缺乏而愚鈍,在三種修行中未能修習,因此因身體的分離而僅僅墮入地獄,所以不應依賴物質……等……如法而行。其意是,不依賴物質而行,因為在被勸導者中,某一方接受了供養的衣物等物質,便依賴物質而行,因此不應如此行。也不應依賴個人,因而他應當說:「這是我的老師或教導者」等等,以貪慾等的方式依賴於個人,因此不應如此行。然後,拋開這兩者,正如法所立,亦應如此行。 關於「耳根」是指「如是講述,不應如是講述」進行耳根的思考。專注於過失。放棄判斷。引導錯誤的行為。 在不合時宜的情況下進行勸導,便是在不合適的時機進行勸導。過去和未來的事情他都不知道。 關於推論和判斷的推論,他不知道談話的推論和判斷的推論。其他的在所有地方都是直接說明的。 勸導部分的解釋已完成。 關於小型辯論的 Anuvijjakassa paṭipattivaṇṇanā

  1. Cūḷasaṅgāme saṅgāmāvacarena bhikkhunāti saṅgāmo vuccati adhikaraṇavinicchayatthāya saṅghasannipāto. Tatra hi attapaccatthikā ceva sāsanapaccatthikā ca uddhammaṃ ubbinayaṃ satthu sāsanaṃ dīpentā samosaranti vesālikā vajjiputtakā viya. Yo bhikkhu tesaṃ paccatthikānaṃ laddhiṃ madditvā sakavādadīpanatthāya tattha avacarati, ajjhogāhetvā vinicchayaṃ pavatteti, so saṅgāmāvacaro nāma yasatthero viya. Tena saṅgāmāvacarena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamantena nīcacittena saṅgho upasaṅkamitabbo. Nīcacittenāti mānaddhajaṃ nipātetvā nihatamānacittena. Rajoharaṇasamenāti pādapuñchanasamena; yathā rajoharaṇassa saṃkiliṭṭhe vā asaṃkiliṭṭhe vā pāde puñchiyamāne neva rāgo na doso; evaṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu arajjantena adussantenāti attho. Yathāpatirūpe āsaneti yathāpatirūpaṃ āsanaṃ ñatvā attano pāpuṇanaṭṭhāne therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ piṭṭhiṃ adassetvā nisīditabbaṃ. Anānākathikenāti nānāvidhaṃ taṃ taṃ anatthakathaṃ akathentena. Atiracchānakathikenāti diṭṭhasutamutampi rājakathādikaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ akathentena. Sāmaṃ vā dhammo bhāsitabboti saṅghasannipātaṭṭhāne kappiyākappiyanissitā vā rūpārūpaparicchedasamathācāravipassanācāraṭṭhānanisajjavattādinissitā vā kathā dhammo nāma. Evarūpo dhammo sayaṃ vā bhāsitabbo, paro vā ajjhesitabbo. Yo bhikkhu tathārūpiṃ kathaṃ kathetuṃ pahoti, so vattabbo – 『『āvuso saṅghamajjhamhi pañhe uppanne tvaṃ katheyyāsī』』ti. Ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo nātimaññitabboti ariyā tuṇhī nisīdantā na bālaputhujjanā viya nisīdanti. Aññataraṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvāva nisīdanti. Iti kammaṭṭhānamanasikāravasena tuṇhībhāvo ariyo tuṇhībhāvo nāma, so nātimaññitabbo, kiṃ kammaṭṭhānānuyogenāti nāvajānitabbo; attano patirūpaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvāva nisīditabbanti attho.

Na upajjhāyo pucchitabboti 『『ko nāmo tuyhaṃ upajjhāyo』』ti na pucchitabbo. Esa nayo sabbattha. Na jātīti 『『khattiyajātiyo tvaṃ brāhmaṇajātiyo』』ti evaṃ jāti na pucchitabbā. Na āgamoti 『『dīghabhāṇakosi tvaṃ majjhimabhāṇako』』ti evaṃ āgamo na pucchitabbo. Kulapadesoti khattiyakulādivaseneva veditabbo. Atrassa pemaṃ vā doso vāti atra puggale etesaṃ kāraṇānaṃ aññataravasena pemaṃ vā bhaveyya doso vā.

No parisakappikenāti parisakappakena parisānuvidhāyakena na bhavitabbaṃ; yaṃ parisāya ruccati, tadeva cetetvā kappetvā na kathetabbanti attho. Na hatthamuddā dassetabbāti kathetabbe ca akathetabbe ca saññājananatthaṃ hatthavikāro na kātabbo.

在小型辯論中,與戰鬥場地的比丘,戰鬥是指爲了仲裁而召集的僧團集會。在那裡,自身的對手和教法的對手聚集起來,顯示不正確的法和不正確的律,猶如毗舍離(Vesālī)的跋耆子弟。那個比丘,擊敗這些對手的主張,爲了顯示自己的觀點,在那裡活動,深入並執行判斷,這就是戰鬥場地的比丘,如耶舍長老(Yasatthera)。由這個戰鬥場地的比丘接近僧團時,應該以低下的心態接近僧團。以低下的心態,意指放下自負的標誌,降伏了自負的心。如同擦拭塵土一般,就像擦拭腳一樣;正如擦拭塵土時,無論腳是否污穢,既無貪慾也無瞠怒。在適當的座位上,意指了解適當的座位,不在長老比丘的背後顯示自己的座位。不要有各種不同的談話,不要講述各種不同的無意義的話。不要講述世俗的話,不要講述所見、所聞、所想的王室故事等世俗之談。自己也可以講法,在僧團集會處,與允許與不允許有關的,或與色與非色的界限、平靜、行為、觀察等處有關的談話,稱為法。這種法可以自己講述,也可以請求他人講述。那個能夠講述這種話的比丘,應該被告知:"朋友,當僧團中產生問題時,你可以講述。"不要輕視聖者的沉默,聖者沉默就座,不像無知的凡夫那樣就座。他們持取一種業處就座。因此,以業處的思維為原因的沉默,稱為聖者的沉默,不應被輕視,不應被忽視;意指持取適合自己的業處就座。 不要詢問老師,不應該問:"你的老師是誰?"這一原則適用於所有情況。不要詢問種姓,不應該問:"你是剎帝利種姓還是婆羅門種姓?"不要詢問傳統,不應該問:"你是長行誦還是中行誦?"家族地區應該只從剎帝利家族等方面理解。在這個人身上,這些原因中的任何一個可能是喜愛或厭惡。 不要成為隨眾附和者,不應成為隨眾附和、追隨群體的人;只思考群體所喜悅的,不應如此講述。不要顯示手勢,在可講與不可講之間,爲了表示意義,不應做手勢。

Atthaṃ anuvidhiyantenāti vinicchayapaṭivedhameva sallakkhentena 『『idaṃ suttaṃ upalabbhati, imasmiṃ vinicchaye idaṃ vakkhāmī』』ti evaṃ paritulayantena nisīditabbanti attho. Na ca āsanā vuṭṭhātabbanti na āsanā vuṭṭhāya sannipātamaṇḍale vicaritabbaṃ, vinayadhare uṭṭhite sabbā parisā uṭṭhahati. Na vītihātabbanti na vinicchayo hāpetabbo. Na kummaggo sevitabboti na āpatti dīpetabbā. Asāhasikena bhavitabbanti na sahasākārinā bhavitabbaṃ; sahasā duruttavacanaṃ na kathetabbanti attho. Vacanakkhamenāti duruttavācaṃ khamanasīlena. Hitaparisakkināti hitesinā hitagavesinā karuṇā ca karuṇāpubbabhāgo ca upaṭṭhāpetabboti ayaṃ padadvayepi adhippāyo. Anasuruttenāti na asuruttena. Asuruttaṃ vuccati viggāhikakathāsaṅkhātaṃ asundaravacanaṃ; taṃ na kathetabbanti attho. Attā pariggahetabboti 『『vinicchinituṃ vūpasametuṃ sakkhissāmi nu kho no』』ti evaṃ attā pariggahetabbo; attano pamāṇaṃ jānitabbanti attho. Paro pariggahetabboti 『『lajjiyā nu kho ayaṃ parisā, sakkā saññāpetuṃ udāhu no』』ti evaṃ paro pariggahetabbo.

Codako pariggahetabboti 『『dhammacodako nu kho no』』ti evaṃ pariggahetabbo. Cuditako pariggahetabboti 『『dhammacuditako nu kho no』』ti evaṃ pariggahetabbo. Adhammacodako pariggahetabboti tassa pamāṇaṃ jānitabbaṃ. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Vuttaṃahāpentenāti codakacuditakehi vuttavacanaṃ ahāpentena. Avuttaṃ apakāsentenāti anosaṭaṃ vatthuṃ appakāsentena. Mando hāsetabboti mando momūho paggaṇhitabbo, 『『nanu tvaṃ kulaputto』』ti uttejetvā anuyogavattaṃ kathāpetvā tassa anuyogo gaṇhitabbo. Bhīrū assāsetabboti yassa saṅghamajjhaṃ vā gaṇamajjhaṃ vā anosaṭapubbattā sārajjaṃ uppajjati, tādiso 『『mā bhāyi, vissaṭṭho kathehi, mayaṃ te upatthambhā bhavissāmā』』ti vatvāpi anuyogavattaṃ kathāpetabbo. Caṇḍo nisedhetabboti apasādetabbo tajjetabbo. Asuci vibhāvetabboti alajjiṃ pakāsetvā āpattiṃ desāpetabbo. Ujumaddavenāti yo bhikkhu uju sīlavā kāyavaṅkādirahito, so maddaveneva upacaritabbo. Dhammesu ca puggalesu cāti ettha yo dhammagaruko hoti na puggalagaruko, ayameva dhammesu ca puggalesu ca majjhattoti veditabbo.

依照意義進行判斷的人,意指通過判斷和揭示來仔細考慮,說:"這部經可以找到,在這個判斷中我將說這個",這樣權衡后就座。不要從座位起立,意指不要離開座位在集會場所走動,當持戒者起立時,全部會眾都起立。不要放棄,意指不要放棄判斷。不要走錯路,意指不要顯示違犯。應該溫和,意指不應該是暴力行為者;不應該說出粗魯的言語。以言語的忍耐力,意指有忍受粗魯言語的習慣。以關懷追求者,意指尋求利益、追求利益,慈悲和慈悲的前兆應該被照料。不要說不恰當的話,意指不要說不美好的言語。不美好的言語被稱為爭論性的言語;意指不應該這樣說。自己應該被掌握,意指"我是否能夠判斷、平息"等,這樣自己應該被掌握;意指應該瞭解自己的程度。他人應該被掌握,意指"這個會眾是否害羞,是否可以勸服"等,這樣他人應該被掌握。 被勸導者應該被掌握,意指"是否為依法勸導"等,這樣應該被掌握。被指控者應該被掌握,意指"是否為依法指控"等,這樣應該被掌握。非法勸導者應該被掌握,意指應該瞭解他的程度。在其他情況下也是同樣的方法。不遺漏被說的話,意指不遺漏被勸導者和被指控者所說的話。不顯示未說的話,意指不顯示未被提及的事實。愚鈍者應該被振奮,意指愚鈍、迷惑的人應該被鼓勵,說:"你不是一個好的家族子弟"等,激勵他並讓他陳述被質詢的事項。膽小者應該被安慰,意指對於在僧團中或團體中因從未被捲入而產生羞怯的人,應該說:"不要害怕,放心說,我們將支援你"等,並讓他陳述被質詢的事項。暴躁者應該被制止,意指應該被抑制、威嚇。不潔者應該被闡明,意指應該通過顯示無恥來讓他承認違犯。以正直溫和,意指應該以溫和對待那個正直、有戒行、沒有身體偏斜等的比丘。在法和人上,意指在法和人中,誰尊重法而不尊重人,他在法和人中應該被視為中立。

366.Suttaṃ saṃsandanatthāyātiādīsu tena ca pana evaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyamanāpagarubhāvanīyena anuvijjakena samudāhaṭesu suttādīsu suttaṃ saṃsandanatthāya; āpattānāpattīnaṃ saṃsandanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Opammaṃ nidassanatthāyāti opammaṃ atthadassanatthāya. Attho viññāpanatthāyāti attho jānāpanatthāya. Paṭipucchā ṭhapanatthāyāti pucchā puggalassa ṭhapanatthāya. Okāsakammaṃ codanatthāyāti vatthunā vā āpattiyā vā codanatthāya. Codanā sāraṇatthāyāti dosādosaṃ sarāpanatthāya. Sāraṇā savacanīyatthāyāti dosādosasāraṇā savacanīyakaraṇatthāya. Savacanīyaṃ palibodhatthāyāti savacanīyaṃ 『『imamhā āvāsā paraṃ mā pakkamī』』ti evaṃ palibodhatthāya. Palibodho vinicchayatthāyāti vinicchayaṃ pāpanatthāya. Vinicchayo santīraṇatthāyāti dosādosaṃ santīraṇatthāya tulanatthāya. Santīraṇaṃ ṭhānāṭṭhānagamanatthāyāti āpattianāpattigarukalahukāpattijānanatthāya . Saṅgho sampariggahasampaṭicchanatthāyāti vinicchayasampaṭiggahaṇatthāya ca; suvinicchitadubbinicchitabhāvajānanatthāya cāti attho. Paccekaṭṭhāyino avisaṃvādakaṭṭhāyinoti issariyādhipaccajeṭṭhakaṭṭhāne ca avisaṃvādakaṭṭhāne ca ṭhitā; na te apasādetabbāti attho.

Idāni ye mandā mandabuddhino evaṃ vadeyyuṃ 『『vinayo nāma kimatthāyā』』ti tesaṃ vacanokāsapidahanatthamattaṃ dassetuṃ vinayo saṃvaratthāyātiādimāha. Tattha vinayo saṃvaratthāyāti sakalāpi vinayapaññatti kāyavacīdvārasaṃvaratthāya. Ājīvavisuddhipariyosānassa sīlassa upanissayo hoti; paccayo hotīti attho. Esa nayo sabbattha. Apicettha avippaṭisāroti pāpapuññānaṃ katākatavasena cittavippaṭisārābhāvo. Pāmujjanti dubbalā taruṇapīti. Pītīti balavā bahalapīti. Passaddhīti kāyacittadarathapaṭippassaddhi. Sukhanti kāyikacetasikasukhaṃ. Tañhi duvidhampi samādhissa upanissayapaccayo hoti. Samādhīti cittekaggatā. Yathābhūtañāṇadassananti taruṇavipassanā; udayabbayañāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Cittekaggatā hi taruṇavipassanāya upanissayapaccayo hoti. Nibbidāti sikhāpattā vuṭṭhānagāminibalavavipassanā. Virāgoti ariyamaggo. Vimuttīti arahattaphalaṃ. Catubbidhopi hi ariyamaggo arahattaphalassa upanissayapaccayo hoti. Vimuttiñāṇadassananti paccavekkhaṇāñāṇaṃ. Vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ anupādāparinibbānatthāyāti apaccayaparinibbānatthāya. Apaccayaparinibbānassa hi taṃ paccayo hoti, tasmiṃ anuppatte avassaṃ parinibbāyitabbatoti. Etadatthā kathāti ayaṃ vinayakathā nāma etadatthā. Mantanāti vinayamantanā eva. Upanisāti ayaṃ 『『vinayo saṃvaratthāyā』』tiādikā paramparapaccayatāpi etadatthāya. Sotāvadhānanti imissā paramparapaccayakathāya sotāvadhānaṃ. Imaṃ kathaṃ sutvā yaṃ uppajjati ñāṇaṃ, tampi etadatthāya. Yadidaṃ anupādā cittassa vimokkhoti yo ayaṃ catūhi upādānehi anupādiyitvā cittassa arahattaphalasaṅkhāto vimokkho, sopi etadatthāya; apaccayaparinibbānatthāya evāti attho.

關於"爲了對照經文"等,通過這樣與同修們親愛、尊敬、值得尊重的追隨者所引用的經文等,爲了對照經文;應該理解為對照違犯與非違犯。爲了舉例說明,意指爲了顯示意義的比喻。爲了闡明意義,意指爲了使人瞭解意義。爲了保留詢問,意指爲了保留個人的詢問。爲了勸導場合行為,意指爲了因事實或違犯而勸導。爲了引導勸導,意指爲了審查過錯。爲了可告知,意指爲了可告知過錯的審查。爲了障礙可告知,意指可告知"不要離開此住處"等的障礙。爲了判斷,意指爲了獲得判斷。爲了審查,意指爲了審查過錯,爲了權衡。爲了行走/前往,意指爲了瞭解違犯與非違犯、輕重違犯。僧團爲了全面掌握和接受,意指爲了接受判斷,並瞭解判斷是否正確或不正確。獨立的位置和不欺騙的位置,意指處於權威、主導和資深的位置,並處于不欺騙的位置;意指不應被輕視。 現在,那些愚鈍、愚鈍智力的人可能會說:"律有什麼目的?"爲了顯示他們言論的機會,只是爲了駁斥,說明律是爲了約束的目的等。在這裡,律是爲了約束的目的,意指整個律的規定是爲了約束身語兩種門。是戒圓滿的資助,是緣起。這一原則適用於所有情況。在這裡,無悔是指因已做和未做的善惡而沒有心靈的悔恨。歡喜是指軟弱的喜悅。喜是強烈的喜悅。寧靜是身心煩躁的平靜。樂是身心的快樂。這兩種都是定的資助和緣起。定是心一境性。如實知見是初級觀,是生滅智的稱呼。心一境性確實是初級觀的資助和緣起。厭離是強有力的觀行,通向出離。無慾是聖道。解脫是阿羅漢果。四種聖道都是阿羅漢果的資助和緣起。解脫智見是回顧智。解脫智見是爲了無依無求的涅槃,意指爲了無緣無依的涅槃。這是無緣無依涅槃的緣起,未獲得時必定應該涅槃。這是這段話的意義,這是律的論述。商討是律的商討。這是"律是爲了約束"等的傳承和目的。聽聞是對這種傳承論述的聽聞。聽到這段話而生起的智慧,也是爲了這個目的。這是指從四種執取中解脫的心,即阿羅漢果的心解脫,也是爲了這個目的;意即爲了無緣無依的涅槃。

  1. Anuyogavattagāthāsu paṭhamagāthā vuttatthā eva.

Vatthuṃ vipattiṃ āpattiṃ, nidānaṃ ākāraakovido pubbāparaṃ na jānātīti 『『vatthu』』ntiādīni 『『na jānātī』』ti padena sambandho. 『『Akovido』』ti padassa 『『sa ve tādisako』』ti iminā sambandho. Tasmā ayamettha yojanā – yo bhikkhu pārājikādīnaṃ vatthuṃ na jānāti, catubbidhaṃ vipattiṃ na jānāti, sattavidhaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, 『『idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ asukasmiṃ nāma nagare paññatta』』nti evaṃ nidānaṃ na jānāti, 『『idaṃ purimavacanaṃ idaṃ pacchimavacana』』nti pubbāparaṃ na jānāti, 『『idaṃ kataṃ idaṃ akata』』nti katākataṃ na jānāti. Samena cāti teneva pubbāparaṃ ajānanassa samena aññāṇena, 『『katākataṃ na jānātī』』ti vuttaṃ hoti; evaṃ tāva najānāti-padena saddhiṃ sambandho veditabbo. Yaṃ panetaṃ 『『ākāraakovido』』ti vuttaṃ, tattha ākāraakovidoti kāraṇākāraṇe akovido. Iti yvāyaṃ vatthuādīnipi na jānāti, ākārassa ca akovido, sa ve tādisako bhikkhu apaṭikkhoti vuccati.

Kammañca adhikaraṇañcāti imesampi padānaṃ 『『na jānātī』』ti padeneva sambandho. Ayaṃ panettha yojanā – tatheva iti yvāyaṃ kammañca na jānāti, adhikaraṇañca na jānāti, sattappakāre samathe cāpi akovido, rāgādīhi pana ratto duṭṭho ca mūḷho ca, bhayena bhayā gacchati, sammohena mohā gacchati, rattattā pana duṭṭhattā ca chandā dosā ca gacchati, paraṃ saññāpetuṃ asamatthatāya na ca saññattikusalo, kāraṇākāraṇadassane asamatthatāya nijjhattiyā ca akovido attano sadisāya parisāya laddhattā laddhapakkho, hiriyā paribāhirattā ahiriko, kāḷakehi kammehi samannāgatattā kaṇhakammo, dhammādariyapuggalādariyānaṃ abhāvato anādaro, sa ve tādisako bhikkhu apaṭikkhoti vuccati, na paṭikkhitabbo na oloketabbo, na sammannitvā issariyādhipaccajeṭṭhakaṭṭhāne ṭhapetabboti attho. Sukkapakkhagāthānampi yojanānayo vuttanayeneva veditabboti.

Cūḷasaṅgāmavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Mahāsaṅgāmo

Voharantena jānitabbādivaṇṇanā

368-374. Mahāsaṅgāme – vatthuto vā vatthuṃ saṅkamatīti 『『paṭhamapārājikavatthu mayā diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā』』ti vatvā puna pucchiyamāno nighaṃsiyamāno 『『na mayā paṭhamapārājikassa vatthu diṭṭhaṃ, na sutaṃ; dutiyapārājikassa vatthu diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā』』ti vadati. Eteneva nayena sesavatthusaṅkamanaṃ, vipattito vipattisaṅkamanaṃ āpattito āpattisaṅkamanañca veditabbaṃ. Yo pana 『『neva mayā diṭṭhaṃ, na suta』』nti vatvā pacchā 『『mayāpetaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā』』ti vadati, 『『diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā』』ti vatvā pacchā 『『na diṭṭhaṃ vā na sutaṃ vā』』ti vadati, ayaṃ avajānitvā paṭijānāti, paṭijānitvā avajānātīti veditabbo. Eseva aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati nāma.

375.Vaṇṇāvaṇṇoti nīlādivaṇṇāvaṇṇavasena sukkavissaṭṭhisikkhāpadaṃ vuttaṃ. Vacanamanuppadānanti sañcarittaṃ vuttaṃ. Kāyasaṃsaggādittayaṃ sarūpeneva vuttaṃ. Iti imāni pañca methunadhammassa pubbabhāgo pubbapayogoti veditabbāni.

376.Cattāri apalokanakammānīti adhammenavaggādīni. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Iti cattāri catukkāni soḷasa honti.

Agatiagantabbavaṇṇanā

在追隨行為的偈頌中,第一首偈頌已經解釋過其意義。 關於"事實、過失、違犯、緣起、方式不熟悉"等,與"不知道"一詞相連。"不熟悉"一詞與"他確實如此"相連。因此,這裡的組合是:那個比丘不知道波羅夷等的事實,不知道四種過失,不知道七種違犯,不知道"這條學處在某某城市被制定"等緣起,不知道"這是前面的話,這是後面的話"等前後關係,不知道"這已做,這未做"等已做未做。"以同樣的方式"意指以同樣不知道前後關係的方式,意即"不知道已做未做"。應該理解為與"不知道"一詞的連線。至於所說的"方式不熟悉",意指在原因和非原因上不熟悉。因此,這個比丘不僅不知道事實等,而且在方式上不熟悉,被稱為不適合的比丘。 關於"業和爭端",這些詞也與"不知道"一詞相連。這裡的組合是:同樣地,這個人不知道業,不知道爭端,也不熟悉七種平息,且被貪、瞠、癡所染,因恐懼而逃避,因迷惑而逃避,因貪愛、瞠恚而行,因無法勸服他人而不善於調解,在辨別原因和非原因上無能,不瞭解自己,因獲得與自己相似的集會的立場而偏袒,因羞恥心的缺失而無恥,因具有黑業而是黑業者,因缺乏對法和人的尊重而無尊重,這樣的比丘被稱為不適合的,不應被接受,不應被關注,不應被任命在權威、主導和資深的位置。對於白色部分的偈頌,應以相同的方式理解。 小型戰鬥的描述結束。 大型戰鬥 關於以交談方式瞭解等的描述 368-374. 在大型戰鬥中 - 從事實到事實轉移,如說"我見過或聽過第一波羅夷的事實",當再次被詢問、壓迫時,說"我沒有見過或聽過第一波羅夷的事實,但見過或聽過第二波羅夷的事實"。以同樣的方式,應理解其他事實的轉移、從過失到過失的轉移、從違犯到違犯的轉移。如果有人說"我既未見過也未聽過",後來又說"我見過或聽過",或說"見過或聽過"后又說"未見過或未聽過",這被稱為在否認后承認,或在承認后否認。這就是相互對抗。 關於顏色好壞,是指關於白色遺精學處,說明了色彩的好壞。關於未提供言語,是說明行為。身體接觸等三種,以其本質已被說明。因此,這五種應被理解為性行為的前兆和前奏。 四種請求行為,是指非法的不如法等。在其他情況下也是同樣的方法。因此,四個四組成十六個。 關於不應去的地方的描述

379.Bahujanaahitāyapaṭipanno hotīti vinayadharena hi evaṃ chandādigatiyā adhikaraṇe vinicchite tasmiṃ vihāre saṅgho dvidhā bhijjati. Ovādūpajīviniyo bhikkhuniyopi dve bhāgā honti. Upāsakāpi upāsikāyopi dārakāpi dārikāyopi tesaṃ ārakkhadevatāpi tatheva dvidhā bhijjanti. Tato bhummadevatā ādiṃ katvā yāva akaniṭṭhabrahmāno dvidhāva honti. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『bahujanaahitāya paṭipanno hoti…pe… dukkhāya devamanussāna』』nti.

382.Visamanissitoti visamāni kāyakammādīni nissito. Gahananissitoti micchādiṭṭhiantaggāhikadiṭṭhisaṅkhātaṃ gahanaṃ nissito. Balavanissitoti balavante abhiññāte bhikkhū nissito.

393.Tassa avajānantoti tassa vacanaṃ avajānanto. Upayogatthe vā sāmivacanaṃ, taṃ avajānantoti attho.

394.Yaṃ atthāyāti yadatthāya. Taṃ atthanti so attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Mahāsaṅgāmavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Kathinabhedaṃ

Kathinaatthatādivaṇṇanā

  1. Kathine – aṭṭha mātikāti khandhake vuttā pakkamanantikādikā aṭṭha. Palibodhānisaṃsāpi pubbe vuttā eva.

"行於多人的不利益"意指,當持戒者以貪等偏見在爭端中作出判斷時,在那個寺院中,僧團分裂為兩派。說教和依附的比丘尼也分為兩部分。優婆塞和優婆夷、男孩和女孩,以及他們的守護神也同樣分裂為兩派。從地方神開始,直到最高梵天,也都分為兩派。因此說:"行於多人的不利益……直到對天人的痛苦"。 "依附不正"意指依附不正的身業等。"依附密林"意指依附被稱為邪見極端執取的密林。"依附強者"意指依附著名的有力比丘。 "不承認他"意指不承認他的言語。或者在使用的意義上,作為所有者的詞,意指不承認那個。 "爲了什麼"意指爲了什麼。"那是什麼"意指那個意義。其餘部分在所有情況下都很明顯。 大型戰鬥的描述結束。 佈施衣的分裂 關於佈施衣的意義等的描述 在佈施衣中 - 八個母法,是指在蘊中已說的離去等八個。關於障礙的利益,之前已經說過。

404.Payogassāti cīvaradhovanādino sattavidhassa pubbakaraṇassatthāya yo udakāharaṇādiko payogo kayirati, tassa payogassa. Katame dhammā anantarapaccayena paccayoti anāgatavasena anantarā hutvā katame dhammā paccayā hontīti attho. Samanantarapaccayenāti suṭṭhu anantarapaccayena, anantarapaccayameva āsannataraṃ katvā pucchati. Nissayapaccayenāti uppajjamānassa payogassa nissayaṃ ādhārabhāvaṃ upagatā viya hutvā katame dhammā paccayā hontīti attho. Upanissayapaccayenāti upetena nissayapaccayena; nissayapaccayameva upagatataraṃ katvā pucchati. Purejātapaccayenāti iminā paṭhamaṃ uppannassa paccayabhāvaṃ pucchati. Pacchājātapaccayenāti iminā pacchā uppajjanakassa paccayabhāvaṃ pucchati. Sahajātapaccayenāti iminā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ uppajjamānānaṃ paccayabhāvaṃ pucchati. Pubbakaraṇassāti dhovanādino pubbakaraṇassa. Paccuddhārassāti purāṇasaṅghāṭiādīnaṃ paccuddharaṇassa. Adhiṭṭhānassāti kathinacīvarādhiṭṭhānassa. Atthārassāti kathinatthārassa. Mātikānañca palibodhānañcāti aṭṭhannaṃ mātikānaṃ dvinnañca palibodhānaṃ. Vatthussāti saṅghāṭiādino kathinavatthussa; sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Evaṃ yañca labbhati yañca na labbhati, sabbaṃ pucchitvā idāni yaṃ yassa labbhati, tadeva dassento pubbakaraṇaṃ payogassātiādinā nayena vissajjanamāha. Tassattho – yaṃ vuttaṃ 『『payogassa katame dhammā』』tiādi, tattha vuccate, pubbakaraṇaṃ payogassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantaranissayaupanissayapaccayena paccayo. Payogassa hi sattavidhampi pubbakaraṇaṃ yasmā tena payogena nipphādetabbassa pubbakaraṇassatthāya so payogo kayirati, tasmā imehi catūhi paccayehi paccayo hoti. Purejātapaccaye panesa uddiṭṭhadhammesu ekadhammampi na labhati, aññadatthu pubbakaraṇassa sayaṃ purejātapaccayo hoti, payoge sati pubbakaraṇassa nipphajjanato . Tena vuttaṃ – 『『payogo pubbakaraṇassa purejātapaccayena paccayo』』ti. Pacchājātapaccayaṃ pana labhati, tena vuttaṃ – 『『pubbakaraṇaṃ payogassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo』』ti. Pacchā uppajjanakassa hi pubbakaraṇassa atthāya so payogo kayirati. Sahajātapaccayaṃ pana mātikāpalibodhānisaṃsasaṅkhāte pannarasa dhamme ṭhapetvā añño payogādīsu ekopi dhammo na labhati, te eva hi pannarasa dhammā saha kathinatthārena ekato nipphajjantīti aññamaññaṃ sahajātapaccayā honti. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo』』ti. Etenupāyena sabbapadavissajjanāni veditabbāni.

