B020104Cūḷavagga-aṭṭhakathā(《小篇註釋》)c3.5s
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
Vinayapiṭake
Cūḷavagga-aṭṭhakathā
- Kammakkhandhakaṃ
Tajjanīyakammakathā
- Cūḷavaggassa paṭhame kammakkhandhake tāva paṇḍukalohitakāti paṇḍuko ceva lohitako cāti chabbaggiyesu dve janā; tesaṃ nissitakāpi paṇḍukalohitakātveva paññāyanti. Balavābalavaṃ paṭimantethāti suṭṭhubalavaṃ paṭivadatha. Alamatthatarāti samatthatarā.
Tajjanīyakammakathā niṭṭhitā.
Adhammakammadvādasakakathā
4.Asammukhākatantiādīsu saṅghadhammavinayapuggalasammukhānaṃ vinā kataṃ, cuditakaṃ appaṭipucchitvā kataṃ, tasseva appaṭiññāya kataṃ. Adesanāgāminiyāti pārājikāpattiyā vā saṅghādisesāpattiyā vā. Ettha purimakesu tīsu tikesu nava padā adhammenakataṃ vaggenakatanti imehi saddhiṃ ekekaṃ gahetvā nava tikā vuttā. Evaṃ sabbepi dvādasa tikā honti. Paṭipakkhavasena sukkapakkhesupi eteyeva dvādasa tikā vuttā.
6.Ananulomikehigihisaṃsaggehīti pabbajitānaṃ ananucchavikehi sahasokitādīhi gihisaṃsaggehi.
Tiṇṇaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnantiādi ekekenāpi aṅgena tajjanīyakammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tajjanīyassa hi visesena bhaṇḍanakārakattaṃ aṅgaṃ, niyassassa abhiṇhāpattikattaṃ, pabbājanīyassa kuladūsakattaṃ vuttaṃ. Imesu pana tīsu aṅgesu yena kenaci sabbānipi kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Yadi evaṃ yaṃ campeyyakkhandhake vuttaṃ – 『『tajjanīyakammārahassa niyassakammaṃ karoti…pe… upasampadārahaṃ abbheti; evaṃ kho upāli adhammakammaṃ hoti avinayakammaṃ, evañca pana saṅgho sātisāro hotī』』ti idaṃ virujjhatīti. Idañca na virujjhati. Kasmā? Vacanatthanānattato, 『『tajjanīyakammārahassā』』ti imassa hi vacanassa kammasanniṭṭhānaṃ attho. 『『Tiṇṇaṃ, bhikkhave』』tiādivacanassa aṅgasambhavo, tasmā yadā saṅghena sannipatitvā 『『idaṃ nāma imassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ karomā』』ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti, tadā kammāraho nāma hoti. Tassa iminā lakkhaṇena tajjanīyādikammārahassa niyassakammādikaraṇaṃ adhammakammañceva avinayakammañcāti veditabbaṃ. Yassa pana bhaṇḍanakārakādīsu aṅgesu aññataraṃ aṅgaṃ atthi, tassa ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho yathānuññātesu aṅgesu ca kammesu ca yena kenaci aṅgena yaṃkiñci kammaṃ vavatthapetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ kammārahaṃ katvā kammaṃ kareyya. Ayamettha vinicchayo. Evaṃ pubbenāparaṃ sameti.
Tattha kiñcāpi tajjanīyakamme bhaṇḍanakārakavasena kammavācā vuttā, atha kho bālassa abyattassa āpattibahulassa tajjanīyakammaṃ karontena bālaabyattavaseneva kammavācā kātabbā . Evañhi bhūtena vatthunā kataṃ kammaṃ hoti, na ca aññassa kammassa vatthunā. Kasmā? Yasmā idampi anuññātanti. Esa nayo sabbattha. Aṭṭhārasa sammāvattanavatthūni pārivāsikakkhandhake vaṇṇayissāma.
Adhammakammadvādasakakathā niṭṭhitā.
Nappaṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakādikathā
8.Lomaṃpātentīti pannalomā honti; bhikkhū anuvattantīti attho. Netthāraṃ vattantīti nittharantānaṃ etanti netthāraṃ; yena sakkā nissāraṇā nittharituṃ, taṃ aṭṭhārasavidhaṃ sammāvattanaṃ vattantīti attho. Kittakaṃ kālaṃ vattaṃ pūretabbanti? Dasa vā pañca vā divasāni. Imasmiñhi kammakkhandhake ettakena vattaṃ pūritameva hoti.
Nappaṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Niyassakammakathā
以下是完整的簡體中文翻譯: 頂禮那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者 律藏 中分別註釋 1. 業分別章 呵責業說 在中分別的第一業分別章中,首先有"斑駁血色",即斑駁者和血色者,在六群比丘中有兩個人;依附他們的人也被認為是斑駁血色者。"請仔細思考強弱"意為請充分地反駁。"足夠了"意為已經足夠。 呵責業說完畢。 非法業十二種說 在"非眾前所作"等情況中,未經僧團、法、律、個人在場而作,未詢問被指控者而作,未經被指控者承認而作。"非宣說可去"是指波羅夷罪或僧殘罪。在前面三種情況中有九個段落是非法所作,由集團所作,每種情況取一個,共有九種三聯。這樣總共有十二種三聯。在晴朗一面,這十二種三聯也同樣適用。 "與非應和俗人交往"是指出家人與不相稱的俗人交往,如與親密者等。 "諸比丘啊"等語句是爲了表明即使僅憑一個條件也可以實施呵責業。呵責業特別強調製造紛爭、被呵責業、驅逐業分別以製造紛爭、屢犯過失、敗壞家族為特徵。在這三個條件中,可以用任何一個來實施。如果是這樣,那麼在詹比耶章中所說的"對於應受呵責業者施以呵責業……驅逐應受具足戒者",烏帕離,這是非法業、非律業;僧團也因此而有過失"——這是矛盾的。但這並不矛盾。為什麼?因為語義不同。"應受呵責業"一語的意義在於業的確定。"諸比丘啊"等語句在於條件的成立,所以當僧團集會並確定"我們要對這位比丘施以某種業"時,才算是應受業。根據這一特徵,可知對應受呵責業者施以呵責業等是非法業、非律業。對於具有製造紛爭等條件之一的人,僧團可以根據允許的條件和業,確定任何條件和業,使該比丘成為應受業並執行。這就是此處的判斷。這樣前後就能統一。 在這裡,雖然呵責業的業語是based on製造紛爭,但對愚鈍、無知、屢犯過失者施以呵責業時,應該根據愚鈍、無知來宣讀業語。這樣才是基於真實情況的業,而不是based on其他業的情況。為什麼?因為這也是允許的。這一原則適用於所有情況。十八種正確轉向的情況將在隨從分別章中描述。 非法業十二種說完畢。 不應解除的十八種等說 "脫落毛髮"意為毛髮脫落;比丘隨從。"進行解脫"意為為解脫者提供;即通過十八種正確轉向可以解脫。應該履行多長時間的行?十天或五天。在這個業分別章中,就是這麼多天履行了行。 不應解除的十八種等說完畢。 呵責業說
- Seyyasakavatthusmiṃ – apissu bhikkhū pakatāti apissu bhikkhū niccaṃ byāvaṭā honti. Sesaṃ tajjanīye vuttasadisameva.
Niyassakammakathā niṭṭhitā.
Pabbājanīyakammakathā
- Assajipunabbasukavatthu saṅghādisesavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttaṃ.
27.Kāyikena davenātiādīsu panettha kāyiko davo nāma kāyakīḷā vuccati. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Kāyiko anācāro nāma kāyadvāre paññattasikkhāpadavītikkamo vuccati . Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Kāyikaṃ upaghātikaṃ nāma kāyadvāre paññattasikkhāpadassa asikkhanabhāvena upahananaṃ vuccati; nāsanaṃ vināsananti attho. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Kāyiko micchājīvo nāma paṭikkhittavejjakammādivasena telapacanaariṭṭhapacanādīni. Vācasiko micchājīvo nāma gihīnaṃ sāsanasampaṭicchanārocanādīni. Kāyikavācasiko nāma tadubhayaṃ. Sesaṃ tajjanīye vuttanayameva.
Pabbājanīyakammakathā niṭṭhitā.
Paṭisāraṇīyakammakathā
- Sudhammavatthusmiṃ pana – anapaloketvāti na āpucchitvā. Etadavocāti kiṃ te gahapati therānaṃ paṭiyattanti sabbaṃ vivarāpetvā disvā etaṃ avoca. Ekā ca kho idha natthi yadidaṃ tilasaṃguḷikāti yā ayaṃ tilasakkhalikā nāma vuccati, sā natthīti attho. Tassa kira gahapatino vaṃse ādimhi eko pūviyo ahosi. Tena naṃ thero jātiyā khuṃsetukāmo evamāha. Yadeva kiñcīti evaṃ bahuṃ buddhavacanaṃ ratanaṃ pahāya kiñcideva tilasaṃguḷikāvacanaṃ bhāsitaṃ. Kukkuṭapotakaudāharaṇena idaṃ dasseti 『『yathā so neva kākavassitaṃ na kukkuṭavassitaṃ akāsi, evaṃ tayāpi neva bhikkhuvacanaṃ na gihivacanaṃ vutta』』nti.
Paṭisāraṇīyakammakathā niṭṭhitā.
Adhammakammādidvādasakakathā
37.Asammukhā katantiādayo tikā vuttappakārā eva.
- Aṅgasamannāgamo purimehi asadiso. Tattha yathā lābhaṃ na labhanti; evaṃ parisakkanto parakkamanto alābhāya parisakkati nāma. Esa nayo anatthādīsu. Tattha anatthoti atthabhaṅgo. Anāvāsoti tasmiṃ ṭhāne avasanaṃ. Gihīnaṃ buddhassa avaṇṇanti gihīnaṃ santike buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Dhammikaṃ paṭissavaṃ na saccāpetīti yathā sacco hoti, evaṃ na karoti; vassāvāsaṃ paṭissuṇitvā na gacchati, aññaṃ vā evarūpaṃ karoti. Pañcannaṃ bhikkhavetiādi ekaṅgenapi kammārahabhāvadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Sesamettha uttānatthañceva, tajjanīye ca vuttanayameva.
Adhammakammādidvādasakakathā niṭṭhitā.
Āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammakathā
- Channavatthusmiṃ – āvāsaparamparañca bhikkhave saṃsathāti sabbāvāsesu ārocetha.
50.Bhaṇḍanakārakotiādīsu bhaṇḍanādipaccayā āpannaṃ āpattiṃ ropetvā tassā adassaneyeva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Tikā vuttappakārā eva.
- Sammāvattanāyaṃ panettha tecattālīsa vattāni. Tattha na anuddhaṃsetabboti na codetabbo. Na bhikkhu bhikkhūhīti añño bhikkhu aññehi bhikkhūhi na bhinditabbo. Na gihiddhajoti odātavatthāni acchinnadasapupphadasāni ca na dhāretabbāni. Na titthiyaddhajoti kusacīrādīni na dhāretabbāni. Na āsādetabboti na apasādetabbo. Anto vā bahi vāti vihārassa anto vā bahi vā. Na titthiyādipadattayaṃ uttānameva . Sesaṃ sabbaṃ pārivāsikakkhandhake vaṇṇayissāma. Sesaṃ tajjanīye vuttanayameva. Āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhepanīyakammaṃ iminā sadisameva.
以下是完整的簡體中文翻譯: 11. 在最佳事件中——確實比丘們習慣性地,意即比丘們經常活躍。其餘部分與呵責業中所說相同。 呵責業說完畢。 驅逐業說 21. 阿沙阿舊布蘇卡事件在僧殘品註釋中已經說明。 27. 在"身體行為"等情況中,身體行為即身體遊戲。其餘兩個段落也是同樣的道理。身體不當行為即違反身門中制定的學處。另外兩個也是同樣的道理。身體傷害即在身門中因不學習制定的學處而造成破壞;意即毀壞、消滅。另外兩個也是同樣的道理。身體邪命即被禁止的醫療工作等,如煉油、煉果等。語言邪命即對俗人傳遞資訊等。身語邪命即前兩者兼有。其餘部分與呵責業中所說的方法相同。 驅逐業說完畢。 和解業說 33. 在善法事件中——未經允許,即未請示。他說了這個,是什麼意思?長老們準備好了嗎?完全闡明后觀察,然後說了這個。這裡確實沒有芝麻丸,意即所謂的芝麻丸不存在。據說這位居士家族最初有一個麵包師。長老因此想要羞辱他的出身而這樣說。無論是什麼,即拋棄了大量佛陀的珍寶言語,只說了一個芝麻丸的話語。通過小公雞的例子來說明:"就像他既沒有做烏鴉的雨,也沒有做公雞的雨,你也既沒有說比丘的話,也沒有說俗人的話"。 和解業說完畢。 非法業等十二種說 37. "非眾前所作"等三聯與之前所說的方式相同。 39. 條件的聚集與之前不同。在那裡,如何不獲得利益;如此努力、奮鬥是爲了不獲得利益。在不利等情況下也是同樣的道理。在那裡,不利即利益的破壞。不居住即不在那個地方居住。在俗人面前誹謗佛陀,即在俗人面前誹謗佛陀。不如實履行正當承諾,即不像真實的那樣做;接受雨季居住后不離開,或做類似的事情。"諸比丘啊,五個"等語是爲了顯示即使僅憑一個條件也可以成為應受業。其餘部分在此處顯而易見,與呵責業中所說的方法相同。 非法業等十二種說完畢。 因未顯示過失而中止業說 46. 在遮蔽事件中——"諸比丘啊,在住處傳播",即在所有住處宣告。 50. 在"製造紛爭"等情況中,因製造紛爭等原因而犯的過失已經治癒,但仍應在未顯示的情況下執行業。三聯與之前所說的方式相同。 51. 在正確轉向中,這裡有四十三種行為。在那裡,不應責備,即不應指責。比丘不應被比丘分裂,即一個比丘不應被其他比丘分裂。不應持俗人旗幟,即不應穿白色衣服和十色花衣。不應持外道旗幟,即不應穿草衣等。不應輕蔑,即不應貶低。在內部或外部,即在精舍內部或外部。后三個外道等詞語已經很明顯。其餘部分我們將在隨從分別章中詳細描述。其餘部分與呵責業中所說的方法相同。因未悔過而中止業與此相同。
- Ariṭṭhavatthu khuddakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttaṃ. 『『Bhaṇḍanakārako』』tiādīsu yaṃ diṭṭhiṃ nissāya bhaṇḍanādīni karoti, tassā appaṭinissaggeyeva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tajjanīye vuttanayameva. Sammāvattanāyampi hi idha tecattālīsaṃyeva vattānīti.
Āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammakathā niṭṭhitā.
Kammakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Pārivāsikakkhandhakaṃ
Pārivāsikavattakathā
阿利特事件在小品註釋中已經說明。「製造紛爭者」等等,依賴於某種見解而製造紛爭等,必須在不放棄的情況下執行。其餘部分與呵責業中所說相同。爲了正確轉向,這裡仍然有四十三種行為。 因未顯示過失而中止業說完畢。 業分別章註釋完畢。 2. 隨從分別章 隨從行為說
- Pārivāsikakkhandhake – pārivāsikāti parivāsaṃ parivasantā. Tattha catubbidho parivāso – appaṭicchannaparivāso, paṭicchannaparivāso, suddhantaparivāso, samodhānaparivāsoti. Tesu 『『yo, bhikkhave, aññopi aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, tassa cattāro māse parivāso dātabbo』』ti (mahāva. 86) evaṃ mahākhandhake vutto titthiyaparivāso appaṭicchannaparivāso nāma. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ taṃ vuttameva. Ayaṃ pana idha anadhippeto. Sesā tayo yena saṅghādisesāpatti āpannā ceva hoti paṭicchāditā ca, tassa dātabbā. Tesu yaṃ vattabbaṃ taṃ samuccayakkhandhake vakkhāma. Ete pana idha adhippetā. Tasmā etesu yaṃkiñci parivāsaṃ parivasantā 『『pārivāsikā』』ti veditabbā.
Pakatattānaṃ bhikkhūnanti ṭhapetvā navakataraṃ pārivāsikaṃ avasesānaṃ antamaso mūlāyapaṭikassanārahādīnampi. Abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānanti yaṃ te abhivādanādiṃ karonti, taṃ sādiyanti, sampaṭicchanti; na paṭikkhipantīti attho. Tattha sāmīcikammanti ṭhapetvā abhivādanādīni aññassa anucchavikassa bījanavātadānādino ābhisamācārikassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Āsanābhihāranti āsanassa abhiharaṇaṃ, āsanaṃ gahetvā abhigamanaṃ paññāpanameva vā. Seyyābhihārepi eseva nayo. Pādodakanti pādadhovanaudakaṃ. Pādapīṭhanti dhotapādaṭṭhapanakaṃ. Pādakathalikanti adhotapādaṭṭhapanakaṃ pādaghaṃsanaṃ vā. Āpatti dukkaṭassāti saddhivihārikānampi sādiyantassa dukkaṭameva, tasmā te vattabbā – 『『ahaṃ vinayakammaṃ karomi, mayhaṃ vattaṃ mā karotha, mā maṃ gāmappavesanaṃ āpucchathā』』ti. Sace saddhāpabbajitā kulaputtā 『『tumhe, bhante, tumhākaṃ vinayakammaṃ karothā』』ti vatvā vattaṃ karonti, gāmappavesanampi āpucchantiyeva, vāritakālato paṭṭhāya anāpatti. Mithu yathāvuḍḍhanti pārivāsikabhikkhūnaṃ aññamaññaṃ yo yo vuḍḍho tena tena navakatarassa sādituṃ.
Pañcayathāvuḍḍhanti pakatattehipi saddhiṃ vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiyā eva. Tasmā pātimokkhe uddissamāne hatthapāse nisīdituṃ vaṭṭati. Mahāpaccariyaṃ pana 『『pāḷiyā anisīditvā pāḷiṃ vihāya hatthapāsaṃ amuñcantena nisīditabba』』nti vuttaṃ. Pārisuddhiuposathe karīyamāne saṅghanavakaṭṭhāne nisīditvā tattheva nisinnena attano pāḷiyā pārisuddhiuposatho kātabbo. Pavāraṇāyapi saṅghanavakaṭṭhāne nisīditvā tattheva nisinnena attano pāḷiyā pavāretabbaṃ. Saṅghena ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā bhājīyamānaṃ vassikasāṭikampi attano pattaṭṭhāne gahetuṃ vaṭṭati.
Oṇojananti vissajjanaṃ vuccati. Sace hi pārivāsikassa dve tīṇi uddesabhattādīni pāpuṇanti, aññā cassa puggalikabhattapaccāsā hoti, tāni paṭipāṭiyā gahetvā 『『bhante, heṭṭhā gāhetha, ajja mayhaṃ bhattapaccāsā atthi, sve gaṇhissāmī』』ti vatvā vissajjetabbāni. Evaṃ tāni punadivasesu gaṇhituṃ labhati. Punadivase sabbapaṭhamaṃ etassa dātabbanti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Yadi pana na gaṇhāti na vissajjeti, punadivase na labhati, idaṃ oṇojanaṃ nāma pārivāsikasseva odissa anuññātaṃ. Kasmā? Tassa hi saṅghanavakaṭṭhāne nisinnassa bhattagge yāgukhajjakādīni pāpuṇanti vā na vā, tasmā so 『『bhikkhāhārena mā kilamitthā』』ti idamassa saṅgahakaraṇatthāya odissa anuññātaṃ.
在隨從分別章中——隨從者,即在隨從中居住。在那裡,隨從有四種:未覆蓋隨從、已覆蓋隨從、清凈隨從、合併隨從。在這些中,如大品中所說:"諸比丘啊,即使是其他曾經屬於外道,現在希望在此法律中出家、受具足戒,應給予四個月的隨從",這是外道隨從,即未覆蓋隨從。關於那個,已經說過應該說的。但這裡並不是所要討論的。其餘三種是針對已犯僧殘罪且被遮蔽的人。關於這些,我們將在綜合分別章中說明。這些是此處要討論的。因此,在這些隨從中居住的,稱為"隨從者"。 對於原本的比丘們——除了最新的隨從者,包括至少被召回根本者在內的其餘人。對於迎接和起立——他們接受這些迎接等,同意、接受;意即不拒絕。在那裡,適當行為——除了迎接等,其他如扇風、給水等禮儀性行為的稱呼。座位奉獻——奉獻座位,拿起座位並安置,或鋪設。臥具奉獻也是同樣的道理。腳水——洗腳水。腳凳——放置洗過的腳的地方。腳墊——放置未洗的腳或擦腳的地方。犯輕罪——即使對隨從者同意也是輕罪,因此應該告訴他們:"我要執行律法儀式,不要為我做事,不要請我進入村莊。"如果是有信仰出家的善男子說:"尊者,請為您執行律法儀式",並做事,請求進入村莊,從被阻止的時刻開始無罪。依年長次序——隨從比丘彼此間,年長者應該被年幼者接受。 五依年長次序——甚至與原本比丘也是按照年長順序。因此在誦戒時可以在手臂範圍內就座。然而在大集註中說:"不坐在誦文處,離開誦文后在手臂範圍內就座。"在舉行清凈布薩時,應在僧團新人位置就座,並在那裡以自己的誦文舉行清凈布薩。在布薩告白時也是如此。當僧團敲鐘分發雨季衣時,可以在自己的缽處接收。 解除——即釋放。如果隨從者獲得兩三次誦戒食等,還有其他個人食物期待,應依次接受並說:"尊者,請在下面接受,今天我有食物期待,明天我將接受。"這樣可以在隨後的日子裡接受。根源注中說應在第一天給予。如果不接受不釋放,在隨後的日子裡無法獲得,這種解除僅為隨從者特別允許。為什麼?因為他在僧團新人位置就座時,無論是否獲得食堂的粥、點心等,所以這是爲了不讓他因乞食而疲憊,特別允許的照顧方式。
Bhattanti āgatāgatehi vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiyā gahetvā gantabbaṃ vihāre saṅghassa catussālabhattaṃ, etaṃ yathāvuḍḍhaṃ labhati. Pāḷiyā pana gantuṃ vā ṭhātuṃ vā na labhati, tasmā pāḷito osakkitvā hatthapāse ṭhitena hatthaṃ pasāretvā yathā seno nipatitvā gaṇhāti, evaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ. Ārāmikasamaṇuddesehi āharāpetuṃ na labhati. Sace sayameva āharanti, vaṭṭati. Rañño mahāpeḷabhattepi eseva nayo. Catussālabhatte pana sace oṇojanaṃ kattukāmo hoti, attano atthāya ukkhitte piṇḍe 『『ajja me bhattaṃ atthi, sve gaṇhissāmī』』ti vattabbaṃ. Punadivase dve piṇḍe labhatīti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. Uddesabhattādīnipi pāḷito osakkitvāva gahetabbāni. Yattha pana nisīdāpetvā parivisanti, tattha sāmaṇerānaṃ jeṭṭhakena bhikkhūnaṃ saṅghanavakena hutvā nisīditabbaṃ.
在飲食方面,依照到達和離開的年長次序,應該在僧團的四分之一食物中獲得,按照年長者的方式來接受。而在誦文中則不應獲得前往或停留,因此應由已被照顧的人放下手臂,伸出手來,如同低頭接住一樣,這樣應當被接受。不能依靠外出者的指示來獲取食物。如果自己去取,是可以的。對於國王的豐盛食物也是同樣的道理。對於四分之一食物,如果想要解除,應該在自己利益的情況下提到「今天我有食物,明天我將接受」。在接下來的日子裡,將會獲得兩份食物,這在大集註中已經說明。關於食物等也應由已被照顧的人放下後接受。在那裡,如果被安置並圍坐,那麼應由年長比丘作為僧團的代表來就座。
- Idāni yā ayaṃ sammāvattanā vuttā, tattha na upasampādetabbanti upajjhāyena hutvā na upasampādetabbaṃ; vattaṃ nikkhipitvā pana upasampādetuṃ vaṭṭati. Ācariyena hutvāpi kammavācā na sāvetabbā, aññasmiṃ asati vattaṃ nikkhipitvā sāvetuṃ vaṭṭati. Na nissayoti āgantukānaṃ nissayo na dātabbo. Yehipi pakatiyāva nissayo gahito, te vattabbā – 『『ahaṃ vinayakammaṃ karomi, asukattherassa nāma santike nissayaṃ gaṇhatha, mayhaṃ vattaṃ mā karotha, mā maṃ gāmappavesanaṃ āpucchathā』』ti. Sace evaṃ vuttepi karontiyeva, vāritakālato paṭṭhāya karontesupi anāpatti.
Na sāmaṇeroti añño sāmaṇero na gahetabbo. Upajjhaṃ datvā gahitasāmaṇerāpi vattabbā – 『『ahaṃ vinayakammaṃ karomi, mayhaṃ vattaṃ mā karotha, mā maṃ gāmappavesanaṃ āpucchathā』』ti. Sace evaṃ vuttepi karontiyeva, vāritakālato paṭṭhāya karontesupi anāpatti. Bhikkhunovādakasammuti nāma ādhipaccaṭṭhānabhūtāti paṭikkhittā, tasmā bhikkhusaṅghassa vattabbaṃ – 『『bhante, ahaṃ vinayakammaṃ karomi, bhikkhunovādakaṃ jānāthā』』ti, paṭibalassa vā bhikkhussa bhāro kātabbo. Āgatā bhikkhuniyo 『『saṅghasantikaṃ gacchatha, saṅgho vo ovādadāyakaṃ jānissatī』』ti vā 『『ahaṃ vinayakammaṃ karomi, asukabhikkhussa nāma santikaṃ gacchatha, so vo ovādaṃ dassatī』』ti vā vattabbā.
Sā āpattīti sukkavissaṭṭhiyā parivāse dinne sukkavissaṭṭhi nāpajjitabbā. Aññā vā tādisikāti kāyasaṃsaggādigarukāpatti. Tato vā pāpiṭṭhatarāti pārājikāpatti; sattasu hi āpattīsu dubbhāsitāpatti pāpiṭṭhā; dukkaṭāpatti pāpiṭṭhatarā; dukkaṭāpatti pāpiṭṭhā, pāṭidesanīyāpatti pāpiṭṭhatarāti evaṃ pācittiyathullaccayasaṅghādisesapārājikāpattīsu nayo netabbo. Tāsaṃ vatthūsupi dubbhāsitavatthu pāpiṭṭhaṃ, dukkaṭavatthu pāpiṭṭhataranti purimanayeneva bhedo veditabbo. Paṇṇattivajjasikkhāpade pana vatthupi āpattipi pāpiṭṭhā. Lokavajje ubhayampi pāpiṭṭhataraṃ.
Kammanti parivāsakammavācā vuccati. Taṃ kammaṃ 『『akataṃ dukkaṭa』』ntiādīhi vā 『『kiṃ idaṃ kammaṃ nāma kasikammaṃ gorakkhakamma』』ntiādīhi vā vacanehi na garahitabbaṃ. Kammikāti yehi bhikkhūhi kammaṃ kataṃ, te vuccanti, te 『『bālā abyattā』』tiādīhi vacanehi na garahitabbā. Nasavacanīyaṃ kātabbanti palibodhatthāya vā pakkosanatthāya vā savacanīyaṃ na kātabbaṃ, palibodhatthāya hi karonto 『『ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ imasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ savacanīyaṃ karomi, imamhā āvāsā ekapadampi mā pakkāmi, yāva na taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasantaṃ hotī』』ti evaṃ karoti. Pakkosanatthāya karonto 『『ahaṃ te savacanīyaṃ karomi, ehi mayā saddhiṃ vinayadharānaṃ sammukhībhāvaṃ gacchāmā』』ti evaṃ karoti; tadubhayampi na kātabbaṃ.
Na anuvādoti vihāre jeṭṭhakaṭṭhānaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Pātimokkhuddesakena vā dhammajjhesakena vā na bhavitabbaṃ. Nāpi terasasu sammutīsu ekasammutivasenāpi issariyakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Na okāsoti 『『karotu me āyasmā okāsaṃ, ahaṃ taṃ vattukāmo』』ti evaṃ pakatattassa okāso na kāretabbo, vatthunā vā āpattiyā vā na codetabbo, 『『ayaṃ pubbe te doso』』ti na sāretabbo. Na bhikkhūhi sampayojetabbanti aññamaññaṃ yojetvā kalaho na kāretabbo.
現在對於已經說過的正確轉向,其中不應授具足戒,即不應由和尚授具足戒;但可以放棄行為后授具足戒。即使由阿阇梨也不應宣讀羯磨詞,如果沒有其他人,可以放棄行為后宣讀。不應依止——不應給予外來者依止。即使已經以原本方式接受依止的人,也應該被告知:"我要執行律法儀式,請在某某長老處接受依止,不要為我做事,不要請我進入村莊。"即使如此說后仍然做,從被阻止的時刻開始無罪。 不應沙彌——不應接受另一個沙彌。即使是已由和尚接受的沙彌也應該被告知:"我要執行律法儀式,不要為我做事,不要請我進入村莊。"即使如此說后仍然做,從被阻止的時刻開始無罪。比丘訓誡許可被視為權威地位,因此被拒絕,因此應該告訴比丘僧團:"尊者,我要執行律法儀式,請知道比丘訓誡者",或應該委託有能力的比丘。來訪的比丘尼應該被告知:"前往僧團,僧團將知道誰給予訓誡",或"我要執行律法儀式,前往某某比丘處,他將給予訓誡"。 那個過失——在給予遺精隨從時,不應再犯遺精。或其他類似的——如身體接觸等嚴重過失。或比更糟的——波羅夷罪;在七種過失中,惡說過失最糟;輕罪更糟;輕罪糟糕,應悔過罪更糟;這種方式應該適用於波逸提、突吉羅、僧殘、波羅夷等過失。在這些事實中,惡說事實最糟,輕罪事實更糟,應該以先前的方式理解。在制定違犯學處中,事實和過失都最糟。在世間違犯中,兩者都更糟。 儀式——即隨從儀式羯磨詞。這個儀式不應被"未做輕罪"等語言,或"這是什麼儀式,耕作、牧養"等語言所誹謗。執行者——由那些執行儀式的比丘稱呼,不應被"愚蠢、無知"等語言誹謗。不應作應誡——爲了障礙或召喚而不應作應誡。爲了障礙而做時說:"我對尊者在此事中作應誡,不要離開此住處哪怕一步,直到爭端平息"。爲了召喚而做時說:"我對你作應誡,來與我一起面對律法持有者";這兩種都不應做。 不應誹謗——在寺院中不應占據首座位置。不應成為誦戒者或法座者。在十三種許可中,也不應以任何一種許可行使權力。不應給予機會——不應要求原本比丘給予機會說話,不應以事實或過失指責,不應提醒"這是你以前的過錯"。不應由比丘聯合——不應挑起彼此之間的爭吵。
Puratoti saṅghattherena hutvā purato na gantabbaṃ, dvādasahatthaṃ upacāraṃ muñcitvā ekakena gantabbaṃ. Nisīdanepi eseva nayo. Āsanapariyantoti bhattaggādīsu saṅghanavakāsanaṃ vuccati; svāssa dātabbo, tattha nisīditabbaṃ. Seyyāpariyantoti seyyānaṃ pariyanto, sabbalāmakaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ. Ayañhi vassaggena attano pattaṭṭhāne seyyaṃ gahetuṃ na labhati. Sabbabhikkhūhi vicinitvā gahitāvasesā maṅkulagūthabharitā vettalatādivinaddhā lāmakaseyyā assa dātabbā. Vihārapariyantoti yathā ca seyyā, evaṃ vasanaāvāsopi vassaggena attano pattaṭṭhāne tassa na vaṭṭati. Sabbabhikkhūhi vicinitvā gahitāvasesā pana rajohatabhūmi jatukamūsikabharitā paṇṇasālā assa dātabbā. Sace pakatattā sabbe rukkhamūlikā abbhokāsikā ca honti, channaṃ na upenti, sabbepi etehi vissaṭṭhāvāsā nāma honti. Tesu yaṃ icchati, taṃ labhati. Vassūpanāyikadivase paccayaṃ ekapasse ṭhatvā vassaggena gaṇhituṃ labhati. Senāsanaṃ na labhati, nibaddhavassāvāsikaṃ senāsanaṃ gaṇhitukāmena vattaṃ nikkhipitvā gahetabbaṃ.
Tenaca so sāditabboti yaṃ assa āsanādipariyantaṃ bhikkhū denti, so eva sāditabbo. Puresamaṇena vā pacchāsamaṇena vāti ñātipavāritaṭṭhāne 『『ettake bhikkhū gahetvā āgacchathā』』ti nimantitena 『『bhante, asukaṃ nāma kulaṃ bhikkhū nimantesi, etha tattha gacchāmā』』ti evaṃ saṃvidhāya bhikkhū puresamaṇe vā pacchāsamaṇe vā katvā na gantabbaṃ. 『『Bhante, asukasmiṃ nāma gāme manussā bhikkhūnaṃ āgamanaṃ icchanti, sādhu vatassa sace tesaṃ saṅgahaṃ kareyyāthā』』ti evaṃ pana pariyāyena kathetuṃ vaṭṭati.
Na āraññikaṅganti āgatāgatānaṃ ārocetuṃ harāyamānena āraññikadhutaṅgaṃ na samādātabbaṃ. Yenāpi pakatiyā samādinnaṃ, tena dutiyaṃ bhikkhuṃ gahetvā araññe aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, na ca ekakena vatthabbaṃ. Tathā bhattaggādīsu āsanapariyante nisajjāya harāyamānena piṇḍapātikadhutaṅgampi na samādātabbaṃ. Yo pana pakatiyāva piṇḍapātiko tassa paṭisedho natthi.
Na ca tappaccayāti 『『nīhaṭabhatto hutvā vihāreyeva nisīditvā bhuñjanto rattiyo gaṇayissāmi, gacchato me bhikkhuṃ disvā anārocentassa ratticchedo siyā』』ti iminā kāraṇena piṇḍapāto na nīharāpetabbo. Mā maṃ jāniṃsūti 『『mā maṃ ekabhikkhupi jānātū』』ti ca iminā ajjhāsayena vihāre sāmaṇerehi pacāpetvā bhuñjitumpi na labhati. Gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisitabbameva. Gilānassa pana navakammaācariyupajjhāyakiccādipasutassa vā vihāreyeva acchituṃ vaṭṭati. Sacepi gāme anekasatā bhikkhū vicaranti, na sakkā hoti ārocetuṃ, gāmakāvāsaṃ gantvā sabhāgaṭṭhāne vasituṃ vaṭṭati.
Āgantukenāti kañci vihāraṃ gatena tattha bhikkhūnaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Sace sabbe ekaṭṭhāne ṭhite passati, ekaṭṭhāne ṭhiteneva ārocetabbaṃ. Atha rukkhamūlādīsu visuṃ visuṃ ṭhitā honti, tattha tattha gantvā ārocetabbaṃ. Sañcicca anārocentassa ratticchedo ca hoti, vattabhede ca dukkaṭaṃ. Atha vicinanto ekacce na passati, ratticchedova hoti, na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ.
在前面——不應由僧團長老在前面行走,應該離開十二肘的界限,單獨行走。在就座時也是同樣的道理。座位範圍——在飯堂等處稱為僧團新人座位;應該給予他,並在那裡就座。臥具範圍——臥具的範圍,即最低等的床和座位。因為他在雨季期間不能在自己的缽處位置獲得臥具。應該由所有比丘選擇后剩餘的,裝滿樹葉和糞便,用藤條等捆綁的最低等臥具給他。住處範圍——如同臥具,居住住處在雨季期間也不能在自己的缽處位置。應該由所有比丘選擇后剩餘的,裝滿灰塵和老鼠洞的樹葉小屋給他。如果原本比丘都是樹下或露天者,不進入有頂之處,這些都稱為分散住處。在這些中,他想要什麼就得到什麼。在進入雨季日,可以站在一邊,在雨季期間獲取資具。如果不能獲得住處,想要獲得固定雨季住處的,應放棄行為后獲取。 並且應該由他接受——比丘給予的座位等範圍,他應該接受。無論是前面的沙門還是後面的沙門——在親友邀請處,"請帶這麼多比丘來"的邀請下,"尊者,某某家邀請比丘,我們去那裡",不應安排比丘在前面或後面行走。但可以這樣委婉地說:"尊者,某某村的人希望比丘來訪,如果您能關照他們那就太好了"。 不應林住支——對於來來往往者,感到羞愧時不應接受林住頭陀支。即使原本已接受的,也應該帶第二個比丘在森林中等待黎明,不應單獨居住。同樣在飯堂等座位範圍,感到羞愧時不應接受乞食頭陀支。但原本就是乞食者則無限制。 並非因此——不應爲了"我已經取得食物,坐在寺院用餐,我將計算夜晚,看到行走的比丘未通知我時會斷夜"而取走食物。也不應因為"不要讓任何一個比丘知道我"的想法,讓沙彌在寺院伺候用餐。應該進村乞食。但生病、新工作、阿阇梨和和尚有事的可以在寺院停留。即使村中有數百比丘,無法通知時,可以去村落居住區,在類似場所居住。 對於來訪者——任何人到寺院都應該通知比丘。如果看到所有人站在一處,就在那一處通知。如果他們分散在樹下等處,就要到各處通知。故意不通知會斷夜,在行為上也犯輕罪。如果搜尋時沒有看到一些人,只斷夜,不犯行為輕罪。
Āgantukassāti attano vasanavihāraṃ āgatassāpi ekassa vā bahūnaṃ vā vuttanayeneva ārocetabbaṃ . Ratticchedavattabhedāpi cettha vuttanayeneva veditabbā. Sace āgantukā muhuttaṃ vissamitvā vā avissamitvā eva vā vihāramajjhena gacchanti, tesampi ārocetabbaṃ. Sace tassa ajānantasseva gacchanti, ayañca pana gatakāle jānāti, gantvā ārocetabbaṃ. Sampāpuṇituṃ asakkontassa ratticchedova hoti, na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ. Yepi antovihāraṃ appavisitvā upacārasīmaṃ okkamitvā gacchanti, ayañca nesaṃ chattasaddaṃ vā ukkāsitasaddaṃ vā khipitasaddaṃ vā sutvāva āgantukabhāvaṃ jānāti, gantvā ārocetabbaṃ . Gatakāle jānantenapi anubandhitvā ārocetabbameva. Sampāpuṇituṃ asakkontassa ratticchedova hoti, na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ. Yopi rattiṃyeva āgantvā rattiṃyeva gacchati, sopissa ratticchedaṃ karoti, aññātattā pana vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ natthi. Sace ajānitvāva abbhānaṃ karoti, akatameva hotīti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā adhikā rattiyo gahetvā kātabbaṃ, ayaṃ apaṇṇakapaṭipadā.