Pubbakaraṇanidānādivibhāgavaṇṇanā

405.Pubbakaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānantiādipucchāvissajjanaṃ uttānameva.

406-7. 『『Payogo kiṃnidāno』』tiādīsu pucchādvayavissajjanesu hetunidāno paccayanidānoti ettha cha cīvarāni hetu ceva paccayo cāti veditabbāni. Pubbapayogādīnañhi sabbesaṃ tāniyeva hetu, tāni paccayo. Na hi chabbidhe cīvare asati payogo atthi, na pubbakaraṇādīni, tasmā 『『payogo hetunidāno』』tiādi vuttaṃ.

  1. Saṅgahavāre – vacībhedenāti 『『imāya saṅghāṭiyā, iminā uttarāsaṅgena, iminā antaravāsakena kathinaṃ attharāmī』』ti etena vacībhedena. Katimūlādipucchāvissajjane – kiriyā majjheti paccuddhāro ceva adhiṭṭhānañca.

"關於使用"意指爲了七種用途而進行的水洗等的行為,稱為使用。哪些法是因緊接著的因而存在的?意指哪些法是因未來而緊接著存在的?"因緊接著的因"意指非常緊接著的因,問的是緊接著的因。關於"因依賴的因"意指像是依賴於正在產生的行為的基礎。關於"因附屬的因"意指以附屬的因來問;問的是緊接著的因。關於"前因的因"意指詢問最初產生的因。關於"后因的因"意指詢問後來的產生的因。關於"共因的因"意指詢問那些最初未曾出現的後來的產生的因。關於"前因的用途"意指水洗等的前因。關於"引導的用途"意指關於古老的使用等的引導。關於"決定的用途"意指關於堅固的佈施的決定。關於"意義的用途"意指關於堅固的意義。關於八個母法和兩個障礙,意指八個母法和兩個障礙。關於"衣物"意指關於僧團的堅固衣物;其餘部分以相同的方式表達。 因此,獲得的和未獲得的,全部詢問后,現在所獲得的,正是通過前因的使用等方式來說明。其意義是,所說的"使用的法"等,其中提到,前因的使用是因緊接著的因而存在的,因緊接著的因、依賴因、附屬因而存在的因。使用的法有七種,因前因的使用而存在,因此通過這種使用所需的前因,這種使用是有效的,因此有這四種因。至於前因的因,在這些所列的法中,哪怕是一個法也無法獲得,因而在其他地方,前因的使用本身就是前因的因,因使用而產生的前因。故此說:"使用是前因的因"。至於后因的因則可以獲得,因此說:"前因的使用是后因的因"。後來的產生的因,正是爲了前因的使用。至於共因的因,除了在八種障礙的利益中所提到的十五種法之外,其他的使用等法中一個法也無法獲得,正是因為這十五種法因堅固的意義而相互產生。因此說:"十五種法是因共因而存在的"。以此方式,所有的定義應被理解。 關於前因的定義等的描述 "前因是什麼"等的詢問和說明是顯而易見的。 406-7. 在"使用是什麼"等的詢問中,因和結果的定義應被理解為六種佈施的因和結果。在所有前因的使用中,這些都是因和結果。因為在六種佈施中沒有使用的情況,因此說"使用是因和結果的定義"。 在集合的情況下 - 通過言語的分類,意指"通過這個僧團、通過這個上衣、通過這個中衣來進行佈施"。在根本等的詢問中,意指行為的中間和引導以及決定。

411.Vatthuvipannaṃ hotīti akappiyadussaṃ hoti. Kālavipannaṃ nāma ajja dāyakehi dinnaṃ sve saṅgho kathinatthārakassa deti. Karaṇavipannaṃ nāma tadaheva chinditvā akataṃ.

Kathinādijānitabbavibhāgavaṇṇanā

  1. Kathinaṃ jānitabbantiādipucchāya vissajjane – tesaññeva dhammānanti yesu rūpādidhammesu sati kathinaṃ nāma hoti, tesaṃ samodhānaṃ missībhāvo. Nāmaṃ nāmakammantiādinā pana 『『kathina』』nti idaṃ bahūsu dhammesu nāmamattaṃ, na paramatthato eko dhammo atthīti dasseti.

Catuvīsatiyā ākārehīti 『『na ullikhitamattenā』』tiādīhi pubbe vuttakāraṇehi. Sattarasahi ākārehīti 『『ahatena atthataṃ hoti kathina』』ntiādīhi pubbe vuttakāraṇehi. Nimittakammādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ sabbaṃ kathinakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttaṃ.

416.Ekuppādā ekanirodhāti uppajjamānāpi ekato uppajjanti, nirujjhamānāpi ekato nirujjhanti. Ekuppādā nānānirodhāti uppajjamānā ekato uppajjanti, nirujjhamānā nānā nirujjhanti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ? Sabbepi atthārena saddhiṃ ekato uppajjanti, atthāre hi sati uddhāro nāma. Nirujjhamānā panettha purimā dve atthārena saddhiṃ ekato nirujjhanti, uddhārabhāvaṃ pāpuṇanti. Atthārassa hi nirodho etesañca uddhārabhāvo ekakkhaṇe hoti, itare nānā nirujjhanti. Tesu uddhārabhāvaṃ pattesupi atthāro tiṭṭhatiyeva. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Samantapāsādikāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya

Kathinabhedavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Paññattivaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Upālipañcakaṃ

Anissitavaggavaṇṇanā

  1. Upālipañhesu katihi nu kho bhanteti pucchāya ayaṃ sambandho. Thero kira rahogato sabbāni imāni pañcakāni āvajjetvā 『『bhagavantaṃ dāni pucchitvā imesaṃ nissāya vasanakādīnaṃ atthāya tantiṃ ṭhapessāmī』』ti bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā 『『katihi nu kho bhante』』tiādinā nayena pañhe pucchi. Tesaṃ vissajjane uposathaṃ na jānātīti navavidhaṃ uposathaṃ na jānāti. Uposathakammaṃ na jānātīti adhammenavaggādibhedaṃ catubbidhaṃ uposathakammaṃ na jānāti. Pātimokkhaṃ na jānātīti dve mātikā na jānāti. Pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānātīti bhikkhūnaṃ pañcavidhaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ catubbidhanti navavidhaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti.

Pavāraṇaṃ na jānātīti navavidhaṃ pavāraṇaṃ na jānāti. Pavāraṇākammaṃ na jānātīti adhammenavaggādibhedaṃ catubbidhaṃ pavāraṇākammaṃ na jānāti.

Āpattānāpattiṃ na jānātīti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade niddiṭṭhaṃ āpattiñca anāpattiñca na jānāti.

Āpanno kammakatoti āpattiṃ āpanno tappaccayāva saṅghena kammaṃ kataṃ hoti.

Nappaṭippassambhanavaggavaṇṇanā

420.Kammaṃnappaṭippassambhetabbanti ayaṃ yasmā anulomavatte na vattati, tasmā nāssa kammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ; sarajjukova vissajjetabboti attho.

"事實毀壞"意指不合適和不好的。"時間毀壞"是指今天由施主給出的,明天僧團給予堅固的意義。"行為毀壞"是指在那一天就被切斷而未完成的。 關於堅固的定義的分類 "應知堅固"意指在詢問中,所說的法是指在色等法中存在時,稱為堅固的那些法,它們的結合是混合的。關於名稱和名稱的行為等,"堅固"在許多法中僅是名稱的存在,而不是從根本上只有一個法的意義。 關於二十四種因的特徵,"不只是抬起而已"等,之前已說明的原因。關於十七種因的特徵,"被打擊的法是堅固的"等,之前已說明的原因。關於標誌、行為等所應述說的,全部在堅固的律藏中已說明。 "單一的產生和單一的滅去"是指即使產生也是單一產生,即使滅去也是單一滅去。"單一的產生和多樣的滅去"是指產生時是單一的,滅去時是多樣的。這是什麼意思呢?所有的法都是因而一起產生,因而存在時稱為提升。滅去時,這裡前兩者因而一起滅去,達到提升的狀態。因而存在的滅去與這些提升的狀態是同時發生的,其他則是多樣的滅去。在這些情況下,提升的狀態即使在獲得時也保持存在。其餘部分在所有情況下都是顯而易見的。 關於《周遍清凈》中的戒律的描述 關於堅固的分類結束。 關於規定的分類結束。 關於優波離五事 關於不依賴的分類 "優波離五事中,究竟有多少呢,尊者?"在詢問中,這與此相關。大德似乎是從獨處中觀察到這五件事,便想"現在向佛陀詢問,以此為依靠,設立他們的意義"而走向佛陀,問道"究竟有多少呢,尊者"等的方式詢問這些問題。在對這些問題的解釋中,不知道九種齋戒。關於齋戒的行為,不知道非法的分類等的四種齋戒行為。不知道戒律,不知道兩種母法。不知道戒律的內容,不知道比丘的五種類別和比丘尼的四種類別,也不知道九種戒律的內容。 不知道供養,不知道九種供養的內容。不知道供養的行為,不知道非法的分類等的四種供養行為。 不知道過失和不失,指的是在各個學處中所提到的過失和不失都不知道。 "已犯的行為"是指因已經犯的過失而被僧團所作的行為。 關於不應停止的分類 "不應停止的行為"是指因為在順應的情況下不適用,因此不應停止該行為;應當如直線般清晰地處理。

421.Sace upāli saṅgho samaggakaraṇīyāni kammāni karotīti sace samaggehi karaṇīyāni uposathādīni kammāni karoti, uposathapavāraṇādīsu hi ṭhitāsu upatthambho na dātabbo. Sace hi saṅgho accayaṃ desāpetvā saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti, tiṇavatthārakasamathaṃ vā katvā uposathapavāraṇaṃ karoti , evarūpaṃ samaggakaraṇīyaṃ nāma kammaṃ hoti. Tatra ceti sace tādise kamme bhikkhuno nakkhamati, diṭṭhāvikammampi katvā tathārūpā sāmaggī upetabbā, evaṃ vilomaggāho na gaṇhitabbo. Yatra pana uddhammaṃ ubbinayaṃ satthu sāsanaṃ dīpenti, tattha diṭṭhāvikammaṃ na vaṭṭati, paṭibāhitvā pakkamitabbaṃ.

Ussitamantī cāti lobhadosamohamānussannaṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā kaṇhavāco anatthakadīpano. Nissitajappīti attano dhammatāya ussadayuttaṃ bhāsituṃ na sakkoti; atha kho 『『mayā saddhiṃ rājā evaṃ kathesi, asukamahāmatto evaṃ kathesi, asuko nāma mayhaṃ ācariyo vā upajjhāyo vā tepiṭako mayā saddhiṃ evaṃ kathesī』』ti evaṃ aññaṃ nissāya jappati. Na ca bhāsānusandhikusaloti kathānusandhivacane ca vinicchayānusandhivacane ca akusalo hoti. Na yathādhamme yathāvinayeti na bhūtena vatthunā āpattiṃ sāretvā codetā hoti.

Ussādetā hotīti 『『amhākaṃ ācariyo mahātepiṭako paramadhammakathiko』』tiādinā nayena ekaccaṃ ussādeti. Dutiyapade 『『āpattiṃ kiṃ so na jānātī』』tiādinā ekaccaṃ apasādeti. Adhammaṃ gaṇhātīti aniyyānikapakkhaṃ gaṇhāti. Dhammaṃ paṭibāhatīti niyyānikapakkhaṃ paṭibāhati. Samphañca bahuṃ bhāsatīti bahuṃ niratthakakathaṃ katheti.

Pasayha pavattā hotīti anajjhiṭṭho bhāre anāropite kevalaṃ mānaṃ nissāya ajjhottharitvā anadhikāre kathetā hoti. Anokāsakammaṃ kāretvāti okāsakammaṃ akāretvā pavattā hoti. Na yathādiṭṭhiyā byākatā hotīti yassa attano diṭṭhi taṃ purakkhatvā na byākatā ; laddhiṃ nikkhipitvā ayathābhuccaṃ adhammādīsu dhammādiladdhiko hutvā kathetā hotīti attho.

Vohāravaggavaṇṇanā

如果優波離,僧團正在進行和合的行為,意指如果僧團正在進行齋戒等和合的行為,在齋戒和供養等情況下不應給予支援。如果僧團在承認過失後進行僧團和合,或者進行草地覆蓋的調解,或者舉行齋戒和供養,這種情況就稱為應該和合的行為。在這種情況下,如果比丘不接受這樣的行為,即使犯了可見的過失,也應該進行這種和合,不應該採取相反的態度。但是在他們闡明違背佛法、違背律法、違背導師教義的地方,不允許可見的過失,應該驅逐離開。 "高舉言語"是指被貪、瞋、癡所覆蓋的語言,說出黑暗的語言,顯示無意義。"依附絮語"是指無法按照自己的本性說出高漲的語言;而是說"我與國王這樣交談,某大臣這樣交談,某某是我的老師或和尚,他與我這樣交談",這樣依附於他人而絮語。並且不善於語言連貫,在語言連貫和判斷連貫中都不熟練。不按照真實情況和律法追究過失。 "使人高漲"是指像"我們的老師是大藏經專家,是最高的法語者"等方式使某些人高漲。在第二部分,像"他難道不知道過失嗎?"等方式貶低某些人。"接受非法"是指接受非解脫的一方。"拒絕正法"是指拒絕解脫的一方。"廣泛交談"是指廣泛地說無意義的話。 "強制前進"是指未經請求,未承擔責任,僅僅依靠自己的傲慢,侵犯不屬於自己的領域而說話。"未經允許的行為"是指未進行允許的行為而前進。"不按照所見而解釋"是指不以自己的見解為中心解釋;放棄自己的主張,不實在地在非法等中作為法的主張而說話。 關於語言的分類

424.Āpattiyā payogaṃ na jānātīti 『『ayaṃ āpatti kāyappayogā, ayaṃ vacīpayogā』』ti na jānāti. Āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ na jānātīti 『『ayaṃ āpatti desanāya vūpasamati, ayaṃ vuṭṭhānena, ayaṃ neva desanāya na vuṭṭhānenā』』ti na jānāti. Āpattiyā na vinicchayakusalohotīti 『『imasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ayaṃ āpattī』』ti na jānāti, dosānurūpaṃ āpattiṃ uddharitvā patiṭṭhāpetuṃ na sakkoti.

Adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānātīti 『『idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ aṭṭhārasa bhedakaravatthūni nissāya samuṭṭhāti, idaṃ catasso vipattiyo, idaṃ pañca vā satta vā āpattikkhandhe, idaṃ cattāri saṅghakiccāni nissāya samuṭṭhātī』』ti na jānāti. Payogaṃ na jānātīti 『『idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ dvādasamūlappayogaṃ, idaṃ cuddasamūlappayogaṃ, idaṃ chamūlapayogaṃ, idaṃ ekamūlapayoga』』nti na jānāti. Adhikaraṇānañhi yathāsakaṃmūlameva payogā nāma honti, taṃ sabbampi na jānātīti attho. Vūpasamaṃ na jānātīti 『『idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ dvīhi samathehi vūpasamati, idaṃ tīhi, idaṃ catūhi, idaṃ ekena samathena vūpasamatī』』ti na jānāti. Na vinicchayakusalo hotīti adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchinitvā samathaṃ pāpetuṃ na jānāti.

Kammaṃ na jānātīti tajjanīyādi sattavidhaṃ kammaṃ na jānāti. Kammassa karaṇaṃ na jānātīti 『『idaṃ kammaṃ iminā nīhārena kātabba』』nti na jānāti. Kammassa vatthuṃ na jānātīti 『『idaṃ tajjanīyassa vatthu, idaṃ niyassādīna』』nti na jānāti. Vattanti sattasu kammesu heṭṭhā catunnaṃ kammānaṃ aṭṭhārasavidhaṃ tividhassa ca ukkhepanīyakammassa tecattālīsavidhaṃ vattaṃ na jānāti. Kammassa vūpasamaṃ na jānātīti 『『yo bhikkhu vatte vattitvā yācati, tassa kammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ, accayo desāpetabbo』』ti na jānāti.

Vatthuṃ na jānātīti sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ vatthuṃ na jānāti. Nidānaṃ na jānātīti 『『idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ imasmiṃ nagare paññattaṃ, idaṃ imasmi』』nti na jānāti. Paññattiṃ na jānātīti paññattianupaññattianuppannapaññattivasena tividhaṃ paññattiṃ na jānāti. Padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ na jānātīti sammukhā kātabbaṃ padaṃ na jānāti. 『『Buddho bhagavā』』ti vattabbe 『『bhagavā buddho』』ti heṭṭhupariyaṃ katvā padaṃ yojeti.

Akusalo ca hoti vinayeti vinayapāḷiyañca aṭṭhakathāyañca akusalo hoti.

Ñattiṃ na jānātīti saṅkhepato hi duvidhā ñatti – 『『esā ñattī』』ti evaṃ niddiṭṭhā ca aniddiṭṭhā ca. Tattha yā evaṃ aniddiṭṭhā, sā 『『kammañatti』』 nāma hoti. Yā niddiṭṭhā, sā 『『kammapādañatti』』 nāma, taṃ sabbena sabbaṃ ñattiṃ na jānāti. Ñattiyākaraṇaṃ na jānātīti navasu ṭhānesu kammañattiyā karaṇaṃ na jānāti, dvīsu ṭhānesu kammapādañattiyā. Ñattiyā anussāvananti 『『imissā ñattiyā ekā anussāvanā, imissā tisso』』ti na jānāti. Ñattiyā samathaṃ na jānātīti yvāyaṃ sativinayo, amūḷhavinayo, tassapāpiyasikā, tiṇavatthārakoti catubbidho samatho ñattiyā vinā na hoti, taṃ ñattiyā samathoti na jānāti. Ñattiyā vūpasamaṃ na jānātīti yaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ iminā catubbidhena ñattisamathena vūpasamati, tassa taṃ vūpasamaṃ 『『ayaṃ ñattiyā vūpasamo kato』』ti na jānāti.

"不知道過失的行為"是指不知道"這是身體的行為,這是語言的行為"。"不知道過失的平息"是指不知道"這個過失通過懺悔而平息,這個通過還俗,這個既不通過懺悔也不通過還俗"。"不善於過失的判斷"是指不知道"在這個事實中有這個過失",無法根據過失的程度提取並確立過失。 "不知道爭議的起源"是指不知道"這個爭議依賴於十八個破壞事實,這是四種缺陷,這是五個或七個過失的類別,這是依靠四個僧團職責而產生的"。"不知道行為"是指不知道"這個爭議是十二根本行為,這是十四根本行為,這是六根本行為,這是一根本行為"。爭議的行為只有按照其自身的根本,不知道所有這些。"不知道平息"是指不知道"這個爭議通過兩種調解而平息,這個通過三種,這個通過四種,這個通過一種調解而平息"。"不善於判斷"是指不知道如何通過判斷來達到調解。 "不知道行為"是指不知道譴責等七種行為。"不知道行為的方式"是指不知道"這個行為應該以這種方式進行"。"不知道行為的事實"是指不知道"這是譴責的事實,這是驅逐等的事實"。在七種行為中,不知道下面四種行為的十八種方式,三種驅逐行為的四十三種方式。"不知道行為的平息"是指不知道"哪個比丘在行為中行事並請求,應該停止其行為,應該承認過失"。 "不知道事實"是指不知道七種過失類別的事實。"不知道緣起"是指不知道"這個學處在這個城市被制定,這個在某處"。"不知道規定"是指不知道三種規定:原始規定、再次規定、未被規定的規定。"不知道詞語的顛倒"是指不知道應該在面前說的詞語。當應該說"佛陀世尊"時,說成"世尊佛陀",顛倒上下順序。 "在律法中不善"是指在律法文字和註釋中都不善。 "不知道提案"是指從簡略來說,提案有兩種 - 已明確說明和未明確說明。其中,未明確說明的稱為"行為提案"。已明確說明的稱為"行為步驟提案",完全不知道所有的提案。"不知道提案的方式"是指不知道在九個場合的行為提案的方式,在兩個場合的行為步驟提案的方式。"提案的宣告"是指不知道"這個提案有一個宣告,這個有三個"。"提案的調解"是指四種調解 - 正念調解、無迷惑調解、改善、草地覆蓋,沒有提案就不存在,不知道這是提案的調解。"提案的平息"是指不知道"這個爭議通過這四種提案調解而平息"是通過提案平息的。

Suttaṃ na jānātīti ubhatovibhaṅgaṃ na jānāti. Suttānulomaṃ na jānātīti cattāro mahāpadese na jānāti. Vinayaṃ na jānātīti khandhakaparivāraṃ na jānāti. Vinayānulomaṃ na jānātīti cattāro mahāpadeseyeva na jānāti. Na ca ṭhānāṭhānakusaloti kāraṇākāraṇakusalo na hoti.

Dhammaṃ na jānātīti ṭhapetvā vinayapiṭakaṃ avasesaṃ piṭakadvayaṃ na jānāti. Dhammānulomaṃ na jānātīti suttantike cattāro mahāpadese na jānāti. Vinayaṃ na jānātīti khandhakaparivārameva na jānāti. Vinayānulomaṃ na jānātīti cattāro mahāpadese na jānāti. Ubhatovibhaṅgā panettha asaṅgahitā honti, tasmāyaṃ kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ – 『『vinayanti sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ na jānātī』』ti taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na ca pubbāparakusalo hotīti purekathāya ca pacchākathāya ca akusalo hoti. Sesaṃ sabbattha vuttapaṭipakkhavasena ñeyyattā pubbe pakāsitattā ca uttānamevāti.

Anissitavagganappaṭippassambhanavaggavohāravaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Diṭṭhāvikammavaggavaṇṇanā

  1. Diṭṭhāvikammavagge – diṭṭhāvikammāti diṭṭhīnaṃ āvikammāni; laddhippakāsanāni āpattidesanāsaṅkhātānaṃ vinayakammānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Anāpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvi karotīti anāpattimeva āpattīti desetīti attho . Adesanāgāminiyāti garukāpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvikaroti; saṅghādisesañca pārājikañca desetīti attho. Desitāyāti lahukāpattiyāpi desitāya diṭṭhiṃ āvikaroti; desitaṃ puna desetīti attho.

Catūhi pañcahi diṭṭhinti yathā catūhi pañcahi diṭṭhi āvikatā hoti, evaṃ āvikaroti; cattāro pañca janā ekato āpattiṃ desentīti attho. Manomānasenāti manasaṅkhātena mānasena diṭṭhiṃ āvikaroti; vacībhedaṃ akatvā citteneva āpattiṃ desetīti attho.

Nānāsaṃvāsakassāti laddhinānāsaṃvāsakassa vā kammanānāsaṃvāsakassa vā santike diṭṭhiṃ āvikaroti; āpattiṃ desetīti attho. Nānāsīmāyāti samānasaṃvāsakassāpi nānāsīmāya ṭhitassa santike āvikaroti. Māḷakasīmāya hi ṭhitena sīmantarikāya ṭhitassa sīmantarikāya vā ṭhitena avippavāsasīmāya ṭhitassāpi āpattiṃ desetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Apakatattassāti ukkhittakassa vā, yassa vā uposathapavāraṇā ṭhapitā honti, tassa santike desetīti attho.

430.Nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātunti na pariyattaṃ kātuṃ; na kātabbanti attho. Idhāpi apakatatto ukkhittako ca ṭhapitauposathapavāraṇo ca. Cāvanādhippāyoti sāsanato cāvetukāmo.

432.Mandattāmomūhattāti mandabhāvena momūhabhāvena vissajjitampi jānituṃ asamattho, kevalaṃ attano momūhabhāvaṃ pakāsentoyeva pucchati ummattako viya. Pāpicchoti 『『evaṃ maṃ jano sambhāvessatī』』ti pāpikāya icchāya pucchati. Paribhavāti paribhavaṃ āropetukāmo hutvā pucchati. Aññabyākaraṇesupi eseva nayo. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti. Attādānavagge ca dhutaṅgavagge ca yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva.

Diṭṭhāvikammavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Musāvādavaggavaṇṇanā

Suttaṃ na jānātīti ubhatovibhaṅgaṃ na jānāti. Suttānulomaṃ na jānātīti cattāro mahāpadese na jānāti. Vinayaṃ na jānātīti khandhakaparivāraṃ na jānāti. Vinayānulomaṃ na jānātīti cattāro mahāpadeseyeva na jānāti. Na ca ṭhānāṭhānakusaloti kāraṇākāraṇakusalo na hoti. Dhammaṃ na jānātīti ṭhapetvā vinayapiṭakaṃ avasesaṃ piṭakadvayaṃ na jānāti. Dhammānulomaṃ na jānātīti suttantike cattāro mahāpadese na jānāti. Vinayaṃ na jānātīti khandhakaparivārameva na jānāti. Vinayānulomaṃ na jānātīti cattāro mahāpadese na jānāti. Ubhatovibhaṅgā panettha asaṅgahitā honti, tasmāyaṃ kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ – 『『vinayanti sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ na jānātī』』ti taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na ca pubbāparakusalo hotīti purekathāya ca pacchākathāya ca akusalo hoti. Sesaṃ sabbattha vuttapaṭipakkhavasena ñeyyattā pubbe pakāsitattā ca uttānamevāti. 關於不依賴的分類的描述和語言的分類已完成。 425. 在可見的行為部分——可見的行為是指信念的表現;是指對過失的說明,稱為戒律的行為。通過不受過失的影響而顯現信念,即是說明不受過失的過失。對於未說明的部分,指的是嚴重的過失;同時也說明僧團的其餘部分及根本過失。對於輕微過失的部分也顯現信念;再一次說明。 "通過四和五的信念"是指四和五的信念被顯現,這樣顯現;四個或五個人共同說明一個過失。通過心意顯現,是指通過內心的信念顯現過失;不通過語言的分裂,僅僅通過心意說明過失。 "關於多種聚集"是指在信念的表現中,依賴於信念的多種聚集;說明過失。"關於多種邊界"是指在相同聚集的情況下,顯現多種邊界。對於邊界的說明,依賴於邊界的規定和不離開邊界的情況,不能說明過失。對於未說明的部分,指的是在未規定的情況下,說明過失。 430. "不應進行允許的行為"是指不應進行規定的行為;意思是不可進行。在這裡,未規定的情況下,仍然需要進行齋戒和供養。關於戒律的說明,意在說明教義。 432. "因愚鈍而顯現"是指因愚鈍和無知而被解釋,無法瞭解,僅僅顯現自己的無知,像瘋子一樣詢問。因惡欲而詢問,認為"人們會這樣看待我",以惡的慾望詢問。因貶抑而詢問,意圖施加貶抑。其他的解釋也是如此。其餘部分在所有情況下都是顯而易見的。在自我給予和苦行的部分,所應述說的,全部在上面已說明。 關於可見的行為的描述已完成。 關於妄語的部分的描述。

  1. Musāvādavagge – pārājikaṃ gacchatīti pārājikagāmī; pārājikāpattibhāvaṃ pāpuṇātīti attho. Itaresupi eseva nayo. Tattha asantauttarimanussadhammārocanamusāvādo pārājikagāmī, amūlakena pārājikena anuddhaṃsanamusāvādo saṅghādisesagāmī, 『『yo te vihāre vasatī』』tiādinā pariyāyena jānantassa vuttamusāvādo thullaccayagāmī, ajānantassa dukkaṭagāmī, 『『sampajānamusāvāde pācittiya』』nti āgato pācittiyagāmīti veditabbo.

Adassanenāti vinayadharassa adassanena. Kappiyākappiyesu hi kukkucce uppanne vinayadharaṃ disvā kappiyākappiyabhāvaṃ paṭipucchitvā akappiyaṃ pahāya kappiyaṃ kareyya, taṃ apassanto pana akappiyampi kappiyanti karonto āpajjati. Evaṃ āpajjitabbaṃ āpattiṃ vinayadharassa dassanena nāpajjati, adassaneneva āpajjati, tena vuttaṃ 『『adassanenā』』ti. Assavanenāti ekavihārepi vasanto pana vinayadharassa upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā kappiyākappiyaṃ apucchitvā vā aññesañca vuccamānaṃ asuṇanto āpajjatiyeva, tena vuttaṃ 『『assavanenā』』ti. Pasuttakatāti pasuttakatāya. Sahagāraseyyañhi pasuttakabhāvenapi āpajjati. Akappiye kappiyasaññitāya āpajjanto pana tathāsaññī āpajjati. Satisammosā ekarattātikkamādivasena āpajjitabbaṃ āpajjati. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Musāvādavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Bhikkhunovādavaggavaṇṇanā

  1. Bhikkhunivagge – alābhāyāti catunnaṃ paccayānaṃ alābhatthāya; yathā paccaye na labhanti, tathā parisakkati vāyamatīti attho. Anatthāyāti anatthaṃ kalisāsanaṃ āropento parisakkati. Avāsāyāti avāsatthāya; yasmiṃ gāmakhette vasanti, tato nīharaṇatthāya. Sampayojetīti asaddhammapaṭisevanatthāya sampayojeti.

  2. 『『Katihi nu kho bhante aṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabba』』nti sattannaṃ kammānaṃ aññataraṃ sandhāya pucchati.

454.Na sākacchātabboti kappiyākappiyanāmarūpaparicchedasamathavipassanādibhedo kathāmaggo na kathetabbo. Yasmā pana khīṇāsavo bhikkhu na visaṃvādeti, tathārūpassa kathāmaggassa sāmī hutvā katheti, na itaro; tasmā paṭhamapañcake 『『na asekkhenā』』ti paṭikkhipitvā dutiyapañcake 『『asekkhenā』』tiādi vuttaṃ.