Nadīādīsu nāvāya gacchantampi paratīre ṭhitampi ākāsena gacchantampi pabbatatalaaraññādīsu dūre ṭhitampi bhikkhuṃ disvā sace 『『bhikkhū』』ti vavatthānaṃ atthi, nāvādīhi vā gantvā mahāsaddaṃ katvā vā vegena anubandhitvā vā ārocetabbaṃ, anārocentassa ratticchedo ceva vattabhedadukkaṭañca. Sace vāyamantopi sampāpuṇituṃ vā sāvetuṃ vā na sakkoti, ratticchedova hoti, na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ. Saṅghasenābhayatthero pana visayāvisayena katheti – 『『visaye kira anārocentassa ratticchedo ceva vattabhedadukkaṭañca hoti, avisaye pana ubhayampi natthī』』ti. Karavīkatissatthero 『『samaṇo ayanti vavatthānameva pamāṇaṃ, sacepi avisayo hoti, vattabhedadukkaṭameva natthi, ratticchedo pana hotiyevā』』ti āha.
Uposatheti 『『uposathaṃ sampāpuṇissāmā』』ti āgantukā bhikkhū āgacchanti, iddhiyā gacchantāpi uposathabhāvaṃ ñatvā otaritvā uposathaṃ karonti, tasmā āgantukasodhanatthaṃ uposathadivase ārocetabbaṃ. Pavāraṇāyapi eseva nayo. Gilānoti gantuṃ asamattho. Dūtenāti ettha anupasampannaṃ pesetuṃ na vaṭṭati, bhikkhuṃ pesetvā ārocāpetabbaṃ.
Abhikkhukoāvāsoti suññavihāro; yattha ekopi bhikkhu natthi, tattha vāsatthāya na gantabbaṃ. Na hi tattha vuttharattiyo gaṇanūpikā honti, pakatattena pana saddhiṃ vaṭṭati. Dasavidhantarāye pana sacepi rattiyo gaṇanūpikā na honti, antarāyato parimuccanatthāya gantabbameva. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『aññatra antarāyā』』ti. Nānāsaṃvāsakehi saddhiṃ vinayakammaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Tesaṃ anārocanepi ratticchedo natthi, abhikkhukāvāsasadisameva hoti. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā』』ti. Sesaṃ uposathakkhandhake vuttanayameva.
對於來訪者——應根據自己的居住寺院,向一個或多個比丘通知。關於夜晚的斷夜和行為的分類也應如上所述理解。如果來訪者在片刻之間猶豫或不猶豫地走過寺院中間,他們也應被通知。如果他們在不知道的情況下走去,而他在離開時知道,則應在到達后通知。無法完全到達的情況下,僅僅斷夜,而不犯行為輕罪。即使是那些在內部寺院稍微離開,超出允許範圍而離開的,他們在聽到傘聲或拋擲聲時知道自己是來訪者,也應在到達后通知。即使在知道的情況下,也應緊跟著通知。無法完全到達的情況下,僅僅斷夜,而不犯行為輕罪。無論夜間到達還是夜間離開,他都會造成斷夜,但由於未知的原因,不會犯行為輕罪。如果在不知道的情況下進行不正當行為,則被視為未做。因此,應該在多於一夜的情況下進行安排,這就是不被接受的行為。 在河流等處,即使乘船前往,或在對岸停留,或在空中飛行,或在遠處的山腳等地方看到比丘,如果有"比丘"的確定性,應通過船等前往,發出大聲通知,或者迅速追隨通知,否則將造成斷夜和行為輕罪。如果他即使在努力也無法完全到達或通知,也只會造成斷夜,而不犯行為輕罪。比丘長老則根據情況進行說明——"在有情況的地方,不通知將導致斷夜和行為輕罪,而在沒有情況的地方則兩者都不存在"。Karavīkatissat長老說:"比丘的定義本身就是標準,即使在沒有情況的情況下,也不會有行為輕罪,但仍會造成斷夜"。 關於安居——來訪的比丘說:"我們將會完成安居",在以神通前來時,也意識到安居的狀態,因此在安居日應通知來訪者以進行清理。關於交接也是同樣的道理。生病者——無法前往。關於使者——不應派遣未被接受的使者,應該派遣比丘並通知。 關於空無的居住地——沒有比丘的空寺;在沒有任何比丘的地方,不應前往居住。那裡沒有夜間的計算,通常是與之相關的。但在十種障礙中,即使沒有夜間的計算,仍應前往以解除障礙。因此說——"除非有障礙"。與不同的居住者一起進行律法儀式是不應當的。即使他們不通知,也不會造成斷夜,與空無的居住地相似。因此說——"在那兒有比丘是不同居住者"。其餘的內容在安居法中已如上所述。
81.Ekacchanne āvāsetiādīsu āvāso nāma vasanatthāya katasenāsanaṃ. Anāvāso nāma cetiyagharaṃ bodhigharaṃ sammuñjaniaṭṭako dāruaṭṭako pānīyamāḷo vaccakuṭi dvārakoṭṭhakoti evamādi. Tatiyapadena tadubhayampi gahitaṃ. Etesu yattha katthaci ekacchanne chadanato udakapatanaṭṭhānaparicchinne okāse ukkhittako vasituṃ na labhati. 『『Pārivāsiko pana antoāvāseyeva na labhatī』』ti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana 『『avisesena udakapātena vārita』』nti vuttaṃ. Kurundiyaṃ 『『etesu ettakesu pañcavaṇṇacchadanabaddhaṭṭhānesu pārivāsikassa ca ukkhittakassa ca pakatattena saddhiṃ udakapātena vārita』』nti vuttaṃ. Tasmā nānūpacārepi ekacchanne na vaṭṭati. Sace panettha tadahupasampannepi pakatatte paṭhamaṃ pavisitvā nipanne saṭṭhivassopi pārivāsiko pacchā pavisitvā jānanto nipajjati, ratticchedo ceva vattabhedadukkaṭañca. Ajānantassa ratticchedova na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ. Sace pana tasmiṃ paṭhamaṃ nipanne pacchā pakatatto pavisitvā nipajjati, pārivāsiko ca jānāti, ratticchedo ceva vattabhedadukkaṭañca. No ce jānāti, ratticchedova na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ.
Vuṭṭhātabbaṃ nimantetabboti tadahupasampannampi disvā vuṭṭhātabbameva; vuṭṭhāya ca 『『ahaṃ iminā sukhanisinno vuṭṭhāpito』』ti parammukhena na gantabbaṃ, 『『idaṃ ācariya-āsanaṃ, ettha nisīdathā』』ti evaṃ nimantetabboyeva. Navakena pana 『『mahātheraṃ obaddhaṃ karomī』』ti pārivāsikattherassa santikaṃ na gantabbaṃ. Ekāsaneti samānavassikāsane mañce vā pīṭhe vā . Na chamāyaṃ nisinneti pakatatte bhūmiyaṃ nisinne itarena antamaso tiṇasanthārepi uccatare vālikātalepi vā na nisīditabbaṃ, dvādasahatthaṃ pana upacāraṃ muñcitvā nisīdituṃ vaṭṭati. Ekacaṅkameti sahāyena viya saddhiṃ caṅkamanto ekasmiṃ caṅkame.
Chamāyaṃ caṅkamantanti chamāyaṃ caṅkamante, ayameva vā pāṭho. Ayaṃ panettha attho – akataparicchedāya bhūmiyā caṅkamante paricchedaṃ katvā vālikaṃ ākiritvā ālambanaṃ yojetvā katacaṅkame nīcepi na caṅkamitabbaṃ, ko pana vādo iṭṭhakācayasampanne vedikāparikkhitteti! Sace pana pākāraparikkhitto hoti dvārakoṭṭhakayutto pabbatantaravanantaragumbantaresu vā suppaṭicchanno, tādise caṅkame caṅkamituṃ vaṭṭati. Appaṭicchannepi upacāraṃ muñcitvā vaṭṭati.
在單一屋頂的居所等中,居所即為居住而製作的住處。非居所即佛堂、菩提樹屋、清潔處、木屋、飲水處、廁所、門廊等。第三段包含了上述兩種。在這些處所中,無論何處,因單一屋頂遮蔽、水落處受限的空間,被驅逐者不得居住。在大註釋中說:"隨從者不得在居所內居住"。大註釋中又說:"不分青紅皁白地被水阻隔"。在Kurundi註釋中說:"在這些五色屋頂的地方,隨從者和被驅逐者與原住者一起,被水阻隔"。因此即使在非界限處也不允許。如果當天受具足戒的原住者先進入並躺下,即使是六十歲的隨從者後來進入並知情躺下,將造成斷夜和行為輕罪。不知情的只造成斷夜,不犯行為輕罪。如果原住者先躺下,隨後原住者進入並躺下,隨從者知情,將造成斷夜和行為輕罪。如果不知情,則僅造成斷夜,不犯行為輕罪。 應該起立並邀請——即使是當天受具足戒的也應該被起立;起立后不應背對地說:"我被這人舒適地趕走了",而應該這樣邀請:"這是阿阇梨的座位,請在此就座"。新人不應該說"我要約束大長老"而去隨從長老處。同一座位——在同一雨季的座位上,在床或椅子上。不應在地上坐——當原住者坐在地上時,即使是草墊或稍高的沙地,另一人也不應坐,但可以離開十二肘界限後坐。同一經行——像與同伴一起經行般,在同一經行處。 在地上經行——在地上經行,這也是一種讀法。此處意思是:在未劃定界限的地方經行,應劃定界限,撒沙,設定支撐點,在已製作的經行處,即使在低處也不應經行,更不用說磚塊堆積、有欄桿圍繞的地方了!如果被墻圍繞,有門廊,或在山間、森林間、叢林間隱蔽處,可以在這樣的經行處經行。即使未完全隱蔽,離開界限也是允許的。
Vuḍḍhatarenāti ettha sace vuḍḍhatare pārivāsike paṭhamaṃ nipanne itaro jānanto pacchā nipajjati, ratticchedo cassa hoti vattabhede ca dukkaṭaṃ. Vuḍḍhatarassa pana ratticchedova na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ. Ajānitvā nipajjati, dvinnampi vattabhedo natthi, ratticchedo pana hoti. Atha navakapārivāsike paṭhamaṃ nipanne vuḍḍhataro pacchā nipajjati, navako ca jānāti, ratti cassa chijjati, vattabhede ca dukkaṭaṃ hoti. Vuḍḍhatarassa ratticchedova na vattabhedo. No ce jānāti, dvinnampi vattabhedo natthi, ratticchedo pana hoti. Sace dvepi apacchāpurimaṃ nipajjanti, vuḍḍhatarassa ratticchedova itarassa vattabhedopīti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Dve pārivāsikā samavassā, eko paṭhamaṃ nipanno, eko jānantova pacchā nipajjati, ratti ca chijjati, vattabhede ca dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ nipannassa ratticchedova na vattabhedo. Sace pacchā nipajjantopi na jānāti, dvinnampi vattabhedo natthi, ratticchedo pana hoti. Sace dvepi apacchāpurimaṃ nipajjanti, dvinnampi ratticchedoyeva, na vattabhedo. Sace hi dve pārivāsikā ekato vaseyyuṃ, te aññamaññassa ajjhācāraṃ ñatvā agāravā vā vippaṭisārino vā hutvā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ vā āpattiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ vibbhameyyuṃ vā, tasmā nesaṃ sahaseyyā sabbappakārena paṭikkhittā. Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Mūlāyapaṭikassanārahādayo cettha pārivāsikānaṃ pakatattaṭṭhāne ṭhitāti veditabbā.
Pārivāsikacatuttho ce, bhikkhave, parivāsanti ettha pārivāsikaṃ catutthaṃ katvā aññassa parivāsadānādīni kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Etesvevāyaṃ gaṇapūrako na hoti, sesasaṅghakammesu hoti. Gaṇe pana appahonte vattaṃ nikkhipāpetvā gaṇapūrako kātabboti.
- Imaṃ pana vattakathaṃ sutvā vinayadharaupālittherassa rahogatassa evaṃ parivitakko udapādi – 『『bhagavatā bahu pārivāsikavattaṃ paññattaṃ, katihi nu kho ettha kāraṇehi ratticchedo hotī』』ti! So bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tamatthaṃ pucchi. Bhagavā cassa byākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『atha kho āyasmā upāli…pe… ratticchedā』』ti. Tattha sahavāsoti yvāyaṃ pakatattena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchannetiādinā nayena vutto ekato vāso. Vippavāsoti ekakasseva vāso. Anārocanāti āgantukādīnaṃ anārocanā. Etesu tīsu ekekena kāraṇena ratticchedo hoti.
84.Na sakkontīti saṅghassa mahantatāya tattha tattha gantvā sabbesaṃ ārocetuṃ asakkontā sodhetuṃ na sakkonti. Parivāsaṃ nikkhipāmi, vattaṃ nikkhipāmīti imesu dvīsu padesu ekenāpi nikkhittova hoti parivāso; dvīhi sunikkhittoyeva. Samādānepi eseva nayo. Evaṃ vattaṃ samādiyitvā parivutthaparivāsassa mānattaṃ gaṇhato puna vattasamādānakiccaṃ natthi, samādinnavattoyeva hesa tasmāssa chārattaṃ mānattaṃ dātabbaṃ, ciṇṇamānatto abbhetabbo. Evaṃ anāpattiko hutvā suddhante patiṭṭhito tisso sikkhā pūretvā dukkhassantaṃ karissatīti.
Pārivāsikavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Mūlāyapaṭikassanārahavattakathā
Vuḍḍhatarenāti——在這裡,如果年長的隨從者首先躺下,其他人知情后再躺下,將造成斷夜和行為輕罪。而年長者的斷夜則不會造成行為輕罪。如果不知情地躺下,二人都不會犯行為輕罪,但會造成斷夜。如果新的隨從者首先躺下,年長者隨後躺下且新隨從者知情,則夜晚將被切斷,並會造成行為輕罪。年長者的斷夜則不會造成行為輕罪。如果年長者不知情,則二人都不會犯行為輕罪,但會造成斷夜。如果兩人都在後面躺下,年長者的斷夜將造成其他人的行為輕罪,這在Kurundi中有說明。兩個隨從者同年,若一人首先躺下,另一人知情后再躺下,將造成夜晚切斷和行為輕罪。首先躺下者的斷夜不會造成行為輕罪。如果後面躺下者不知情,則二人都不會犯行為輕罪,但會造成斷夜。如果兩人都在後面躺下,則二人都將只造成斷夜,而不犯行為輕罪。如果兩位隨從者一起居住,他們若知道彼此的行為,而以不恭敬或不禮貌的方式互相對待,將會犯下更重的過失,因此他們的同居將被完全禁止。其餘內容應按上述說明理解。關於根本上不應被打擾的隨從者,應在原住者的固定位置上站立。 如果是第四個隨從者,比丘們,這裡有第四個隨從者,無法進行其他隨從者的給予等行為。在這些情況下,這個團體的組成將不被接受,而在其他僧團事務中是可以的。如果在團體中人數較少,應放棄行為,進行團體的組成。 83. 但聽到這段話后,持戒的維那長老在隱秘處思考道:「佛陀制定了許多隨從者的行為,究竟是什麼原因導致斷夜的呢?」於是他前往詢問佛陀。佛陀為他解釋了。因此說:「於是尊者烏帕利……夜晚被切斷。」在這裡,共同居住者即是與比丘共處的意思,表述為同一屋頂的居住。孤立居住則是單獨的居住。不通知則是指來訪者等的不通知。在這三種情況下,因各自的原因將造成斷夜。 84. 不可能——由於僧團的龐大,無法到處通知所有人,也無法清理。若我放棄隨從,放棄行為,這兩處中的任何一個被放棄的隨從都將被視為放棄;在這兩處中,只有周密的安排才是可行的。在接受方面也是如此。這樣,若行為被接納,隨從的身份將被視為存在,因而不再需要進行行為的整合。由於他是經過接受的,因此應給予他相應的身份,若他是被接受的,則應剝奪身份。這樣他將成為不犯過失,穩固於清凈的狀態,完成三項戒律,最終將會消除痛苦。 隨從者的行為討論已結束。 關於根本上不應被打擾的行為討論。
86.Mūlāyapaṭikassanārahā bhikkhū sādiyanti pakatattānanti ṭhapetvā navakataraṃ mūlāyapaṭikassanārahaṃ avasesānaṃ antamaso pārivāsikādīnampi. Imesañhi pārivāsikamūlāyapaṭikassanārahamānattārahamānattācārikabbhānārahānaṃ pañcannaṃ ṭhapetvā attano attano navakataraṃ, sesā sabbe pakatattā eva. Kasmā? Mithu yathāvuḍḍhaṃ abhivādanādīnaṃ anuññātattā. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『avasesānaṃ antamaso pārivāsikādīnampī』』ti. Mūlāyapaṭikassanārahādilakkhaṇaṃ pana nesaṃ parato āvibhavissati. Sesamettha ito paresu ca mānattārahādivattesu pārivāsikavatte vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
87.Mūlāyapaṭikassanārahacatuttho cetiādīsupi yatheva pārivāsiko; evaṃ etepi etesu vinayakammesu gaṇapūrakā na honti, sesasaṅghakammesu honti.
Mūlāyapaṭikassanārahavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Mānattacārikavattakathā
90.Mānattacārikassa vattesu 『『devasikaṃ ārocetabba』』nti viseso.
- Ratticchedesu ūne gaṇeti ettha gaṇoti cattāro vā atirekā vā; tasmā sacepi tīhi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ vasati, ratticchedo hotiyeva. Mānattanikkhepasamādānesu vuttasadisova vinicchayo. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
Mānattacārikavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Pārivāsikakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Samuccayakkhandhakaṃ
Sukkavissaṭṭhikathā
根本上不應被打擾的比丘接受原住者——除了最新的比丘外,其他包括隨從者在內的所有比丘都是根本上不應被打擾的。這些隨從者、根本上不應被打擾者、應接受懲罰者、應行懲罰者、應解脫者這五類,除了各自最新的比丘外,其餘都是原住者。為什麼?因為他們被允許按照年長次序進行禮敬等。因此說:"包括隨從者在內的其餘者"。他們根本上不應被打擾的特徵將在後面顯現。其餘部分在這裡和後續的應接受懲罰者等的行為中,應按照隨從者的行為方式理解。 在根本上不應被打擾的第四個等情況中,與隨從者相同;這些比丘在這些律法儀式中不能組成團體,但在其他僧團事務中可以。 根本上不應被打擾的行為討論已結束。 應行懲罰者的行為討論 對於應行懲罰者的行為,有"每天應通知"的特別規定。 在夜晚不足的情況下計算團體——這裡的團體指四人或更多。因此即使與三個比丘一起居住,仍會造成斷夜。在接受和放棄懲罰方面,判斷與之類似。其餘部分在所有情況下都是顯而易見的。 應行懲罰者的行為討論已結束。 隨從者部分的解釋已結束。 綜合部分 白凈遺精討論
- Samuccayakkhandhake – chārattaṃ mānattanti ettha catubbidhaṃ mānattaṃ – appaṭicchannamānattaṃ, paṭicchannamānattaṃ, pakkhamānattaṃ, samodhānamānattanti. Tattha appaṭicchannamānattaṃ nāma – yaṃ appaṭicchannāya āpattiyā parivāsaṃ adatvā kevalaṃ āpattiṃ āpannabhāveneva mānattārahassa mānattaṃ diyyati. Paṭicchannamānattaṃ nāma – yaṃ paṭicchannāya āpattiyā parivutthaparivāsassa diyyati. Pakkhamānattaṃ nāma – yaṃ paṭicchannāya vā appaṭicchannāya vā āpattiyā addhamāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ diyyati. Samodhānamānattaṃ nāma – yaṃ odhāya ekato katvā diyyati. Tesu idaṃ 『『appaṭicchannāya chārattaṃ mānatta』』nti vacanato 『『appaṭicchannamānatta』』nti veditabbaṃ. Taṃ dentena sace ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno hoti, idha vuttanayena dātabbaṃ. Sace dve vā tisso vā tatuttariṃ vā āpanno, yatheva 『『ekaṃ āpatti』』nti vuttaṃ; evaṃ 『『dve āpattiyo, tisso āpattiyo』』ti vattabbaṃ. Tatuttari pana sacepi sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā hoti, 『『sambahulā』』ti vattabbaṃ. Nānāvatthukāyopi ekato katvā dātabbā, tāsaṃ dānavidhiṃ parivāsadāne kathayissāma.