Na atthapaṭisambhidāpattoti aṭṭhakathāya paṭisambhidāpatto pabhedagatañāṇappatto na hoti. Na dhammapaṭisambhidāpattoti pāḷidhamme paṭisambhidāpatto na hoti. Na niruttipaṭisambhidāpattoti vohāraniruttiyaṃ paṭisambhidāpatto na hoti. Na paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāpattoti yāni tāni paṭibhānasaṅkhātāni atthapaṭisambhidādīni ñāṇāni, tesu paṭisambhidāpatto na hoti. Yathāvimuttaṃcittaṃ na paccavekkhitāti catunnaṃ phalavimuttīnaṃ vasena yathāvimuttaṃ cittaṃ ekūnavīsatibhedāya paccavekkhaṇāya na paccavekkhitā hoti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Bhikkhunovādavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Ubbāhikavaggavaṇṇanā

妄語部分——"去往過失"是指進入過失的狀態;"達到過失的狀態"是這個意思。在其他方面也是如此。在這裡,未受影響的人,因貪慾而顯現的妄語是進入過失的狀態;因根本過失而未被驅逐的妄語是進入僧團的剩餘部分;"你在寺院中居住"等類似的說法,顯現的妄語是進入重過失的狀態,因無知而進入輕過失的狀態,"明智的妄語是應受罰的"應被理解為應受罰的狀態。 "因未見而顯現"是指因戒律的持有者未見而顯現。因為在適當和不適當的情況下,看到戒律持有者后,詢問適當和不適當的情況,拋棄不適當而做適當;但未見而做不適當的事情,便會落入過失。因此,因未見而落入的過失,因未見而落入,因此說"因未見而"。 "因未聽而顯現"是指即使獨自在寺院中,戒律持有者也會前往,詢問適當和不適當的情況,或者在別人被稱為的情況下未聽而落入過失,因此說"因未聽而"。因被影響而顯現是指因被影響而落入。因為在與他人共同的情況下,即使因適當的情況而落入過失,因適當的情況而落入。因無知而落入的情況,因無知而落入的情況,因無知而落入的情況。其餘部分在所有情況下都是顯而易見的。 妄語部分的描述已完成。 僧侶部分——"爲了不失去四種條件";即不獲得條件,因此努力不懈。爲了不帶來損害而努力;意指施加不利的教義。爲了不失去住所;即在村莊和鄉間居住,因此為搬遷而努力。因不信而努力;是爲了不信教而努力。 "究竟,尊者,關於具備哪些方面的僧侶應當做什麼事情?"是指詢問七種行為中的某一行為。 "不應進行討論"是指關於適當和不適當的名相、形式、調解、觀察等方面的討論不應被提及。然而,因已斷煩惱的比丘不應被懷疑,因此作為此類討論的主人進行討論,而不是其他人;因此在第一五項中"不應以無知"為前提,而在第二五項中"以無知"等的說法。 "沒有獲得意義的分辨"是指在註釋中獲得的分辨不具備。 "沒有獲得法的分辨"是指在巴利文法中獲得的分辨不具備。 "沒有獲得語言的分辨"是指在語言的分辨中獲得的分辨不具備。 "沒有獲得辯才的分辨"是指那些被稱為辯才的四種分辨,獲得的分辨不具備。 "如意而心不被反思"是指在四種果實的解脫中,如意而心不被反思,因此不被反思。其餘部分在所有情況下都是顯而易見的。 僧侶部分的描述已完成。 關於強制的部分的描述。

  1. Ubbāhikavagge – na atthakusaloti na aṭṭhakathākusalo; atthuddhāre cheko na hoti. Na dhammakusaloti ācariyamukhato anuggahitattā pāḷiyaṃ na kusalo, na pāḷisūro. Naniruttikusaloti bhāsantaravohāre na kusalo. Na byañjanakusaloti sithiladhanitādivasena parimaṇḍalabyañjanāropane kusalo na hoti; na akkharaparicchede nipuṇoti attho. Na pubbāparakusaloti atthapubbāpare dhammapubbāpare niruttipubbāpare byañjanapubbāpare purekathāpacchākathāsu ca na kusalo hoti.

Kodhanotiādīni yasmā kodhādīhi abhibhūto kāraṇākāraṇaṃ na jānāti, vinicchituṃ na sakkoti, tasmā vuttāni. Pasāretā hotino sāretāti mohetā hoti, na satiuppādetā; codakacuditakānaṃ kathaṃ moheti pidahati na sāretīti attho. Sesamettha ubbāhikavagge uttānamevāti.

Ubbāhikavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Adhikaraṇavūpasamavaggavaṇṇanā

  1. Adhikaraṇavūpasamavagge – puggalagaru hotīti 『『ayaṃ me upajjhāyo, ayaṃ me ācariyo』』tiādīni cintetvā tassa jayaṃ ākaṅkhamāno 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』ti dīpeti. Saṅghagaru hotīti dhammañca vinayañca amuñcitvā vinicchinanto saṅghagaruko nāma hoti. Cīvarādīni gahetvā vinicchinanto āmisagaruko nāma hoti, tāni aggahetvā yathādhammaṃ vinicchinanto saddhammagaruko nāma hoti.

強制部分——"不善於意義"是指不善於註釋;在意義的提取上不熟練。"不善於法"是指因未得到老師的指導,在巴利文中不熟練,不擅長巴利文。"不善於語言"是指在不同語言的表達中不熟練。"不善於詞語"是指在輕重音等方面,不善於正確地安排詞語;意指在字母的劃分上不精通。"不善於前後"是指在意義的前後、法的前後、語言的前後、詞語的前後,以及之前和之後的敘述中不熟練。 因為被憤怒等所征服,不能瞭解原因和非原因,無法判斷,因此這些被說明。"不能擴充套件"是指迷惑者,不能喚起正念;意指在控告者和被控告者之間的對話中,使其迷惑並阻塞。在強制部分的其餘部分都是顯而易見的。 強制部分的描述已完成。 爭議平息部分——"對個人有偏重"是指思考"這是我的上師,這是我的老師"等,希望他獲勝,說明"非法為法"。"對僧團有偏重"是指不放棄正法和律法,在判斷時偏向僧團。拿取衣服等進行判斷時,稱為對物質有偏重;不拿取而按照正法判斷時,稱為對正法有偏重。

458.Pañcahupāli ākārehīti pañcahi kāraṇehi saṅgho bhijjati – kammena, uddesena, voharanto, anussāvanena, salākaggāhenāti. Ettha kammenāti apalokanādīsu catūsu kammesu aññatarena kammena. Uddesenāti pañcasu pātimokkhuddesesu aññatarena uddesena. Voharantoti kathayanto; tāhi tāhi upapattīhi 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』tiādīni aṭṭhārasa bhedakaravatthūni dīpento . Anussāvanenāti 『『nanu tumhe jānātha mayhaṃ uccākulā pabbajitabhāvaṃ bahussutabhāvañca, mādiso nāma uddhammaṃ ubbinayaṃ satthu sāsanaṃ gāheyyāti cittampi uppādetuṃ tumhākaṃ yuttaṃ, kiṃ mayhaṃ avīci nīluppalavanamiva sītalo, kimahaṃ apāyato na bhāyāmī』』tiādinā nayena kaṇṇamūle vacībhedaṃ katvā anussāvanena. Salākaggāhenāti evaṃ anussāvetvā tesaṃ cittaṃ upatthambhetvā anivattidhamme katvā 『『gaṇhatha imaṃ salāka』』nti salākaggāhena.

Ettha ca kammameva uddeso vā pamāṇaṃ, vohārānussāvanasalākaggāhā pana pubbabhāgā. Aṭṭhārasavatthudīpanavasena hi voharante tattha rucijananatthaṃ anussāvetvā salākāya gāhitāyapi abhinnova hoti saṅgho. Yadā pana evaṃ cattāro vā atireke vā salākaṃ gāhetvā āveṇikaṃ kammaṃ vā uddesaṃ vā karoti, tadā saṅgho bhinno nāma hoti. Iti yaṃ saṅghabhedakakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ avocumhā 『『evaṃ aṭṭhārasasu vatthūsu yaṃkiñci ekampi vatthuṃ dīpetvā tena tena kāraṇena 『imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā』ti saññāpetvā salākaṃ gāhetvā visuṃ saṅghakamme kate saṅgho bhinno hoti. Parivāre pana 『pañcahi, upāli, ākārehi saṅgho bhijjatī』tiādi vuttaṃ. Tassa iminā idha vuttena saṅghabhedalakkhaṇena atthato nānākaraṇaṃ natthi. Taṃ panassa nānākaraṇābhāvaṃ tattheva pakāsayissāmā』』ti, svāyaṃ pakāsito hoti.

Paññattetanti paññattaṃ etaṃ. Kva paññattaṃ? Vattakkhandhake. Tatra hi cuddasa khandhakavattāni paññattāni. Tenāha – 『『paññattetaṃ, upāli, mayā āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āgantukavatta』』ntiādi. Evampi kho upāli saṅgharāji hoti, no ca saṅghabhedoti ettāvatā hi saṅgharājimattameva hoti, na tāva saṅghabhedo; anupubbena pana ayaṃ saṅgharāji vaḍḍhamānā saṅghabhedāya saṃvattatīti attho. Yathārattanti rattiparimāṇānurūpaṃ; yathātheranti attho. Āvenibhāvaṃ karitvāti visuṃ vavatthānaṃ karitvā. Kammākammāni karontīti aparāparaṃ saṅghakammaṃ upādāya khuddakāni ceva mahantāni ca kammāni karonti. Sesametthāpi adhikaraṇavūpasamavagge uttānameva.

Saṅghabhedakavaggadvayavaṇṇanā

  1. Saṅghabhedavaggadvaye – vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ kammenāti tesu adhammādīsu adhammādayo eteti evaṃdiṭṭhikova hutvā taṃ diṭṭhiṃ vinidhāya te dhammādivasena dīpetvā visuṃ kammaṃ karoti. Iti yaṃ vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ kammaṃ karoti, tena evaṃ katena vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ kammena saddhiṃ pañcaṅgāni honti, 『『imehi kho upāli pañcahaṅgehī』』ti ayamekasmiṃ pañcake atthayojanā . Etena nayena sabbapañcakāni veditabbāni. Etthāpi ca vohārādi aṅgattayaṃ pubbabhāgavaseneva vuttaṃ. Kammuddesavasena pana atekicchatā veditabbā. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānameva. Na hettha kiñci atthi yaṃ pubbe avuttanayaṃ.

Āvāsikavaggavaṇṇanā

  1. Āvāsikavagge – yathābhataṃ nikkhittoti yathā āharitvā ṭhapito.

優波離啊,通過五種方式僧團被分裂——通過行為、誦戒、交談、宣告、抽籤。在此,"通過行為"是指四種行為中的任何一種,如道歉等。"通過誦戒"是指五種波提木叉誦戒中的任何一種。"通過交談"是指說話;通過各種情況,說明"非法為法"等十八種分裂的事由。"通過宣告"是指如"你們知道我出身高貴、已出家、多聞,像我這樣的人怎能接受邪法和邪律,違背師的教義?你們是否應該生起這樣的想法?我豈不像清涼的青蓮,我豈不怕墮落?"等方式,在耳邊進行語言分裂。"通過抽籤"是指這樣宣告后,支援他們的心意,使其不可逆轉,說"拿取這個簽"。 在此,行為或誦戒是標準,而交談、宣告、抽籤是前提。通過十八種事由說話時,爲了引起興趣而宣告,即使通過抽籤,僧團仍未分裂。然而,當通過四個或更多簽,進行特別的行為或誦戒時,僧團才被稱為分裂。正如我們在僧團分裂的章節中所說:"通過十八種事由中的任何一種,說明某事,並通過各種原因說服'接受這個,喜歡這個',通過抽籤進行單獨的僧團行為時,僧團就會分裂。"在《附錄》中說:"優波離啊,通過五種方式僧團被分裂。"對此,這裡所述的僧團分裂特徵,實質上並無不同。我們將在那裡闡明其不同之處。 "已被制定"是指已被制定。在何處被制定?在行為章節中。在那裡,十四種行為規則已被制定。因此說:"已被制定,優波離,我為來訪的比丘制定了來訪的儀規"等。優波離,這樣僧團的佇列就存在了,但尚未分裂;這僅僅是僧團隊列的形成,尚未分裂;但隨著這個佇列逐漸擴大,將導致僧團分裂。"按夜晚"是指符合夜晚的度量;"按長老"是這個意思。"做出獨特性"是指做出單獨的規定。"做行為和非行為"是指根據僧團行為,做各種小的和大的行為。在爭議平息部分的其餘部分都是顯而易見的。 在僧團分裂的兩個部分——"放棄信念的行為"是指在這些非法等中,放棄那些非法等的信念,成為這樣的信念,通過法等說明,進行單獨的行為。這樣通過放棄信念而做行為,與放棄信念的行為一起有五個部分,"優波離啊,通過這五個部分",這是在一個五部分中的意義闡述。以此方式應理解所有五部分。在此,交談等三個部分是作為前提被說明的。應通過行為和誦戒的方式理解其不可改變性。其餘部分在所有情況下都是顯而易見的。這裡沒有任何以前未說明的方式。 在居住部分——"按原樣放置"是指按照運來的方式放置。

462.Vinayabyākaraṇāti vinayapañhe vissajjanā. Pariṇāmetīti niyāmeti dīpeti katheti. Sesamettha uttānameva.

Kathinatthāravaggavaṇṇanā

  1. Kathinatthāravagge – otamasikoti andhakāragato; tañhi vandantassa mañcapādādīsupi nalāṭaṃ paṭihaññeyya. Asamannāharantoti kiccayapasutattā vandanaṃ asamannāharanto. Suttoti niddaṃ okkanto. Ekāvattoti ekato āvatto sapattapakkhe ṭhito verī visabhāgapuggalo vuccati; ayaṃ avandiyo. Ayañhi vandiyamāno pādenapi pahareyya. Aññavihitoti aññaṃ cintayamāno.

Khādantoti piṭṭhakhajjakādīni khādanto. Uccārañca passāvañca karonto anokāsagatattā avandiyo. Ukkhittakoti tividhenapi ukkhepanīyakammena ukkhittako avandiyo. Tajjanīyādikammakatā pana cattāro vanditabbā. Uposathapavāraṇāpi tehi saddhiṃ labbhanti. Ādito paṭṭhāya ca vuttesu avandiyesu naggañca ukkhittakañca vandantasseva āpatti. Itaresaṃ pana asāruppaṭṭhena ca antarā vuttakāraṇena ca vandanā paṭikkhittā. Ito paraṃ pacchāupasampannādayo dasapi āpattivatthubhāveneva avandiyā. Te vandantassa hi niyameneva āpatti. Iti imesu pañcasu pañcakesu terasa jane vandantassa anāpatti, dvādasannaṃ vandanāya āpatti.

468.Ācariyovandiyoti pabbajjācariyo upasampadācariyo nissayācariyo uddesācariyo ovādācariyoti ayaṃ pañcavidhopi ācariyo vandiyo. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Kathinatthāravaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Niṭṭhitā ca upālipañcakavaṇṇanā.

Āpattisamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā

470.Acittakoāpajjatītiādīsu sahaseyyādipaṇṇattivajjaṃ asañcicca āpajjanto acittako āpajjati, desento sacittako vuṭṭhāti. Yaṃkiñci sañcicca āpajjanto sacittako āpajjati, tiṇavatthārakena vuṭṭhahanto acittako vuṭṭhāti. Pubbe vuttameva tiṇavatthārakena vuṭṭhahanto acittako āpajjati, acittako vuṭṭhāti. Itaraṃ desento sacittako āpajjati, sacittako vuṭṭhāti. 『『Dhammadānaṃ karomī』』ti padasodhammādīni karonto kusalacitto āpajjati, 『『buddhānaṃ anusāsaniṃ karomī』』ti udaggacitto desento kusalacitto vuṭṭhāti. Domanassiko hutvā desento akusalacitto vuṭṭhāti, tiṇavatthārakena niddāgatova vuṭṭhahanto abyākatacitto vuṭṭhāti. Bhiṃsāpanādīni katvā 『『buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ karomī』』ti somanassiko desento akusalacitto āpajjati, kusalacitto vuṭṭhāti. Domanassikova desento akusalacitto vuṭṭhāti, vuttanayeneva tiṇavatthārakena vuṭṭhahanto abyākatacitto vuṭṭhāti. Niddokkantasamaye sahagāraseyyaṃ āpajjanto abyākatacitto āpajjati, vuttanayeneva panettha 『『kusalacitto vuṭṭhātī』』tiādi veditabbaṃ.

Paṭhamaṃ pārājikaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehītiādi pubbe vuttanayattā uttānameva.

473.Cattāro pārājikā katihi samuṭṭhānehītiādīsu ukkaṭṭhaparicchedato yaṃ yaṃ samuṭṭhānaṃ yassa yassa labbhati, taṃ sabbaṃ vuttameva hoti.

Āpattisamuṭṭhānavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Aparadutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikaṃ

(1) Kāyikādiāpattivaṇṇanā

"律藏解釋"是指對律藏問題的回答。"轉化"是指確定、闡明、解釋。在此部分的其餘內容都是顯而易見的。 在結束儀式部分——"進入黑暗"是指陷入黑暗;對於正在禮拜的人,即使在床腳等處也無法碰觸額頭。"未專注"是指因忙於事務,未專注于禮拜。"睡著"是指進入睡眠。"單獨轉向"是指站在對立面,處於敵對狀態的人被稱為;這是不應禮拜的。即使在被禮拜時,他也可能用腳攻擊。"思考其他"是指思考其他事情。 "正在咀嚼"是指正在咀嚼麵包等。正在排泄大小便,因處於不恰當的位置而不應禮拜。"被驅逐者"是指因三種驅逐行為而被驅逐,不應禮拜。但經過訓誡等四種行為后可以被禮拜。優婆塞和布薩儀式也可以與他們一起進行。從一開始提到的不應禮拜者中,對於禮拜裸體者和被驅逐者有過失。對於其他人,因不適當和中間提到的原因,禮拜被禁止。此後,後來出家等十種情況僅因過失而不應禮拜。對於禮拜他們的人,必定有過失。因此,在這五個五部分中,對於禮拜十三人無過失,對於禮拜十二人有過失。 "應禮拜的老師"是指出家的老師、授具足戒的老師、依止的老師、誦戒的老師、教導的老師,這五種老師都應被禮拜。其餘部分在所有情況下都是顯而易見的。 結束結束儀式部分的描述。 優波離五部分的描述已完成。 在過失起源部分——關於"無意識地犯過失"等,除了共同睡眠等已制定的禁忌外,無意識地犯過失是無意識的,在解釋時是有意識的。任何有意識地犯過失都是有意識的,用草遮蓋時退出是無意識的。之前提到的用草遮蓋時退出是無意識地犯過失,無意識地退出。其他情況下解釋時是有意識地犯過失,有意識地退出。"我在佈施法"時,清凈心地做詞語凈化等,"我在宣講佛陀的教導"時,興奮地解釋是清凈心。因悲傷而解釋時是不善心退出,用草遮蓋睡著時退出是無記心。做恐嚇等,"我在宣講佛陀的教導"時,歡喜地解釋是不善心犯過失,清凈心退出。因悲傷解釋時是不善心退出,按先前方式用草遮蓋退出時是無記心。在進入睡眠時與他人共同睡眠,是無記心犯過失,但按先前方式應理解為"清凈心退出"等。 關於"四種根本過失有多少起源"等,從最嚴重的限定來看,每種過失的起源都已被提及。 過失起源部分的描述已完成。 第二首詩歌集 身體等過失的描述

  1. 『『Kati āpattiyo kāyikā』』tiādigāthānaṃ vissajjane cha āpattiyo kāyikāti antarapeyyāle catutthena āpattisamuṭṭhānena cha āpattiyo āpajjati, 『『bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati, āpatti pārājikassā』』tiādinā nayena vuttāpattiyo. Kāyadvāre samuṭṭhitattā hi etā kāyikāti vuccanti. Cha vācasikāti tasmiṃyeva antarapeyyāle pañcamena āpattisamuṭṭhānena cha āpattiyo āpajjati, 『『bhikkhu pāpiccho icchāpakato』』tiādinā nayena vuttāpattiyo. Chādentassa tissoti vajjapaṭicchādikāya bhikkhuniyā pārājikaṃ, bhikkhussa saṅghādisesapaṭicchādane pācittiyaṃ, attano duṭṭhullāpattipaṭicchādane dukkaṭaṃ. Pañca saṃsaggapaccayāti bhikkhuniyā kāyasaṃsagge pārājikaṃ, bhikkhuno saṅghādiseso, kāyena kāyapaṭibaddhe thullaccayaṃ, nissaggiyena kāyapaṭibaddhe dukkaṭaṃ, aṅgulipatodake pācittiyanti imā kāyasaṃsaggapaccayā pañcāpattiyo.

Aruṇugge tissoti ekarattachārattasattāhadasāhamāsātikkamavasena nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ, bhikkhuniyā rattivippavāse saṅghādiseso, 『『paṭhamampi yāmaṃ chādeti, dutiyampi tatiyampi yāmaṃ chādeti, uddhaste aruṇe channā hoti āpatti, yo chādeti so dukkaṭaṃ desāpetabbo』』ti imā aruṇugge tisso āpattiyo āpajjati. Dve yāvatatiyakāti ekādasa yāvatatiyakā nāma, paññattivasena pana dve honti bhikkhūnaṃ yāvatatiyakā bhikkhunīnaṃ yāvatatiyakāti. Ekettha aṭṭhavatthukāti bhikkhunīnaṃyeva ekā ettha imasmiṃ sāsane aṭṭhavatthukā nāma. Ekena sabbasaṅgahoti 『『yassa siyā āpatti, so āvikareyyā』』ti iminā ekena nidānuddesena sabbasikkhāpadānañca sabbapātimokkhuddesānañca saṅgaho hoti.

Vinayassa dve mūlānīti kāyo ceva vācā ca. Garukā dve vuttāti pārājikasaṅghādisesā . Dve duṭṭhullacchādanāti vajjapaṭicchādikāya pārājikaṃ saṅghādisesaṃ paṭicchādakassa pācittiyanti imā dve duṭṭhullacchādanāpattiyo nāma.

Gāmantare catassoti 『『bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidahati, dukkaṭaṃ; aññassa gāmassa upacāraṃ okkamati, pācittiyaṃ; bhikkhuniyā gāmantaraṃ gacchantiyā parikkhitte gāme paṭhamapāde thullaccayaṃ, dutiyapāde saṅghādiseso; aparikkhittassa paṭhamapāde upacārokkamane thullaccayaṃ, dutiyapāde saṅghādiseso』』ti imā gāmantare dukkaṭapācittiyathullaccayasaṅghaādisesavasena catasso āpattiyo. Catasso nadipārapaccayāti 『『bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidahati, dukkaṭaṃ; nāvaṃ abhiruhati, pācittiyaṃ; bhikkhuniyā nadipāraṃ gacchantiyā uttaraṇakāle paṭhamapāde thullaccayaṃ, dutiyapāde saṅghādiseso』』ti imā catasso. Ekamaṃse thullaccayanti manussamaṃse. Navamaṃsesu dukkaṭanti sesaakappiyamaṃsesu.

關於"多少身體過失"等詩歌的回答中,通過第四種過失起源,有六種身體過失,如"比丘實踐非梵行,犯波羅夷罪"等所述的過失。因為這些是在身體通道中產生,所以被稱為身體過失。六種語言過失是通過第五種過失起源,如"比丘有惡欲,被欲所驅"等所述的過失。 對遮蓋者來說,有三種:對遮蓋犯波羅夷罪的比丘尼,對遮蓋比丘的僧殘罪,對遮蓋自己的嚴重過失為惡作。五種接觸因:與比丘尼的身體接觸犯波羅夷罪,對比丘為僧殘,身體與身體相連為重罪,與身體相連為尼薩耆罪,在手指觸控時為波逸提罪,這些是身體接觸的五種過失。 在晨曦時,有三種:根據一夜、七夜、十天、一月的延誤為尼薩耆波逸提罪,比丘尼夜間離開為僧殘,"第一更、第二更、第三更遮蓋,晨曦升起時被遮蓋為過失,遮蓋者犯惡作,應被驅逐",這些是晨曦時的三種過失。兩種直到第三次:有十一種直到第三次,根據制定,對比丘有兩種,對比丘尼有兩種。在此有八種事由:在這個教法中,僅對比丘尼有八種事由。通過一種總括:通過"誰有過失,誰應揭示"這一因由,總括所有學處和波提木叉誦戒。 律藏有兩個根本:身體和語言。兩種嚴重的已被說明:波羅夷和僧殘。兩種嚴重遮蓋:對遮蓋波羅夷和僧殘的犯波逸提罪。 在村莊間有四種:比丘與比丘尼共謀為惡作,進入另一個村莊的範圍為波逸提,比丘尼在被圍繞的村莊中行走,第一步為重罪,第二步為僧殘;在未被圍繞的村莊,第一步進入範圍為重罪,第二步為僧殘。在河對岸有四種:比丘與比丘尼共謀為惡作,登船為波逸提,比丘尼渡河時,第一步為重罪,第二步為僧殘。一塊人肉為重罪,九塊肉為惡作,即其餘可接受的肉。

Dve vācasikā rattinti bhikkhunī rattandhakāre appadīpe purisena saddhiṃ hatthapāse ṭhitā sallapati , pācittiyaṃ; hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā ṭhitā sallapati, dukkaṭaṃ. Dve vācasikā divāti bhikkhunī divā paṭicchanne okāse purisena saddhiṃ hatthapāse ṭhitā sallapati, pācittiyaṃ; hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā sallapati, dukkaṭaṃ. Dadamānassa tissoti maraṇādhippāyo manussassa visaṃ deti, so ce tena marati, pārājikaṃ; yakkhapetānaṃ deti, te ce maranti, thullaccayaṃ; tiracchānagatassa deti, so ce marati, pācittiyaṃ; aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaradāne pācittiyanti evaṃ dadamānassa tisso āpattiyo. Cattāro ca paṭiggaheti hatthaggāha-veṇiggāhesu saṅghādiseso, mukhena aṅgajātaggahaṇe pārājikaṃ, aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvarapaṭiggahaṇe nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ, avassutāya avassutassa hatthato khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiggaṇhantiyā thullaccayaṃ; evaṃ paṭiggahe cattāro āpattikkhandhā honti.

(2) Desanāgāminiyādivaṇṇanā

Dve vācasikā rattinti bhikkhunī rattandhakāre appadīpe purisena saddhiṃ hatthapāse ṭhitā sallapati, pācittiyaṃ; hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā ṭhitā sallapati, dukkaṭaṃ。Dve vācasikā divāti bhikkhunī divā paṭicchanne okāse purisena saddhiṃ hatthapāse ṭhitā sallapati, pācittiyaṃ; hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā sallapati, dukkaṭaṃ。Dadamānassa tissoti maraṇādhippāyo manussassa visaṃ deti, so ce tena marati, pārājikaṃ; yakkhapetānaṃ deti, te ce maranti, thullaccayaṃ; tiracchānagatassa deti, so ce marati, pācittiyaṃ; aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaradāne pācittiyanti evaṃ dadamānassa tisso āpattiyo。Cattāro ca paṭiggaheti hatthaggāha-veṇiggāhesu saṅghādiseso, mukhena aṅgajātaggahaṇe pārājikaṃ, aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvarapaṭiggahaṇe nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ, avassutāya avassutassa hatthato khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiggaṇhantiyā thullaccayaṃ;evaṃ paṭiggahe cattāro āpattikkhandhā honti。 (2) 講解者的描述

475.Pañca desanāgāminiyoti lahukā pañca. Cha sappaṭikammāti pārājikaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesā. Ekettha appaṭikammāti ekā pārājikāpatti.

Vinayagarukādve vuttāti pārājikañceva saṅghādisesañca. Kāyavācasikāni cāti sabbāneva sikkhāpadāni kāyavācasikāni, manodvāre paññattaṃ ekasikkhāpadampi natthi. Eko vikāle dhaññarasoti loṇasovīrakaṃ. Ayameva hi eko dhaññaraso vikāle vaṭṭati. Ekā ñatticatutthena sammutīti bhikkhunovādakasammuti. Ayameva hi ekā ñatticatutthakammena sammuti anuññātā.

Pārājikā kāyikā dveti bhikkhūnaṃ methunapārājikaṃ bhikkhunīnañca kāyasaṃsaggapārājikaṃ. Dve saṃvāsabhūmiyoti attanā vā attānaṃ samānasaṃvāsakaṃ karoti, samaggo vā saṅgho ukkhittaṃ osāreti. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『samānasaṃvāsakabhūmi ca nānāsaṃvāsakabhūmi cā』』ti evaṃ dve saṃvāsabhūmiyo vuttā. Dvinnaṃ ratticchedoti pārivāsikassa ca mānattacārikassa ca paññattā. Dvaṅgulā duveti dve dvaṅgulapaññattiyo, 『『dvaṅgulapabbaparamaṃ ādātabba』』nti ayamekā, 『『dvaṅgulaṃ vā dvemāsaṃ vā』』ti ayamekā.

Dve attānaṃ vadhitvānāti bhikkhunī attānaṃ vadhitvā dve āpattiyo āpajjati; vadhati rodati, āpatti pācittiyassa; vadhati na rodati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dvīhi saṅgho bhijjatīti kammena ca salākaggāhena ca. Dvetthapaṭhamāpattikāti ettha sakalepi vinaye dve paṭhamāpattikā ubhinnaṃ paññattivasena. Itarathā pana nava bhikkhūnaṃ nava bhikkhunīnanti aṭṭhārasa honti. Ñattiyā karaṇā duveti dve ñattikiccāni – kammañca kammapādakā ca. Navasu ṭhānesu kammaṃ hoti, dvīsu kammapādabhāvena tiṭṭhati.

Pāṇātipāte tissoti 『『anodissa opātaṃ khaṇati, sace manusso marati, pārājikaṃ; yakkhapetānaṃ maraṇe thullaccayaṃ; tiracchānagatassa maraṇe pācittiya』』nti imā tisso honti. Vācā pārājikā tayoti vajjapaṭicchādikāya ukkhittānuvattikāya aṭṭhavatthukāyāti. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『āṇattiyā adinnādāne, manussamaraṇe, uttarimanussadhammaullapane cā』』ti evaṃ tayo vuttā. Obhāsanā tayoti vaccamaggaṃ passāvamaggaṃ ādissa vaṇṇāvaṇṇabhāsane saṅghādiseso, vaccamaggaṃ passāvamaggaṃ ṭhapetvā adhakkhakaṃ ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ ādissa vaṇṇāvaṇṇabhaṇane thullaccayaṃ, ubbhakkhakaṃ adhojāṇumaṇḍalaṃ ādissa vaṇṇāvaṇṇabhaṇane dukkaṭaṃ. Sañcarittena vā tayoti paṭiggaṇhāti vīmaṃsati paccāharati , āpatti saṅghādisesassa; paṭiggaṇhāti vīmaṃsati na paccāharati, āpatti thullaccayassa; paṭiggaṇhāti na vīmaṃsati na paccāharati, āpatti dukkaṭassāti ime sañcarittena kāraṇabhūtena tayo āpattikkhandhā honti.

五種講解者是輕微的五種。六種有補救的是除了波羅夷之外的其餘部分。在此只有一種無補救的是波羅夷過失。 律藏的兩種嚴重的已被說明是波羅夷和僧殘。身體語言的是所有學處都是身體語言的,在意門制定的學處一個也沒有。一種不適時的穀物味是鹽和蘇維拉卡。這確實是唯一一種在不適時允許的穀物味。一種由第四種動議確定的是比丘教導的確定。這確實是唯一一種由第四種動議確定的被允許的。 波羅夷是身體的兩種是比丘的非梵行波羅夷和比丘尼的身體接觸波羅夷。兩種共同生活場所是自己使自己成為同一共同生活者,或和合的僧團將被驅逐的人納入。在《庫倫第》中,還說有"同一共同生活場所和不同共同生活場所"兩種。兩種夜的切斷是爲了補足者和接受懲戒者。兩種指頭是兩種指頭制定,"最多可取一個指節"是一種,"一個指頭或兩個月"是另一種。 兩種自我傷害是比丘尼自我傷害犯兩種過失:傷害並哭泣,犯波逸提罪;傷害不哭泣,犯惡作罪。僧團因兩種方式被分裂是通過行動和抽籤。在這裡的兩種首次過失是在整個律藏中,根據兩種制定的首次過失。否則,對於九個比丘和九個比丘尼,共有十八個。通過動議的兩種是動議行為和動議基礎。在九種情況下有行動,在兩種情況下以動議基礎存在。 在殺生中有三種:挖無目標的坑,如果人死亡為波羅夷,夜叉和餓鬼死亡為重罪,畜生死亡為波逸提,這三種存在。語言波羅夷有三種是對遮蓋過失、被驅逐的追隨者和八種事由。在《庫倫第》中,還說有"通過命令的非法所得,殺人,超人法的誹謗"三種。三種暴露是對大小便道指出好壞的僧殘,除大小便道外指出膝蓋上半部分為重罪,指出膝蓋下半部分為惡作。三種因行為是接受、審查、收回,犯僧殘;接受、審查但不收回,犯重罪;接受、不審查不收回,犯惡作,這三種因行為是過失的原因。

Tayo puggalā na upasampādetabbāti addhānahīno aṅgahīno vatthuvipanno ca tesaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ vuttameva. Apicettha yo pattacīvarena aparipūro, paripūro ca na yācati, imepi aṅgahīneneva saṅgahitā. Mātughātakādayo ca karaṇadukkaṭakā paṇḍakaubhatobyañjanakatiracchānagatasaṅkhātena vatthuvipanneneva saṅgahitāti veditabbā. Esa nayo kurundiyaṃ vutto. Tayo kammānaṃ saṅgahāti ñattikappanā, vippakatapaccattaṃ, atītakaraṇanti. Tattha 『『dadeyya kareyyā』』tiādibhedā ñattikappanā; 『『deti karotī』』tiādibhedaṃ vippakatapaccattaṃ; 『『dinnaṃ kata』』ntiādibhedaṃ atītakaraṇaṃ nāmāti imehi tīhi kammāni saṅgayhanti. Aparehipi tīhi kammāni saṅgayhanti – vatthunā, ñattiyā, anussāvanāyāti. Vatthusampannañhi ñattisampannaṃ anussāvanasampannañca kammaṃ nāma hoti, tena vuttaṃ 『『tayo kammānaṃ saṅgahā』』ti. Nāsitakā tayo nāma mettiyaṃ bhikkhuniṃ nāsetha, dūsako nāsetabbo, dasahaṅgehi samannāgato sāmaṇero nāsetabbo, kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ nāsethāti evaṃ liṅgasaṃvāsadaṇḍakammanāsanāvasena tayo nāsitakā veditabbā. Tiṇṇannaṃ ekavācikāti 『『anujānāmi bhikkhave dve tayo ekānussāvane kātu』』nti vacanato tiṇṇaṃ janānaṃ ekupajjhāyena nānācariyena ekānussāvanā vaṭṭati.

Adinnādāne tissoti pāde vā atirekapāde vā pārājikaṃ, atirekamāsake thullaccayaṃ, māsake vā ūnamāsake vā dukkaṭaṃ. Catasso methunapaccayāti akkhayite pārājikaṃ, yebhuyyena khayite thullaccayaṃ, vivaṭakate mukhe dukkaṭaṃ, jatumaṭṭhake pācittiyaṃ. Chindantassa tissoti vanappatiṃ chindantassa pārājikaṃ, bhūtagāme pācittiyaṃ, aṅgajāte thullaccayaṃ. Pañca chaḍḍitapaccayāti anodissa visaṃ chaḍḍeti, sace tena manusso marati, pārājikaṃ; yakkhapetesu thullaccayaṃ; tiracchānagate pācittiyaṃ; vissaṭṭhichaḍḍane saṅghādiseso; sekhiyesu harite uccārapassāvachaḍḍane dukkaṭaṃ – imā chaḍḍitapaccayā pañcāpattiyo honti.

Pācittiyenadukkaṭā katāti bhikkhunovādakavaggasmiṃ dasasu sikkhāpadesu pācittiyena saddhiṃ dukkaṭā katā evāti attho. Caturettha navakā vuttāti paṭhamasikkhāpadamhiyeva adhammakamme dve, dhammakamme dveti evaṃ cattāro navakā vuttāti attho. Dvinnaṃ cīvarena cāti bhikkhūnaṃ santike upasampannāya cīvaraṃ dentassa pācittiyaṃ, bhikkhunīnaṃ santike upasampannāya dentassa dukkaṭanti evaṃ dvinnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ cīvaraṃ dentassa cīvarena kāraṇabhūtena āpatti hotīti attho.

Aṭṭha pāṭidesanīyāti pāḷiyaṃ āgatā eva. Bhuñjantāmakadhaññena pācittiyena dukkaṭā katāti āmakadhaññaṃ viññāpetvā bhuñjantiyā pācittiyena saddhiṃ dukkaṭā katāyeva.

Tayo puggalā na upasampādetabbāti addhānahīno aṅgahīno vatthuvipanno ca tesaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ vuttameva。 Apicettha yo pattacīvarena aparipūro, paripūro ca na yācati, imepi aṅgahīneneva saṅgahitā。 Mātughātakādayo ca karaṇadukkaṭakā paṇḍakaubhatobyañjanakatiracchānagatasaṅkhātena vatthuvipanneneva saṅgahitāti veditabbā。 Esa nayo kurundiyaṃ vutto。 Tayo kammānaṃ saṅgahāti ñattikappanā, vippakatapaccattaṃ, atītakaraṇanti。 Tattha 『『dadeyya kareyyā』』tiādibhedā ñattikappanā; 『『deti karotī』』tiādibhedaṃ vippakatapaccattaṃ; 『『dinnaṃ kata』』ntiādibhedaṃ atītakaraṇaṃ nāmāti imehi tīhi kammāni saṅgayhanti。 Aparehipi tīhi kammāni saṅgayhanti – vatthunā, ñattiyā, anussāvanāyāti。 Vatthusampannañhi ñattisampannaṃ anussāvanasampannañca kammaṃ nāma hoti, tena vuttaṃ 『『tayo kammānaṃ saṅgahā』』ti。 Nāsitakā tayo nāma mettiyaṃ bhikkhuniṃ nāsetha, dūsako nāsetabbo, dasahaṅgehi samannāgato sāmaṇero nāsetabbo, kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ nāsethāti evaṃ liṅgasaṃvāsadaṇḍakammanāsanāvasena tayo nāsitakā veditabbā。 Tiṇṇannaṃ ekavācikāti 『『anujānāmi bhikkhave dve tayo ekānussāvane kātu』』nti vacanato tiṇṇaṃ janānaṃ ekupajjhāyena nānācariyena ekānussāvanā vaṭṭati。 Adinnādāne tissoti pāde vā atirekapāde vā pārājikaṃ, atirekamāsake thullaccayaṃ, māsake vā ūnamāsake vā dukkaṭaṃ。 Catasso methunapaccayāti akkhayite pārājikaṃ, yebhuyyena khayite thullaccayaṃ, vivaṭakate mukhe dukkaṭaṃ, jatumaṭṭhake pācittiyaṃ。 Chindantassa tissoti vanappatiṃ chindantassa pārājikaṃ, bhūtagāme pācittiyaṃ, aṅgajāte thullaccayaṃ。 Pañca chaḍḍitapaccayāti anodissa visaṃ chaḍḍeti, sace tena manusso marati, pārājikaṃ; yakkhapetesu thullaccayaṃ; tiracchānagate pācittiyaṃ; vissaṭṭhichaḍḍane saṅghādiseso; sekhiyesu harite uccārapassāvachaḍḍane dukkaṭaṃ – imā chaḍḍitapaccayā pañcāpattiyo honti。 Pācittiyenadukkaṭā katāti bhikkhunovādakavaggasmiṃ dasasu sikkhāpadesu pācittiyena saddhiṃ dukkaṭā katā evāti attho。 Caturettha navakā vuttāti paṭhamasikkhāpadamhiyeva adhammakamme dve, dhammakamme dveti evaṃ cattāro navakā vuttāti attho。 Dvinnaṃ cīvarena cāti bhikkhūnaṃ santike upasampannāya cīvaraṃ dentassa pācittiyaṃ, bhikkhunīnaṃ santike upasampannāya dentassa dukkaṭanti evaṃ dvinnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ cīvaraṃ dentassa cīvarena kāraṇabhūtena āpatti hotīti attho。 Aṭṭha pāṭidesanīyāti pāḷiyaṃ āgatā eva。 Bhuñjantāmakadhaññena pācittiyena dukkaṭā katāti āmakadhaññaṃ viññāpetvā bhuñjantiyā pācittiyena saddhiṃ dukkaṭā katāyeva。

Gacchantassa catassoti bhikkhuniyā vā mātugāmena vā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya gacchantassa dukkaṭaṃ, gāmūpacārokkamane pācittiyaṃ, yā bhikkhunī ekā gāmantaraṃ gacchati, tassā gāmūpacāraṃ okkamantiyā paṭhamapāde thullaccayaṃ, dutiyapāde saṅghādisesoti gacchantassa imā catasso āpattiyo honti. Ṭhitassa cāpi tattakāti ṭhitassapi catasso evāti attho. Kathaṃ? Bhikkhunī andhakāre vā paṭicchanne vā okāse mittasanthavavasena purisassa hatthapāse tiṭṭhati, pācittiyaṃ; hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā tiṭṭhati, dukkaṭaṃ; aruṇuggamanakāle dutiyikāya hatthapāsaṃ vijahantī tiṭṭhati, thullaccayaṃ; vijahitvā tiṭṭhati, saṅghādisesoti nisinnassa catasso āpattiyo. Nipannassāpi tattakāti sacepi hi sā nisīdati vā nipajjati vā, etāyeva catasso āpattiyo āpajjati.

(3) Pācittiyavaṇṇanā

Gacchantassa catassoti bhikkhuniyā vā mātugāmena vā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya gacchantassa dukkaṭaṃ, gāmūpacārokkamane pācittiyaṃ, yā bhikkhunī ekā gāmantaraṃ gacchati, tassā gāmūpacāraṃ okkamantiyā paṭhamapāde thullaccayaṃ, dutiyapāde saṅghādisesoti gacchantassa imā catasso āpattiyo honti。 Ṭhitassa cāpi tattakāti ṭhitassapi catasso evāti attho。 Kathaṃ? Bhikkhunī andhakāre vā paṭicchanne vā okāse mittasanthavavasena purisassa hatthapāse tiṭṭhati, pācittiyaṃ; hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā tiṭṭhati, dukkaṭaṃ; aruṇuggamanakāle dutiyikāya hatthapāsaṃ vijahantī tiṭṭhati, thullaccayaṃ; vijahitvā tiṭṭhati, saṅghādisesoti nisinnassa catasso āpattiyo。 Nipannassāpi tattakāti sacepi hi sā nisīdati vā nipajjati vā, etāyeva catasso āpattiyo āpajjati。

476.Pañca pācittiyānīti pañca bhesajjāni paṭiggahetvā nānābhājanesu vā ekabhājane vā amissetvā ṭhapitāni honti, sattāhātikkame so bhikkhu pañca pācittiyāni sabbāni nānāvatthukāni ekakkhaṇe āpajjati, 『『imaṃ paṭhamaṃ āpanno, imaṃ pacchā』』ti na vattabbo.

Nava pācittiyānīti yo bhikkhu nava paṇītabhojanāni viññāpetvā tehi saddhiṃ ekato ekaṃ kabaḷaṃ omadditvā mukhe pakkhipitvā paragaḷaṃ atikkāmeti, ayaṃ nava pācittiyāni sabbāni nānāvatthukāni ekakkhaṇe āpajjati 『『imaṃ paṭhamaṃ āpanno, imaṃ pacchā』』ti na vattabbo. Ekavācāya deseyyāti 『『ahaṃ, bhante, pañca bhesajjāni paṭiggahetvā sattāhaṃ atikkāmetvā pañca āpattiyo āpanno, tā tumhamūle paṭidesemī』』ti evaṃ ekavācāya deseyya, desitāva honti, dvīhi tīhi vācāhi kiccaṃ nāma natthi. Dutiyavissajjanepi 『『ahaṃ, bhante, nava paṇītabhojanāni viññāpetvā bhuñjitvā nava āpattiyo āpanno, tā tumhamūle paṭidesemī』』ti vattabbaṃ.

Vatthuṃ kittetvā deseyyāti 『『ahaṃ, bhante, pañca bhesajjāni paṭiggahetvā sattāhaṃ atikkāmesiṃ, yathāvatthukaṃ taṃ tumhamūle paṭidesemī』』ti evaṃ vatthuṃ kittetvā deseyya, desitāva honti āpattiyo, āpattiyā nāmaggahaṇena kiccaṃ natthi. Dutiyavissajjanepi 『『ahaṃ, bhante, nava paṇītabhojanāni viññāpetvā bhutto, yathāvatthukaṃ taṃ tumhamūle paṭidesemī』』ti vattabbaṃ.

Yāvatatiyake tissoti ukkhittānuvattikāya pārājikaṃ bhedakānuvattakānaṃ kokālikādīnaṃ saṅghādisesaṃ, pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge caṇḍakāḷikāya ca bhikkhuniyā pācittiyanti imā yāvatatiyakā tisso āpattiyo. Cha vohārapaccayāti payuttavācāpaccayā cha āpattiyo āpajjatīti attho. Kathaṃ? Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā pāpiccho icchāpakato asantaṃ abhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ ullapati, āpatti pārājikassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sañcarittaṃ samāpajjati, āpatti saṅghādisesassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā yo te vihāre vasati so arahāti vadati, āpatti thullaccayassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhu paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhunī paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sūpaṃ vā odanaṃ vā agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.

Khādantassa tissoti manussamaṃse thullaccayaṃ, avasesesu akappiyamaṃsesu dukkaṭaṃ, bhikkhuniyā lasuṇe pācittiyaṃ. Pañca bhojanapaccayāti avassutā avassutassa purisassa hatthato bhojanaṃ gahetvā tattheva manussamaṃsaṃ lasuṇaṃ attano atthāya viññāpetvā gahitapaṇītabhojanāni avasesañca akappiyamaṃsaṃ pakkhipitvā vomissakaṃ omadditvā ajjhoharamānā saṅghādisesaṃ, thullaccayaṃ, pācittiyaṃ, pāṭidesanīyaṃ, dukkaṭanti imā pañca āpattiyo bhojanapaccayā āpajjati.

五種波逸提是五種藥品被接受后,或在不同器皿或同一器皿中未混合而儲存,超過七天後,那位比丘將同時犯下五種不同情況的波逸提,不應說"這是第一個犯的,那是後來犯的"。 九種波逸提是:某比丘請求九種精美食物,與它們一起混合成一口,放入口中,經過喉嚨,這位比丘將同時犯下九種不同情況的波逸提,不應說"這是第一個犯的,那是後來犯的"。 以一句話懺悔是說:"尊者,我接受了五種藥品,超過七天,犯了五種過失,我在您面前懺悔"。如此以一句話懺悔,即為懺悔,用兩三句話是沒有必要的。第二種情況下也應說:"尊者,我請求了九種精美食物,食用后犯了九種過失,我在您面前懺悔"。 述說事由后懺悔是說:"尊者,我接受了五種藥品,超過七天,我將按照事由在您面前懺悔"。如此述說事由后懺悔,過失即被懺悔,不需要提及過失的名稱。第二種情況下也應說:"尊者,我請求了九種精美食物並食用,我將按照事由在您面前懺悔"。 在第三次中有三種是被驅逐的追隨者的波羅夷,分裂僧團追隨者如可卡利卡等的僧殘,對於邪惡見不放棄的旃陀迦梨比丘尼的波逸提,這三種是第三次的。六種語言因由是由於聯繫語言而犯六種過失。如何?因生計動機,貪婪、出於慾望,說不存在的超人法,犯波羅夷罪。因生計動機,捲入行為,犯僧殘罪。因生計動機,說"那住在寺院的是阿羅漢",犯重罪。因生計動機,比丘為自己利益請求並食用精美食物,犯波逸提罪。因生計動機,比丘尼為自己利益請求並食用精美食物,犯應悔罪。因生計動機,非病比丘為自己利益請求並食用湯或飯,犯惡作罪。 在食用中有三種:人肉犯重罪,其他不允許的肉犯惡作罪,比丘尼食用大蒜犯波逸提罪。五種食物因由是:被污染的比丘從被污染的男性手中接過食物,在那裡為自己利益請求人肉、大蒜,加入已請求的精美食物和其他不允許的肉,混合后吞嚥,犯僧殘、重罪、波逸提、應悔、惡作五種過失。

Pañca ṭhānānīti 『『ukkhittānuvattikāya bhikkhuniyā yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanāya appaṭinissajjantiyā ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ, dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayaṃ, kammavācāpariyosāne āpatti pārājikassa, saṅghabhedāya parakkamanādīsu saṅghādiseso, pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge pācittiya』』nti evaṃ sabbā yāvatatiyakā pañca ṭhānāni gacchanti. Pañcannañceva āpattīti āpatti nāma pañcannaṃ sahadhammikānaṃ hoti, tattha dvinnaṃ nippariyāyena āpattiyeva, sikkhāmānasāmaṇerisāmaṇerānaṃ pana akappiyattā na vaṭṭati. Iminā pariyāyena tesaṃ āpatti na desāpetabbā, daṇḍakammaṃ pana tesaṃ kātabbaṃ. Pañcannaṃ adhikaraṇena cāti adhikaraṇañca pañcannamevāti attho. Etesaṃyeva hi pañcannaṃ pattacīvarādīnaṃ atthāya vinicchayavohāro adhikaraṇanti vuccati, gihīnaṃ pana aḍḍakammaṃ nāma hoti.

Pañcannaṃ vinicchayo hotīti pañcannaṃ sahadhammikānaṃyeva vinicchayo nāma hoti. Pañcannaṃ vūpasamena cāti etesaṃyeva pañcannaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchitaṃ vūpasantaṃ nāma hotīti attho. Pañcannañceva anāpattīti etesaṃyeva pañcannaṃ anāpatti nāma hotīti attho. Tīhi ṭhānehi sobhatīti saṅghādīhi tīhi kāraṇehi sobhati. Katavītikkamo hi puggalo sappaṭikammaṃ āpattiṃ saṅghamajjhe gaṇamajjhe puggalasantike vā paṭikaritvā abbhuṇhasīlo pākatiko hoti, tasmā tīhi ṭhānehi sobhatīti vuccati.

Dve kāyikā rattinti bhikkhunī rattandhakāre purisassa hatthapāse ṭhānanisajjasayanāni kappayamānā pācittiyaṃ, hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā ṭhānādīni kappayamānā dukkaṭanti dve kāyadvārasambhavā āpattiyo rattiṃ āpajjati. Dve kāyikā divāti eteneva upāyena divā paṭicchanne okāse dve āpattiyo āpajjati. Nijjhāyantassa ekā āpattīti 『『na ca, bhikkhave, sārattena mātugāmassa aṅgajātaṃ upanijjhāyitabbaṃ . Yo upanijjhāyeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā』』ti (pārā. 266) nijjhāyantassa ayamekā āpatti. Ekā piṇḍapātapaccayāti 『『na ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhādāyikāya mukhaṃ oloketabba』』nti (cūḷava. 366) ettha dukkaṭāpatti, antamaso yāguṃ vā byañjanaṃ vā dentassa sāmaṇerassāpi hi mukhaṃ ullokayato dukkaṭameva. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『ekā piṇḍapātapaccayāti bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjantassa pācittiya』』nti vuttaṃ.

Aṭṭhānisaṃse sampassanti kosambakakkhandhake vuttānisaṃse. Ukkhittakā tayo vuttāti āpattiyā adassane appaṭikamme pāpikāya ca diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissaggeti. Tecattālīsa sammāvattanāti tesaṃyeva ukkhittakānaṃ ettakesu vattesu vattanā.

Pañcaṭhāne musāvādoti pārājikasaṅghādisesathullaccayapācittiyadukkaṭasaṅkhāte pañcaṭṭhāne musāvādo gacchati. Cuddasa paramanti vuccatīti dasāhaparamādinayena heṭṭhā vuttaṃ. Dvādasa pāṭidesanīyāti bhikkhūnaṃ cattāri bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭha. Catunnaṃ desanāya cāti catunnaṃ accayadesanāyāti attho. Katamā pana sāti? Devadattena payojitānaṃ abhimārānaṃ accayadesanā, anuruddhattherassa upaṭṭhāyikāya accayadesanā, vaḍḍhassa licchavino accayadesanā, vāsabhagāmiyattherassa ukkhepanīyakammaṃ katvā āgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ accayadesanāti ayaṃ catunnaṃ accayadesanā nāma.

五種情況是:對於被驅逐的追隨者比丘尼,在第三次勸告時不放棄,提出動議時犯惡作,用兩個羯磨詞時犯重罪,在羯磨詞結束時犯波羅夷罪,為分裂僧團而策劃等犯僧殘罪,對於邪惡見不放棄犯波逸提罪,如此所有第三次情況都屬於五種情況。五種過失是指對於五位同法者確實有過失,其中兩位不假借條件即為過失,但學處女、沙彌尼、沙彌因為不適格,所以不可以。按此方式,不應驅逐他們的過失,但應該對他們執行處罰。五種裁判是指裁判屬於這五種。確實只有這五種關於衣缽等事項的判決稱為裁判,在家人則稱為半處罰。 五種裁判是隻對這五位同法者有裁判。五種平息是指這些人的裁判被裁定並平息。五種無過失是指這些人確實沒有過失。以三種方式而得到榮耀是指以僧團等三種原因而得到榮耀。如果一個人已經糾正了過失,在僧團中、集會中或個人面前悔過,成為習慣於改正的正常人,所以說以三種方式而得到榮耀。 兩種身業在夜晚是:比丘尼在夜間黑暗中,在男子手臂範圍內安排站立、就座、臥躺等,犯波逸提;離開手臂範圍而安排站立等,犯惡作,這是兩種由身業產生的過失在夜晚犯。兩種身業在白天是用同樣方法在白天遮蔽處犯兩種過失。默唸時有一種過失是:"諸比丘,不應以色慾之心注視女人的身體。誰若注視,犯惡作罪",這是默唸時的一種過失。一種與乞食有關的是:"諸比丘,不應注視施食者的臉",在這裡犯惡作罪,即使是給沙彌施捨湯或菜餚時注視其臉也是惡作。然而,在《古魯恩迪》中說:"一種與乞食有關的是比丘尼準備的乞食時犯波逸提"。 八種利益他們觀察到的是在《拘尸伯分別》中所說的利益。被驅逐的三種是指對於過失不承認、不悔過、不放棄邪見。四十三種正確轉向是指這些被驅逐者在這些轉向中的轉向。 在五種情況下妄語是指在波羅夷、僧殘、重罪、波逸提、惡作五種情況下妄語。十四種最高是指如前所述的十天等最高限度。十二種應悔是指比丘四種,比丘尼八種。對於四種懺悔是指四種過失的懺悔。哪些是這些?是提婆達多策劃的殺人者的過失懺悔,阿那律尊者侍女的過失懺悔,伐達長者的過失懺悔,婆娑伽摩尊者被舉行驅逐羯磨后歸來的比丘的過失懺悔,這就是四種過失懺悔。

Aṭṭhaṅgiko musāvādoti 『『pubbevassa hoti musā bhaṇissa』』nti ādiṃ katvā 『『vinidhāya sañña』』nti pariyosānehi (pāci. 4-5; pari. 459) aṭṭhahi aṅgehi aṭṭhaṅgiko. Uposathaṅgānipi pāṇaṃ na hanetiādinā nayena vuttāneva. Aṭṭha dūteyyaṅgānīti 『『idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sotā ca hoti sāvetā cā』』tiādinā (cūḷava. 347) nayena saṅghabhedake vuttāni. Aṭṭha titthiyavattāni mahākhandhake vuttāni.

Aṭṭhavācikā upasampadāti bhikkhunīnaṃ upasampadaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhannaṃ paccuṭṭhātabbanti bhattagge aṭṭhannaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ itarāhi paccuṭṭhāya āsanaṃ dātabbaṃ . Bhikkhunovādako aṭṭhahīti aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo.

Ekassa chejjanti gāthāya navasu janesu yo salākaṃ gāhetvā saṅghaṃ bhindati, tasseva chejjaṃ hoti, devadatto viya pārājikaṃ āpajjati. Bhedakānuvattakānaṃ catunnaṃ thullaccayaṃ kokālikādīnaṃ viya, dhammavādīnaṃ catunnaṃ anāpatti. Imā pana āpattiyo ca anāpattiyo ca sabbesaṃ ekavatthukā saṅghabhedavatthukā eva.

Nava āghātavatthūnīti gāthāya navahīti navahi bhikkhūhi saṅgho bhijjati. Ñattiyā karaṇā navāti ñattiyā kātabbāni kammāni navāti attho. Sesaṃ uttānameva.

(4) Avandanīyapuggalādivaṇṇanā

八正道的妄語是指「過去他會說謊」的開始,最後以「設定意圖」結束(《巴利經》4-5;《巴利經》459),由八個部分組成即為八正道。以「安住的部分不殺生」等方式闡述。八種不應違背的部分是指「在這裡,諸比丘,聽者與告知者」之類(《小部經》347),是指在分裂僧團時所說的。八種外道的行為在《大聚經》中被提及。 八種言語的入戒是指比丘尼的入戒。八位比丘應當在飯食中席位由其他比丘的八位比丘所坐。具有比丘尼教導的比丘應當具備八種法則。 一人的斷絕是指在詩句中,九個人中誰持刀擊破僧團,便是他的斷絕,像提婆達多一樣犯下波羅夷罪。分裂僧團的四種重罪,像可卡利等,法師的四種無過失。這些過失和無過失都屬於同一類的分裂僧團的事項。 九種傷害的事項是指在詩句中,九個比丘使僧團破裂。以「應當做的事項是九個」來解釋。其餘的則是總結。 (4)應受尊敬的人等的說明

477.Dasa puggalā nābhivādetabbāti senāsanakkhandhake vuttā dasa janā. Añjali sāmīcena cāti sāmīcikammena saddhiṃ añjali ca tesaṃ na kātabbo, neva pānīyāpucchanatālavaṇṭaggahaṇādi khandhakavattaṃ tesaṃ dassetabbaṃ, na añjali paggaṇhitabboti attho. Dasannaṃ dukkaṭanti tesaṃyeva dasannaṃ evaṃ karontassa dukkaṭaṃ hoti. Dasa cīvaradhāraṇāti dasa divasāni atirekacīvarassa dhāraṇā anuññātāti attho.

Pañcannaṃ vassaṃvuṭṭhānaṃ, dātabbaṃ idha cīvaranti pañcannaṃ sahadhammikānaṃ sammukhāva dātabbaṃ. Sattannaṃ santeti disāpakkantaummattakakhittacittavedanāṭṭānaṃ tiṇṇañca ukkhittakānanti imesaṃ sattannaṃ sante patirūpe gāhake parammukhāpi dātabbaṃ. Soḷasannaṃ na dātabbanti sesānaṃ cīvarakkhandhake vuttānaṃ paṇḍakādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ na dātabbaṃ.

Katisataṃ rattisataṃ, āpattiyo chādayitvānāti katisataṃ āpattiyo rattisataṃ chādayitvāna. Dasasataṃ rattisataṃ, āpattiyo chādayitvānāti dasasataṃ āpattiyo rattisataṃ chādayitvāna. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – yo divase sataṃ sataṃ saṅghādisesāpattiyo āpajjitvā dasa dasa divase paṭicchādeti, tena rattisataṃ āpattisahassaṃ paṭicchāditaṃ hoti, so sabbāva tā āpattiyo dasāhapaṭicchannāti parivāsaṃ yācitvā dasa rattiyo vasitvāna mucceyya pārivāsikoti.