Evaṃ āpattivasena kammavācaṃ katvā dinne mānatte 『『evametaṃ dhārayāmī』』ti kammavācāpariyosāne māḷakasīmāyameva 『『mānattaṃ samādiyāmi, vattaṃ samādiyāmī』』ti vuttanayena vattaṃ samādātabbaṃ. Vattaṃ samādiyitvā tattheva saṅghassa ārocetabbaṃ, ārocentena ca evaṃ ārocetabbaṃ –
『『Ahaṃ , bhante, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ appaṭicchannaṃ, sohaṃ saṅghaṃ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya chārattaṃ mānattaṃ yāciṃ, tassa me saṅgho ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya chārattaṃ mānattaṃ adāsi. Sohaṃ mānattaṃ carāmi, vedayāmahaṃ, bhante 『vedayatī』ti maṃ saṅgho dhāretū』』ti.
Imañca pana atthaṃ gahetvā yāya kāyaci bhāsāya ārocetuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Ārocetvā sace nikkhipitukāmo, vuttanayeneva saṅghamajjhe nikkhipitabbaṃ. Māḷakato bhikkhūsu nikkhantesu ekassapi santike nikkhipituṃ vaṭṭati. Māḷakato nikkhamitvā satiṃ paṭilabhantena sahagacchantassa santike nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace sopi pakkanto, aññassa yassa māḷake nārocitaṃ, tassa ārocetvā nikkhipitabbaṃ. Ārocentena pana avasāne 『『vedayatīti maṃ āyasmā dhāretū』』ti vattabbaṃ. Dvinnaṃ ārocentena 『『āyasmantā dhārentū』』ti, tiṇṇaṃ ārocentena 『『āyasmanto dhārentū』』ti vattabbaṃ. Nikkhittakālato paṭṭhāya pakatattaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati.
Sace appabhikkhuko vihāro hoti, sabhāgā bhikkhū vasanti, vattaṃ anikkhipitvā antovihāreyeva rattiyo gaṇetabbā. Atha na sakkā sodhetuṃ, vuttanayeneva vattaṃ nikkhipitvā paccūsasamaye catūhi pañcahi vā bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ parikkhittassa vihārassa parikkhepato, aparikkhittassa parikkhepārahaṭṭhānato dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvā mahāmaggato okkamma gumbena vā vatiyā vā paṭicchannaṭṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ. Antoaruṇeyeva vuttanayena vattaṃ samādiyitvā ārocetabbaṃ. Sace añño koci bhikkhu kenacideva karaṇīyena taṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati, sace esa taṃ passati, saddaṃ vāssa suṇāti, ārocetabbaṃ. Anārocentassa ratticchedo ceva vattabhedo ca.
在綜合部分——六夜懲罰中,有四種懲罰:未遮蔽懲罰、已遮蔽懲罰、半月懲罰、合併懲罰。其中,未遮蔽懲罰是指:對於未遮蔽的過失,不給予隨伴期,僅因犯過失的事實,給予應受懲罰者的懲罰。已遮蔽懲罰是指:對於已遮蔽的過失,給予已完成隨伴期者的懲罰。半月懲罰是指:對於遮蔽或未遮蔽的過失,給予比丘尼半個月的懲罰。合併懲罰是指:將其合併一起給予的懲罰。在這些中,根據"對未遮蔽的六夜懲罰"的說法,應理解為"未遮蔽懲罰"。給予時,如果犯了一個過失,應按此處所述方式給予。如果犯了兩個、三個或更多過失,應如同"一個過失"所說;同樣應說"兩個過失"、"三個過失"。超過此數,即使是百或千,也應說"多個"。即使是不同性質的過失,也應合併給予,其給予方式將在隨伴期給予時詳細說明。 按照過失的方式作出儀式宣告后,在儀式結束時,在集會界限內,應按照"我這樣持守"的方式接受行為。接受行為后,應在同一處向僧團通知,通知時應這樣說: "尊者,我犯了一個有意識的、未遮蔽的遺精過失。我向僧團請求對這一個有意識的、未遮蔽的遺精過失給予六夜懲罰。僧團已給予我這一個有意識的、未遮蔽的遺精過失的六夜懲罰。我將執行懲罰,尊者,請僧團記住我正在承受。" 可以用任何語言通知。通知后,如果想放棄,應按照所述方式在僧團中間放棄。即使僧團成員已離開集會場所,在任何一位比丘面前放棄也是允許的。離開集會場所后,恢復意識的人應在同行者面前放棄。如果同行者也已離開,應在未被通知的其他人面前通知並放棄。通知時,最後應說"請尊者記住我正在承受"。兩人通知時說"請諸尊者記住",三人通知時說"請諸尊者記住"。從放棄時刻起,站在原住者的位置。 如果寺院比丘人數很少,同類比丘居住,不放棄行為,應在寺院內計算夜晚。如果無法清理,應按所述方式放棄行為,在黎明時分,與四或五位比丘一起,在被圍繞的寺院圍墻內,或在未圍繞但適合圍繞的地方,超過兩個投石距離,離開大道,在灌木或圍墻的隱蔽處就座。在黎明前按所述方式接受並通知行為。如果有其他比丘因某事來到該處,如果看到他或聽到他的聲音,應通知。不通知的將造成斷夜和行為違規。
Atha dvādasahatthaṃ upacāraṃ okkamitvā ajānantasseva gacchati, ratticchedo hoti eva, vattabhedo pana natthi. Ārocitakālato paṭṭhāya ca ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ ṭhapetvā sesehi sati karaṇīye gantumpi vaṭṭati. Aruṇe uṭṭhite tassa bhikkhussa santike vattaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace sopi kenaci kammena purearuṇeyeva gacchati, aññaṃ vihārato nikkhantaṃ vā āgantukaṃ vā yaṃ paṭhamaṃ passati, tassa santike ārocetvā vattaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Ayañca yasmā gaṇassa ārocetvā bhikkhūnañca atthibhāvaṃ sallakkhetvāva vasi, tenassa ūne gaṇe caraṇadoso vā vippavāso vā na hoti. Sace na kañci passati, vihāraṃ gantvā attanā saddhiṃ gatabhikkhūsu ekassa santike nikkhipitabbanti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero pana 『『yaṃ paṭhamaṃ passati, tassa ārocetvā nikkhipitabbaṃ; ayaṃ nikkhittavattassa parihāro』』ti āha.
Evaṃ chārattaṃ mānattaṃ akhaṇḍaṃ caritvā yattha siyā vīsatigaṇo bhikkhusaṅgho, tattha so bhikkhu abbhetabbo. Abbhentehi ca paṭhamaṃ abbhānāraho kātabbo. Ayañhi nikkhittavattattā pakatattaṭṭhāne ṭhito, pakatattassa ca abbhānaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati, tasmā vattaṃ samādāpetabbo. Vatte samādinne abbhānāraho hoti. Tenāpi vattaṃ samādiyitvā ārocetvā abbhānaṃ yācitabbaṃ. Anikkhittavattassa puna vattasamādānakiccaṃ natthi. So hi chārattātikkameneva abbhānāraho hoti, tasmā so abbhetabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ 『『evañca pana, bhikkhave, abbhetabbo』』ti pāḷiyaṃyeva abbhānavidhi vutto, ayañca ekāpattivasena vutto. Sace pana dve tisso sambahulā vā ekavatthukā vā nānāvatthukā vā āpattiyo honti, tāsaṃ vasena kammavācā kātabbā. Evaṃ appaṭicchannamānattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Paṭicchannamānattaṃ pana yasmā paṭicchannāya āpattiyā parivutthaparivāsassa dātabbaṃ hoti, tasmā naṃ parivāsakathāyaṃyeva kathayissāma.
Parivāsakathā
Atha dvādasahatthaṃ——然後,若以十二種方式進入,若不知情者前往,將造成斷夜,但不會有行為輕罪。從通知時起,除了一個比丘外,其他比丘都可以做應做的事情。在黎明升起時,必須在那位比丘的面前放棄行為。如果他因某種工作在黎明之前離開,或在其他寺院離開,或首次看到的來訪者,應在那位比丘面前通知並放棄行為。由於他在團體中,通知比丘的存在,因此對於未滿人數的團體,不會有行為輕罪或孤立的過失。如果沒有人看到,前往寺院后,應在與自己同行的比丘中,選擇一位放棄行為,正如大長老所說。大蓮花長老則說:「首次看到的人,應通知並放棄;這就是放棄的處理方式。」 因此,未遮蔽的懲罰應完整地執行,在那裡有二十位比丘的僧團,那個比丘應被放棄。放棄者應首先被放棄。由於他在放棄行為的情況下,站在原住者的位置,因此不應允許他進行放棄,因此應強制他放棄行為。在行為完成後,應進行放棄的請求。因此,對於未被放棄的行為,再次進行行為的整合是沒有必要的。因為他因未遮蔽的懲罰而被放棄,所以他應被放棄。因此,在這裡所說的「這樣做的,尊者們,應被放棄」,在經典中也有提到,這是以單一過失的方式提到的。如果有兩個、三個或多個過失,依照其情況應進行行為的宣告。因此,應給予未遮蔽的懲罰。已遮蔽的懲罰是由於被遮蔽的過失,因此應在放棄的討論中進行說明。 放棄的討論已結束。
- 『『Tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho udāyissa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ detū』』tiādinā nayena pāḷiyaṃ anekehi ākārehi parivāso ca mānattañca vuttaṃ. Tassa yasmā āgatāgataṭṭhāne vinicchayo vuccamāno pāḷi viya ativitthāraṃ āpajjati, na ca sakkā hoti sukhena pariggahetuṃ, tasmā naṃ samodhānetvā idheva dassayissāma.
Ayañhi idha adhippeto parivāso nāma – paṭicchannaparivāso, suddhantaparivāso, samodhānaparivāsoti tividho hoti. Tattha paṭicchannaparivāso tāva yathāpaṭicchannāya āpattiyā dātabbo . Kassaci hi ekāhapaṭicchannā āpatti hoti yathā ayaṃ udāyittherassa, kassaci dvīhādipaṭicchannā yathā parato āgatā udāyittherasseva, kassaci ekā āpatti hoti yathā ayaṃ, kassaci dve tisso tatuttari vā yathā parato āgatā, tasmā paṭicchannaparivāsaṃ dentena paṭhamaṃ tāva paṭicchannabhāvo jānitabbo.
Ayañhi āpatti nāma dasahākārehi paṭicchannā hoti. Tatthāyaṃ mātikā – āpatti ca hoti āpattisaññī ca, pakatatto ca hoti pakatattasaññī ca, anantarāyiko ca hoti anantarāyikasaññī ca, pahu ca hoti pahusaññī ca, chādetukāmo ca hoti chādeti cāti.
Tattha āpatti ca hoti āpattisaññī cāti yaṃ āpanno, sā āpattiyeva hoti. Sopi ca tattha āpattisaññīyeva. Iti jānanto chādeti, channāva hoti. Atha panāyaṃ tattha anāpattisaññī, acchannā hoti, anāpatti pana āpattisaññāyapi anāpattisaññāyapi chādentenāpi acchāditāva hoti. Lahukaṃ vā garukāti garukaṃ vā lahukāti chādeti, alajjipakkhe tiṭṭhati, āpatti pana acchannā hoti. Garukaṃ lahukāti maññamāno deseti, neva desitā hoti, na channā. Garukaṃ garukāti ñatvā chādeti, channā hoti. Garukalahukabhāvaṃ na jānāti, āpattiṃ chādemīti chādeti, channāva hoti.
Pakatattoti tividhaṃ ukkhepanīyakammaṃ akato – so ce pakatattasaññī hutvā chādeti, channā hoti. Atha 『『mayhaṃ saṅghena kammaṃ kata』』nti apakatattasaññī hutvā chādeti, acchannā hoti. Apakatattena pakatattasaññinā vā apakatattasaññinā vā chāditāpi acchannāva hoti. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
『『Āpajjati garukaṃ sāvasesaṃ,
Chādeti anādariyaṃ paṭicca;
Na bhikkhunī no ca phuseyya vajjaṃ,
Pañhā mesā kusalehi cintitā』』ti. (pari. 481);
Ayañhi pañho ukkhittakena kathito.
Anantarāyikoti yassa dasasu antarāyesu ekopi natthi, so ce anantarāyikasaññī hutvā chādeti, channā hoti. Sacepi so bhīrukajātikatāya andhakāre amanussacaṇḍamigabhayena antarāyikasaññī hutvā chādeti, acchannāva hoti. Yassa hi pabbatavihāre vasantassa kandaraṃ vā nadiṃ vā atikkamitvā ārocetabbaṃ hoti, antarāmagge ca caṇḍavāḷaamanussādibhayaṃ atthi, magge ajagarā nipajjanti, nadī pūrā hoti, ekasmiṃ pana satiyeva antarāye antarāyikasaññī hutvā chādeti, acchannāva hoti. Antarāyikassa pana antarāyikasaññāya vā anantarāyikasaññāya vā chādayato acchannāva hoti.
"那麼,尊者們,僧團應給予優陀夷比丘一個有意識的遺精過失,一天被遮蔽,一天的隨伴期"等方式,在經典中以多種方式說明了隨伴期和懲罰。由於在每個來往地點的判斷說明會像經典一樣過於詳細,且不易輕易掌握,因此我們將在此處總結說明。 此處所指的隨伴期有三種:被遮蔽的隨伴期、清凈的隨伴期、合併的隨伴期。其中,被遮蔽的隨伴期首先應按照被遮蔽的過失給予。例如,有人有一天被遮蔽的過失,如優陀夷長老;有人有兩天或更多天被遮蔽的過失,如後來者;有人有一個過失,如此處;有人有兩個、三個或更多過失,如後來者。因此,給予被遮蔽的隨伴期時,首先應瞭解被遮蔽的情況。 過失可以通過十種方式被遮蔽。其中,標題是:是過失且知道是過失,是原住者且知道是原住者,無障礙且知道無障礙,有能力且知道有能力,願意遮蔽且確實遮蔽。 其中,是過失且知道是過失,即犯了過失。在那裡,他確實知道是過失。這樣知道后遮蔽,就是被遮蔽。如果在那裡不知道是過失,就是未被遮蔽,無論知道是否是過失,遮蔽與否,都是未遮蔽。輕微還是嚴重地遮蔽,站在不羞愧的一方,過失仍是未遮蔽。認為輕微是嚴重或相反而揭示,既未揭示也未遮蔽。知道是嚴重的而遮蔽,就是被遮蔽。不知道輕重,意圖遮蔽過失,仍是被遮蔽。 原住者是指未受到停職懲罰。如果知道自己是原住者而遮蔽,就是被遮蔽。如果認為"僧團未對我執行懲罰"而遮蔽,就是未遮蔽。無論是原住者、非原住者遮蔽,都是未遮蔽。如經典所說: "犯下嚴重的有餘過失, 因不敬而遮蔽; 比丘尼不應觸及過失, 這是智者思考的問題。" 這個問題是由被停職者提出的。 無障礙是指在十種障礙中沒有一個。如果知道無障礙而遮蔽,就是被遮蔽。即使因膽小本性,因黑暗、非人、野獸的恐懼而認為有障礙而遮蔽,仍是未遮蔽。對於在山中寺院居住的人,必須越過山洞或河流通知,途中有野獸、非人等恐懼,道路上有蛇躺臥,河流泛濫,只有一個障礙時,認為有障礙而遮蔽,仍是未遮蔽。對於有障礙者,無論知道有障礙與否遮蔽,都是未遮蔽。
Pahūti yo sakkoti bhikkhuno santikaṃ gantuñceva ārocetuñca; so ce pahusaññī hutvā chādeti, channā hoti. Sacassa mukhe appamattako gaṇḍo vā hoti, hanukavāto vā vijjhati, danto vā rujjati, bhikkhā vā mandā laddhā hoti, tāvatakena pana neva vattuṃ na sakkoti na gantuṃ; apica kho na sakkomīti saññī hoti, ayaṃ pahu hutvā appahusaññī nāma. Iminā chāditāpi acchāditā. Appahunā pana vattuṃ vā gantuṃ vā asamatthena pahusaññinā vā appahusaññinā vā chāditā hotu, acchāditāva.
Chādetukāmo ca hoti chādeti cāti idaṃ uttānatthameva. Sace pana chādessāmīti dhuranikkhepaṃ katvā purebhatte vā pacchābhatte vā paṭhamayāmādīsu vā lajjidhammaṃ okkamitvā antoaruṇeyeva āroceti, ayaṃ chādetukāmo na chādeti nāma.
Yassa pana abhikkhuke ṭhāne vasantassa āpattiṃ āpajjitvā sabhāgassa bhikkhuno āgamanaṃ āgamentassa sabhāgasantikaṃ vā gacchantassa addhamāsopi māsopi atikkamati, ayaṃ na chādetukāmo chādeti nāma, ayampi acchannāva hoti.
Yo pana āpannamattova aggiṃ akkantapuriso viya sahasā apakkamitvā sabhāgaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā āvi karoti, ayaṃ na chādetukāmova na chādeti nāma. Sace pana sabhāgaṃ disvāpi 『『ayaṃ me upajjhāyo vā ācariyo vā』』ti lajjāya nāroceti, channāva hoti āpatti. Upajjhāyādibhāvo hi idha appamāṇaṃ averisabhāgamattameva pamāṇaṃ, tasmā averisabhāgassa santike ārocetabbā.