Dvādasa kammadosā vuttāti apalokanakammaṃ adhammenavaggaṃ, adhammenasamaggaṃ, dhammenavaggaṃ, tathā ñattikammañattidutiyakammañatticatutthakammānipīti evaṃ ekekasmiṃ kamme tayo tayo katvā dvādasa kammadosā vuttā.

Catasso kammasampattiyoti apalokanakammaṃ dhammenasamaggaṃ, tathā sesānipīti evaṃ catasso kammasampattiyo vuttā.

Cha kammānīti adhammenavaggakammaṃ, adhammenasamaggakammaṃ, dhammapatirūpakenavaggakammaṃ, dhammapatirūpakenasamaggakammaṃ, dhammenavaggakammaṃ, dhammenasamaggakammanti evaṃ cha kammāni vuttāni. Ekettha dhammikā katāti ekaṃ dhammena samaggakammamevettha dhammikaṃ katanti attho. Dutiyagāthāvissajjanepi etadeva dhammikaṃ.

十種人不應受禮是在《住處篇》中提到的十種人。合掌禮應與恰當的行為一起,不應對這些人做合掌,不應向他們詢問飲水、拿扇子等《住處篇》的常規行為,意思是不應舉起合掌。對這十種人做此事即犯惡作罪。十種衣服持有是指允許持有超過十天的額外衣服。 五位同法者應在此處給予衣服,應當當面給予。七種情況下可給予是指在遠處也可給予:離開方向、顛狂、心亂、受苦、三種被驅逐者,在這七種情況下,如有適當的接受者,可以給予。十六種不應給予是指在《衣服篇》中提到的其餘遮障者等十六種不應給予。 "百計夜數掩蓋過失"是指百計過失掩蓋夜數。"千計夜數掩蓋過失"是指千計過失掩蓋夜數。此處要點是:如果一個人每天百計犯僧殘過失,在十天內掩蓋,則以夜百計過失被掩蓋,他將所有這些過失在十天內掩蓋,請求暫住,住十夜后可解脫為暫住者。 十二種羯磨過失是指:不同意的羯磨、非法分裂、非法和合、法分裂,以及提案羯磨、第二提案羯磨、第四提案羯磨,如此在每個羯磨中各有三種,共十二種羯磨過失。 四種羯磨圓滿是指:不同意的羯磨、法和合,以及其餘,如此四種羯磨圓滿被提及。 六種羯磨是:非法分裂羯磨、非法和合羯磨、類似法分裂羯磨、類似法和合羯磨、法分裂羯磨、法和合羯磨,如此六種羯磨被提及。在此處有一種法的是指在此處只有一種法和合羯磨是合法的。在第二首詩的解釋中也是如此。

Yaṃ desitāti yāni desitāni vuttāni pakāsitāni. Anantajinenātiādīsu pariyantaparicchedabhāvarahitattā anantaṃ vuccati nibbānaṃ, taṃ bhagavatā raññā sapattagaṇaṃ abhimadditvā rajjaṃ viya kilesagaṇaṃ abhimadditvā jitaṃ vijitaṃ adhigataṃ sampattaṃ, tasmā bhagavā 『『anantajino』』ti vuccati. Sveva iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu nibbikāratāya tādi, vikkhambhanatadaṅgasamucchedapaṭipassaddhinissaraṇavivekasaṅkhātaṃ vivekapañcakaṃ addasāti vivekadassī; tena anantajinena tādinā vivekadassinā yāni āpattikkhandhāni desitāni vuttāni. Ekettha sammati vinā samathehīti ayamettha padasambandho, yāni satthārā satta āpattikkhandhāni desitāni, tattha ekāpi āpatti vinā samathehi na sammati, atha kho cha samathā cattāri adhikaraṇānīti sabbepime dhammā sammukhāvinayena sammanti, samāyogaṃ gacchanti. Ettha pana eko sammukhāvinayova vinā samathehi sammati, samathabhāvaṃ gacchati. Na hi tassa aññena samathena vinā anipphatti nāma atthi. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『ekettha sammati vinā samathehī』』ti. Iminā tāva adhippāyena aṭṭhakathāsu attho vutto. Mayaṃ pana 『『vinā』』ti nipātassa paṭisedhanamattamatthaṃ gahetvā 『『ekettha sammati vinā samathehī』』ti etesu sattasu āpattikkhandhesu eko pārājikāpattikkhandho vinā samathehi sammatīti etamatthaṃ roceyyāma. Vuttampi cetaṃ 『『yā sā āpatti anavasesā, sā āpatti na katamena adhikaraṇena katamamhi ṭhāne na katamena samathena sammatī』』ti.

Chaūnadiyaḍḍhasatāti 『『idha, upāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi bhede adhammadiṭṭhi, tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi bhede dhammadiṭṭhi, tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi bhede vematiko, tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi bhede adhammadiṭṭhi, tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi bhede vematiko, tasmiṃ vematiko bhede adhammadiṭṭhi, tasmiṃ vematiko bhede dhammadiṭṭhi, tasmiṃ vematiko bhede vematiko』』ti evaṃ yāni aṭṭhārasannaṃ bhedakaravatthūnaṃ vasena aṭṭhārasa aṭṭhakāni saṅghabhedakakkhandhake vuttāni, tesaṃ vasena chaūnadiyaḍḍhasataṃ āpāyikā veditabbā.

Aṭṭhārasa anāpāyikāti 『『idha, upāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi bhede dhammadiṭṭhi avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ avinidhāya khantiṃ avinidhāya ruciṃ avinidhāya bhāvaṃ anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti 『ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā』ti, ayampi kho, upāli, saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho』』ti evaṃ ekekasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ekekaṃ katvā saṅghabhedakakkhandhakāvasāne vuttā aṭṭhārasa janā. Aṭṭhārasa aṭṭhakā chaūnadiyaḍḍhasatavissajjane vuttāyeva.

(5) Soḷasakammādivaṇṇanā

478.Kati kammānītiādīnaṃ sabbagāthānaṃ vissajjanaṃ uttānamevāti.

Aparadutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Sedamocanagāthā

(1) Avippavāsapañhāvaṇṇanā

所說者是指被說明、闡述、揭示的內容。關於"無限征服者"等,因為沒有邊界和限制,所以稱為無限,即涅槃。世尊如同國王擊敗敵軍一樣,擊敗煩惱群,獲得勝利和成就,因此稱為"無限征服者"。正因為在可意與不可意中無偏私,所以如此;他見到了包括排除、區域性滅除、根本滅除、平息、出離、離欲等五種離欲,所以稱為"離欲見者"。由這位無限征服者、離欲見者所說明的過失類別。 此處"僅此一處得以調解,不經調停"的語義聯繫是:大師所說的七種過失類別中,沒有任何一種過失能不經調停而得到調解,而是需要六種調停和四種裁判,所有這些法都通過現前毗尼耶得到調解並達成一致。但在此處,僅現前毗尼耶可以不經調停而得到調解並達成調停狀態。確實對於它不存在不經其他調停就無法成就的情況。因此說"僅此一處得以調解,不經調停"。最初按此意圖在註釋中闡述了意義。我們則認為"不"這個語氣詞僅僅是否定,意在說明在這七種過失類別中,波羅夷過失類別可以不經調停而得到調解。這也曾被說過:"任何無遺漏的過失,不論以何種裁判、何種場所、何種調停都無法調解。" 六百一十五是指:在此,優波離,比丘將非法說為法,在非法見分裂時是非法見,在非法見分裂時是法見,在非法見分裂時是猶豫,在法見分裂時是非法見,在法見分裂時是猶豫,在猶豫分裂時是非法見,在猶豫分裂時是法見,在猶豫分裂時是猶豫。這樣,根據十八種分裂事由,在《分裂僧團篇》中提到了十八個八組,據此應了知六百一十五種可導致墮落的情況。 十八種非可導致墮落是指:在此,優波離,比丘將非法說為法,在法見分裂時是法見,不確定見解、不確定忍耐、不確定喜好、不確定狀態,宣告"這是法,這是律,這是導師的教誡,接受這個,喜歡這個"並持票,優波離,這樣的分裂僧團者既不墮落、不下地獄、不被剝奪權利、不無可救藥。在《分裂僧團篇》結尾處,每一事由各說了一人,共十八人。十八個八組在六百一十五種情況的解釋中已被提及。 (5)十六種羯磨等的說明 478. 關於"有多少羯磨"等所有詩句的解答都是顯而易見的。 第二組詩歌的集合說明已完成。 出汗偈 (1)不離開問題的說明

  1. Sedamocanagāthāsu asaṃvāsoti uposathapavāraṇādinā saṃvāsena asaṃvāso. Sambhogo ekacco tahiṃ na labbhatīti akappiyasambhogo na labbhati, nahāpanabhojanādipaṭijagganaṃ pana mātarāyeva kātuṃ labbhati. Avippavāsena anāpattīti sahagāraseyyāya anāpatti. Pañhā mesā kusalehi cintitāti esā pañhā kusalehi paṇḍitehi cintitā. Assā vissajjanaṃ dārakamātuyā bhikkhuniyā veditabbaṃ, tassā hi puttaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttanti.

Avissajjitagāthā garubhaṇḍaṃ sandhāya vuttā, attho panassā garubhaṇḍavinicchaye vuttoyeva.

Dasa puggale na vadāmīti senāsanakkhandhake vutte dasa puggale na vadāmi. Ekādasa vivajjiyāti ye mahākhandhake ekādasa vivajjanīyapuggalā vuttā, tepi na vadāmi. Ayaṃ pañhā naggaṃ bhikkhuṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Kathaṃ nu sikkhāya asādhāraṇoti pañhā nahāpitapubbakaṃ bhikkhuṃ sandhāya vuttā. Ayañhi khurabhaṇḍaṃ pariharituṃ na labhati, aññe labhanti; tasmā sikkhāya asādhāraṇo.

Taṃ puggalaṃ katamaṃ vadanti buddhāti ayaṃ pañhā nimmitabuddhaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Adhonābhiṃvivajjiyāti adhonābhiṃ vivajjetvā. Ayaṃ pañhā yaṃ taṃ asīsakaṃ kabandhaṃ, yassa ure akkhīni ceva mukhañca hoti, taṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Bhikkhu saññācikāya kuṭinti ayaṃ pañhā tiṇacchādanaṃ kuṭiṃ sandhāya vuttā. Dutiyapañhā sabbamattikāmayaṃ kuṭiṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Āpajjeyya garukaṃ chejjavatthunti ayaṃ pañhā vajjapaṭicchādikaṃ bhikkhuniṃ sandhāya vuttā. Dutiyapañhā paṇḍakādayo abhabbapuggale sandhāya vuttā. Ekādasapi hi te gihibhāveyeva pārājikaṃ pattā.

Vācāti vācāya anālapanto. Giraṃ no ca pare bhaṇeyyāti 『『iti ime sossantī』』ti parapuggale sandhāya saddampi na nicchāreyya. Ayaṃ pañhā 『『santiṃ āpattiṃ nāvikareyya, sampajānamusāvādassa hotī』』ti imaṃ musāvādaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Tassa hi bhikkhuno adhammikāya paṭiññāya tuṇhībhūtassa nisinnassa manodvāre āpatti nāma natthi. Yasmā pana āvikātabbaṃ na āvikaroti, tenassa vacīdvāre akiriyato ayaṃ āpatti samuṭṭhātīti veditabbā.

Saṅghādisesā caturoti ayaṃ pañhā aruṇugge gāmantarapariyāpannaṃ nadipāraṃ okkantabhikkhuniṃ sandhāya vuttā, sā hi sakagāmato paccūsasamaye nikkhamitvā aruṇuggamanakāle vuttappakāraṃ nadipāraṃ okkantamattāva rattivippavāsagāmantaranadipāragaṇamhāohīyanalakkhaṇena ekappahāreneva caturo saṅghādisese āpajjati.

Siyā āpattiyo nānāti ayaṃ pañhā ekatoupasampannā dve bhikkhuniyo sandhāya vuttā. Tāsu hi bhikkhūnaṃ santike ekatoupasampannāya hatthato gaṇhantassa pācittiyaṃ, bhikkhunīnaṃ santike ekatoupasampannāya hatthato gaṇhantassa dukkaṭaṃ.

Caturo janā saṃvidhāyāti ācariyo ca tayo ca antevāsikā chamāsakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ avahariṃsu, ācariyassa sāhatthikā tayo māsakā, āṇattiyāpi tayova tasmā thullaccayaṃ āpajjati , itaresaṃ sāhatthiko ekeko, āṇattikā pañcāti tasmā pārājikaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana adinnādānapārājike saṃvidāvahāravaṇṇanāyaṃ vutto.

(2) Pārājikādipañhāvaṇṇanā

出汗偈中「不受拘束」是指通過齋戒和皈依等不受拘束。關於「某些人不被接受」,是指不被接受的無禮接觸,不被接受,但母親可以為其提供飲水、食物等。通過不離開而不犯過失是指與同牀共寢者的不犯過失。這個問題是由有智慧的人所思考的。這是關於母親與兒子之間的關係,意在指代她的兒子。 不被拋棄的詩句是指重罪的負擔,意思是說在重罪的判斷中已被闡明。 「我不說十個人」是指在《住處篇》中提到的我不說十個人。「十一種應避免的」是指在《大聚經》中提到的十一種應避免的對象,我也不說。這一問題是指赤裸的比丘。 「如何能通過教導而不普通」是指在不洗澡的比丘中提到的。因為他無法避免重罪,其他人可以避免;因此,教導不普通。 「那個人被稱為佛」是指由覺悟的佛所指代的。 「從下方避免」是指避免從下方。這個問題是指那個沒有頭的可憐人,他的肩膀上有眼睛和嘴巴,這裡是指代他。 「比丘的心念小屋」是指草覆蓋的小屋。這第二個問題是指所有的泥土小屋。 「應當墮落的重罪」是指與遮蔽的比丘相關的。這第二個問題是指與無能者等無能的人相關的。因為他們在家庭生活中已經犯下波羅夷罪。 「言語」是指不說話。對他人不應說「他們正在傾聽」,是指與他人相關的言語也不應被說出。這個問題是指「存在的過失不應被忽略,若是有意識的妄語」。因為這樣的比丘在不合法的承諾中,若是沉默坐著,則沒有過失。因為他不應被揭示,因此在言語上沒有行為,所以這個過失被認為是產生的。 「四種未被分裂」是指在黎明時分進入村莊的比丘,指的是她在清晨離開村莊時,進入河流的邊界,她在黎明時分離開村莊進入河流邊界,因此被認為是四種未被分裂的。 「可能有不同的過失」是指與兩位已受戒的比丘相關的。在她們面前,若是由一位已受戒的比丘所持,則會犯下應受罰的罪,若在她們面前由一位已受戒的比丘所持,則會犯下惡作罪。 「四人分配」是指老師和三位隨侍的比丘,帶著三個月的供品,老師的隨侍三個月,因而犯下重罪,而其他人則是各自一位,因此因而犯下波羅夷罪。這裡是概述。詳細內容在《不盜波羅夷罪的說明》中已被闡述。 (2)波羅夷等問題的說明

480.Chiddaṃ tasmiṃ ghare natthīti ayaṃ pañhā dussakuṭiādīni santhatapeyyālañca sandhāya vuttā.

Telaṃ madhuṃ phāṇitanti gāthā liṅgaparivattaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Nissaggiyenāti gāthā pariṇāmanaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Yo hi saṅghassa pariṇatalābhato ekaṃ cīvaraṃ attano, ekaṃ aññassāti dve cīvarāni 『『ekaṃ mayhaṃ, ekaṃ tassa dehī』』ti ekapayaogena pariṇāmeti, so nissaggiyapācittiyañceva suddhikapācittiyañca ekato āpajjati.

Kammañca taṃ kuppeyya vaggapaccayāti ayaṃ pañhā dvādasayojanapamāṇesu bārāṇasiādīsu nagaresu gāmasīmaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Padavītihāramattenāti gāthā sañcarittaṃ sandhāya vuttā, atthopi cassā sañcarittavaṇṇanāyameva vutto.

Sabbāni tāni nissaggiyānīti ayaṃ pañhā aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā dhovāpanaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Sace hi tiṇṇampi cīvarānaṃ kākaūhadanaṃ vā kaddamamakkhitaṃ vā kaṇṇaṃ gahetvā bhikkhunī udakena dhovati, bhikkhussa kāyagatāneva nissaggiyāni honti.

Saraṇagamanampi na tassa atthīti saraṇagamanaupasampadāpi natthi. Ayaṃ pana pañhā mahāpajāpatiyā upasampadaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Haneyyaanariyaṃ mandoti tañhi itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā anariyaṃ haneyya. Ayaṃ pañhā liṅgaparivattena itthibhūtaṃ pitaraṃ purisabhūtañca mātaraṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Na tenānantaraṃ phuseti ayaṃ pañhā migasiṅgatāpasasīhakumārādīnaṃ viya tiracchānamātāpitaro sandhāya vuttā.

Acodayitvāti gāthā dūtenupasampadaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Codayitvāti gāthā paṇḍakādīnaṃ upasampadaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『paṭhamagāthā aṭṭha asammukhākammāni, dutiyā anāpattikassa kammaṃ sandhāya vuttā』』ti āgataṃ.

Chindantassa āpattīti vanappatiṃ chindantassa pārājikaṃ, tiṇalatādiṃ chindantassa pācittiyaṃ, aṅgajātaṃ chindantassa thullaccayaṃ. Chindantassa anāpattīti kese ca nakhe ca chindantassa anāpatti. Chādentassa āpattīti attano āpattiṃ chādentassa aññesaṃ vā āpattiṃ. Chādentassa anāpattīti gehādīni chādentassa anāpatti.

Saccaṃbhaṇantoti gāthāya 『『sikharaṇīsi ubhatobyañjanāsī』』ti saccaṃ bhaṇanto garukaṃ āpajjati, sampajānamusāvāde pana musā bhāsato lahukāpatti hoti, abhūtārocane musā bhaṇanto garukaṃ āpajjati, bhūtārocane saccaṃ bhāsato lahukāpatti hotīti.

(3) Pācittiyādipañhāvaṇṇanā

"在那個房子里沒有缺口"是指與帳篷小屋等和覆蓋物有關的問題。 油、蜜、糖的詩句是指與性別轉換有關的。 "應當放棄"的詩句是指轉讓有關的。如果從僧團獲得收益,一件衣服歸自己,一件歸他人,說"這件歸我,這件給他",以一種方式轉讓,他同時犯下應放棄的波逸提罪和清凈的波逸提罪。 "羯磨可能會惱怒"是指與十二由旬大小的波羅奈斯(巴拉納西)等城市的村莊界限有關的問題。 "僅僅通過步行距離"的詩句是指與行為有關,其意義也在行為描述中被闡明。 "所有這些都是應放棄的"是指與非親屬比丘尼清洗有關的問題。如果三件衣服被鳥糞或泥土污染,比丘尼用水清洗,這些對比丘來說都是應放棄的。 "他甚至沒有皈依"是指沒有皈依和受具足戒。這個問題是指摩訶波阇波提的受具足戒。 "殺死卑劣的愚蠢者"是指殺死無論是女性還是男性的卑劣之人。這個問題是指通過性別轉換,女兒殺死父親,男兒殺死母親。 "不觸及其中間"是指如同鹿角隱士、獅子王子等動物的父母。 "不指責"的詩句是指通過使者受具足戒。"指責"的詩句是指與無能者等受具足戒有關。在《古注》中提到:"第一首詩指八種非現前羯磨,第二首詩指無過失的羯磨"。 "切斷的過失"是指:切斷樹王者犯波羅夷罪,切斷草木等犯波逸提罪,切斷生殖器犯重罪。"切斷無過失"是指剪頭髮和指甲無過失。"遮蔽的過失"是指遮蔽自己的過失或他人的過失。"遮蔽無過失"是指遮蔽房屋等無過失。 "說真實"的詩句中,說"頂峰兩性具足"時,說真實者犯重罪,而說有意識妄語者犯輕罪,不實陳述時說妄語犯重罪,實際陳述時說真實犯輕罪。 (3)波逸提等問題的說明

481.Adhiṭṭhitanti gāthā nissaggiyacīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjantaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Atthaṅgate sūriyeti gāthā romanthakaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Na rattacittoti gāthāya ayamattho – rattacitto methunadhammapārājikaṃ āpajjati. Theyyacitto adinnādānapārājikaṃ, paraṃ maraṇāya cetento manussaviggahapārājikaṃ, saṅghabhedako pana na rattacitto na ca pana theyyacitto na cāpi so paraṃ maraṇāya cetayi, salākaṃ panassa dentassa hoti chejjaṃ, pārājikaṃ hoti, salākaṃ paṭiggaṇhantassa bhedakānuvattakassa thullaccayaṃ.

Gaccheyya aḍḍhayojananti ayaṃ pañhā suppatiṭṭhitanigrodhasadisaṃ ekakulassa rukkhamūlaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Kāyikānīti ayaṃ gāthā sambahulānaṃ itthīnaṃ kese vā aṅguliyo vā ekato gaṇhantaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Vācasikānīti ayaṃ gāthā 『『sabbā tumhe sikharaṇiyo』』tiādinā nayena duṭṭhullabhāṇiṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Tissitthiyo methunaṃ taṃ na seveti tisso itthiyo vuttā, tāsupi yaṃ taṃ methunaṃ nāma, taṃ na sevati. Tayo puriseti tayo purisepi upagantvā methunaṃ na sevati. Tayo anariyapaṇḍaketi ubhatobyañjanasaṅkhāte tayo anariye tayo ca paṇḍaketi imepi cha jane upagantvā methunaṃ na sevati. Na cācare methunaṃ byañjanasminti anulomapārājikavasenapi methunaṃ nācarati. Chejjaṃ siyā methunadhammapaccayāti siyā methunadhammapaccayā pārājikanti. Ayaṃ pañhā aṭṭhavatthukaṃ sandhāya vuttā, tassā hi methunadhammassa pubbabhāgaṃ kāyasaṃsaggaṃ āpajjituṃ vāyamantiyā methunadhammapaccayā chejjaṃ hoti.

Mātaraṃ cīvaranti ayaṃ gāthā piṭṭhisamaye vassikasāṭikatthaṃ satuppādakaraṇaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Vinicchayo panassā vassikasāṭikasikkhāpadavaṇṇanāyameva vutto.

Kuddho ārādhako hotīti gāthā titthiyavattaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Titthiyo hi vattaṃ pūrayamāno titthiyānaṃ vaṇṇe bhaññamāne kuddho ārādhako hoti, vatthuttayassa vaṇṇe bhaññamāne kuddho gārayho hotīti tatthevassā vitthāro vutto. Dutiyagāthāpi tameva sandhāya vuttā.

Saṅghādisesantiādi gāthā yā bhikkhunī avassutāva avassutassa purisassa hatthato piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā manussamaṃsalasuṇapaṇītabhojanasesaakappiyamaṃsehi saddhiṃ omadditvā ajjhoharati, taṃ sandhāya vuttā.

Eko upasampanno eko anupasampannoti gāthā ākāsagataṃ sandhāya vuttā. Sace hi dvīsu sāmaṇeresu eko iddhiyā kesaggamattampi pathaviṃ muñcitvā nisinno hoti, so anupasampanno nāma hoti. Saṅghenāpi ākāse nisīditvā bhūmigatassa kammaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Sace karoti, kuppati.

Akappakatanti gāthā acchinnacīvarakaṃ bhikkhuṃ sandhāya vuttā. Tasmiṃyeva cassā sikkhāpade vitthārena vinicchayopi vutto.

Na deti na paṭiggaṇhātīti nāpi uyyojikā deti, na uyyojitā tassā hatthato gaṇhāti. Paṭiggaho tena na vijjatīti teneva kāraṇena uyyojikāya hatthato uyyojitāya paṭiggaho na vijjati. Āpajjati garukanti evaṃ santepi avassutassa hatthato piṇḍapātaggahaṇe uyyojentī saṅghādisesāpattiṃ āpajjati. Tañca paribhogapaccayāti tañca pana āpattiṃ āpajjamānā tassā uyyojitāya paribhogapaccayā āpajjati . Tassā hi bhojanapariyosāne uyyojikāya saṅghādiseso hotīti. Dutiyagāthā tassāyeva udakadantaponaggahaṇe uyyojanaṃ sandhāya vuttā.

"已確定"的詩句是指未放棄應放棄的衣服而使用的情況。 "太陽已落"的詩句是指研磨有關的問題。 "不是夜間心念"的詩句意思是:夜間心念者犯下與淫慾有關的波羅夷罪。懷著盜竊之心者犯下不與取波羅夷罪,意圖他人死亡者犯下殺人波羅夷罪。但分裂僧團者既非夜間心念,也非盜竊之心,也非意圖他人死亡,然而給予票據時會被剝奪,犯波羅夷罪;接受票據的分裂僧團追隨者犯重罪。 "可能走半由旬"是指與一個家族中根深蒂固的菩提樹下的樹根有關的問題。 "身體的"這首詩是指多個女性同時抓頭髮或手指的情況。 "語言的"這首詩是指諸如"你們都是頂峰"等方式的粗魯言語。 "提斯女性不行淫慾"是指提斯女性。在這些女性中,凡是淫慾之事,她們都不實踐。"三個男性"是指三個男性也不與之行淫慾。"三個非聖非男根者"是指具有兩性特徵的三個非聖者和三個非男根者,這六個人也不與之行淫慾。"不以性器官行淫"是指即使順應也不行淫慾。"可能因淫慾而被剝奪"是指可能因淫慾而犯波羅夷罪。這個問題是指八種事由,因為在淫慾行為之前試圖身體接觸時,會因淫慾而被剝奪。 "母親的衣服"這首詩是指在背部時爲了雨季長袍而生產的情況。關於雨季長袍的判斷在相關戒律說明中已闡述。 "憤怒者將成為贊同者"的詩句是指外道儀軌。外道在履行儀軌時,當讚揚外道時憤怒,成為贊同者;當讚揚三衣時憤怒,將受到譴責。其詳細內容在該處已闡述。第二首詩也是指同樣的情況。 "僧殘"等詩句是指:任何比丘尼從已經墮落的男性手中接受食物,並與人肉、狗肉、美味食物的剩餘和不允許的肉一起壓碎吞嚥。 "一位已受具足戒,一位未受具足戒"的詩句是指虛空中的情況。如果兩個沙彌中,有一個以神通力甚至僅僅頭髮尖端離開地面而坐,他被稱為未受具足戒。即使僧團在虛空中坐,也不應對地上的人做羯磨。如果做了,將會惱怒。 "不合規"的詩句是指衣服未被切斷的比丘。在同一戒律中已詳細闡述其判斷。 "不給予,不接受"是指差遣者不給予,被差遣者不從她手中接受。因為這個原因,被差遣者不能從差遣者手中接受。即便如此,當從已墮落者手中接受食物並差遣時,仍犯僧殘罪。而且這是因為使用而犯罪,因為在用餐結束時,差遣者將犯僧殘罪。第二首詩是指差遣她接受水和牙籤。

Na bhikkhunī no ca phuseyya vajjanti sattarasakesu hi aññataraṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā anādariyena chādayamānāpi bhikkhunī chādanapaccayā vajjaṃ na phusati, aññaṃ navaṃ āpattiṃ nāpajjati, paṭicchannāya vā appaṭicchannāya vā āpattiyā pakkhamānattameva labhati. Ayaṃ pana bhikkhunīpi na hoti, sāvasesañca garukaṃ āpajjitvā chādetvā vajjaṃ na phusati. Pañhā mesā kusalehi cintitāti ayaṃ kira pañhā ukkhittakabhikkhuṃ sandhāya vuttā. Tena hi saddhiṃ vinayakammaṃ natthi, tasmā so saṅghādisesaṃ āpajjitvā chādento vajjaṃ na phusatīti.

Sedamocanagāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Pañcavaggo

Kammavaggavaṇṇanā

  1. Kammavagge catunnaṃ kammānaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ samathakkhandhake vuttameva. Kiñcāpi vuttaṃ, atha kho ayaṃ kammavinicchayo nāma ādito paṭṭhāya vuccamāno pākaṭo hoti, tasmā ādito paṭṭhāyevettha vattabbaṃ vadissāma. Cattārīti kammānaṃ gaṇanaparicchedavacanametaṃ. Kammānīti paricchinnakammanidassanaṃ. Apalokanakammaṃ nāma sīmaṭṭhakasaṅghaṃ sodhetvā chandārahānaṃ chandaṃ āharitvā samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā tikkhattuṃ sāvetvā kattabbaṃ kammaṃ. Ñattikammaṃ nāma vuttanayeneva samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā ekāya ñattiyā kattabbaṃ kammaṃ. Ñattidutiyakammaṃ nāma vuttanayeneva samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā ekāya ñattiyā ekāya ca anussāvanāyāti evaṃ ñattidutiyāya anussāvanāya kattabbaṃ kammaṃ. Ñatticatutthakammaṃ nāma vuttanayeneva samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā ekāya ñattiyā tīhi ca anussāvanāhīti evaṃ ñatticatutthāhi tīhi anussāvanāhi kattabbaṃ kammaṃ.

Tattha apalokanakammaṃ apaloketvāva kātabbaṃ, ñattikammādivasena na kātabbaṃ. Ñattikammampi ekaṃ ñattiṃ ṭhapetvāva kātabbaṃ, apalokanakammādivasena na kātabbaṃ. Ñattidutiyakammaṃ pana apaloketvā kātabbampi atthi, akātabbampi atthi.