Yo pana visabhāgo hoti sutvā pakāsetukāmo, evarūpassa upajjhāyassāpi santike na ārocetabbā. Tattha purebhattaṃ vā āpattiṃ āpanno hotu pacchābhattaṃ vā, divā vā rattiṃ vā yāva aruṇaṃ na uggacchati tāva ārocetabbaṃ. Uddhaste aruṇe paṭicchannā hoti, paṭicchādanapaccayā ca dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati. Sabhāgasaṅghādisesaṃ āpannassa pana santike āvi kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sace āvi karoti, āpatti āvikatā hoti, dukkaṭā pana na muccati, tasmā suddhassa santike āvikātabbā. Āvikaronto ca 『『tuyhaṃ santike ekaṃ āpattiṃ āvikaromī』』ti vā 『『ācikkhāmī』』ti vā 『『ārocemī』』ti vā 『『mama ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpannabhāvaṃ jānāhī』』ti vā vadatu, 『『ekaṃ garukāpattiṃ āvikaromī』』tiādinā vā nayena vadatu, sabbehipi ākārehi appaṭicchannāva hotīti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Sace pana lahukāpattiṃ āvikaromītiādinā nayena vadati, paṭicchannā hoti, vatthuṃ āroceti, āpattiṃ āroceti, ubhayaṃ āroceti, tividhenāpi ārocitāva hoti. Iti imāni dasa kāraṇāni upalakkhetvā paṭicchannaparivāsaṃ dentena paṭhamameva paṭicchannabhāvo jānitabbo.
Tato paṭicchannadivase ca āpattiyo ca sallakkhetvā sace ekāhapaṭicchannā hoti – 『『ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ ekāhapaṭicchanna』』nti evaṃ yācāpetvā idha vuttanayeneva kammavācaṃ vatvā parivāso dātabbo. Atha dvīhatīhādipaṭicchannā hoti, dvīhapaṭicchannaṃ tīhapaṭicchannaṃ catūhapaṭicchannaṃ pañcāhapaṭicchannaṃ chāhapaṭicchannaṃ sattāhapaṭicchannaṃ aṭṭhāhapaṭicchannaṃ navāhapaṭicchannaṃ dasāhapaṭicchannaṃ ekādasāhapaṭicchannaṃ dvādasāhapaacchannaṃ terasāhapaṭicchannaṃ cuddasāhapaṭicchannanti evaṃ yāva cuddasa divasāni divasavasena yojanā kātabbā. Pañcadasa divasāni paṭicchannāya pakkhapaṭicchannanti vatvā yojanā kātabbā. Tato yāva ekūnatiṃsatimo divaso, tāva atirekapakkhapaṭicchannanti.
有能力是指能夠前往比丘處並通知。如果知道有能力而遮蔽,就是被遮蔽。如果他嘴裡有輕微的傷口,或有頰部氣痛,或牙齒受損,或獲得的食物很少,以至於無法說話或前往;但認為"我無法",這被稱為有能力但不知道有能力。即使這樣遮蔽,仍是未遮蔽。無論是無法說話或前往,且知道有能力或不知道有能力,仍是未遮蔽。 "願意遮蔽且確實遮蔽"這一點意義明確。如果打算遮蔽,在正餐前或正餐后,或在初更時分,進入羞愧狀態,在黎明前通知,這不叫願意遮蔽且遮蔽。 對於在人數不足的地方居住,犯過失后,直到同類比丘到來,或前往同類比丘處,半月或一月過去,這被稱為不願遮蔽而遮蔽,仍是未遮蔽。 凡是犯過失后,像突然闖入火中的人一樣迅速離開,前往同類地方公開,這不叫不願遮蔽且不遮蔽。如果看到同類后,因看到自己的老師或導師而因羞愧不通知,過失就是被遮蔽。這裡的老師等身份不重要,只要是非敵對同類即可,因此應在非敵對同類面前通知。 如果是非同類,聽到后想揭示,即使在這樣的老師面前也不應通知。無論是在正餐前或正餐后,白天或夜晚,直到黎明未升起,都應通知。黎明升起后就是被遮蔽,因遮蔽而犯輕罪。對於同類的僧團之類的過失,不應公開。如果公開,過失就被揭示,但仍不能免除輕罪,因此應在清凈者面前揭示。揭示時應說:"我在你面前揭示一個過失",或"我告訴你",或"我通知你",或"請知道我犯了一個過失",或說"我揭示一個嚴重過失"等,根據古註釋,以所有方式都是未遮蔽。但如果說"我揭示一個輕微過失",就是被遮蔽,無論是揭示情況、揭示過失,還是兩者兼揭示,都是被遮蔽。這樣,通過考察這十種原因,給予被遮蔽的隨伴期時,首先應瞭解被遮蔽的情況。 然後,在被遮蔽的日子裡,考慮過失,如果是一天被遮蔽,應這樣請求:"尊者,我犯了一個有意識的遺精過失,一天被遮蔽",然後按此處所述方式宣告並給予隨伴期。如果是兩天、三天等被遮蔽,應按天數從兩天到十四天進行安排。對於十五天被遮蔽,應說為半月被遮蔽。從那時起直到第二十九天,都是超過半月被遮蔽。
Tato māsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekamāsapaṭicchannaṃ dvemāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekadvemāsapaṭicchannaṃ temāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekatemāsapaṭicchannaṃ catumāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekacatumāsapaṭicchannaṃ pañcamāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekapañcamāsapaṭicchannaṃ chamāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekachamāsapaṭicchannaṃ sattamāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekasattamāsapaṭicchannaṃ aṭṭhamāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekaaṭṭhamāsapaṭicchannaṃ navamāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekanavamāsapaṭicchannaṃ dasamāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekadasamāsapaṭicchannaṃ ekādasamāsapaṭicchannaṃ atirekaekādasamāsapaṭicchannanti evaṃ yojanā kātabbā. Saṃvacchare paripuṇṇe ekasaṃvaccharapaṭicchannanti. Tato paraṃ atirekaekasaṃvacchara… dvesaṃvacchara… atirekadvesaṃvacchara… tisaṃvacchara… atiraketisaṃvacchara… catusaṃvacchara… atirekacatusaṃvacchara… pañcasaṃvacchara… atirekapañcasaṃvaccharapaṭicchannanti evaṃ yāva saṭṭhisaṃvacchara… atirekasaṭṭhisaṃvaccharapaṭicchannanti vā tato vā bhiyyopi vatvā yojanā kātabbā.
Sace pana dve tisso tatuttari vā āpattiyo honti, yathā idha ekaṃ āpattinti vuttaṃ; evaṃ dve āpattiyo tisso āpattiyoti vattabbaṃ. Tato paraṃ pana sataṃ vā hotu sahassaṃ vā, sambahulāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Nānāvatthukāsupi 『『ahaṃ, bhante, sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjiṃ – ekaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ, ekaṃ kāyasaṃsaggaṃ, ekaṃ duṭṭhullavācaṃ, ekaṃ attakāmaṃ, ekaṃ sañcarittaṃ, ekāhapaṭicchannāyo』』ti evaṃ gaṇanavasena vā 『『ahaṃ, bhante, sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjiṃ nānāvatthukāyo ekāhapaṭicchannāyo』』ti evaṃ vatthukittanavasena vā, 『『ahaṃ, bhante, sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjiṃ ekāhapaṭicchannāyo』』ti evaṃ nāmamattavasena vā yojanā kātabbā.
Tattha nāmaṃ duvidhaṃ – sajātisādhāraṇañca sabbasādhāraṇañca. Tattha saṅghādisesoti sajātisādhāraṇaṃ, āpattīti sabbasādhāraṇaṃ; tasmā 『『sambahulā āpattiyo āpajjiṃ ekāhapaṭicchannāyo』』ti evaṃ sabbasādhāraṇanāmavasenapi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Idañhi sabbampi parivāsādikaṃ vinayakammaṃ vatthuvasena gottavasena nāmavasena āpattivasena ca kātuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva.
Tattha 『『sukkavissaṭṭhī』』ti vatthu ceva gottañca. 『『Saṅghādiseso』』ti nāmañceva āpatti ca. 『『Kāyasaṃsaggo』』ti vatthu ceva gottañca. 『『Saṅghādiseso』』ti nāmañceva āpatti ca, tattha 『『sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ kāyasaṃsagga』』ntiādinā vacanenāpi 『『nānāvatthukāyo』』ti vacanenāpi vatthu ceva gottañca gahitaṃ hoti. 『『Saṅghādiseso』』ti vacanenāpi 『『āpattiyo』』ti vacanenāpi nāmañceva āpatti ca gahitā hoti. Idha pana ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ sañcetanikaṃ 『『sukkavissaṭṭhi』』nti nāmampi vatthugottānipi gahitāneva. Yathā ca idha 『『ayaṃ udāyi bhikkhū』』ti vuttaṃ; evaṃ yo yo āpanno hoti, tassa tassa nāmaṃ gahetvā 『『ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhū』』ti kammavācā kātabbā.
然後,應按照以下方式安排:一個月被遮蔽,超過一個月被遮蔽,兩個月被遮蔽,超過兩個月被遮蔽,三個月被遮蔽,超過三個月被遮蔽,四個月被遮蔽,超過四個月被遮蔽,五個月被遮蔽,超過五個月被遮蔽,六個月被遮蔽,超過六個月被遮蔽,七個月被遮蔽,超過七個月被遮蔽,八個月被遮蔽,超過八個月被遮蔽,九個月被遮蔽,超過九個月被遮蔽,十個月被遮蔽,超過十個月被遮蔽,十一個月被遮蔽,超過十一個月被遮蔽。一年完整時,稱為一年被遮蔽。此後,可以按照超過一年、兩年、超過兩年、三年、超過三年、四年、超過四年、五年、超過五年,直到六十年、超過六十年,或更多進行安排。 如果有兩個、三個或更多過失,就像此處說的一個過失一樣;可以說兩個過失、三個過失。此後,無論是百個還是千個,都可以說"多個"。即使是不同事由的過失,也可以這樣說:"尊者,我犯了多個僧殘過失——一個遺精,一個身體接觸,一個粗惡語言,一個自我滿足,一個不當行為,一天被遮蔽",可以按數量或事由或僅按名稱進行安排。 在這裡,名稱有兩種:同類共同的和全體共同的。其中,"僧殘"是同類共同的,"過失"是全體共同的;因此可以說"我犯了多個過失,一天被遮蔽"。這全部的隨伴期等儀式都可以按照事由、氏族、名稱、過失進行。 在這裡,"遺精"是事由和氏族。"僧殘"是名稱和過失。"身體接觸"是事由和氏族。"僧殘"是名稱和過失。通過"遺精、身體接觸"等說法,以及"不同事由"的說法,事由和氏族都被包括。通過"僧殘"和"過失"的說法,名稱和過失都被包括。在這裡,犯了一個有意識的"遺精"過失,名稱、事由和氏族都被包括。就像這裡說"這位優陀夷比丘"一樣,對於每個犯過失者,都應取其名字,說"這位某某比丘"並進行儀式宣告。
Kammavācāpariyosāne ca tena bhikkhunā māḷakasīmāyameva 『『parivāsaṃ samādiyāmi, vattaṃ samādiyāmī』』ti vuttanayeneva vattaṃ samādātabbaṃ . Samādiyitvā tattheva saṅghassa ārocetabbaṃ, ārocentena ca evaṃ ārocetabbaṃ –
『『Ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ ekāhapaṭicchannaṃ, sohaṃ saṅghaṃ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ yāciṃ, tassa me saṅgho ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ adāsi, sohaṃ parivasāmi – 『vedayāmahaṃ, bhante, vedayatī』ti maṃ saṅgho dhāretū』』ti.
Imañca panatthaṃ gahetvā yāya kāyaci bhāsāya ārocetuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Ārocetvā sace nikkhipitukāmo, vuttanayeneva saṅghamajjhe nikkhipitabbaṃ. Māḷakato bhikkhūsu nikkhantesu ekassāpi santike nikkhipituṃ vaṭṭati. Māḷakato nikkhamitvā satiṃ paṭilabhantena sahagacchantassa santike nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace sopi pakkanto, aññassa yassa māḷake nārocitaṃ, tassa ārocetvā nikkhipitabbaṃ. Ārocentena ca avasāne 『『vedayatīti maṃ āyasmā dhāretū』』ti vattabbaṃ. Dvinnaṃ ārocentena 『『āyasmantā dhārentū』』ti, tiṇṇaṃ ārocentena 『『āyasmanto dhārentū』』ti vattabbaṃ. Nikkhittakālato paṭṭhāya pakatattaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati.
Sace appabhikkhuko vihāro hoti, sabhāgā bhikkhū vasanti, vattaṃ anikkhipitvā vihāreyeva rattipariggaho kātabbo. Atha na sakkā sodhetuṃ, vuttanayeneva vattaṃ nikkhipitvā paccūsasamaye ekena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ mānattavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva upacārasīmaṃ atikkamitvā mahāmaggā okkamma paṭicchanne ṭhāne nisīditvā antoaruṇeyeva vuttanayeneva vattaṃ samādiyitvā tassa bhikkhuno parivāso ārocetabbo. Ārocentena sace navakataro hoti, 『『āvuso』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace vuḍḍhataro, 『『bhante』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace añño koci bhikkhu kenacideva karaṇīyena taṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati, sace esa taṃ passati, saddaṃ vāssa suṇāti, ārocetabbaṃ; anārocentassa ratticchedo ceva vattabhedo ca. Atha dvādasahatthaṃ upacāraṃ okkamitvā ajānantasseva gacchati, ratticchedoyeva hoti, vattabhedo pana natthi.
Uggate aruṇe vattaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace so bhikkhu kenacideva karaṇīyena pakkanto hoti, yaṃ aññaṃ sabbapaṭhamaṃ passati, tassa ārocetvā nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace pana kañci na passati, vihāraṃ gantvā attanā saddhiṃ gatabhikkhussa santike nikkhipitabbanti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero pana 『『yaṃ paṭhamaṃ passati, tassa ārocetvā nikkhipitabbaṃ, ayaṃ nikkhittavattassa parihāro』』ti āha.
在儀式宣告結束時,該比丘應在界限範圍內按照之前的方式說"我接受隨伴期,我接受行為規則"。接受后,應在同一地方告知僧團,告知時應如下說: "尊者,我犯了一個有意識的遺精過失,一天被遮蔽。我請求僧團給予一天的有意識遺精過失的一天隨伴期。僧團已給予我一天的有意識遺精過失的一天隨伴期。我正在履行隨伴期——請僧團記住我說'我正在承受'。" 可以用任何語言告知。如果想放棄,應按照之前的方式在僧團中間放棄。即使比丘們已從界限範圍離開,在任何一位比丘面前放棄也是可以的。從界限範圍離開並恢復意識后,應在同行者面前放棄。如果同行者也已離開,應告知另一個在界限範圍內未被告知的人後放棄。告知時,最後應說"請尊者記住我說'正在承受'"。如果是兩人告知,應說"尊者們請記住";如果是三人告知,應說"尊者們請記住"。從放棄時刻起,他將站在原住者的位置。 如果寺院比丘人數很少,同類比丘居住其中,不放棄行為規則,應在寺院內過夜。如果無法凈化,應按照之前的方式放棄行為規則,在黎明時分與一位比丘一起,按照懲罰解釋中說明的方式,越過界限範圍,離開大道,在隱蔽處就座,在黎明前按之前的方式接受行為規則,並告知該比丘的隨伴期。告知時,如果是新來者,應說"朋友";如果是年長者,應說"尊者"。如果另一位比丘因某事來到那裡,如果看到他或聽到他的聲音,就應告知;不告知則中斷夜晚和行為規則。如果進入十二肘界限範圍內且不被察覺而離開,則僅中斷夜晚,不中斷行為規則。 黎明升起時應放棄行為規則。如果該比丘因某事離開,應告知他首先看到的人後放棄。如果沒有看到任何人,大須摩長老說應去寺院,在與自己一起去的比丘面前放棄。大蓮花長老則說:"應告知首先看到的人,這是放棄行為規則者的補救。"
Evaṃ yattakāni divasāni āpatti paṭicchannā hoti, tattakāni tato adhikatarāni vā kukkuccavinodanatthāya parivasitvā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vattaṃ samādiyitvā mānattaṃ yācitabbaṃ. Ayañhi vatte samādinne eva mānattāraho hoti nikkhittavattena parivutthattā. Anikkhittavattassa pana puna samādānakiccaṃ natthi, so hi paṭicchannadivasātikkameneva mānattāraho hoti, tasmā tassa mānattaṃ dātabbameva. Idaṃ paṭicchannamānattaṃ nāma. Taṃ dentena sace ekāpatti hoti , pāḷiyaṃ vuttanayeneva dātabbaṃ. Atha dve vā tisso vā 『『sohaṃ parivutthaparivāso saṅghaṃ dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ tissannaṃ āpattīnaṃ ekāhapaṭicchannānaṃ chārattaṃ mānattaṃ yācāmī』』ti parivāse vuttanayeneva āpattiyo ca divase ca sallakkhetvā yojanā kātabbā.
Appaṭicchannāpattiṃ paṭicchannāpattiyā samodhānetvāpi dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Kathaṃ? Paṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ vasitvā –
『『Ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ ekāhapaṭicchannaṃ, sohaṃ saṅghaṃ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ yāciṃ, tassa me saṅgho ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ adāsi, sohaṃ parivutthaparivāso . Ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ appaṭicchannaṃ. Sohaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ tāsaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ yācāmī』』ti.
Athassa tadanurūpaṃ kammavācaṃ katvā mānattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Sace paṭicchannā dve, appaṭicchannā ekā 『『paṭicchannānañca appaṭicchannāya cā』』ti vattabbaṃ. Atha paṭicchannā ekā, appaṭicchannā dve, 『『paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannānañcā』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace paṭicchannāpi dve, appaṭicchannāpi dve, 『『paṭicchannānañca appaṭicchannānañcā』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sabbattha anurūpaṃ kammavācaṃ katvā mānattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Ciṇṇamānattassa ca tadanurūpameva kammavācaṃ katvā abbhānaṃ kātabbaṃ. Idha pana ekāpattivasena vuttaṃ. Iti yaṃ paṭicchannāya āpattiyā parivāsāvasāne mānattaṃ diyyati, idaṃ paṭicchannamānattaṃ nāma. Evamettha ekeneva yojanāmukhena paṭicchannaparivāso ca paṭicchannamānattañca vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Pakkhamānattaṃ samodhānamānattañca avasesaparivāsakathāvasāne kathayissāma.
Suddhantaparivāso samodhānaparivāsoti hi dve parivāsā avasesā. Tattha 『『suddhantaparivāso』』 nāma parato adhammikamānattacārāvasāne 『『tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpanno hoti, āpattipariyantaṃ na jānāti, rattipariyantaṃ na jānātī』』ti imasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaparivāso. So duvidho – cūḷasuddhanto, mahāsuddhantoti. Duvidhopi cesa rattiparicchedaṃ sakalaṃ vā ekaccaṃ vā ajānantassa ca assarantassa ca tattha vematikassa ca dātabbo. Āpattipariyantaṃ pana ettakā ahaṃ āpattiyo āpannoti jānātu vā mā vā, akāraṇametaṃ.