Tattha sīmāsammuti, sīmāsamūhananaṃ, kathinadānaṃ, kathinuddhāro, kuṭivatthudesanā, vihāravatthudesanāti imāni cha kammāni garukāni apaloketvā kātuṃ na vaṭṭanti, ñattidutiyakammavācaṃ sāvetvāva kātabbāni. Avasesā terasa sammutiyo senāsanaggāhakamatakacīvaradānādisammutiyo cāti etāni lahukakammāni apaloketvāpi kātuṃ vaṭṭanti, ñattikamma-ñatticatutthakammavasena pana na kātabbameva. Ñatticatutthakammavasena kayiramānaṃ daḷhataraṃ hoti, tasmā kātabbanti ekacce vadanti. Evaṃ pana sati kammasaṅkaro hoti, tasmā na kātabbanti paṭikkhittameva. Sace pana akkharaparihīnaṃ vā padaparihīnaṃ vā duruttapadaṃ vā hoti , tassa sodhanatthaṃ punappunaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Idaṃ akuppakammassa daḷhīkammaṃ hoti, kuppakamme kammaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati.

Ñatticatutthakammaṃ ñattiñca tisso ca kammavācāyo sāvetvāva kātabbaṃ, apalokanakammādivasena na kātabbaṃ. Pañcahākārehi vipajjantīti pañcahi kāraṇehi vipajjanti.

不應比丘尼觸及過失:即使在十七種過失中犯了某一種,並且不敬地遮蔽,比丘尼因遮蔽而不觸及過失,不會犯新的過失,只能獲得半月懺悔。但這位比丘尼不存在,她已犯下有餘的重罪並遮蔽,不觸及過失。這個問題是智者所思考的,據說是關於被驅逐的比丘。因此與他一起沒有儀軌,所以他犯僧殘罪后遮蔽,不觸及過失。 出汗偈說明已結束。 第五篇 羯磨篇說明 482. 在調解篇中已經闡述了四種羯磨的不同方式。雖然已經說過,但這種羯磨判斷從一開始就被闡明,因此我們將從一開始就闡述。"四"是羯磨數量的限定詞。"羯磨"是指特定羯磨的指示。 請求羯磨是指:清潔界限內的僧團,收集有資格者的同意,經三次宣告,得到和合僧團的同意而進行的羯磨。 提案羯磨是指:按照已說明的方式,得到和合僧團的同意,通過一個提案進行的羯磨。 第二提案羯磨是指:按照已說明的方式,得到和合僧團的同意,通過一個提案和一次宣告進行的羯磨。 第四提案羯磨是指:按照已說明的方式,得到和合僧團的同意,通過一個提案和三次宣告進行的羯磨。 其中,請求羯磨必須經過請求後進行,不可通過提案羯磨等方式進行。提案羯磨也必須只在提出一個提案後進行,不可通過請求羯磨等方式進行。第二提案羯磨可以在請求後進行,也可以不進行。 其中,界限確定、界限撤銷、授予卡提那、卡提那撤銷、小屋場地宣告、精舍場地宣告這六種羯磨是重大羯磨,必須經過請求後進行,必須通過第二提案羯磨的宣告進行。其餘十三種同意,如住所獲取、死者衣服分配等,可以在未經請求的情況下進行,但不可通過提案羯磨或第四提案羯磨進行。有些人說第四提案羯磨更為堅固,因此應該進行。但這樣做會導致羯磨混亂,因此被明確拒絕。如果存在字母缺失、詞語缺失或詞語不當的情況,可以反覆說明。這是不可動搖羯磨的加固,在可動搖的羯磨中仍然存在。 第四提案羯磨必須在宣告提案和三次羯磨宣告後進行,不可通過請求羯磨等方式進行。他們以五種方式失敗。

483.Sammukhākaraṇīyaṃ kammaṃ asammukhā karoti, vatthuvipannaṃ adhammakammanti ettha atthi kammaṃ sammukhākaraṇīyaṃ; atthi asammukhākaraṇīyaṃ; tattha asammukhākaraṇīyaṃ nāma dūtenupasampadā, pattanikkujjanaṃ, pattukkujjanaṃ, ummattakassa bhikkhuno ummattakasammuti, sekkhānaṃ kulānaṃ sekkhasammuti, channassa bhikkhuno brahmadaṇḍo, devadattassa pakāsanīyakammaṃ, appasādanīyaṃ dassentassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅghena kātabbaṃ avandanīyakammanti aṭṭhavidhaṃ hoti, taṃ sabbaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Idaṃ aṭṭhavidhampi kammaṃ asammukhā kataṃ sukataṃ hoti akuppaṃ.

Sesāni sabbakammāni sammukhā eva kātabbāni – saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatāti imaṃ catubbidhaṃ sammukhāvinayaṃ upanetvāva kātabbāni. Evaṃ katāni hi sukatāni honti. Evaṃ akatāni panetāni imaṃ sammukhāvinayasaṅkhātaṃ vatthuṃ vinā katattā vatthuvipannāni nāma honti. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『sammukhākaraṇīyaṃ kammaṃ asammukhā karoti, vatthuvipannaṃ adhammakamma』』nti.

Paṭipucchākaraṇīyādīsupi paṭipucchādikaraṇameva vatthu, taṃ vatthuṃ vinā katattā tesampi vatthuvipannatā veditabbā. Idaṃ panettha vacanatthamattaṃ. Paṭipucchā karaṇīyaṃ appaṭipucchā karotīti pucchitvā codetvā sāretvā kātabbaṃ apucchitvā acodetvā asāretvā karoti. Paṭiññāya karaṇīyaṃappaṭiññāya karotīti paṭiññaṃ āropetvā yathādinnāya paṭiññāya kātabbaṃ appaṭiññāya karontassa vippalapantassa balakkārena karoti. Sativinayārahassāti dabbamallaputtattherasadisassa khīṇāsavassa. Amūḷhavinayārahassāti gaggabhikkhusadisassa ummattakassa. Tassapāpiyasikakammārahassāti upavāḷabhikkhusadisassa ussannapāpassa. Esa nayo sabbattha.

Anuposatheuposathaṃ karotīti anuposathadivase uposathaṃ karoti. Uposathadivaso nāma ṭhapetvā kattikamāsaṃ avasesesu ekādasasu māsesu bhinnassa saṅghassa sāmaggidivaso ca yathāvuttacātuddasapannarasā ca. Etaṃ tippakārampi uposathadivasaṃ ṭhapetvā aññasmiṃ divase uposathaṃ karonto anuposathe uposathaṃ karoti nāma. Yatra hi pattacīvarādīnaṃ atthāya appamattakena kāraṇena vivadantā uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā ṭhapenti, tattha tasmiṃ adhikaraṇe vinicchite 『『samaggā jātāmhā』』ti antarā sāmaggiuposathaṃ kātuṃ na labhanti, karontehi anuposathe uposatho kato nāma hoti.

Apavāraṇāya pavāretīti apavāraṇādivase pavāreti; pavāraṇādivaso nāma ekasmiṃ kattikamāse bhinnassa saṅghassa sāmaggidivaso ca paccukkaḍḍhitvā ṭhapitadivaso ca dve ca puṇṇamāsiyo. Evaṃ catubbidhampi pavāraṇādivasaṃ ṭhapetvā aññasmiṃ divase pavārento apavāraṇāya pavāreti nāma. Idhāpi appamattakassa vivādassa vūpasame sāmaggipavāraṇaṃ kātuṃ na labhanti, karontehi apavāraṇāya pavāraṇā katā hoti. Apica ūnavīsativassaṃ vā antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannapubbaṃ vā ekādasasu vā abhabbapuggalesu aññataraṃ upasampādentassapi vatthuvipannaṃ adhammakammaṃ hoti. Evaṃ vatthuto kammāni vipajjanti.

應在現前進行的羯磨在非現前進行,事由失當,非法羯磨。在這裡,存在應在現前進行的羯磨;也存在應在非現前進行的羯磨。非現前應進行的羯磨包括:通過使者受具足戒、取消接受、恢復接受、瘋狂比丘的瘋狂同意、學習家庭的學習同意、對被遮蔽比丘的梵罰、對提婆達多的公開羯磨、對顯示不敬的比丘由比丘尼僧團進行的不可讚美羯磨,共八種。這一切應按照各自已說明的方式理解。這八種羯磨在非現前進行時,仍被視為正確進行,不可動搖。 其餘所有羯磨必須在現前進行——僧團現前、法現前、律現前、個人現前,這四種現前律應被帶入並進行。如此進行的羯磨被視為正確進行。如果不按此進行,因為缺少這種現前律的事由,將被視為事由失當。因此說:"應在現前進行的羯磨在非現前進行,事由失當,非法羯磨。" 在應詢問進行等情況中,詢問等進行也是事由。沒有這個事由,這些也應被理解為事由失當。這裡只是語言表達的意義。應詢問進行而不詢問進行,是指詢問、指責、啓發後進行,而不詢問、不指責、不啓發就進行。應承認進行而不承認進行,是指提出承認並按照給定的承認進行,而不承認者則胡言亂語,強制進行。"律的秘密"是指像達婆·摩羅子長老這樣的阿羅漢。"無癡律的秘密"是指像葛伽比丘這樣的瘋狂者。"更惡劣羯磨的秘密"是指像優波阇比丘這樣罪惡深重者。這一原則適用於一切情況。 在非布薩日進行布薩,是指在非布薩日進行布薩。布薩日是指除卡提卡月外的其餘十一個月中分裂僧團的和合日,以及如前所述的十四或十五日。除了這三種布薩日外,在其他日子進行布薩,稱為在非布薩日進行布薩。即使為衣缽等事由發生微小爭執而擱置布薩或自恣,在該爭執解決后,他們說"我們已和合",但不能進行中間和合布薩,進行者被視為在非布薩日進行布薩。 在非自恣日自恣,是指在非自恣日進行自恣。自恣日是指卡提卡月中分裂僧團的和合日,以及被驅逐后的日子和兩個滿月日。除了這四種自恣日外,在其他日子進行自恣,稱為在非自恣日自恣。在這種情況下,即使為微小爭執的平息,也不能進行和合自恣,進行者被視為在非自恣日自恣。此外,對於未滿二十歲、先前犯過最後過失、在十一種不適合的人中受具足戒,其羯磨也是事由失當的非法羯磨。如此,羯磨因事由而失敗。

  1. Ñattito vipattiyaṃ pana vatthuṃ na parāmasatīti yassa upasampadādikammaṃ karoti, taṃ na parāmasati, tassa nāmaṃ na gaṇhāti. 『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito āyasmato buddharakkhitassa upasampadāpekkho』』ti vattabbe 『『suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, āyasmato buddharakkhitassa upasampadāpekkho』』ti vadati; evaṃ vatthuṃ na parāmasati.

Saṅghaṃ na parāmasatīti saṅghassa nāmaṃ na gaṇhāti. 『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito』』ti vattabbe 『『suṇātu me bhante, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito』』ti vadati; evaṃ saṅghaṃ na parāmasati.

Puggalaṃ na parāmasatīti yo upasampadāpekkhassa upajjhāyo, taṃ na parāmasati, tassa nāmaṃ na gaṇhāti. 『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito āyasmato buddharakkhitassa upasampadāpekkho』』ti vattabbe 『『suṇātu me, bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito upasampadāpekkho』』ti vadati; evaṃ puggalaṃ na parāmasati.

Ñattiṃ na parāmasatīti sabbena sabbaṃ ñattiṃ na parāmasati. Ñattidutiyakamme ñattiṃ aṭṭhapetvā dvikkhattuṃ kammavācāya eva anussāvanakammaṃ karoti. Ñatticatutthakammepi ñattiṃ aṭṭhapetvā catukkhattuṃ kammavācāya eva anussāvanakammaṃ karoti; evaṃ ñattiṃ na parāmasati.

Pacchā vā ñattiṃ ṭhapetīti paṭhamaṃ kammavācāya anussāvanakammaṃ katvā 『『esā ñattī』』ti vatvā 『『khamati saṅghassa tasmā tuṇhī evametaṃ dhārayāmī』』ti vadati; evaṃ pacchā ñattiṃ ṭhapeti. Iti imehi pañcahākārehi ñattito kammāni vipajjanti.

關於提案中的缺陷不觸及:對於進行受具足戒等羯磨的對象,不觸及他,不提及他的名字。當應該說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,這位法護是尊者佛護的受具足戒候選人"時,卻說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,尊者佛護的受具足戒候選人";如此不觸及事由。 不觸及僧團:不提及僧團的名字。當應該說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,這位法護"時,卻說"請諸位尊者,這位法護";如此不觸及僧團。 不觸及個人:對於受具足戒候選人的依止師,不觸及他,不提及他的名字。當應該說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,這位法護是尊者佛護的受具足戒候選人"時,卻說"請諸位尊者僧團,這位法護受具足戒候選人";如此不觸及個人。 不觸及提案:完全不觸及提案。在第二提案羯磨中,不提及提案,僅通過羯磨宣告進行兩次宣告。在第四提案羯磨中,不提及提案,僅通過羯磨宣告進行四次宣告;如此不觸及提案。 後置提案:首先進行羯磨宣告的宣告,然後說"這是提案",接著說"僧團同意,因此默然,我如此持有";如此後置提案。因此,通過這五種方式,提案中的羯磨會失敗。

  1. Anussāvanato vipattiyaṃ pana vatthuādīni vuttanayeneva veditabbāni. Evaṃ pana nesaṃ aparāmasanaṃ hoti – 『『suṇātu me bhante saṅgho』』ti paṭhamānussāvane 『『dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi, tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi, suṇātu me bhante saṅgho』』ti dutiyatatiyānussāvanāsu vā 『『ayaṃ dhammarakkhito āyasmato buddharakkhitassa upasampadāpekkho』』ti vattabbe 『『suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, āyasmato buddharakkhitassā』』ti vadanto vatthuṃ na parāmasati nāma. 『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito』』ti vattabbe 『『suṇātu me bhante, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito』』ti vadanto saṅghaṃ na parāmasati nāma. 『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito āyasmato buddharakkhitassā』』ti vattabbe 『『suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ dhammarakkhito upasampadāpekkho』』ti vadanto puggalaṃ na parāmasati nāma.

Sāvanaṃ hāpetīti sabbena sabbaṃ kammavācāya anussāvanaṃ na karoti, ñattidutiyakamme dvikkhattuṃ ñattimeva ṭhapeti, ñatticatutthakamme catukkhattuṃ ñattimeva ṭhapeti; evaṃ anussāvanaṃ hāpeti . Yopi ñattidutiyakamme ekaṃ ñattiṃ ṭhapetvā ekaṃ kammavācaṃ anussāvento akkharaṃ vā chaḍḍeti, padaṃ vā duruttaṃ karoti, ayampi anussāvanaṃ hāpetiyeva. Ñatticatutthakamme pana ekaṃ ñattiṃ ṭhapetvā sakimeva vā dvikkhattuṃ vā kammavācāya anussāvanaṃ karontopi akkharaṃ vā padaṃ vā chaḍḍentopi duruttaṃ karontopi anussāvanaṃ hāpetiyevāti veditabbo.

Duruttaṃ karotīti ettha pana ayaṃ vinicchayo – yo hi aññasmiṃ akkhare vattabbe aññaṃ vadati, ayaṃ duruttaṃ karoti nāma. Tasmā kammavācaṃ karontena bhikkhunā yvāyaṃ –

『『Sithilaṃ dhanitañca dīgharassaṃ, garukaṃ lahukañca niggahitaṃ;

Sambandhaṃ vavatthitaṃ vimuttaṃ, dasadhā byañjanabuddhiyā pabhedo』』ti.

Vutto, ayaṃ suṭṭhu upalakkhetabbo. Ettha hi 『『sithilaṃ』』 nāma pañcasu vaggesu paṭhamatatiyaṃ. 『『Dhanitaṃ』』 nāma tesveva dutiyacatutthaṃ. 『『Dīgha』』nti dīghena kālena vattabbaṃ ākārādi. 『『Rassa』』nti tato upaḍḍhakālena vattabbaṃ akārādi. 『『Garuka』』nti dīghameva. Yaṃ vā āyasmato buddharakkhitattherassa yassa nakkhamatīti evaṃ saṃyogaparaṃ katvā vuccati. 『『Lahuka』』nti rassameva. Yaṃ vā āyasmato buddharakkhitatherassa yassa na khamatīti evaṃ asaṃyogaparaṃ katvā vuccati. 『『Niggahita』』nti yaṃ karaṇāni niggahetvā avissajjetvā avivaṭena mukhena sānunāsikaṃ katvā vattabbaṃ. 『『Sambandha』』nti yaṃ parapadena sambandhitvā 『『tuṇhissā』』ti vā 『『tuṇhassā』』ti vā vuccati. 『『Vavatthita』』nti yaṃ parapadena asambandhaṃ katvā vicchinditvā 『『tuṇhī assā』』ti vā 『『tuṇha assā』』ti vā vuccati. 『『Vimutta』』nti yaṃ karaṇāni aniggahetvā vissajjetvā vivaṭena mukhena anunāsikaṃ akatvā vuccati.

關於宣告中的缺陷,事由等應按照已說明的方式理解。他們不觸及的方式如下:在第一次宣告中說"請諸位尊者僧團聽",在第二和第三次宣告中說"我再次說這件事,第三次說這件事,請諸位尊者僧團聽";或者當應該說"這位法護是尊者佛護的受具足戒候選人"時,卻說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,尊者佛護的",如此不觸及事由。當應該說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,這位法護"時,卻說"請諸位尊者,這位法護",如此不觸及僧團。當應該說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,這位法護是尊者佛護的"時,卻說"請諸位尊者僧團聽,這位法護受具足戒候選人",如此不觸及個人。 遺漏宣告:完全不進行羯磨宣告,在第二提案羯磨中僅保留兩次提案,在第四提案羯磨中僅保留四次提案;如此遺漏宣告。即使在第二提案羯磨中保留一個提案,僅宣告一個羯磨宣告,丟棄一個字母或不當地說一個詞,也是遺漏宣告。在第四提案羯磨中,保留一個提案,一次或兩次進行羯磨宣告,丟棄字母或詞語,或不當地說,也應理解為遺漏宣告。 不當地說:在這裡,判斷是:當應該說一個字母時說另一個字母,這就是不當地說。因此,進行羯磨宣告的比丘應當特別注意以下內容: "鬆弛與緊繃,長短音, 重輕音與鼻音變化; 連線、限定與分離, 字母智慧可分十種。" 這應該被很好地識別。在這裡,"鬆弛"是指在五個輔音組中的第一和第三個。"緊繃"是指在這些輔音中的第二和第四個。"長"是指以長時間發音的語氣等。"短"是指以一半時間發音的語氣等。"重"是指長音。可以這樣說,即"尊者佛護長老不接受"。"輕"是指短音。可以這樣說,即"尊者佛護長老不接受"。"鼻音"是指抑制發音器官,不張口,以鼻音發音。"連線"是指與後續詞語連線,說"保持沉默"。"限定"是指與後續詞語分開,說"保持沉默"。"分離"是指不抑制發音器官,張口,不用鼻音發音。

Tattha 『『suṇātu me』』ti vattabbe ta-kārassa tha-kāraṃ katvā 『『suṇāthu me』』ti vacanaṃ sithilassa dhanitakaraṇaṃ nāma. Tathā 『『pattakallaṃ, esā ñattī』』ti vattabbe 『『patthakallaṃ, esā ñatthī』』tiādivacanañca. 『『Bhante saṅgho』』ti vattabbe bha-kāra gha-kārānaṃ ba-kāra ga-kāre katvā 『『bante saṅgo』』ti vacanaṃ dhanitassa sithilakaraṇaṃ nāma. 『『Suṇātu me』』ti vivaṭena mukhena vattabbe pana 『『suṇaṃtu me』』ti vā 『『esā ñattī』』ti vattabbe 『『esaṃ ñattī』』ti vā avivaṭena mukhena anunāsikaṃ katvā vacanaṃ vimuttassa niggahitavacanaṃ nāma. 『『Pattakalla』』nti avivaṭena mukhena anunāsikaṃ katvā vattabbe 『『pattakallā』』ti vivaṭena mukhena anunāsikaṃ akatvā vacanaṃ niggahitassa vimuttavacanaṃ nāma.

Iti sithile kattabbe dhanitaṃ, dhanite kattabbe sithilaṃ, vimutte kattabbe niggahitaṃ, niggahite kattabbe vimuttanti imāni cattāri byañjanāni antokammavācāya kammaṃ dūsenti. Evaṃ vadanto hi aññasmiṃ akkhare vattabbe aññaṃ vadati, duruttaṃ karotīti vuccati. Itaresu pana dīgharassādīsu chasu byañjanesu dīghaṭṭhāne dīghameva, rassaṭṭhāne ca rassamevāti evaṃ yathāṭhāne taṃ tadeva akkharaṃ bhāsantena anukkamāgataṃ paveṇiṃ avināsentena kammavācā kātabbā. Sace pana evaṃ akatvā dīghe vattabbe rassaṃ, rasse vā vattabbe dīghaṃ vadati; tathā garuke vattabbe lahukaṃ, lahuke vā vattabbe garukaṃ vadati; sambandhe vā pana vattabbe vavatthitaṃ, vavatthite vā vattabbe sambandhaṃ vadati; evaṃ vuttepi kammavācā na kuppati. Imāni hi cha byañjanāni kammaṃ na kopenti.

Yaṃ pana suttantikattherā 『『da-kāro ta-kāramāpajjati, ta-kāro da-kāramāpajjati, ca-kāro ja-kāramāpajjati, ja-kāro ca-kāramāpajjati, ya-kāro ka-kāramāpajjati, ka-kāro ya-kāramāpajjati; tasmā da-kārādīsu vattabbesu ta-kārādivacanaṃ na virujjhatī』』ti vadanti, taṃ kammavācaṃ patvā na vaṭṭati. Tasmā vinayadharena neva da-kāro ta-kāro kātabbo…pe… na ka-kāro ya-kāro. Yathāpāḷiyā niruttiṃ sodhetvā dasavidhāya byañjananiruttiyā vuttadose pariharantena kammavācā kātabbā. Itarathā hi sāvanaṃ hāpeti nāma.

Akāle vā sāvetīti sāvanāya akāle anokāse ñattiṃ aṭṭhapetvā paṭhamaṃyeva anussāvanakammaṃ katvā pacchā ñattiṃ ṭhapeti. Iti imehi pañcahākārehi anussāvanato kammāni vipajjanti.

在這裡,當應該說"請聽"時,將"ta"音變為"tha"音,說"請聽",這是鬆弛變為緊繃。同樣,當應該說"已準備好,這是提案"時,說"已準備"等。當應該說"尊者僧團"時,將"bha"音和"gha"音變為"ba"音和"ga"音,說"尊者僧",這是緊繃變為鬆弛。當以張開的嘴應該說"請聽"時,卻說"請聽",或當應該說"這是提案"時,說"這是提案",以未張開的嘴用鼻音發音,這是分離的鼻音。當應該以未張開的嘴用鼻音發音說"已準備"時,以張開的嘴不用鼻音發音說"已準備",這是鼻音變為分離。 因此,在應該鬆弛時緊繃,在應該緊繃時鬆弛,在應該分離時用鼻音,在應該用鼻音時分離,這四種字母會在羯磨宣告內部破壞羯磨。如此說話時,當應該說一個字母卻說另一個字母,就被稱為不當地說。在其他六種字母中,長音處應該長音,短音處應該短音,這樣在適當的位置說適當的字母,不破壞傳統,應進行羯磨宣告。如果不這樣做,在應該長音時說短音,應該短音時說長音;應該重音時說輕音,應該輕音時說重音;應該連線時說限定,應該限定時說連線,即使這樣說,羯磨宣告也不會失效。這六種字母不會破壞羯磨。 經典誦習長老們說:"'da'音可以變為'ta'音,'ta'音可以變為'da'音,'ca'音可以變為'ja'音,'ja'音可以變為'ca'音,'ya'音可以變為'ka'音,'ka'音可以變為'ya'音;因此在說'da'音等時,說'ta'音等並不相悖",但這對羯磨宣告是不適當的。因此,律學者不應將'da'音變為'ta'音……不應將'ka'音變為'ya'音。應該凈化巴利語言,避免十種字母語言中提到的缺陷後進行羯磨宣告。否則,這就是遺漏宣告。 在不適當的時間宣告:在不適當的時間和地點,不保留提案,直接進行第一次宣告,然後後置提案。因此,通過這五種方式,羯磨會因宣告而失敗。

  1. Sīmato vipattiyaṃ pana atikhuddakasīmā nāma yā ekavīsati bhikkhū na gaṇhāti. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『yattha ekavīsati bhikkhū nisīdituṃ na sakkontī』』ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā yā evarūpā sīmā, ayaṃ sammatāpi asammatā, gāmakhettasadisāva hoti, tattha kataṃ kammaṃ kuppati. Esa nayo sesasīmāsupi. Ettha pana atimahatī nāma yā kesaggamattenāpi tiyojanaṃ atikkāmetvā sammatā hoti. Khaṇḍanimittā nāma aghaṭitanimittā vuccati. Puratthimāya disāya nimittaṃ kittetvā anukkameneva dakkhiṇāya pacchimāya uttarāya disāya kittetvā puna puratthimāya disāya pubbakittitaṃ nimittaṃ paṭikittetvāva ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati; evaṃ akhaṇḍanimittā hoti. Sace pana anukkamena āharitvā uttarāya disāya nimittaṃ kittetvā tattheva ṭhapeti, khaṇḍanimittā hoti. Aparāpi khaṇḍanimittā nāma yā animittupagaṃ tacasārarukkhaṃ vā khāṇukaṃ vā paṃsupuñjavālikāpuñjānaṃ vā aññataraṃ antarā ekaṃ nimittaṃ katvā sammatā hoti. Chāyānimittā nāma yā pabbatacchāyādīnaṃ yaṃkiñci chāyaṃ nimittaṃ katvā sammatā hoti. Animittā nāma yā sabbena sabbaṃ nimittāni akittetvā sammatā hoti.

Bahisīme ṭhito sīmaṃ sammannati nāma nimittāni kittetvā nimittānaṃ bahi ṭhito sammannati. Nadiyā samudde jātassare sīmaṃ sammannatīti etesu nadiādīsu yaṃ sammannati, sā evaṃ sammatāpi 『『sabbā, bhikkhave, nadī asīmā, sabbo samuddo asīmo, sabbo jātassaro asīmo』』ti (mahāva. 147) vacanato asammatāva hoti. Sīmāya sīmaṃ sambhindatīti attano sīmāya paresaṃ sīmaṃ sambhindati. Ajjhottharatīti attano sīmāya paresaṃ sīmaṃ ajjhottharati. Tattha yathā sambhedo ca ajjhottharaṇañca hoti, taṃ sabbaṃ uposathakkhandhake vuttameva. Iti imā ekādasapi sīmā asīmā gāmakhettasadisā eva, tāsu nisīditvā kataṃ kammaṃ kuppati. Tena vuttaṃ 『『imehi ekādasahi ākārehi sīmato kammāni vipajjantī』』ti.

487-488. Parisato kammavipattiyaṃ pana kiñci anuttānaṃ nāma natthi. Yampi tattha kammappattachandārahalakkhaṇaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, tampi parato 『『cattāro bhikkhū pakatattā kammappattā』』tiādinā nayena vuttameva. Tattha pakatattā kammappattāti catuvaggakaraṇe kamme cattāro pakatattā anukkhittā anissāritā parisuddhasīlā cattāro bhikkhū kammappattā kammassa arahā anucchavikā sāmino. Na tehi vinā taṃ kammaṃ kayirati, na tesaṃ chando vā pārisuddhi vā eti. Avasesā pana sacepi sahassamattā honti, sace samānasaṃvāsakā, sabbe chandārahāva honti. Chandapārisuddhiṃ datvā āgacchantu vā mā vā, kammaṃ pana tiṭṭhati. Yassa pana saṅgho parivāsādikammaṃ karoti, so neva kammappatto, nāpi chandāraho. Apica yasmā taṃ puggalaṃ vatthuṃ katvā saṅgho kammaṃ karoti, tasmā 『『kammāraho』』ti vuccati. Sesakammesupi eseva nayo.

  1. Puna cattāri kammānītiādiko nayo paṇḍakādīnaṃ avatthubhāvadassanatthaṃ vutto. Sesamettha uttānameva.

Apalokanakammakathā

495-

關於邊界的缺陷,所謂的「極小邊界」,是指不包含二十位比丘的邊界。在Kurundiya中說「在此處不可能有二十位比丘坐下」。因此,像這樣的邊界,無論是被認可的還是不被認可的,都類似於鄉村田地,那裡所做的行為會引起反應。這種情況在其他邊界中也是如此。在這裡,所謂的「極大邊界」,是指即使是邊界的邊緣也超過了三十個單位的認可。所謂的「斷片標誌」,是指不合適的標誌。東邊的標誌通過順序描述南邊、西邊、北邊的標誌,再次通過東邊的標誌來描述,必須保持;如此便成為不分割的標誌。如果順序地取出北邊的標誌並在同一地點放置,則成為分割的標誌。還有其他分割的標誌,指的是沒有標誌的樹木、灌木或土壤的某一部分,成為認可的標誌。所謂的「陰影標誌」,是指以山的陰影等作為標誌。所謂的「無標誌」,是指完全不描述任何標誌而被認可。 在外部存在的邊界,通過描述標誌而被認可,標誌在外部存在的情況下被認可。對於河流和海洋的邊界,所認可的標誌是「所有的,尊者們,河流是無邊界的,所有的海洋都是無邊界的,所有的出生的水流都是無邊界的」,因此在這些河流等中被認可的邊界是不被認可的。邊界會破壞邊界,這意味著在自己的邊界上破壞他人的邊界。推翻意味著在自己的邊界上推翻他人的邊界。在這裡,如同破壞和推翻的情況,在《優婆塞法》中的描述也是如此。因此,這十一種邊界與鄉村田地相似,坐在那裡所做的行為會引起反應。由此說「通過這十一種方式,邊界的行為會失敗」。 487-488. 關於集會的行為缺陷,實際上並沒有任何不當之處。即使在這裡有與行為相關的渴望和特徵,也是在「有四位比丘是熟練的行為者」等的情況下被提到的。在這裡,熟練的行為者是指在四個部分的行為中,四位熟練的比丘是無依賴的、純潔的,能夠進行行為的。沒有他們,行為不會成立,也不會有渴望或純潔性。其餘的,即使有一千位比丘,如果是同一處共同生活,所有人都將是渴望和純潔的。給予渴望和純潔性后前來或不來,行為仍然存在。對於進行居住行為的僧團,他們不是熟練的行為者,也不是渴望者。此外,由於該個人作為事由,僧團進行行為,因此被稱為「行為者」。在其他行為中也是同樣的道理。 關於四種行為等的說法,是爲了顯示對比丘等的狀態的描述。其餘的內容在這裡是簡要說明。 關於無視行為的討論。

  1. Idāni tesaṃ kammānaṃ pabhedadassanatthaṃ 『『apalokanakammaṃ kati ṭhānāni gacchatī』』tiādimāha. Tattha 『『apalokanakammaṃ pañca ṭhānāni gacchati – osāraṇaṃ, nissāraṇaṃ, bhaṇḍukammaṃ, brahmadaṇḍaṃ, kammalakkhaṇaññeva pañcama』』nti ettha 『『osāraṇaṃ nissāraṇa』』nti padasiliṭṭhatāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ pana nissāraṇā hoti, pacchā osāraṇā. Tattha yā kaṇṭakasāmaṇerassa daṇḍakammanāsanā, sā 『『nissāraṇā』』ti veditabbā. Tasmā etarahi sacepi sāmaṇero buddhassa vā dhammassa vā saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati, 『『akappiyaṃ kappiya』』nti dīpeti, micchādiṭṭhiko hoti antaggāhikāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato, so yāvatatiyaṃ nivāretvā taṃ laddhiṃ nissajjāpetabbo. No ce vissajjeti, saṅghaṃ sannipātetvā 『『vissajjehī』』ti vattabbo. No ce vissajjeti, byattena bhikkhunā apalokanakammaṃ katvā nissāretabbo. Evañca pana kammaṃ kātabbaṃ –

『『Saṅghaṃ, bhante, pucchāmi – 『ayaṃ itthannāmo sāmaṇero buddhassa dhammassa saṅghassa avaṇṇavādī micchādiṭṭhiko, yaṃ aññe sāmaṇerā labhanti, dirattatirattaṃ bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ sahaseyyaṃ, tassa alābhāya nissāraṇā ruccati saṅghassā』ti. Dutiyampi… tatiyampi, bhante, saṅghaṃ pucchāmi – 『ayaṃ itthannāmo sāmaṇero buddhassa…pe… ruccati saṅghassā』ti cara pire vinassā』』ti.

So aparena samayena 『『ahaṃ, bhante, bālatāya aññāṇatāya alakkhikatāya evaṃ akāsiṃ, svāhaṃ saṅghaṃ khamāpemī』』ti khamāpento yāvatatiyaṃ yācāpetvā apalokanakammeneva osāretabbo . Evaṃ pana osāretabbo, saṅghamajjhe byattena bhikkhunā saṅghassa anumatiyā sāvetabbaṃ –

『『Saṅghaṃ, bhante, pucchāmi – ayaṃ itthannāmo sāmaṇero buddhassa dhammassa saṅghassa avaṇṇavādī micchādiṭṭhiko, yaṃ aññe sāmaṇerā labhanti, bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ dirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ, tassa alābhāya nissārito, svāyaṃ idāni sorato nivātavutti lajjidhammaṃ okkanto hirottappe patiṭṭhito katadaṇḍakammo accayaṃ deseti, imassa sāmaṇerassa yathā pure kāyasambhogasāmaggidānaṃ ruccati saṅghassā』』ti.

Evaṃ tikkhattuṃ vattabbaṃ. Evaṃ apalokanakammaṃ osāraṇañca nissāraṇañca gacchati. Bhaṇḍukammaṃ mahākhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttameva. Brahmadaṇḍo pañcasatikakkhandhake vuttoyeva. Na kevalaṃ panesa channasseva paññatto, yo aññopi bhikkhu mukharo hoti, bhikkhū duruttavacanehi ghaṭṭento khuṃsento vambhento viharati, tassapi dātabbo. Evañca pana dātabbo, saṅghamajjhe byattena bhikkhunā saṅghassa anumatiyā sāvetabbaṃ –

『『Bhante, itthannāmo bhikkhu mukharo, bhikkhū duruttavacanehi ghaṭṭento viharati. So bhikkhu yaṃ iccheyya, taṃ vadeyya. Bhikkhūhi itthannāmo bhikkhu neva vattabbo, na ovaditabbo, na anusāsitabbo. Saṅghaṃ, bhante, pucchāmi – 『itthannāmassa bhikkhuno brahmadaṇḍassa dānaṃ, ruccati saṅghassā』ti. Dutiyampi pucchāmi, tatiyampi pucchāmi – 『itthannāmassa, bhante, bhikkhuno brahmadaṇḍassa dānaṃ, ruccati saṅghassā』』』ti.

現在爲了展示這些行為的型別,他說"無視行為走向多少地方"等。在這裡,"無視行為走向五個地方:收容、驅逐、物品處理、梵罰、行為特徵"。在這裡,"收容和驅逐"這個詞組是爲了文字的連貫性而說的。首先是驅逐,然後是收容。在這裡,關於刺頭沙彌的處罰和破壞,應該理解為"驅逐"。因此,即使現在一位沙彌對佛、法、僧說不敬的話,說"不合法的是合法的",持有邪見,具有極端的見解,應該警告他三次並令其放棄這種觀點。如果不放棄,應召集僧團說"請放棄"。如果不放棄,應由精通的比丘通過無視行為將其驅逐。應該這樣進行行為: "尊者,我詢問僧團:'這位名叫某某的沙彌是佛、法、僧的譭謗者,持有邪見,其他沙彌得到的,與比丘同牀一兩夜,僧團同意驅逐他'。第二次、第三次,尊者,我詢問僧團:'這位名叫某某的沙彌……僧團同意驅逐他'。" 他在另一個時候說:"尊者,我因愚昧、無知、輕率而如此行事,現在我請求僧團原諒",請求原諒三次後,應通過無視行為收容。應該這樣收容,由精通的比丘在僧團中獲得同意后宣告: "尊者,我詢問僧團:這位名叫某某的沙彌是佛、法、僧的譭謗者,持有邪見,其他沙彌得到的,與比丘同牀一兩夜,已被驅逐,現在他已經變得溫順、謙遜,進入了羞愧之道,安住于慚愧,承認過錯,僧團同意恢復他與他人的身體接觸。" 應該說三次。這樣,無視行為包括收容和驅逐。物品處理在《大篇註釋》中已經說明。梵罰在五百篇章中已經提到。不僅僅是針對六人,任何說話粗魯、用不恰當的言語騷擾比丘的比丘,也應該給予這種處罰。應該這樣給予,由精通的比丘在僧團中獲得同意后宣告: "尊者,名叫某某的比丘說話粗魯,用不恰當的言語騷擾比丘。這位比丘可以說他想說的。不應該與這位比丘說話、訓誡或教導。尊者,我詢問僧團:'是否同意對這位名叫某某的比丘施加梵罰'。第二次、第三次詢問:'尊者,是否同意對這位比丘施加梵罰'。"

Tassa aparena samayena sammā vattitvā khamāpentassa brahmadaṇḍo paṭippassambhetabbo. Evañca pana paṭippassambhetabbo, byattena bhikkhunā saṅghamajjhe sāvetabbaṃ –

『『Bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho asukassa bhikkhuno brahmadaṇḍaṃ adāsi, so bhikkhu sorato nivātavutti lajjidhammaṃ okkanto hirottappe patiṭṭhito, paṭisaṅkhā āyatiṃ saṃvare tiṭṭhati, saṅghaṃ, bhante, pucchāmi, tassa bhikkhuno brahmadaṇḍassa paṭippassaddhi, ruccati saṅghassā』』ti.

Evaṃ yāvatatiyaṃ vatvā apalokanakammeneva brahmadaṇḍo paṭippassambhetabboti.

Kammalakkhaṇaññeva pañcamanti yaṃ taṃ bhagavatā bhikkhunikkhandhake 『『tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo kaddamodakena osiñcanti, 『appeva nāma amhesu sārajjeyyu』nti, kāyaṃ vivaritvā bhikkhunīnaṃ dassenti , ūruṃ vivaritvā bhikkhunīnaṃ dassenti, aṅgajātaṃ vivaritvā bhikkhunīnaṃ dassenti, bhikkhuniyo obhāsenti, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ sampayojenti, 『appeva nāma amhesu sārajjeyyu』nti. Imesu vatthūsu tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dukkaṭaṃ paññapetvā 『anujānāmi bhikkhave tassa bhikkhuno daṇḍakammaṃ kātu』nti. Atha kho bhikkhunīnaṃ etadahosi – 『kiṃ nu kho daṇḍakammaṃ kātabba』nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ – 『avandiyo so bhikkhave bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena kātabbo』』』ti evaṃ avandiyakammaṃ anuññātaṃ, taṃ kammalakkhaṇaññeva pañcamaṃ imassa apalokanakammassa ṭhānaṃ hoti. Tassa hi kammaññeva lakkhaṇaṃ, na osāraṇādīni; tasmā 『『kammalakkhaṇa』』nti vuccati. Tassa karaṇaṃ tattheva vuttaṃ. Apica naṃ paṭippassaddhiyā saddhiṃ vitthārato dassetuṃ idhāpi vadāma, bhikkhunupassaye sannipatitassa bhikkhunisaṅghassa anumatiyā byattāya bhikkhuniyā sāvetabbaṃ –

『『Ayye asuko nāma ayyo bhikkhunīnaṃ apāsādikaṃ dasseti, etassa ayyassa avandiyakaraṇaṃ ruccatīti bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ pucchāmi, dutiyampi… tatiyampi bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ pucchāmī』』ti.

Evaṃ tikkhattuṃ sāvetvā apalokanakammena avandiyakammaṃ kātabbaṃ.

Tato paṭṭhāya so bhikkhu bhikkhunīhi na vanditabbo. Sace avandiyamāno hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā sammā vattati, tena bhikkhuniyo khamāpetabbā. Khamāpentena bhikkhunupassayaṃ agantvā vihāreyeva saṅghaṃ vā gaṇaṃ vā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā 『『ahaṃ bhante paṭisaṅkhā āyatiṃ saṃvare tiṭṭhāmi, na puna apāsādikaṃ dassessāmi, bhikkhunisaṅgho mayhaṃ khamatū』』ti khamāpetabbaṃ. Tena saṅghena vā gaṇena vā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ pesetvā ekabhikkhunā vā sayameva gantvā bhikkhuniyo vattabbā – 『『ayaṃ bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā āyatiṃ saṃvare ṭhito, iminā accayaṃ desetvā bhikkhunisaṅgho khamāpito, bhikkhunisaṅgho imaṃ vandiyaṃ karotū』』ti. So vandiyo kātabbo. Evañca pana kātabbo, bhikkhunupassaye sannipatitassa bhikkhunisaṅghassa anumatiyā byattāya bhikkhuniyā sāvetabbaṃ –

『『Ayaṃ ayye asuko nāma ayyo bhikkhunīnaṃ apāsādikaṃ dassetīti bhikkhunisaṅghena avandiyo kato, so lajjidhammaṃ okkamitvā paṭisaṅkhā āyatiṃ saṃvare ṭhito accayaṃ desetvā bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ khamāpesi, tassa ayyassa vandiyakaraṇaṃ ruccatīti bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ pucchāmī』』ti –

Tikkhattuṃ vattabbaṃ evaṃ apalokanakammeneva vandiyo kātabbo.

在稍後的時間內,經過適當的行為后,梵罰應被解除。並且應如此解除,由精通的比丘在僧團中獲得同意后宣告: "尊者,某位比丘給予了某位比丘梵罰,他已經溫順,安住于羞愧之道,承認過錯,保持自我約束,尊者,我詢問這位比丘的梵罰解除是否合適,僧團同意嗎?" 這樣說三次,經過無視行為后,梵罰應被解除。 關於行為特徵的第五種,正如佛陀在比丘法中所說:「當時,六群比丘用水灑在比丘身上,『我們會被責備』是他們的想法,打開身體向比丘展示,打開腿向比丘展示,打開手臂向比丘展示,令比丘們感到羞愧,與比丘們結合,『我們會被責備』是他們的想法。在這些情況下,給這些比丘施加了不當的行為,『我允許你們,尊者們,給這位比丘施加處罰』。然後比丘們想:『究竟應該施加什麼樣的處罰?』佛陀對此事告知他們:『這位比丘應被比丘群體施加處罰』。」因此,不當的行為被允許,這就是行為特徵的第五種,在無視行為的情況下形成。因為它的特徵是行為本身,而不是驅逐等;所以稱之為「行為特徵」。其執行方法在此已說明。此外,爲了詳細說明其解除,以下也應如此說,由精通的比丘在僧團中獲得同意后宣告: "尊者,某位比丘向比丘們展示了不當的行為,我詢問僧團,這位比丘的解除是否合適,僧團同意嗎?第二次、第三次,我詢問僧團。" 這樣說三次,經過無視行為后,不當的行為應被解除。 從此以後,這位比丘不應被尊敬。如果他在被不當行為影響的情況下,保持羞愧,正確行事,那麼比丘們應當原諒他。在原諒的過程中,不必前往比丘群體,而是直接在寺院中找到僧團或某位比丘,坐下併合掌說:「尊者,我保持自我約束,不再展示不當的行為,請僧團原諒我。」因此,應該派遣一位比丘或自己前往比丘群體,進行這樣的行為: 「這位比丘保持自我約束,展示了他的錯誤,僧團應原諒他。」他應被原諒。並且應如此進行,由精通的比丘在僧團中獲得同意后宣告: 「這位名叫某某的比丘展示了不當的行為,尊者們,我詢問僧團,是否同意給予原諒?」 這樣說三次,經過無視行為后,應給予原諒。

Ayaṃ panettha pāḷimuttakopi kammalakkhaṇavinicchayo. Idañhi kammalakkhaṇaṃ nāma bhikkhunisaṅghamūlakaṃ paññattaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghassāpi panetaṃ labbhatiyeva. Yañhi bhikkhusaṅgho salākaggayāgaggabhattaggauposathaggesu apalokanakammaṃ karoti, etampi kammalakkhaṇameva. Acchinnacīvarajiṇṇacīvaranaṭṭhacīvarānañhi saṅghaṃ sannipātetvā byattena bhikkhunā yāvatatiyaṃ sāvetvā apalokanakammaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Appamattakavissajjakena pana cīvaraṃ karontassa senāsanakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttappabhedāni sūciādīni anapaloketvāpi dātabbāni. Tesaṃ dāne soyeva issaro, tato atirekaṃ dentena apaloketvā dātabbaṃ. Tato hi atirekadāne saṅgho sāmī. Gilānabhesajjampi tattha vuttappakāraṃ sayameva dātabbaṃ. Atirekaṃ icchantassa apaloketvā dātabbaṃ. Yopi ca dubbalo vā chinniriyāpatho vā pacchinnabhikkhācārapatho vā mahāgilāno, tassa mahāvāsesu tatruppādato devasikaṃ nāḷi vā upaḍḍhanāḷi vā ekadivasaṃyeva vā pañca vā dasa vā taṇḍulanāḷiyo dentena apalokanakammaṃ katvāva dātabbā. Pesalassa bhikkhuno tatruppādato iṇapalibodhampi bahussutassa saṅghabhāranitthārakassa bhikkhuno anuṭṭhāpanīyasenāsanampi saṅghakiccaṃ karontānaṃ kappiyakārakādīnaṃ bhattavetanampi apalokanakammena dātuṃ vaṭṭati.

Catupaccayavasena dinnatatruppādato saṅghikaṃ āvāsaṃ jaggāpetuṃ vaṭṭati. 『『Ayaṃ bhikkhu issaravatāya vicāretī』』ti kathāpacchindanatthaṃ pana salākaggādīsu vā antarasannipāte vā saṅghaṃ pucchitvāva jaggāpetabbo. Cīvarapiṇḍapātatthāya odissadinnatatruppādatopi apaloketvā āvāso jaggāpetabbo. Anapaloketvāpi vaṭṭati. 『『Sūro vatāyaṃ bhikkhu cīvarapiṇḍapātatthāya dinnato āvāsaṃ jaggāpetī』』ti evaṃ uppannakathāpacchedanatthaṃ pana apalokanakammameva katvā jaggāpetabbo.

Cetiye chattaṃ vā vedikaṃ vā bodhigharaṃ vā āsanagharaṃ vā akataṃ vā karontena jiṇṇaṃ vā paṭisaṅkharontena sudhākammaṃ vā karontena manusse samādapetvā kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace kārako natthi, cetiyassa upanikkhepato kāretabbaṃ. Upanikkhepepi asati apalokanakammaṃ katvā tatruppādato kāretabbaṃ, saṅghikenapi. Saṅghikena hi apaloketvā cetiyakiccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Cetiyassa santakena apaloketvāpi saṅghikakiccaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Tāvakālikaṃ pana gahetvā pākatikaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati.

Cetiye sudhākammādīni karontehi pana bhikkhācārato vā saṅghato vā yāpanamattaṃ alabhantehi cetiyasantakato yāpanamattaṃ gahetvā paribhuñjantehi vattaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, 『『vattaṃ karomā』』ti macchamaṃsādīhi saṅghabhattaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Ye vihāre ropitā phalarukkhā saṅghena pariggahitā honti, jagganakammaṃ labhanti, yesaṃ phalāni ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā bhājetvā paribhuñjanti, tesu apalokanakammaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Ye pana apariggahitā, tesu apalokanakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Taṃ pana salākaggayāgaggabhattaggaantarasannipātesupi kātuṃ vaṭṭati, uposathagge pana vaṭṭatiyeva. Tattha hi anāgatānampi chandapārisuddhi āhariyati, tasmā taṃ suvisodhitaṃ hoti.

這裡的巴利文原文之外的行為特徵判斷是這樣的。這種行為特徵是以比丘尼僧團為基礎制定的,但比丘僧團也可以獲得。當比丘僧團在選票、祭祀、食物分配和布薩等儀式中進行無視行為時,這也是行為特徵。對於破損、破舊、遺失的僧衣,應召集僧團,由精通的比丘三次宣告后,通過無視行為來分發僧衣。對於數量較少的分發,根據《住處篇章註釋》中提到的型別,可以不經過無視行為直接分發針等物品。在分發時,分發者是主導,超出部分則需經過無視行為分發。因為超出部分時,僧團是主導。生病的藥品也應按照那裡提到的方式自行分發。想要額外分發時,需經過無視行為。對於虛弱、行動受限、乞食路線中斷或重病的比丘,在大眾居住處,每天可以分發一或半升,或一天五或十升大米,需經過無視行為。對於善良的比丘,從居住處分發,可以解決債務障礙;對於博學、分擔僧團負擔的比丘,可以提供住處;對於為僧團服務的護法等,可以通過無視行為支付食物和工資。 根據四種因緣,從分發處可以維護僧團的住所。爲了阻止"這位比丘以主導地位行事"的說法,在選票分配等或臨時集會中,應先詢問僧團。對於為僧衣和乞食而指定分發的處所,也應經過無視行為維護。不經過無視行為也可以。爲了阻止"這位比丘勇敢地為僧衣和乞食而分發住所"的說法,應通過無視行為維護。 在佛塔修建遮陽傘、欄桿、菩提樹屋、會堂,或修繕破舊處、粉飾時,可以動員人們修建。如果沒有建造者,應從佛塔的存放處開始建造。如果存放處也沒有,應通過無視行為從該處開始建造,包括僧團的。經過僧團同意可以進行佛塔事務。未經佛塔所有者同意不可進行僧團事務。但可以暫時取用並恢復原狀。 在佛塔粉飾等時,如果從乞食或僧團無法獲得維持生活的資源,可以從佛塔所有物中取用維持生活,可以履行職責,但不可以用魚肉等舉行僧團宴會。在寺院種植並被僧團接受的果樹,可以獲得維護,其果實可以敲鐘分發食用。對於未被接受的果樹,可以進行無視行為。可以在選票、祭祀、食物分配等臨時集會中進行,在布薩儀式中更是如此。因為在那裡可以獲得未來者的意願和純潔性,所以這是非常純凈的。

Evañca pana kātabbaṃ, byattena bhikkhunā bhikkhusaṅghassa anumatiyā sāvetabbaṃ –

『『Bhante, yaṃ imasmiṃ vihāre antosīmāya saṅghasantakaṃ mūlatacapattaaṅkurapupphaphalakhādanīyādi atthi, taṃ sabbaṃ āgatāgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yathāsukhaṃ paribhuñjituṃ ruccatīti saṅghaṃ pucchāmī』』ti tikkhattuṃ pucchitabbaṃ.

Catūhi pañcahi bhikkhūhi kataṃ sukatameva. Yasmiṃ vihāre dve tayo janā vasanti, tehi nisīditvā katampi saṅghena katasadisameva. Yasmiṃ pana vihāre eko bhikkhu hoti, tena bhikkhunā uposathadivase pubbakaraṇapubbakiccaṃ katvā nisinnena katampi katikavattaṃ saṅghena katasadisameva hoti.

Karontena pana phalavārena kātumpi cattāro māse cha māse ekasaṃvaccharanti evaṃ paricchinditvāpi aparicchinditvāpi kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Paricchinne yathāparicchedaṃ paribhuñjitvā puna kātabbaṃ. Aparicchinne yāva rukkhā dharanti tāva vaṭṭatiyeva. Yepi tesaṃ rukkhānaṃ bījehi aññe rukkhā ropitā honti, tesampi sā eva katikā.

Sace pana aññasmiṃ vihāre ropitā honti, tesaṃ yattha ropitā, tasmiṃyeva vihāre saṅgho sāmī. Yepi aññato bījāni āharitvā purimavihāre pacchā ropitā, tesu aññā katikā kātabbā. Katikāya katāya puggalikaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhanti, yathāsukhaṃ phalādīni paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace panettha taṃ taṃ okāsaṃ parikkhipitvā pariveṇāni katvā jagganti, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ puggalikaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhanti. Aññe paribhuñjituṃ na labhanti, tehi pana saṅghassa dasabhāgaṃ datvā paribhuñjitabbāni. Yopi majjhevihāre rukkhaṃ sākhāhi parivāretvā rakkhati, tassāpi eseva nayo.

Porāṇavihāraṃ gatassa sambhāvanīyabhikkhuno 『『thero āgato』』ti phalāphalaṃ āharanti, sace tattha mūle sabbapariyattidharo bahussutabhikkhu vihāsi, 『『addhā ettha dīghā katikā katā bhavissatī』』ti nikkukkuccena paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Vihāre phalāphalaṃ piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati, dhutaṅgaṃ na kopeti. Sāmaṇerā attano ācariyupajjhāyānaṃ bahūni phalāni denti, aññe bhikkhū alabhantā khiyyanti, khiyyanamattameva cetaṃ hoti.

Sace pana dubbhikkhaṃ hoti, ekaṃ panasarukkhaṃ nissāya saṭṭhipi janā jīvanti, tādise kāle sabbesaṃ saṅgahakaraṇatthāya bhājetvā khāditabbaṃ, ayaṃ sāmīci. Yāva pana katikavattaṃ na paṭippassambhati, tāva tehi khāyitaṃ sukhāyitameva. Kadā pana katikavattaṃ paṭippassambhati? Yadā samaggo saṅgho sannipatitvā 『『ito paṭṭhāya bhājetvā khādantū』』ti sāveti. Ekabhikkhuke pana vihāre ekena sāvitepi purimakatikā paṭippassambhatiyeva. Sace paṭippassaddhāya katikāya sāmaṇerā neva rukkhato pātenti, na bhūmito gahetvā bhikkhūnaṃ denti, patitaphalāni pādehi paharantā vicaranti, tesaṃ dasabhāgato paṭṭhāya yāva upaḍḍhaphalabhāgena phātikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Addhā phātikammalobhena āharitvā dassanti. Puna subhikkhe jāte kappiyakārakesu āgantvā sākhāparivārādīni katvā rukkhe rakkhantesu sāmaṇerānaṃ phātikammaṃ na dātabbaṃ, bhājetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ.

應該這樣進行,由精通的比丘在僧團中獲得同意后宣告: "尊者,在這座寺院內部界限範圍內,屬於僧團的根、葉、芽、花、果、可食用物等,是否同意讓前來的比丘們按照自己的意願使用?"應該詢問三次。 由四或五位比丘所做的,即為善巧所做。在一座寺院中有兩三人居住的,他們坐下後所做的,與僧團所做的無異。在某座寺院只有一位比丘的情況下,該比丘在布薩日完成預備工作後坐下所做的,也與僧團所做的無異。 進行果實分配時,可以定為四個月、六個月或一年,可以有限制或無限制地進行。在有限制的情況下,按照限制使用后需重新進行。在無限制的情況下,只要樹木存在就可以繼續。即使從這些樹木的種子種植出其他樹木,其規定也是相同的。 如果在另一座寺院種植,那麼種植地的寺院是主人。如果從其他地方帶來種子,在原寺院後來種植的,需要另外製定規定。制定規定后,處於個人所有的地方,可以自由享用果實等。如果在此地劃定區域,建造廂房並管理,那些比丘處於個人所有的地方。其他人無法使用,但需向僧團上繳十分之一後方可使用。在寺院中用樹枝圍繞保護樹木的,處理方式也是如此。 對於來到古老寺院的值得尊敬的比丘,人們會說"長老已到"並帶來果實。如果那裡有精通全部教法的博學比丘,應該毫無顧慮地使用,因為"這裡肯定製定了長期規定"。寺院中的果實對持缽比丘也是允許的,不會破壞頭陀支。沙彌們給自己的阿阇梨和和尚很多果實,其他比丘無法獲得而感到沮喪,這只是一種微不足道的情況。 如果遇到饑荒,依靠一棵樹,六十人都能維生,在這種時候,爲了照顧所有人,應該分配食用,這是正確的。在規定未被解除之前,他們食用是合法的。何時規定被解除?當和合的僧團集會並宣告"從現在開始分配食用"時。即使在只有一位比丘的寺院,由一人宣告,原有規定也會被解除。 如果規定被解除后,沙彌既不從樹上摘取,也不從地上撿取給比丘,而是用腳踢落在地的果實,從十分之一開始,直到一半果實的部分,都應進行分配。他們確實會因為分配的貪慾而帶來果實。當再次豐收,並且善巧者到來,用樹枝圍繞等方式保護樹木時,不應給沙彌分配,而應該分配后使用。

『『Vihāre phalāphalaṃ atthī』』ti sāmantagāmehi manussā gilānānaṃ vā gabbhinīnaṃ vā atthāya āgantvā 『『ekaṃ nāḷikeraṃ detha, ambaṃ detha, labujaṃ dethā』』ti yācanti, dātabbaṃ na dātabbanti? Dātabbaṃ. Adīyamāne hi te domanassikā honti, dentena pana saṅghaṃ sannipātetvā yāvatatiyaṃ sāvetvā apalokanakammaṃ katvāva dātabbaṃ, katikavattaṃ vā katvā ṭhapetabbaṃ, evañca pana kātabbaṃ, byattena bhikkhunā saṅghassa anumatiyā sāvetabbaṃ –

『『Sāmantagāmehi manussā āgantvā gilānādīnaṃ atthāya phalāphalaṃ yācanti, dve nāḷikerāni, dve tālaphalāni, dve panasāni, pañca ambāni, pañca kadaliphalāni gaṇhantānaṃ anivāraṇaṃ, asukarukkhato ca asukarukkhato ca phalaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ anivāraṇaṃ ruccati bhikkhusaṅghassā』』ti tikkhattuṃ vattabbaṃ.

Tato paṭṭhāya gilānādīnaṃ nāmaṃ gahetvā yācantā 『『gaṇhathā』』ti na vattabbā, vattaṃ pana ācikkhitabbaṃ – 『『nāḷikerādīni iminā nāma paricchedena gaṇhantānaṃ asukarukkhato ca asukarukkhato ca phalaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ anivāraṇaṃ kata』』nti. Anuvicaritvā pana 『『ayaṃ madhuraphalo ambo, ito gaṇhathā』』tipi na vattabbā. Phalabhājanakāle pana āgatānaṃ sammatena upaḍḍhabhāgo dātabbo, asammatena apaloketvā dātabbaṃ.

Khīṇaparibbayo vā maggagamiyasatthavāho vā añño vā issaro āgantvā yācati, apaloketvāva dātabbaṃ. Balakkārena gahetvā khādanto na vāretabbo. Kuddho hi so rukkhepi chindeyya, aññampi anatthaṃ kareyya. Puggalikapariveṇaṃ āgantvā gilānassa gāmena yācanto 『『amhehi chāyādīnaṃ atthāya ropitaṃ, sace atthi, tumhe jānāthā』』ti vattabbo. Yadi pana phalabharitāva rukkhā honti, kaṇṭake bandhitvā phalavārena khādanti, apaccāsīsantena hutvā dātabbaṃ. Balakkārena gaṇhanto na vāretabbo, pubbe vuttamevettha kāraṇaṃ.