如此,若有多少天的過失被遮蔽,若要解除更多的過失,必須在僧團中請求行為規則並接受。因為在接受行為規則后,只有在被遮蔽的情況下才能請求。若未被遮蔽,則沒有再次接受的義務,因而只需在被遮蔽的天數內請求。因此,這被稱為被遮蔽的請求。若有一個過失,則應按照巴利文所述的方式給予請求。如果有兩個或三個過失,應說:「我請求僧團給予我因兩個或三個過失而被遮蔽的一天隨伴期。」應在請求中考慮過失和天數。 對於未被遮蔽的過失,可以與被遮蔽的過失合併請求。如何請求?在被遮蔽的一天內, 「尊者,我犯了一個有意識的遺精過失,一天被遮蔽。我請求僧團給予我因一個有意識的遺精過失而被遮蔽的一天隨伴期。僧團已給予我因一個有意識的遺精過失而被遮蔽的一天隨伴期。我正在履行隨伴期。尊者,我犯了一個有意識的遺精過失,未被遮蔽。我請求僧團給予我因這些過失而被遮蔽和未被遮蔽的請求。」 然後,應根據情況給予適當的請求。如果有兩個被遮蔽的過失和一個未被遮蔽的過失,應說「被遮蔽的和未被遮蔽的」。如果有一個被遮蔽的過失和兩個未被遮蔽的過失,應說「被遮蔽的和未被遮蔽的」。如果有兩個被遮蔽的過失和兩個未被遮蔽的過失,應說「被遮蔽的和未被遮蔽的」。在所有情況下,應給予適當的請求。對於被遮蔽的請求,應根據情況給予適當的請求。 在這裡,關於被遮蔽的請求,若在被遮蔽的情況下,給予請求的方式應如前所述。這被稱為被遮蔽的請求。如此,單一的請求和被遮蔽的請求應被理解為相同。關於未被遮蔽的請求和合並請求,我們將在後面的討論中說明。 清凈的隨伴期和合並的隨伴期是兩個不同的隨伴期。這裡的「清凈的隨伴期」是指在不合法的請求中,有一位比丘因多個僧殘過失而被遮蔽,他不知過失的範圍,也不知夜晚的範圍。這個隨伴期又分為兩種——小清凈和大清凈。如果是小清凈或大清凈,若有關於夜晚的限制,應給予請求。若知曉過失的範圍,我已犯了這些過失。
Tattha yo upasampadato paṭṭhāya anulomakkamena vā ārocitadivasato paṭṭhāya paṭilomakkamena vā 『『asukañca asukañca divasaṃ vā pakkhaṃ vā māsaṃ vā saṃvaccharaṃ vā tava suddhabhāvaṃ jānāsī』』ti pucchiyamāno 『『āma, bhante, jānāmi, ettakaṃ nāma kālaṃ ahaṃ suddho』』ti vadati, tassa dinno suddhantaparivāso 『『cūḷasuddhanto』』ti vuccati.
Taṃ gahetvā parivasantena yattakaṃ kālaṃ attano suddhiṃ jānāti, tattakaṃ apanetvā avasesaṃ māsaṃ vā dvemāsaṃ vā parivasitabbaṃ. Sace māsamattaṃ asuddhomhīti sallakkhetvā aggahesi parivasanto ca puna aññaṃ māsaṃ sarati, tampi māsaṃ parivasitabbameva. Puna parivāsadānakiccaṃ natthi. Atha dvemāsaṃ asuddhomhīti sallakkhetvā aggahesi, parivasanto ca māsamattamevāhaṃ asuddhomhīti sanniṭṭhānaṃ karoti, māsameva parivasitabbaṃ. Puna parivāsadānakiccaṃ natthi. Ayañhi suddhantaparivāso nāma uddhampi ārohati, heṭṭhāpi orohati, idamassa lakkhaṇaṃ. Aññasmiṃ pana āpattivuṭṭhāne idaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ – yo appaṭicchannaṃ āpattiṃ paṭicchannāti vinayakammaṃ karoti, tassa āpatti vuṭṭhāti. Yo paṭicchannaṃ appaṭicchannāti vinayakammaṃ karoti, tassa na vuṭṭhāti. Acirapaṭicchannaṃ cirapaṭicchannāti karontassāpi vuṭṭhāti. Cirapaṭicchannaṃ acirapaṭicchannāti karontassa na vuṭṭhāti. Ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā sambahulāti karontassāpi vuṭṭhāti, ekaṃ vinā sambahulānaṃ abhāvato. Sambahulā pana āpajjitvā ekaṃ āpajjinti karontassa na vuṭṭhāti.
Yo pana yathāvuttena anulomapaṭilomanayena pucchiyamānopi rattipariyantaṃ na jānāti neva sarati vematiko vā hoti, tassa dinno suddhantaparivāso 『『mahāsuddhanto』』ti vuccati. Taṃ gahetvā gahitadivasato paṭṭhāya yāva upasampadadivaso, tāva rattiyo gaṇetvā parivasitabbaṃ. Ayaṃ uddhaṃ nārohati, heṭṭhā pana orohati. Tasmā sace parivasanto rattiparicchede sanniṭṭhānaṃ karoti, māso vā saṃvaccharo vā mayhaṃ āpannassāti māsaṃ vā saṃvaccharaṃ vā parivasitabbaṃ. Parivāsayācanadānalakkhaṇaṃ panettha parato pāḷiyaṃ āgatanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Kammavācāpariyosāne vattasamādānamānattaabbhānāni vuttanayāneva. Ayaṃ suddhantaparivāso nāma.
『『Samodhānaparivāso』』 nāma tividho hoti – odhānasamodhāno, agghasamodhāno, missakasamodhānoti. Tattha 『『odhānasamodhāno』』 nāma – antarāpattiṃ āpajjitvā paṭicchādentassa parivutthadivase odhunitvā makkhetvā purimāya āpattiyā mūladivasaparicchede pacchā āpannaṃ āpattiṃ samodahitvā dātabbaparivāso vuccati. So parato 『『tena hi bhikkhave saṅgho udāyiṃ bhikkhuṃ antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā pañcāhapaṭicchannāya mūlāya paṭikassitvā purimāya āpattiyā samodhānaparivāsaṃ detū』』ti ito paṭṭhāya vitthārato pāḷiyaṃyeva āgato.
在這裡,從受具足戒開始,或從告知的日期開始,按順序或逆序,被問及:"你是否知道從某日、某周、某月或某年你的清凈狀態?"若回答:"是的,尊者,我知道,我清凈了這麼長時間",則給予的隨伴期稱為"小清凈"。 接受后,他應計算自己知道清凈的時間,扣除這段時間后,剩餘的一個月或兩個月應繼續隨伴期。如果他認為自己不清凈一個月,並在隨伴期間又想起另一個月,那麼這個月也應繼續隨伴期。不再需要給予隨伴期。如果他認為自己不清凈兩個月,但在隨伴期間僅認為自己不清凈一個月,則應只履行一個月的隨伴期。不再需要給予隨伴期。這就是清凈隨伴期,它既可以上升,也可以下降。這是其特徵。 在另一個過失解脫中,其特徵是:若將未被遮蔽的過失遮蔽,則進行儀式;若將被遮蔽的過失未被遮蔽,則儀式無效。若最近被遮蔽的過失被視為長期遮蔽,則儀式有效;若長期被遮蔽的過失被視為最近遮蔽,則儀式無效。若犯一個過失后又犯多個,則儀式有效;若沒有多個過失,則無效。若犯多個過失后又犯一個,則儀式無效。 若按上述順序和逆序被問及,但不知道夜晚的範圍,不記得,或存在疑慮,則給予的隨伴期稱為"大清凈"。接受后,從接受日期開始,直到受具足戒日,應計算夜晚數量並履行隨伴期。這不能上升,但可以下降。因此,若在隨伴期間確定夜晚範圍,可以履行一個月或一年的隨伴期。關於隨伴期的請求和給予,應按照後續巴利文的方式理解。儀式宣告結束時的行為接受、懲罰和解脫,應按照之前的方式進行。這就是清凈隨伴期。 "合併隨伴期"有三種:基本合併、價值合併和混合合併。其中"基本合併"是指:在過失之間犯過失,並在已履行的隨伴期日遮蔽,然後將後來犯的過失與先前過失的基本日期合併后給予的隨伴期。這在後續巴利文中詳細說明,從"比丘們,僧團應給優陀夷比丘在一個有意識的遺精過失中五天被遮蔽的基本隨伴期"開始。
Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo – yo paṭicchannāya āpattiyā parivāsaṃ gahetvā parivasanto vā mānattāraho vā mānattaṃ caranto vā abbhānāraho vā aññaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā purimāya āpattiyā samā vā ūnatarā vā rattiyo paṭicchādeti, tassa mūlāyapaṭikassanena te parivutthadivase ca mānattaciṇṇadivase ca sabbe odhunitvā adivase katvā pacchā āpannāpattiṃ mūlāpattiyaṃ samodhāya parivāso dātabbo. Tena sace mūlāpatti pakkhapaṭicchannā, antarāpatti ūnakapakkhapaṭicchannā, puna pakkhameva parivāso parivasitabbo. Athāpi antarāpatti pakkhapaṭicchannāva pakkhameva parivasitabbaṃ. Etenupāyena yāva saṭṭhivassapaṭicchannā mūlāpatti, tāva vinicchayo veditabbo. Saṭṭhivassāni parivasitvā mānattāraho hutvāpi hi ekadivasaṃ antarāpattiṃ paṭicchādetvā punapi saṭṭhivassāni parivāsāraho hoti.
Sace pana antarāpatti mūlāpattito atirekapaṭicchannā hoti, tattha 『『kiṃ kātabba』』nti vutte mahāsumatthero āha – 『『atekiccho ayaṃ puggalo, atekiccho nāma āvikārāpetvā vissajjetabbo』』ti. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – 『『kasmā atekiccho nāma, nanu ayaṃ samuccayakkhandhako nāma buddhānaṃ ṭhitakālasadiso, āpatti nāma paṭicchannā vā hotu appaṭicchannā vā samakaūnataraatirekapaṭicchannā vā vinayadharassa kammavācaṃ yojetuṃ samatthabhāvoyevettha pamāṇaṃ, tasmā yā atirekapaṭicchannā hoti, taṃ mūlāpattiṃ katvā tattha itaraṃ samodhāya parivāso dātabbo』』ti. Ayaṃ 『『odhānasamodhāno』』 nāma.
『『Agghasamodhāno』』 nāma sambahulāsu āpattīsu yā ekā vā dve vā tisso vā sambahulā vā āpattiyo sabbacirapaṭicchannāyo, tāsaṃ agghena samodhāya tāsaṃ rattiparicchedavasena avasesānaṃ ūnatarapaṭicchannānaṃ āpattīnaṃ parivāso diyyati. Ayaṃ vuccati agghasamodhāno. Sopi parato 『『tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpanno hoti, ekā āpatti ekāhapaṭicchannā ekā āpatti dvīhapaṭicchannā』』tiādinā nayena pāḷiyaṃ āgatoyeva.
Yassa pana sataṃ āpattiyo dasāhapaṭicchannā, aparampi sataṃ āpattiyo dasāhapaṭicchannāti evaṃ dasakkhattuṃ katvā āpattisahassaṃ divasasatapaṭicchannaṃ hoti, tena kiṃ kātabbanti? Sabbaṃ samodahitvā dasa divase parivasitabbaṃ. Evaṃ ekeneva dasāhena divasasatampi parivasitameva hoti. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
『『Dasasataṃ rattisataṃ, āpattiyo chādayitvāna;
Dasa rattiyo vasitvāna, mucceyya pārivāsiko』』ti. (pari. 477);
Ayaṃ agghasamodhāno nāma.
『『Missakasamodhāno』』 nāma – yo nānāvatthukā āpattiyo ekato katvā diyyati. Tatrāyaṃ nayo –
『『Ahaṃ, bhante, sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjiṃ ekaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ, ekaṃ kāyasaṃsaggaṃ, ekaṃ duṭṭhullavācaṃ, ekaṃ attakāmaṃ, ekaṃ sañcarittaṃ, ekaṃ kuṭikāraṃ, ekaṃ vihārakāraṃ, ekaṃ duṭṭhadosaṃ, ekaṃ aññabhāgiyaṃ, ekaṃ saṅghabhedaṃ, ekaṃ bhedānuvattakaṃ, ekaṃ dubbacaṃ, ekaṃ kuladūsakaṃ, sohaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ tāsaṃ āpattīnaṃ samodhānaparivāsaṃ yācāmī』』ti –
Tikkhattuṃ yācāpetvā tadanurūpāya kammavācāya parivāso dātabbo.
這裡的裁決是:若某人在接受了被遮蔽過失的隨伴期,在履行隨伴期、適合懲罰、正在執行懲罰或適合解脫時,又犯了另一個過失,並遮蔽了與先前過失相同或更少的夜晚數,則應通過追溯基本過失,將已履行的隨伴期日和已執行懲罰日全部抵消,然後將後來犯的過失與基本過失合併后給予隨伴期。如果基本過失被遮蔽半個月,而中間的過失被遮蔽不到半個月,則應再次履行半個月的隨伴期。如果中間的過失也被遮蔽半個月,則仍應履行半個月的隨伴期。這種方式應適用於基本過失被遮蔽最多六十年的情況。即使已履行六十年並適合懲罰,但若在一天內遮蔽了中間過失,又重新適合六十年的隨伴期。 如果中間的過失被遮蔽的時間超過基本過失,對此大須摩長老說:"這是無法治癒的個人,無法治癒意味著應該揭示並釋放。"而大蓮花長老則說:"為什麼說是無法治癒?這難道不是相當於佛陀存在時期的總結部分嗎?無論過失是被遮蔽還是未被遮蔽,或被遮蔽的時間多於、少於或等於基本過失,關鍵在於律師能否進行儀式宣告。因此,對於超過遮蔽時間的情況,應以基本過失為基準,將另一個過失合併后給予隨伴期。"這就是"基本合併"。 "價值合併"是指在多個過失中,有一個、兩個、三個或多個過失全部長期被遮蔽,通過這些過失的價值,根據其夜晚範圍,為其他被遮蔽時間較少的過失給予隨伴期。這就是所謂的價值合併。這在後續巴利文中有詳細說明,如"某位比丘犯了多個僧殘過失,一個過失被遮蔽一天,另一個過失被遮蔽兩天"等。 對於有一百個過失被遮蔽十天,另一百個過失也被遮蔽十天,如此重複十次,總共形成一千個過失被百天遮蔽,應如何處理?應將全部合併,履行十天的隨伴期。如此,僅用十天就可以履行百天的隨伴期。正如所說: "百日百夜過失遮, 十夜履行得解脫。" 這就是價值合併。 "混合合併"是指將不同型別的過失合併給予。其方式如下: "尊者,我犯了多個僧殘過失:一個遺精,一個身體接觸,一個粗言穢語,一個自我滿足,一個不當行為,一個破壞小屋,一個破壞寺院,一個惡意,一個其他部分,一個破壞僧團,一個追隨破壞者,一個不順從,一個玷污家族。因此,我請求僧團給予這些過失的合併隨伴期。" 應請求三次,並根據情況給予適當的隨伴期。
Ettha ca saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjiṃ nānāvatthukāyotipi saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjintipi evaṃ pubbe vuttanayena vatthuvasenapi gottavasenapi nāmavasenapi āpattivasenapi yojetvā kammavācaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatiyevāti ayaṃ missakasamodhāno. Sabbaparivāsakammavācāvasāne pana nikkhittānikkhittavattādikathā purimanayeneva veditabbāti.
Parivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.
Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ 『『pakkhamānattañca samodhānamānattañca avasesaparivāsakathāvasāne kathayissāmā』』ti, tassokāso sampatto, tasmā vuccati – 『『pakkhamānatta』』nti bhikkhuniyā dātabbamānattaṃ. Taṃ pana paṭicchannāyapi appaṭicchannāyapi āpattiyā aḍḍhamāsameva dātabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – 『『garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe pakkhamānattaṃ caritabba』』nti (cūḷava. 403). Taṃ pana bhikkhunīhi attano sīmaṃ sodhetvā vihārasīmāya vā vihārasīmaṃ sodhetuṃ asakkontīhi khaṇḍasīmāya vā sabbantimena paricchedena catuvaggagaṇaṃ sannipātāpetvā dātabbaṃ. Sace ekā āpatti hoti ekissā vasena, sace dve vā tisso vā sambahulā vā ekavatthukā vā nānāvatthukā vā tāsaṃ tāsaṃ vasena vatthugottanāmaāpattīsu yaṃ yaṃ icchati taṃ taṃ ādāya yojanā kātabbā.
Tatridaṃ ekāpattivasena mukhamattadassanaṃ, tāya āpannāya bhikkhuniyā bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – 『『ahaṃ, ayye, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ gāmantaraṃ, sāhaṃ, ayye, ekissā āpattiyā gāmantarāya pakkhamānattaṃ yācāmī』』ti.
Evaṃ tikkhattuṃ yācāpetvā byattāya bhikkhuniyā paṭibalāya saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
『『Suṇātu me ayye saṅgho, ayaṃ itthannāmā bhikkhunī ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji gāmantaraṃ, sā saṅghaṃ ekissā āpattiyā gāmantarāya pakkhamānattaṃ yācati, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmāya bhikkhuniyā ekissā āpattiyā gāmantarāya pakkhamānattaṃ dadeyya, esā ñatti.
『『Suṇātu me ayye saṅgho, ayaṃ…pe… dutiyampi… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi. Suṇātu me ayye saṅgho…pe… deti… dinnaṃ saṅghena itthannāmāya bhikkhuniyā ekissā āpattiyā gāmantarāya pakkhamānattaṃ, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī; evametaṃ dhārayāmī』』ti.
在這裡,即使犯了不同場合的僧殘過失,也可以按照先前所述的方式,根據場合、家族、名稱或過失進行合併並進行儀式宣告。這就是混合合併。在所有隨伴期儀式宣告結束后,關於已遮蔽和未遮蔽的行為等討論,應按照先前的方式理解。 隨伴期討論到此結束。 現在,關於先前提到的"我們將在剩餘的隨伴期討論后說明半月懲罰和合並懲罰",現在是討論的時機,因此說:"半月懲罰"是應該給予比丘尼的懲罰。這應該僅在被遮蔽或未被遮蔽的過失中給予半個月。正如所說:"違反嚴重規則的比丘尼應在兩個僧團中執行半月懲罰。" 這應該由比丘尼在清凈自己的界限后給予,若無法清凈自己的界限,則在寺院界限內或部分界限內,召集四人僧團后給予。如果只有一個過失,則根據單一過失;如果有兩個、三個或多個過失,無論是同一場合還是不同場合,都可以根據場合、家族、名稱和過失選擇想要的方式。 在這裡,僅以單一過失為例。犯過失的比丘尼應該接近比丘尼僧團,披上單肩上衣,向年長的比丘尼頂禮,跪坐併合掌,應這樣說:"尊敬的姐妹,我犯了一個跨村過失,因此請求半月懲罰。" 如此請求三次後,應由精通儀式的比丘尼向僧團宣告: "請尊敬的僧團聽我說,這位某某比丘尼犯了一個跨村過失,她請求僧團給予半月懲罰。如果僧團認為合適,僧團應給予某某比丘尼半月懲罰。這是提議。 請尊敬的僧團聽我說,關於這一點,我再次宣告。請尊敬的僧團聽我說,僧團給予某某比丘尼半月懲罰。這是否為僧團所接受?僧團沉默,表示接受。我就這樣記錄。"
Kammavācāpariyosāne vattaṃ samādiyitvā bhikkhumānattakathāya vuttanayeneva saṅghassa ārocetvā nikkhittavattaṃ vasitukāmāya tattheva saṅghamajjhe vā pakkantāsu bhikkhunīsu ekabhikkhuniyā vā dutiyikāya vā santike vuttanayeneva nikkhipitabbaṃ. Aññissā pana āgantukāya santike ārocetvā nikkhipitabbaṃ. Nikkhittakālato paṭṭhāya pakatattaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati. Puna samādiyitvā aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpentiyā pana bhikkhunīnaṃyeva santike vasituṃ na labhati. 『『Ubhatosaṅghe pakkhamānattaṃ caritabba』』nti hi vuttaṃ. Tasmā assā ācariyupajjhāyāhi vihāraṃ gantvā saṅgāhakapakkhe ṭhito eko mahāthero vā dhammakathiko vā bhikkhu vattabbo – 『『ekissā bhikkhuniyā vinayakammaṃ kattabbamatthi, tatra no ayyā, cattāro bhikkhū pesethā』』ti. Saṅgahaṃ akātuṃ na labbhati, pesessāmīti vattabbaṃ. Catūhi pakatattabhikkhunīhi mānattacāriniṃ bhikkhuniṃ gahetvā antoaruṇeyeva nikkhamitvā gāmūpacārato dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvā maggā okkamma gumbavatiādīhi paṭicchannaṭṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ. Vihārūpacāratopi dve leḍḍupātā atikkamitabbā catūhi pakatattabhikkhūhipi tattha gantabbaṃ. Gantvā pana bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ na ekaṭṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ, paṭikkamitvā avidūraṭṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ. Kurundimahāpaccarīsu pana 『『bhikkhunīhipi byattaṃ ekaṃ vā dve vā upāsikāyo bhikkhūhipi ekaṃ vā dve vā upāsake attarakkhaṇatthāya gahetvā gantabba』』nti vuttaṃ. Kurundiyaṃyeva ca bhikkhunupassayassa ca vihārassa ca upacāraṃ muñcituṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti vuttaṃ, gāmassāti na vuttaṃ.
Evaṃ nisinnesu pana bhikkhūsu ca bhikkhunīsu ca tāya bhikkhuniyā 『『mānattaṃ samādiyāmi, vattaṃ samādiyāmī』』ti vattaṃ samādiyitvā bhikkhunīsaṅghassa tāva evaṃ ārocetabbaṃ –
『『Ahaṃ, ayye, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ gāmantaraṃ, sāhaṃ saṅghaṃ ekissā āpattiyā gāmantarāya pakkhamānattaṃ yāciṃ, tassa me saṅgho ekissā āpattiyā gāmantarāya pakkhamānattaṃ adāsi, sāhaṃ pakkhamānattaṃ carāmi, 『vedayāmahaṃ, ayye, vedayatī』ti maṃ saṅgho dhāretū』』ti.
Tato bhikkhusaṅghassa santikaṃ gantvā evaṃ ārocetabbaṃ – 『『ahaṃ, ayyā, ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjiṃ …pe… vedayāmahaṃ, ayyā, vedayatīti maṃ saṅgho dhāretū』』ti. Idhāpi yāya kāyaci bhāsāya ārocetuṃ vaṭṭati.
Ārocetvā ca bhikkhunisaṅghasseva santike nisīditabbaṃ, ārocitakālato paṭṭhāya bhikkhūnaṃ gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace sāsaṅkaṃ hoti, bhikkhuniyo tattheva ṭhānaṃ paccāsīsanti, ṭhātabbaṃ. Sace añño bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā taṃ ṭhānaṃ eti, passantiyā ārocetabbaṃ. No ce āroceti, ratticchedo ceva vattabhedadukkaṭañca. Sace ajānantiyā eva upacāraṃ okkamitvā gacchati, ratticchedova hoti, na vattabhedadukkaṭaṃ. Sace bhikkhuniyo upajjhāyādīnaṃ vattakaraṇatthaṃ pageva gantukāmā honti, rattivippavāsagaṇaohīyanagāmantarāpattirakkhaṇatthaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ ṭhapetvā gantabbaṃ. Tāya aruṇe uṭṭhite tassā santike vattaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Etenupāyena akhaṇḍā pañcadasa rattiyo mānattaṃ caritabbaṃ.
在儀式宣告結束時,接受行為后,應按照比丘懲罰討論中提到的方式,向僧團宣告,並由希望遵守已遮蔽行為的比丘尼,在僧團中間或比丘尼離開后,由一位或兩位比丘尼按照先前的方式遮蔽。對於其他前來的比丘尼,應在她們面前宣告並遮蔽。從遮蔽時間開始,她將保持正常狀態。再次接受后,她不得在黎明時分在比丘尼面前遵守,因為曾說"應在兩個僧團中執行半月懲罰"。因此,她應該由阿阇梨和和尚陪同前往寺院,站在支援方,一位大長老或法師應說:"有一位比丘尼需要進行律儀儀式,請諸位長老派四位比丘。"若無法組織,應說"我們將派人"。應由四位正常狀態的比丘尼帶領執行懲罰的比丘尼,在黎明前離開,越過村莊範圍兩投擲距離,離開大路,在灌木叢等遮蔽處就座。從寺院範圍也應越過兩投擲距離,四位正常狀態的比丘也應前往。但不應與比丘尼在同一處就座,而應在附近稍遠處就座。在《庫倫第》和《大註釋》中說:"比丘尼可以帶一兩位優婆夷,比丘也可以帶一兩位優婆塞前往自我保護。"在《庫倫第》中還說可以離開比丘尼寄宿處和寺院範圍,但未提及村莊。 當比丘和比丘尼就座后,該比丘尼應說:"我接受懲罰,我接受行為",並首先向比丘尼僧團這樣宣告: "尊敬的姐妹,我犯了一個跨村過失,我請求僧團給予跨村過失的半月懲罰,僧團已給予我半月懲罰,我現在執行半月懲罰,請僧團記住我'我正在經歷懲罰'。" 然後前往比丘僧團,這樣宣告:"尊敬的長老,我犯了一個過失……請記住我'我正在經歷懲罰'。"在這裡,可以用任何語言宣告。 宣告后應在比丘尼僧團面前就座,從宣告時刻起,比丘可以離開。如果情況可疑,比丘尼將等待那個地方,若有其他比丘或比丘尼來到,應告知她。若不告知,將構成夜間間斷和行為違規的輕罪。如果不知情地進入並離開,僅構成夜間間斷,不構成行為違規輕罪。如果比丘尼希望提前為和尚等人服務,爲了避免夜間間斷、減少數量和保護跨村過失,應留下一位比丘尼。當黎明時,應在她面前遮蔽行為。按此方法,應完整執行十五夜的懲罰。
Anikkhittavattāya pana pārivāsikakkhandhake vuttanayeneva sammā vattitabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso – 『『āgantukassa ārocetabba』』nti ettha yattakā purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā taṃ gāmaṃ bhikkhū vā bhikkhuniyo vā āgacchanti, sabbesaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Anārocentiyā ratticchedo ca vattabhedadukkaṭañca. Sacepi rattiṃ koci bhikkhu taṃ gāmūpacāraṃ okkamitvā gacchati, ratticchedo hotiyeva, ajānanapaccayā pana vattabhedato muccati. Kurundiādīsu pana anikkhittavattabhikkhūnaṃ vuttanayeneva kathetabbanti vuttaṃ. Taṃ pārivāsikavattādīnaṃ upacārasīmāya paricchinnattā yuttataraṃ dissati. Uposathe ārocetabbaṃ, pavāraṇāya ārocetabbaṃ, catunnaṃ bhikkhūnañca bhikkhunīnañca devasikaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Sace bhikkhūnaṃ tasmiṃ gāme bhikkhācāro sampajjati, tattheva gantabbaṃ. No ce sampajjati, aññatra caritvāpi tatra āgantvā attānaṃ dassetvā gantabbaṃ. Bahigāme vā saṅketaṭṭhānaṃ kātabbaṃ – 『『asukasmiṃ nāma ṭhāne amhe passissasī』』ti. Tāya saṅketaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ārocetabbaṃ. Saṅketaṭṭhāne adisvā vihāraṃ gantvā ārocetabbaṃ. Vihāre sabbabhikkhūnaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Sace sabbesaṃ sakkā na hoti ārocetuṃ, bahiupacārasīmāya ṭhatvā bhikkhuniyo pesetabbā. Tāhi ānītānaṃ catunnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Sace vihāro dūro hoti sāsaṅko, upāsake ca upāsikāyo ca gahetvā gantabbaṃ. Sace pana ayaṃ ekā vasati, rattivippavāsaṃ āpajjati, tasmāssā ekā pakatattā bhikkhunī sammannitvā dātabbā ekacchanne vasanatthāya.
Evaṃ akhaṇḍaṃ mānattaṃ caritvā vīsatigaṇe bhikkhunisaṅghe vuttanayeneva abbhānaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sace mānattaṃ caramānā antarāpattiṃ āpajjati, mūlāya paṭikassitvā tassā āpattiyā mānattaṃ dātabbanti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Idaṃ 『『pakkhamānattaṃ』』 nāma.
『『Samodhānamānattaṃ』』 pana tividhaṃ hoti – odhānasamodhānaṃ, agghasamodhānaṃ, missakasamodhānanti. Tattha yadetaṃ parato udāyittherassa pañcāhapaṭicchannāya āpattiyā parivāsaṃ parivasantassa parivāse ca mānattārahaṭṭhāne ca antarāpattiṃ āpajjitvā mūlāyapaṭikassitassa 『『tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho udāyissa bhikkhuno tissannaṃ āpattīnaṃ chārattaṃ mānattaṃ detū』』ti mānattaṃ anuññātaṃ, idaṃ 『『odhānasamodhānaṃ』』 nāma. Idañhi punappunaṃ mūlāyapaṭikassanena parivutthadivase odhunitvā purimāpattīhi saddhiṃ samodhāya dinnaṃ, tasmā odhānasamodhānanti vuccati. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『samodhānaparivāsaṃ vutthassa dātabbaṃ mānattaṃ samodhānamānatta』』nti vuttaṃ. Tampi tena pariyāyena yujjati.
Agghasamodhānaṃ pana missakasamodhānañca agghasamodhānamissakasamodhānaparivāsāvasāne dātabbamānattameva vuccati, taṃ parivāsakammavācānusārena yojetvā dātabbaṃ. Ettāvatā yaṃ vuttaṃ 『『tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho udāyissa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ detūtiādinā nayena pāḷiyaṃ anekehi ākārehi parivāso ca mānattañca vuttaṃ, tassa yasmā āgatāgataṭhāne vinicchayo vuccamāno pāḷi viya ativitthāraṃ āpajjati, na ca sakkā hoti sukhena pariggahetuṃ, tasmā naṃ samodhānetvā idheva dassessāmā』』ti, tadidaṃ atthato sampāditaṃ hoti.
Paṭicchannaparivāsakathā
在未遮蔽的情況下,隨伴期應按照之前所述的方式正確執行。這是特別之處——"應向來者宣告",無論是早先到達還是後來到達的比丘或比丘尼,所有人都應被通知。若不通知,將構成夜間間斷和行為違規的輕罪。如果在夜間有比丘進入該村範圍,將構成夜間間斷,但若不知情則不構成行為違規。在庫倫第等地,應按照未遮蔽的比丘的方式進行說明。由於隨伴期的限制,顯得更為合理。應在安居日進行宣告,在結束時進行宣告,四位比丘和四位比丘尼的天神也應被通知。如果在該村中比丘的乞食行為得以實現,則應前往那裡。若無法實現,則應在外面行動,前往那裡並展示自己。應在外村或標記地點進行——"在某個地方我們將見到你"。到達該標記地點后應進行宣告。若未在標記地點看到,應前往寺院進行宣告。在寺院中,所有比丘都應被通知。如果無法通知所有人,則應在外村範圍內站立並派遣比丘尼。對於被帶來的四位比丘也應進行宣告。若寺院較遠且有疑慮,則應帶上優婆塞和優婆夷前往。如果她單獨居住,將面臨夜間間斷,因此應將一位正常的比丘尼安排在她身邊以供住宿。 如此,持續執行懲罰,若在二十人中的比丘尼僧團中應按先前所述進行宣告。若在執行懲罰期間遇到中間過失,應追溯至基本過失並給予相應的懲罰,這在庫倫第中有所提及。這就是"半月懲罰"。 "合併懲罰"則分為三種——基本合併、價值合併和混合合併。在這裡,若在前面提到的烏達耶長老的五天遮蔽過失中,處於懲罰狀態,並在懲罰中出現中間過失,追溯至基本過失的狀態,"因此,尊敬的比丘,僧團應給予烏達耶比丘的三種過失的合併懲罰"。這就是"基本合併"。這實際上是通過追溯基本過失的方式,結合早期的過失進行給予,因此稱為基本合併。而在庫倫第中提到,"合併懲罰應給予的狀態"。 價值合併和混合合併則是在合併懲罰的情況下給予的,需按照隨伴期的儀式進行。至此,關於"因此,尊敬的比丘,僧團應給予烏達耶比丘的單一過失的合併懲罰"等多種方式在巴利文中都有提及,因而在來去的地方,裁決被稱為過於詳細,難以輕鬆把握,因此我們將合併的情況在這裡展示。 關於遮蔽的隨伴期討論。
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Idāni yā tāva ayaṃ paṭicchannāya ekissā āpattiyā vasena pāḷi vuttā, sā uttānatthāva.
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Tato paraṃ dvīhatīhacatūhapañcāhapaṭicchannānaṃ vasena pāḷiṃ vatvā pañcāhapaṭicchannāya parivāsato paṭṭhāya antarāpatti dassitā. Yasmā pana taṃ āpattiṃ āpanno mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho nāma hoti, tasmāssa tattha mūlāyapaṭikassanaṃ anuññātaṃ. Sace pana nikkhittavatto āpajjati, mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho na hoti. Kasmā? Yasmā na so parivasanto āpanno, pakatattaṭṭhāne ṭhito āpanno, tasmā tassā āpattiyā visuṃ mānattaṃ caritabbaṃ. Sace paṭicchannā hoti parivāsopi vasitabbo. Yañcetaṃ mūlāyapaṭikassanaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmimpi kate parivutthadivasā makkhitā honti. Iti parivāse antarāpattiṃ dassetvā puna mānattārahassa antarāpattiṃ dassetvā mūlāyapaṭikassanaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmimpi kate parivutthadivasā makkhitāva honti. Tato parivutthaparivāsassa tāsaṃ tissannampi āpattīnaṃ samodhānamānattaṃ dassitaṃ. Tato mānattacārikassa antarāpattiṃ dassetvā mūlāyapaṭikassanaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmiṃ pana paṭikassane kate mānattaciṇṇadivasāpi parivutthadivasāpi makkhitāva honti. Tato abbhānārahassa antarāpattiṃ dassetvā mūlāyapaṭikassanaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmimpi kate sabbe te makkhitāva honti. Tato paraṃ sabbā antarāpattiyo yojetvā abbhānakammaṃ dassitaṃ. Evaṃ paṭicchannavāre ekāhapaṭicchannādivasena pañca, antarāpattivasena catassoti nava kammavācā dassitā honti.
Paṭicchannaparivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.
Samodhānaparivāsakathā
- Tato paraṃ pakkhapaṭicchannāya āpattiyā antoparivāsato paṭṭhāya pañcāhapaṭicchannāya antarāpattiyā vasena samodhānaparivāso ca, samodhānamānattañca dassitaṃ. Ettha ca mānattacārikamānattārahakālepi āpannāya āpattiyā mūlāyapaṭikassane kate mānattaciṇṇadivasāpi parivāsaparivutthadivasāpi sabbe makkhitāva honti. Kasmā? Yasmā paṭicchannā antarāpatti. Teneva vuttaṃ – 『『mūlāya paṭikassitvā purimāya āpattiyā samodhānaparivāsaṃ datvā chārattaṃ mānattaṃ detū』』ti. Tato paraṃ sabbā antarāpattiyo yojetvā abbhānakammaṃ dassetvā sukkavissaṭṭhivatthu niṭṭhāpitaṃ.
Samodhānaparivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.
Sukkavissaṭṭhikathā ca niṭṭhitā.
Agghasamodhānaparivāsakathā
- Tato ekāpattimūlakañca āpattivaḍḍhanakañcāti dve naye dassetvā agghasamodhānaparivāso dassito.
Tato sañcicca anārocitāpattivatthuṃ dassetvā sañcicca ajānanaassaraṇavematikabhāvehi anārocitāya āpattiyā pacchā lajjidhamme vā ñāṇasaraṇanibbematikabhāvesu vā uppannesu yaṃ kātabbaṃ, taṃ dassetuṃ 『『idha pana bhikkhave』』tiādinā nayena pāḷi ṭhapitā. Tato ajānanaassaraṇavematikapaṭicchannānaṃ appaṭicchannabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ tatheva pāḷi ṭhapitā.
Agghasamodhānaparivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.
Dvemāsaparivāsakathā
- Tato dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ dvemāsapaṭicchannānaṃ ekamāsaparivāsayācanavatthuṃ dassetvā asañcicca ajānanaassaraṇavematikabhāvehi anārocite itarasmiṃ māse pacchā lajjidhammādīsu uppannesu yaṃ kātabbaṃ, taṃ dassetuṃ ajānanaassaraṇavematikapaṭicchannassa ca āpannabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ purimanayeneva pāḷi ṭhapitā.
Dvemāsaparivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.
Suddhantaparivāsādikathā
現在,這段關於遮蔽的單一過失的內容,正是顯而易見的。 然後,根據二、三、四、五天的遮蔽,宣告五天的遮蔽后,展示了中間過失。由於此過失被稱為應追溯至基本過失,因此在此應允許追溯至基本過失。如果犯了未遮蔽的過失,則不應追溯至基本過失。為什麼?因為她未在懲罰中,處於正常狀態,因此應單獨對待她的過失。如果是遮蔽的狀態,則應遵守懲罰。關於基本過失的內容,若在此情況下,遮蔽的日子被視為無效。因此,在懲罰中展示了中間過失,再次展示了基本過失的內容,若在此情況下,遮蔽的日子也被視為無效。然後,展示了對三種過失的合併懲罰。接著,展示了對懲罰的中間過失的內容。在此基本過失的情況下,遮蔽的日子和有效的日子都被視為無效。然後,展示了對未遮蔽的懲罰的內容。若在此情況下,所有的過失都被視為無效。接著,綜合所有的中間過失,展示了未遮蔽的行為。因此,在遮蔽的情況下,按照一日遮蔽的方式展示五個,按照中間過失的方式展示四個,總共展示了九個行為宣告。 遮蔽的隨伴期討論到此結束。 合併懲罰的隨伴期討論 然後,根據半月遮蔽的過失,從內部的懲罰開始,展示了五天的遮蔽的中間過失和合並懲罰的內容。在這裡,即使在懲罰的狀態下,若基本過失的情況下,遮蔽的日子和有效的日子都被視為無效。為什麼?因為這是遮蔽的狀態。因此說——"在基本過失的情況下,給予早期的合併懲罰,允許合併的狀態"。然後,綜合所有的中間過失,展示了未遮蔽的行為,最終完成了基本過失的內容。 合併懲罰的隨伴期討論到此結束。 關於基本合併懲罰的討論 然後,展示了以單一過失為基礎的懲罰和增加過失的兩種方法,展示了基本合併的懲罰。 接著,聚集未宣告的過失,展示未宣告的過失的狀態,若因無知而產生的羞愧或無知而產生的知識的狀態,展示應做的內容,因此以"在這裡,尊敬的比丘"等方式在巴利文中呈現。接著,展示未宣告的過失的無知狀態,在此情況下,仍以巴利文呈現。 基本合併懲罰的隨伴期討論到此結束。 關於兩個月的隨伴期討論 然後,展示兩種過失的兩個月遮蔽的單個月的合併要求,若因無知而產生的羞愧等,展示應做的內容,並展示未宣告的過失的狀態,以先前的方式在巴利文中呈現。 兩個月的隨伴期討論到此結束。 關於清凈的隨伴期討論
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Tato 『『āpattipariyantaṃ na jānāti, rattipariyantaṃ na jānātī』』tiādinā nayena suddhantaparivāso dassito.