Saṅghassa phalārāmo hoti, paṭijagganaṃ na labhati, sace taṃ koci vattasīsena jaggati, saṅghasseva hoti. Athāpi kassaci paṭibalassa bhikkhuno 『『imaṃ sappurisa jaggitvā dehī』』ti saṅgho bhāraṃ karoti, so ce vattasīsena jaggati, evampi saṅghasseva hoti. Phātikammaṃ paccāsīsantassa pana tatiyabhāgena vā upaḍḍhabhāgena vā phātikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. 『『Bhāriyaṃ kamma』』nti vatvā ettakena anicchanto pana sabbaṃ taveva santakaṃ katvā 『『mūlabhāgaṃ dasabhāgamattaṃ datvā jaggāhī』』tipi vattabbo. Garubhaṇḍattā pana mūlacchejjavasena na dātabbaṃ. So mūlabhāgaṃ datvā khādanto akatāvāsaṃ vā katvā katāvāsaṃ vā jaggitvā nissitakānaṃ ārāmaṃ niyyādeti, tehipi mūlabhāgo dātabbova. Yadā pana bhikkhū sayaṃ jaggituṃ pahonti, atha tesaṃ jaggituñca na dātabbaṃ, jaggitakāle ca na vāretabbā, jagganakāleyeva vāretabbā. 『『Bahuṃ tumhehi khāyitaṃ, idāni mā jaggittha, bhikkhusaṅghoyeva jaggissatī』』ti vattabbaṃ.

Sace pana neva vattasīsena jagganto atthi, na phātikammena, na saṅgho jaggituṃ pahoti, eko anāpucchitvāva jaggitvā phātikammaṃ vaḍḍhetvā paccāsīsati, apalokanakammena phātikammaṃ vaḍḍhetvā dātabbaṃ. Iti imaṃ sabbampi kammalakkhaṇameva hoti. Apalokanakammaṃ imāni pañca ṭhānāni gacchati.

「寺院中有果實」時,來自村莊的人們爲了生病者或懷孕者的利益而前來請求:「請給我們一個椰子,給我們一個芒果,給我們一些香蕉。」應該給予還是不應該給予?應該給予。因為如果不給予,他們會感到痛苦,而給予后,經過精通的比丘在僧團中獲得同意后,應該宣佈三次: 「來自村莊的人們前來請求生病者等的果實,兩個椰子,兩個棕櫚果,兩個香蕉,五個芒果,五個香蕉,給予他們無障礙的權利,允許他們從難以獲取的樹上採摘果實,僧團同意嗎?」應詢問三次。 從此開始,生病者的名字被提到請求時,不應說「請採摘」,但應說明:「通過這個界限,允許從椰子等樹上採摘果實,允許從難以獲取的樹上採摘果實。」在請求時不應說:「這是一種甜美的芒果,請採摘。」在果實分配時,前來的人應根據同意的部分進行分配,未同意的部分應經過無視行為進行分配。 如果有病人或其他有權利的人前來請求,應經過無視行為進行分配。用力採摘時不應被阻止。因為他憤怒時可能會砍樹,或造成其他損害。來自個人所有的地方請求生病者的果實時,應說:「我們種植的樹木是爲了陰涼等,如果有,請告知我們。」如果樹木上結滿果實,用刺紮住採摘的果實,應在未被砍伐的情況下進行分配。用力採摘時不應被阻止,之前所說的原因在此。 僧團應享受果實,若不被照顧,若有人以某種方式照顧,應歸於僧團。如果某位強壯的比丘請求:「請給我這個好人」,那麼僧團應承擔責任。如果他以某種方式照顧,仍然歸於僧團。若有未被照顧的部分,按三分之一或一半的比例進行分配。若說「這是沉重的工作」,則應說「請將所有的部分都交給我,根的部分應給十分之一。」由於重負的原因,不應給予根的部分。他在給予根的部分后,若未完成,或完成後應交給他,根的部分仍應給予。當比丘們願意自己照顧時,不應給予他們照顧,照顧時不應被阻止,照顧時應被阻止。「你們已經吃了很多,現在不應照顧,僧團應照顧。」應如此說。 如果沒有人以某種方式照顧,既沒有果實,僧團也不願意照顧,而某人未經詢問就照顧並增加果實,應通過無視行為增加分配。這樣所有的行為特徵都應如此。無視行為應適用於這五個地方。

Ñattikammaṭṭhānabhede pana 『『suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, itthannāmo itthannāmassa āyasmato upasampadāpekkho, anusiṭṭho so mayā. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo āgaccheyyāti, āgacchāhīti vattabbo』』ti evaṃ upasampadāpekkhassa osāraṇā osāraṇā nāma.

『『Suṇantu me āyasmantā, ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu dhammakathiko imassa neva suttaṃ āgacchati, no suttavibhaṅgo, so atthaṃ asallakkhetvā byañjanacchāyāya atthaṃ paṭibāhati. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā avasesā imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasameyyāmā』』ti evaṃ ubbāhikāvinicchaye dhammakathikassa bhikkhuno nissāraṇā nissāraṇā nāma.

『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ajjuposatho pannaraso. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho uposathaṃ kareyyā』』ti evaṃ uposathakammavasena ṭhapitā ñatti uposatho nāma.

『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ajja pavāraṇā pannarasī. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho pavāreyyā』』ti evaṃ pavāraṇākammavasena ṭhapitā ñatti pavāraṇā nāma.

『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, itthannāmo itthannāmassa āyasmato upasampadāpekkho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmaṃ anusāseyya』』nti. 『『Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo itthannāmaṃ anusāseyyā』』ti. 『『Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmaṃ antarāyike dhamme puccheyya』』nti. 『『Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo itthannāmaṃ antarāyike dhamme puccheyyā』』ti. 『『Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmaṃ vinayaṃ puccheyya』』nti. 『『Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo itthannāmaṃ vinayaṃ puccheyyā』』ti. 『『Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmena vinayaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyya』』nti. 『『Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo itthannāmena vinayaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyyā』』ti evaṃ attānaṃ vā paraṃ vā sammannituṃ ṭhapitā ñatti sammuti nāma.

『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, idaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyaṃ saṅghassa nissaṭṭhaṃ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho imaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyā』』ti. 『『Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, āyasmantā imaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyu』』nti evaṃ nissaṭṭhacīvarapattādīnaṃ dānaṃ dānaṃ nāma.

『『Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu āpattiṃ sarati, vivarati, uttāniṃ karoti, deseti. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno āpattiṃ paṭiggaṇheyyanti. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno āpattiṃ paṭiggaṇheyya』』nti. Tena vattabbo 『『passasī』』ti. 『『Āma passāmī』』ti. Āyatiṃ saṃvareyyāsīti evaṃ āpattipaṭiggaho paṭiggaho nāma.

『『Suṇantu me, āyasmantā āvāsikā. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, idāni uposathaṃ kareyyāma, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyāma, āgame kāḷe pavāreyyāmā』』ti. Te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā taṃ kāḷaṃ anuvaseyyuṃ, āvāsikena bhikkhunā byattena paṭibalena āvāsikā bhikkhū ñāpetabbā – 『『suṇantu me, āyasmantā āvāsikā. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, idāni uposathaṃ kareyyāma, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyāma, āgame juṇhe pavāreyyāmā』』ti evaṃ katā pavāraṇāpaccukkaḍḍhanā paccukkaḍḍhanā nāma.

在不同的提案行動位置中,對於受具足戒者的引入,應這樣說:"請諸位尊者聽,某某是某某尊者的具足戒候選人,已經得到我的指導。如果僧團認為合適,某某可以前來。"這被稱為引入。 "請諸位尊者聽,這位某某比丘是法師,他不理解經文,也不理解經文註釋,他歪曲了意義,只關注文字表面。如果諸位尊者認為合適,請驅逐這位某某比丘,剩餘的人可以平息這個爭端。"這被稱為法師比丘的驅逐。 "請諸位尊者聽,今天是十五日布薩日。如果僧團認為合適,僧團可以舉行布薩。"這是根據布薩儀式行動而設定的提案,稱為布薩。 "請諸位尊者聽,今天是十五日布薩日。如果僧團認為合適,僧團可以舉行布薩。"這是根據布薩儀式行動而設定的提案,稱為布薩。 "請諸位尊者聽,某某是某某尊者的具足戒候選人。如果僧團認為合適,我可以指導他。"或"如果僧團認為合適,某某可以指導他。""如果僧團認為合適,我可以詢問他關於障礙的法。"或"如果僧團認為合適,某某可以詢問他關於障礙的法。""如果僧團認為合適,我可以詢問他關於戒律。"或"如果僧團認為合適,某某可以詢問他關於戒律。""如果僧團認為合適,我可以回答被問到的戒律問題。"或"如果僧團認為合適,某某可以回答被問到的戒律問題。"這是爲了任命自己或他人而設定的提案,稱為任命。 "請諸位尊者聽,這件僧衣已被某某比丘放棄,歸還給僧團。如果僧團認為合適,可以將這件僧衣給予某某比丘。"這是關於放棄的僧衣、缽等的分配,稱為分配。 "請諸位尊者聽,某某比丘意識到自己的過失,闡明、揭示、公開、懺悔。如果僧團認為合適,我願意接受某某比丘的過失。"對他說:"你看到了嗎?"他回答:"是的,我看到了。"以後要謹慎。這被稱為接受過失。 "請諸位尊者聽,住在此處的比丘們。如果諸位尊者認為合適,現在我們可以舉行布薩,誦讀波提木叉,在適當的季節進行布薩。"如果這些比丘製造爭端、鬥爭、紛爭、謠言,破壞僧團,那麼有經驗的住處比丘應通知其他住處的比丘:"請諸位尊者聽,住在此處的比丘們。如果諸位尊者認為合適,現在我們可以舉行布薩,誦讀波提木叉,在適當的季節進行布薩。"這被稱為撤銷布薩。

Sabbeheva ekajjhaṃ sannipatitabbaṃ, sannipatitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo – 『『suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho amhākaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ viharataṃ bahuṃ assāmaṇakaṃ ajjhāciṇṇaṃ bhāsitaparikkantaṃ. Sace mayaṃ imāhi āpattīhi aññamaññaṃ kāressāma, siyāpi taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ kakkhaḷattāya vāḷattāya bhedāya saṃvatteyya. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ tiṇavatthārakena vūpasameyya ṭhapetvā thullavajjaṃ, ṭhapetvā gihipaṭisayutta』』nti evaṃ tiṇavatthārakasamathena katvā sabbapaṭhamā sabbasaṅgāhikañatti kammalakkhaṇaṃ nāma.

Tathā tato parā ekekasmiṃ pakkhe ekekaṃ katvā dve ñattiyo iti yathāvuttappabhedaṃ osāraṇaṃ nissāraṇaṃ…pe… kammalakkhaṇaññeva navamanti ñattikammaṃ imāni nava ṭhānāni gacchati.

Ñattidutiyakammaṭṭhānabhede pana vaḍḍhassa licchavino pattanikkujjanavasena khandhake vuttā nissāraṇā. Tasseva pattukkujjanavasena vuttā osāraṇā ca veditabbā.

Sīmāsammuti ticīvarena avippavāsasammuti, santhatasammuti, bhattuddesaka-senāsanaggāhāpaka-bhaṇḍāgārika-cīvarapaṭiggāhaka-cīvarabhājaka-yāgubhājakaphalabhājaka-khajjabhājaka-appamattakavissajjaka-sāṭiyaggāhāpaka-pattaggāhāpaka-ārāmikapesakasāmaṇerapesakasammutīti etāsaṃ sammutīnaṃ vasena sammuti veditabbā. Kathinacīvaradānamatakacīvaradānavasena dānaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Kathinuddhāravasena uddhāro veditabbo. Kuṭivatthuvihāravatthudesanāvasena desanā veditabbā. Yā pana tiṇavatthārakasamathe sabbasaṅgāhikañattiñca ekekasmiṃ pakkhe ekekaṃ ñattiñcāti tisso ñattiyo ṭhapetvā puna ekasmiṃ pakkhe ekā, ekasmiṃ pakkhe ekāti dve ñattidutiyakammavācā vuttā, tāsaṃ vasena kammalakkhaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ . Iti ñattidutiyakammaṃ imāni satta ṭhānāni gacchati.

Ñatticatutthakammaṭṭhānabhede pana tajjanīyakammādīnaṃ sattannaṃ kammānaṃ vasena nissāraṇā, tesaṃyeva ca kammānaṃ paṭippassambhanavasena osāraṇā veditabbā. Bhikkhunovādakasammutivasena sammuti veditabbā. Parivāsadānamānattadānavasena dānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Mūlāyapaṭikassanakammavasena niggaho veditabbo. 『『Ukkhittānuvattikā aṭṭha, yāvatatiyakā ariṭṭho caṇḍakāḷī ca ime te yāvatatiyakā』』ti imāsaṃ ekādasannaṃ samanubhāsanānaṃ vasena samanubhāsanā veditabbā. Upasampadākammaabbhānakammavasena pana kammalakkhaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Iti ñatticatutthakammaṃ imāni satta ṭhānāni gacchati.

  1. Iti kammāni ca kammavipattiñca vipattivirahitānaṃ kammānaṃ ṭhānapabhedagamanañca dassetvā idāni tesaṃ kammānaṃ kārakassa saṅghassa paricchedaṃ dassento puna 『『catuvaggakaraṇe kamme』』tiādimāha. Tassattho parisato kammavipattivaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabboti.

Kammavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Atthavasavaggādivaṇṇanā

所有人應一起集會。集會後,由精通的、有能力的比丘通知僧團:"請諸位尊者聽,我們中間存在爭吵、鬥爭、紛爭,已經長期不檢點,言語肆意妄為。如果我們因這些過失而互相懲罰,這個爭端可能會因為剛硬、兇猛而導致分裂。如果僧團認為合適,僧團應該用草覆蓋的方式平息這個爭端,除了嚴重的過失和與俗人相關的事項。"這樣通過草覆蓋的調解方式,首次提出的是全體包容性提案,稱為行為特徵。 按照之前所述,在每一方面逐一進行兩個提案,如引入、驅逐等,這九個位置都適用於提案行為。 在提案第二行動位置,關於瓦德薩·利車維人的缽被翻轉的情況,在律藏中已經提到了驅逐。同樣,關於其缽被翻正的情況,也應理解為引入。 界限確定、三衣不離身確定、坐墊確定、施主指定、住所管理員、倉庫管理員、衣服接受者、衣服分配者、粥分配者、果實分配者、食物分配者、少量分配者、布匹接受者、缽接受者、園丁、紡織工人、沙彌紡織工人的任命,應通過這些任命來理解。應通過迦提那衣佈施和死後衣佈施的方式來理解佈施。 應通過迦提那衣佈施的撤銷來理解撤銷。應通過小屋、寺院場地的說明來理解說明。對於草覆蓋調解中的全體包容性提案和每一方面的一個提案,再加上每一方面的一個提案,這三個提案,再加上一方的一個提案,另一方的一個提案,這兩個提案第二行動的用語已經被提到,應通過這些來理解行為特徵。因此,提案第二行動適用於這七個位置。 在提案第四行動位置,根據呵責等七種行為的驅逐,以及這些行為的解除,應理解驅逐和引入。應通過比丘諫告的任命來理解任命。應通過暫時停止、給予特定處罰的方式來理解佈施。應通過追究根本原因的行為來理解懲罰。根據"被中止者的八種跟隨,阿利吒和旃陀迦利是三次重複者"這十一種申誡,應理解申誡。應通過具足戒儀式和解脫儀式來理解行為特徵。因此,提案第四行動適用於這七個位置。 如此展示了行為及行為缺陷,無缺陷行為的位置變化,現在要展示執行這些行為的僧團範圍,又說:"在四部分行為中"等。其意義應按照集會行為缺陷描述中已經說明的方式來理解。 行為分組描述到此結束。 意義分組等描述開始。

  1. Idāni yāni tāni tesaṃ kammānaṃ vatthubhūtāni sikkhāpadāni, tesaṃ paññattiyaṃ ānisaṃsaṃ dassetuṃ 『『dve atthavase paṭiccā』』tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ verānaṃ saṃvarāyāti pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaverānaṃ saṃvaratthāya pidahanatthāya. Samparāyikānaṃ verānaṃ paṭighātāyāti vipākadukkhasaṅkhātānaṃ samparāyikaverānaṃ paṭighātatthāya, samucchedanatthāya anuppajjanatthāya. Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ vajjānaṃ saṃvarāyāti tesaṃyeva pañcannaṃ verānaṃ saṃvaratthāya. Samparāyikānaṃ vajjānanti tesaṃyeva vipākadukkhānaṃ. Vipākadukkhāneva hi idha vajjanīyabhāvato vajjānīti vuttāni. Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ bhayānanti garahā upavādo tajjanīyādīni kammāni uposathapavāraṇānaṃ ṭhapanaṃ akittipakāsanīyakammanti etāni diṭṭhadhammikabhayāni nāma, etesaṃ saṃvaratthāya. Samparāyikabhayāni pana vipākadukkhāniyeva , tesaṃ paṭighātatthāya. Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ akusalānanti pañcaveradasaakusalakammapathappabhedānaṃ akusalānaṃ saṃvaratthāya. Vipākadukkhāneva pana akkhamaṭṭhena samparāyikaakusalānīti vuccanti, tesaṃ paṭighātatthāya. Gihīnaṃ anukampāyāti agārikānaṃ saddhārakkhaṇavasena anukampanatthāya. Pāpicchānaṃ pakkhupacchedāyāti pāpicchapuggalānaṃ gaṇabandhabhedanatthāya gaṇabhojanasikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānameva. Yañhettha vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ sabbaṃ paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanāyameva vuttanti.

Sikkhāpadesu atthavasena vaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

  1. Pātimokkhādīsu pātimokkhuddesoti bhikkhūnaṃ pañcavidho bhikkhunīnaṃ catubbidho. Parivāsadānādīsu osāraṇīyaṃ paññattanti aṭṭhārasasu vā tecattālīsāya vā vattesu vattamānassa osāraṇīyaṃ paññattaṃ. Yena kammena osārīyati, taṃ kammaṃ paññattanti attho. Nissāraṇīyaṃ paññattanti bhaṇḍanakārakādayo yena kammena nissārīyanti, taṃ kammaṃ paññattanti attho.

  2. Apaññattetiādīsu apaññatte paññattanti sattāpattikkhandhā kakusandhañca sammāsambuddhaṃ koṇāgamanañca kassapañca sammāsambuddhaṃ ṭhapetvā antarā kenaci apaññatte sikkhāpade paññattaṃ nāma. Makkaṭivatthuādivinītakathā sikkhāpade paññatte anupaññattaṃ nāma. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.

Ānisaṃsavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

現在爲了展示這些行為的根本戒條及其制定的利益,開始敘述"爲了兩種利益"等。在此,爲了約束現世的仇恨,即爲了約束和遮蔽殺生等五種現世仇恨。爲了抵制來世的仇恨,即爲了抵制和根除來世的苦報。爲了約束現世的過失,即爲了約束那五種仇恨。爲了約束來世的過失,即那些苦報。因為在此處,由於應被避免,所以稱為過失。現世的恐懼,如責備、誹謗、呵責等行為、阻止布薩和布薩告白、不宣佈名譽等,這些被稱為現世恐懼,爲了約束它們。來世的恐懼則是那些苦報,爲了抵制它們。現世的不善,是爲了約束五仇十不善業道等不善。來世的不善則被稱為苦報,爲了抵制它們。爲了憐憫在家人,即爲了以信仰保護在家者。爲了切斷惡欲者的黨羽,制定了關於團體用餐的戒條。其餘部分在各處都很明顯。在此應該說的,都已在第一波羅夷的描述中說明。 戒條中的意義描述到此結束。 在波提木叉等中,波提木叉誦讀對比丘是五種,對比丘尼是四種。在暫時停止等中,被引入的制定是在十八或四十三種行為中進行的。被引入的行為即為被制定的行為。被驅逐的制定,即制定那些製造爭端等被驅逐的行為。 在"未制定"等中,未制定而制定的,是指在釋迦牟尼佛、拘留孫佛、迦葉佛之間,由任何人未制定的戒條。關於猴子事件等未制定的戒條,稱為附加制定。其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 利益分組描述到此結束。

  1. Idāni sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ ekekena ākārena navadhā saṅgahaṃ dassetuṃ 『『nava saṅgahā』』tiādimāha. Tattha vatthusaṅgahoti vatthunā saṅgaho. Evaṃ sesesupi padattho veditabbo. Ayaṃ panettha atthayojanā – yasmā hi ekasikkhāpadampi avatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ natthi, tasmā sabbāni vatthunā saṅgahitānīti evaṃ tāva vatthusaṅgaho veditabbo.

Yasmā pana dve āpattikkhandhā sīlavipattiyā saṅgahitā, pañcāpattikkhandhā ācāravipattiyā, cha sikkhāpadāni ājīvavipattiyā saṅgahitāni, tasmā sabbānipi vipattiyā saṅgahitānīti evaṃ vipattisaṅgaho veditabbo.

Yasmā pana sattahāpattīhi muttaṃ ekasikkhāpadampi natthi, tasmā sabbāni āpattiyā saṅgahitānīti evaṃ āpattisaṅgaho veditabbo.

Sabbāni ca sattasu nagaresu paññattānīti nidānena saṅgahitānīti evaṃ nidānasaṅgaho veditabbo.

Yasmā pana ekasikkhāpadampi ajjhācārikapuggale asati paññattaṃ natthi, tasmā sabbāni puggalena saṅgahitānīti evaṃ puggalasaṅgaho veditabbo.

Sabbāni pana pañcahi ceva sattahi ca āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitāni, sabbāni na vinā chahi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhantīti samuṭṭhānena saṅgahitāni. Sabbāni ca catūsu adhikaraṇesu āpattādhikaraṇena saṅgahitāni. Sabbāni sattahi samathehi samathaṃ gacchantīti samathehi saṅgahitāni. Evamettha khandhasamuṭṭhānaadhikaraṇasamathasaṅgahāpi veditabbā. Sesaṃ pubbe vuttanayamevāti.

Samantapāsādikāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya

Navasaṅgahitavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Niṭṭhitā ca parivārassa anuttānatthapadavaṇṇanāti.

Nigamanakathā

Ettāvatā ca –

Ubhato vibhaṅgakhandhaka-parivāravibhattidesanaṃ nātho;

Vinayapiṭakaṃ vinento, veneyyaṃ yaṃ jino āha.

Samadhikasattavīsati-sahassamattena tassa ganthena;

Saṃvaṇṇanā samattā, samantapāsādikā nāma.

Tatridaṃ samantapāsādikāya samantapāsādikattasmiṃ –

Ācariyaparamparato, nidānavatthuppabhedadīpanato;

Parasamayavivajjanato, sakasamayavisuddhito ceva.

Byañjanaparisodhanato, padatthato pāḷiyojanakkamato;

Sikkhāpadanicchayato, vibhaṅganayabhedadassanato.

Sampassataṃ na dissati, kiñci apāsādikaṃ yato ettha;

Viññūnamayaṃ tasmā, samantapāsādikātveva.

Saṃvaṇṇanā pavattā, vinayassa vineyyadamanakusalena;

Vuttassa lokanāthena, lokamanukampamānenāti.

Mahāaṭṭhakathañceva , mahāpaccarimevaca;

Kurundiñcāti tissopi, sīhaḷaṭṭhakathā imā.

Buddhamittoti nāmena, vissutassa yasassino;

Vinayaññussa dhīrassa, sutvā therassa santike.

Mahāmeghavanuyyāne, bhūmibhāge patiṭṭhito;

Mahāvihāro yo satthu, mahābodhivibhūsito.

Yaṃ tassa dakkhiṇe bhāge, padhānagharamuttamaṃ;

Sucicārittasīlena, bhikkhusaṅghena sevitaṃ.

Uḷārakulasambhūto , saṅghupaṭṭhāyako sadā;

Anākulāya saddhāya, pasanno ratanattaye.

Mahānigamasāmīti , vissuto tattha kārayi;

Cārupākārasañcitaṃ, yaṃ pāsādaṃ manoramaṃ.

Sītacchāyatarūpetaṃ, sampannasalilāsayaṃ;

Vasatā tatra pāsāde, mahānigamasāmino.

Sucisīlasamācāraṃ, theraṃ buddhasirivhayaṃ;

Yā uddisitvā āraddhā, iddhā vinayavaṇṇanā.

Pālayantassa sakalaṃ, laṅkādīpaṃ nirabbudaṃ;

Rañño sirinivāsassa, siripālayasassino.

Samavīsatime kheme, jayasaṃvacchare ayaṃ;

Āraddhā ekavīsamhi, sampatte pariniṭṭhitā.

現在爲了展示所有戒條的九種彙集,開始敘述「九種彙集」等。在此,物質彙集是指通過物質的彙集。如此,其他的字義也應如此理解。這裡的意義是——因為在任何戒條中都沒有被制定的情況,因此所有的戒條都被物質彙集起來,這樣物質彙集的意義被理解。 因為有兩個過失集,因戒律的喪失而彙集,五個過失集因行為的喪失而彙集,六個戒條因生活的喪失而彙集,因此所有的過失都被彙集,這樣過失彙集的意義被理解。 因為在七個過失中沒有被解脫的單一戒條,因此所有的過失都被彙集,這樣過失彙集的意義被理解。 所有的過失在七個城市中都有被規定,這樣通過因果的彙集被理解。 因為在任何戒條中都沒有被規定的個體,因此所有的個體都被彙集,這樣個體彙集的意義被理解。 所有的過失在五個和七個過失集彙集,所有的過失在六個因素中彙集,所有的過失在四個事項中彙集。所有的過失在七個和解中彙集,所有的過失在調和中彙集。因此,這裡應理解為過失彙集的行為特徵。其餘部分在之前的描述中已經提到。 《周遍光明的戒律》中的描述到此結束。 九種彙集的部分描述結束。 並且關於附屬的無上意義的描述也結束了。 總結部分 至此—— 兩邊的分解章節,附屬的分解說明,都是佛陀的教導; 通過《戒律藏》來引導,教導眾生的都是佛陀所說。 在這部書中,共有三萬七千個字句; 戒律的說明已完成,稱為《周遍光明》。 在這裡,關於《周遍光明》的內容—— 從師承的傳承,到因果的物質分解; 避免他人的過失,保持自己的清凈。 對文字的清晰,字義的準確,語言的流暢; 戒條的決定,分解的不同。 對於觀察者來說,無法看到任何不光明的地方; 因為這是智慧之所,因此稱為《周遍光明》。 戒律的說明已經開始,因善巧而引導眾生; 佛陀所說的,都是爲了眾生的安樂。 關於《大論》和《大後記》; 以及《古蘭經》等等,都是斯里蘭卡的經典。 以「佛的朋友」之名,廣為流傳,聲名顯赫; 對於其他的戒律,明智的長老們,聽聞之後。 在大云的庇護下,安置於土地的部分; 在偉大的寺廟中,裝飾著偉大的菩提樹。 在他的南方,最好的精進之地; 以清凈的行為,受到比丘群的尊重。 在偉大的城市中,聲名顯赫; 美麗的房屋,裝飾華麗,令人嚮往。 陰涼的樹蔭下,水源充足; 在那裡居住的,是偉大的城市中的人。 清凈的品行,良好的行為,長老們,佛陀所尊重; 在這裡所闡述的,都是戒律的說明。 保護整個蘭卡島,寧靜而美好; 為國王施理,保護國王的安寧。 在這二十個地方,勝利的年份中; 在這一個地方開始,最終完成。

Upaddavā kule loke, nirupaddavato ayaṃ;

Ekasaṃvacchareneva, yathā niṭṭhaṃ upāgatā.

Evaṃ sabbassa lokassa, niṭṭhaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitā;

Sīghaṃ gacchantu ārambhā, sabbepi nirupaddavā.

Ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ dhammassa, karontena mayā imaṃ;

Saddhammabahumānena, yañca puññaṃ samācitaṃ.

Sabbassa ānubhāvena, tassa sabbepi pāṇino;

Bhavantu dhammarājassa, saddhammarasasevino.

Ciraṃ tiṭṭhatu saddhammo, kāle vassaṃ ciraṃ pajaṃ;

Tappetu devo dhammena, rājā rakkhatu medininti.

Paramavisuddhasaddhābuddhivīriyapaṭimaṇḍitena sīlācārajjavamaddavādiguṇasamudayasamuditena sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhaṇasamatthena paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatena tipiṭakapariyattippabhede sāṭṭhakathe satthusāsane appaṭihataññāṇappabhāvena mahāveyyākaraṇena karaṇasampattijanitasukhaviniggatamadhurodāravacanalāvaṇṇayuttena yuttamuttavādinā vādivarena mahākavinā pabhinnapaasambhidāparivāre chaḷabhiññādipabhedaguṇapaṭimaṇḍite uttarimanussadhamme suppatiṭṭhitabuddhīnaṃ theravaṃsappadīpānaṃ therānaṃ mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vaṃsālaṅkārabhūtena vipulavisuddhabuddhinā buddhaghosoti garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therena katā ayaṃ samantapāsādikā nāma vinayasaṃvaṇṇanā –

Tāva tiṭṭhatu lokasmiṃ, lokanittharaṇesinaṃ;

Dassentī kulaputtānaṃ, nayaṃ sīlavisuddhiyā.

Yāva buddhoti nāmampi, suddhacittassa tādino;

Lokamhi lokajeṭṭhassa, pavattati mahesinoti.

Samantapāsādikā nāma

Vinaya-aṭṭhakathā niṭṭhitā.

在世間的家族中,毫無煩惱的這一點; 僅憑一年,就如同達到了終點。 如是,所有世間的,已達到法的歸宿; 愿所有人都迅速行動,皆無煩惱。 爲了長久安住於法,所做的這一切; 以信仰的重視,和所積累的功德。 因所有的因緣,愿所有生靈; 都成為法王的,善於享受正法的。 愿正法長久存在,時常降福眾生; 愿天神以法護佑,國王保衛國土。 以極其清凈的信仰、智慧、精進所裝飾的,具備戒律、行為、正直、柔和等諸多美德,善於把握各自的時機,具備智慧的能力,通達三藏的不同內容,以精妙的言辭,具備深邃的智慧,所說的法,帶來快樂的結果,具有優雅的語言。 以此偉大的詩句,所描述的正法,正是由著名的長老佛陀所傳授的,名為《周遍光明》的戒律解釋。 愿它在世間長存,為拯救世人; 向家族的子弟們,展示這條清凈的道路。 只要稱為佛,便是清凈心的體現; 在世間中,成為世間的首領,展現偉大的身影。 《周遍光明》乃是 戒律的註釋已完成。