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Tato paraṃ pārivāsikaṃ ādiṃ katvā vibbhamitvā punaupasampannādīsu paṭipattidassanatthaṃ pāḷi ṭhapitā.
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Tattha 『『antarā sambahulā āpattiyo āpajjati parimāṇā appaṭicchannāyo』』tiādīsu āpattiparicchedavasena parimāṇāyo ceva appaṭicchannāyo cāti attho.
166.Pacchimasmiṃāpattikkhandheti ekova so āpattikkhandho, pacchā chāditattā pana 『『pacchimasmiṃ āpattikkhandhe』』ti vuttaṃ. Purimasminti etthāpi eseva nayo.
180.Vavatthitā sambhinnāti sabhāgavisabhāgānamevetaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ.
Suddhantaparivāsādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Dvebhikkhuvāraekādasakādikathā
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Tato paraṃ yo paṭicchādeti, tasmiṃ paṭipattidassanatthaṃ 『『dve bhikkhū』』tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha missakanti thullaccayādīhi missakaṃ. Suddhakanti saṅghādisesaṃ vinā lahukāpattikkhandhameva.
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Tato paraṃ avisuddhavisuddhabhāvadassanatthaṃ 『『idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sambahulā saṅghādisesā』』tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha byañjanato vā adhippāyato vā anuttānaṃ nāma kiñci natthi, tasmā tañca ito pubbe avuttañca sabbaṃ pāḷianusāreneva veditabbanti.
Dvebhikkhuvāraekādasakādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Samuccayakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Samathakkhandhakaṃ
Sammukhāvinayakathā
186-187. Samathakkhandhake – 『『adhammavādī puggalo』』tiādīni cha mātikāpadāni nikkhipitvā 『『adhammavādī puggalo dhammavādiṃ puggalaṃ saññāpetī』』tiādinā nayena vitthāro vutto. Tattha saññāpetīti kāraṇapatirūpakāni vatvā paritosetvā jānāpeti. Nijjhāpetīti yathā so taṃ atthaṃ nijjhāyati, oloketi; evaṃ karoti. Pekkhati anupekkhatīti yathā so taṃ atthaṃ pekkhati ceva punappunañca pekkhati; evaṃ karoti. Dasseti anudassetīti tesaññeva pariyāyavacanāni. Adhammena vūpasammatīti yasmā so adhammameva 『『ayaṃ dhammo』』tiādinā nayena mohetvā dasseti, tasmā adhammena vūpasammati nāma.
188.Dhammena vūpasammatīti yasmā dhammavādī dhammameva 『『ayaṃ dhammo』』tiādinā nayena amohetvā dasseti, tasmā dhammena vūpasammati nāma.
Sammukhāvinayakathā niṭṭhitā.
Sativinayakathā
195.Pañcimānibhikkhave dhammikāni sativinayassa dānānīti ettha suddhassa anāpattikassa dānaṃ ekaṃ, anuvaditassa dānaṃ ekaṃ, yācitassa dānaṃ ekaṃ, saṅghena dānaṃ ekaṃ, dhammena samaggadānaṃ ekanti evaṃ pañca. Etāni pana ekekaaṅgavasena na labbhanti, tasmā desanāmattamevetaṃ, pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ pana sativinayadānaṃ dhammikanti ayamettha attho. Tattha ca anuvadantīti codenti. Sesaṃ uttānameva. Ayaṃ pana sativinayo khīṇāsavasseva dātabbo na aññassa, antamaso anāgāminopi. So ca kho aññena codiyamānasseva, na acodiyamānassa. Dinne ca pana tasmiṃ codakassa kathā na ruhati. Codentopi 『『ayaṃ khīṇāsavo sativinayaladdho, ko tuyhaṃ kathaṃ gahessatī』』ti apasādetabbataṃ āpajjati.
Sativinayakathā niṭṭhitā.
Amūḷhavinayakathā
然後,通過「她不知道過失的範圍,不知道夜間的範圍」等方式,展示了清凈的隨伴期。 然後,設定為隨伴期,經過變更后再次展示受戒等的行為。 在這裡,「中間有許多過失,過失的數量少且未遮蔽」等內容是關於過失的範圍和數量。 「在最後的過失中」指的是僅有的那個過失,後面由於遮蔽的原因而說「在最後的過失中」。「在最初的過失中」也是同樣的道理。 「被確定為分裂」是指這是一種範疇的表達。 清凈的隨伴期討論到此結束。 關於兩位比丘的討論 然後,提到「如果遮蔽,那麼爲了展示行為的方式,提到『兩位比丘』」。在這裡「混合」是指通過粗重的過失等混合而成。清凈是指在僧團的余余過失之外,僅有輕微的過失。 然後,爲了展示未清凈和清凈的狀態,提到「在這裡,尊敬的比丘,有許多僧團的余余過失」。在這裡,無論是從表達上還是意圖上,都沒有任何遺漏,因此所有未提及的內容都應根據巴利文理解。 關於兩位比丘的討論到此結束。 關於合併懲罰的討論到此結束。 關於止息的章節 關於面前的戒律討論 186-187. 在止息章節中,提到「非法之人」等六個要點,之後通過「非法之人使法之人產生誤解」的方式進行了詳細說明。在這裡,「使產生誤解」是指通過原因和相應的方式讓對方瞭解和滿足。「使產生誤解」是指他如何理解那個內容,觀察;這樣做。「觀察和再觀察」是指他如何觀察那個內容,並不斷地觀察;這樣做。「展示和不展示」是指這些都是同義詞。「因非法而被迷惑」是因為他誤認為「這是法」,因此因非法而被迷惑。 「因法而被迷惑」是因為法之人明確認為「這是法」,因此因法而被迷惑。 關於面前的戒律討論到此結束。 關於正念的戒律討論 「在這裡,尊敬的比丘,正念的捐贈有五種」指的是純凈且沒有過失的捐贈一種,經過勸導的捐贈一種,經過請求的捐贈一種,與僧團共同的捐贈一種,符合法的和諧捐贈一種。這樣就有五種。然而,這些捐贈不能單獨獲得,因此這只是教學的內容,正念的捐贈是指五種要素的結合。在這裡,勸導是指勸說。其餘內容同樣是前述的。這種正念的捐贈應由已滅盡的者給予,而非其他人,至少應由非迴歸者給予。且在他被勸導時,也應如此,而非未被勸導時。若給予時,勸導者的言語不應被忽視。勸導時也應說:「此人已滅盡,獲得了正念的戒律,誰會聽你的話呢?」這樣就會陷入不被接受的境地。 關於正念的戒律討論到此結束。 關於無知的戒律討論
196.Bhāsitaparikkantanti vācāya bhāsitaṃ kāyena parikkantaṃ; parikkamitvā katanti attho. Saratāyasmā evarūpiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitāti ettha saratu āyasmā evarūpiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā; āyasmā evarūpiyā āpattiyāti ayamattho. Āpajjitvāti vā pāṭho, tassattho – paṭhamaṃ āpajjitvā pacchā taṃ āpattiṃ saratu āyasmāti.
Amūḷhavinayakathā niṭṭhitā.
Yebhuyyasikākathā
202.Yebhuyyasikāya vūpasametunti ettha yassā kiriyāya dhammavādino bahutarā, esā yebhuyyasikā nāma.
- Adhammikasalākaggāhesu oramattakanti parittaṃ appamattakaṃ bhaṇḍanamattameva. Na ca gatigatanti dve tayo āvāse na gataṃ, tattha tattheva vā dvattikkhattuṃ avinicchitaṃ. Na ca saritasāritanti dvattikkhattuṃ tehi bhikkhūhi sayaṃ saritaṃ vā aññehi sāritaṃ vā na hoti. Jānātīti salākaṃ gāhento jānāti 『『adhammavādī bahutarā』』ti. Appeva nāmāti iminā nīhārena salākāya gāhiyamānāya 『『api nāma adhammavādino bahutarā assū』』ti ayamassa ajjhāsayo hoti. Aparesupi dvīsu eseva nayo.
Adhammenagaṇhantīti adhammavādino 『『evaṃ mayaṃ bahū bhavissāmā』』ti dve dve salākāyo gaṇhanti. Vaggā gaṇhantīti dve dhammavādino ekaṃ dhammavādisalākaṃ gaṇhanti 『『evaṃ dhammavādino na bahū bhavissantī』』ti maññamānā. Na ca yathādiṭṭhiyā gaṇhantīti dhammavādino hutvā 『『balavapakkhaṃ bhajissāmā』』ti adhammavādisalākaṃ gaṇhanti. Dhammikasalākaggāhesu ayamevattho parivattetvā veditabbo. Evaṃ salākaṃ gāhetvā sace bahutarā dhammavādino honti; yathā te vadanti, evaṃ taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametabbaṃ, evaṃ yebhuyyasikāya vūpasantaṃ hoti. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana paratopi āgamissati.
Yebhuyyasikākathā niṭṭhitā.
Tassapāpiyasikākathā
207.Asucīti asucīhi kāyavacīkammehi samannāgato. Alajjīti sañcicca āpajjanādinā alajjilakkhaṇena samannāgato. Sānuvādoti saupavādo. Iti imesañca tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena tīṇi karaṇāni, saṅghena karaṇaṃ, dhammena samaggena karaṇanti imāni ca dveti pañca tassapāpiyasikākammassa karaṇāni nāma honti. Sesamettha tajjanīyādīsu vuttanayameva. Ayaṃ panettha vacanattho – idañhi yo pāpussannatāya pāpiyo puggalo, tassa kattabbato 『『tassapāpiyasikākamma』』nti vuccati.
Tassapāpiyasikākathā niṭṭhitā.
Tiṇavatthārakādikathā
212.Kakkhaḷattāya vāḷattāyāti kakkhaḷabhāvāya ceva vāḷabhāvāya ca. Bhedāyāti saṅghabhedāya. Sabbeheva ekajjhanti kassaci chandaṃ anāharitvā gilānepi tattheva ānetvā ekato sannipatitabbaṃ. Tiṇavatthārakena vūpasameyyāti ettha idaṃ kammaṃ tiṇavatthārakasadisattā 『『tiṇavatthārako』』ti vuttaṃ. Yathā hi gūthaṃ vā muttaṃ vā ghaṭṭiyamānaṃ duggandhatāya bādhati, tiṇehi avattharitvā suppaṭicchāditassa panassa so gandho na bādhati; evameva yaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ mūlānumūlaṃ gantvā vūpasamiyamānaṃ kakkhaḷattāya vāḷattāya bhedāya saṃvattati, taṃ iminā kammena vūpasantaṃ gūthaṃ viya tiṇavatthārakena paṭicchannaṃ suvūpasantaṃ hotīti idaṃ kammaṃ tiṇavatthārakasadisattā 『『tiṇavatthārako』』ti vuttaṃ.
213.Thullavajjanti pārājikañceva saṅghādisesañca. Gihipaṭisaṃyuttanti gihīnaṃ hīnena khuṃsanavambhanadhammikapaṭissavesu āpannaṃ āpattiṃ.
"通過言語被說出,通過身體被圍繞"意味著通過言語說出,通過身體圍繞;意思是已圍繞。"尊敬的人應當記住這樣的過失"中的意思是:尊敬的人應當記住這樣的過失;尊敬的人記住這樣的過失。另一種讀法是"已犯",其意思是:首先犯后,尊敬的人隨後記住這個過失。 關於無知的戒律討論到此結束。 關於大多數人的討論 關於大多數人的平息,這裡指的是那些法之人佔多數的行為,這就是所謂的大多數人。 在非法的選票中"僅僅超過"意味著非常少,僅僅是些微的爭吵。"未曾前往"指未在兩三個住處前往,或在那裡未經兩三次裁決。"未曾記憶或被提醒"指未被那些比丘兩三次自行記憶或被他人提醒。"知道"是指在選取選票時知道"非法之人佔多數"。"也許"意味著在選票被選取時,希望"非法之人也許佔多數"。在其他兩種情況下也是如此。 "以非法取"是指非法之人說"我們將變得眾多"而取兩張選票。"派系取"是指兩位法之人取一張法之人的選票,認為"法之人將不會眾多"。"不按照所見取"是指法之人說"我們將依附強大的一方"而取非法之人的選票。在法的選票中,這一意義應當被反轉理解。這樣取選票后,如果法之人佔多數;按照他們所說的方式,應當平息該爭端,這就是大多數人的平息。這是簡要說明。詳細內容將在後面呈現。 關於大多數人的討論到此結束。 關於更為邪惡的討論 "不潔"是指具有不潔的身語行為。"無恥"是指具有故意犯錯等無恥的特徵。"有誹謗"是指有誹謗。因此,根據這三個要素,有三種處理方式,僧團的處理,法的和諧處理,這兩種共計五種處理更為邪惡的行為的方式。其餘部分與呵責等中所述相同。這裡的言語意義是:對於因邪惡而更為邪惡的人,應當如此處理,因此稱為"更為邪惡的行為"。 關於更為邪惡的討論到此結束。 關於草遮蓋等的討論 "粗暴和兇猛"是指粗暴的狀態和兇猛的狀態。"爲了分裂"是指分裂僧團。所有人應當在一起集合,不論任何人的意願,即使是病人也應被帶到那裡一起集合。"用草遮蓋而平息"中,這個行為因為類似於草遮蓋而被稱為"草遮蓋"。就像糞便或尿液被觸碰時因惡臭而造成困擾,但用草遮蓋后就不會造成困擾;同樣,任何爭端追根溯源而平息時可能因粗暴、兇猛而導致分裂,通過這種行為平息,就像用草遮蓋糞便一樣,能夠妥善平息。 "嚴重過失"是指重罪和僧團的余余罪。"與在家人相關"是指在家人的輕微侮辱、貶低、不正當的承諾中犯的過失。
214.Evañca pana bhikkhave te bhikkhū tāhi āpattīhi vuṭṭhitā hontīti evaṃ tiṇavatthārakakammavācāya katāya kammavācāpariyosāne yattakā tattha sannipatitā antamaso suttāpi samāpannāpi aññavihitāpi sabbe te bhikkhū yāva upasampadamaṇḍalato paṭṭhāya thullavajjañca gihipaṭisaṃyuttañca ṭhapetvā avasesā āpattiyo āpannā, sabbāhi tāhi āpattīhi vuṭṭhitā honti. Ye pana 『『na metaṃ khamatī』』ti aññamaññaṃ diṭṭhāvikammaṃ karonti, tehi vā saddhiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvāpi tattha anāgatā, āgantvā vā chandaṃ datvā pariveṇādīsu nisinnā, te āpattīhi na vuṭṭhahanti. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『ṭhapetvā diṭṭhāvikammaṃ ṭhapetvā ye na tattha hontī』』ti.
Tiṇavatthārakādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Adhikaraṇakathā
"尊敬的比丘們,這些比丘從這些過失中解脫",當通過草遮蓋的行為宣告完成時,在行為宣告結束時,凡是在場的人,即使是臨時加入的、被分配的,從受戒圓圈開始,除去嚴重過失和與在家人相關的過失,所有其他已犯的過失,都從這些過失中解脫。但那些說"這對我不可接受"並互相產生敵意的人,或與他們一起犯過失但未到場,或到場后給予同意但在房間等處就座的人,他們不會從過失中解脫。因此說:"除去敵意,除去未在場的人"。 關於草遮蓋等的討論到此結束。 關於爭端的討論
215.Bhikkhunīnaṃ anupakhajjāti bhikkhunīnaṃ anto pavisitvā. Vivādādhikaraṇādīnaṃ vacanattho duṭṭhadosavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttoyeva. Vipaccatāya vohāroti cittadukkhatthaṃ vohāro; pharusavacananti attho. Yo tattha anuvādoti yo tesu anuvadantesu upavādo. Anuvadanāti ākāranidassanametaṃ; upavadanāti attho. Anullapanā anubhaṇanāti ubhayaṃ anuvadanavevacanamattameva. Anusampavaṅkatāti punappunaṃ kāyacittavācāhi tattheva sampavaṅkatā; anuvadanabhāvoti attho. Abbhussahanatāti 『『kasmā evaṃ na upavadissāmi, upavadissāmiyevā』』ti ussāhaṃ katvā anuvadanā. Anubalappadānanti purimavacanassa kāraṇaṃ dassetvā pacchimavacanena balappadānaṃ.
Kiccayatākaraṇīyatāti ettha kiccameva kiccayaṃ, kiccayassa bhāvo kiccayatā, karaṇīyassa bhāvo karaṇīyatā; ubhayampetaṃ saṅghakammasseva adhivacanaṃ. Apalokanakammantiādi pana tasseva pabhedavacanaṃ. Tattha apalokanakammaṃ nāma sīmaṭṭhakasaṅghaṃ sodhetvā chandārahānaṃ chandaṃ āharitvā samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā tikkhattuṃ sāvetvā kattabbakammaṃ. Ñattikammaṃ nāma vuttanayeneva samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā ekāya ñattiyā kattabbakammaṃ. Ñattidutiyakammaṃ nāma vuttanayeneva samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā ekāya ñattiyā ekāya ca anussāvanāyāti evaṃ ñattidutiyāya anussāvanāya kattabbakammaṃ. Ñatticatutthakammaṃ nāma vuttanayeneva samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā ekāya ñattiyā tīhi ca anussāvanāhīti evaṃ ñatticatutthāhi tīhi anussāvanāhi kattabbakammaṃ.
Tattha apalokanakammaṃ apaloketvāva kātabbaṃ, ñattikammādivasena na kātabbaṃ. Ñattikammampi ekaṃ ñattiṃ ṭhapetvāva kātabbaṃ, apalokanakammādivasena na kātabbaṃ. Ñattidutiyakammaṃ pana apaloketvā kattabbampi atthi, akattabbampi atthi. Tattha sīmāsammuti sīmāsamūhananaṃ kathinadānaṃ kathinubbhāro kuṭivatthudesanā vihāravatthudesanāti imāni cha kammāni garukāni, apaloketvā kātuṃ na vaṭṭanti. Ñattidutiyakammavācaṃ sāvetvāva kātabbāni. Avasesā terasa sammutiyo senāsanaggāhakamatakacīvaradānādisammutiyo cāti evarūpāni lahukakammāni apaloketvāpi kātuṃ vaṭṭanti. Ñattikammañatticatutthakammavasena pana na kātabbameva. Ñatticatutthakammaṃ ñattiñca tisso ca kammavācāyo sāvetvāva kātabbaṃ, apalokanakammādivasena na kātabbanti ayamettha saṅkhepo.
Vitthārato pana imāni cattāri kammāni 『『katihākārehi vipajjantī』』tiādinā nayena parivārāvasāne kammavagge etesaṃ vinicchayo āgatoyeva. Yaṃ pana tattha anuttānaṃ, taṃ kammavaggeyeva vaṇṇayissāma. Evañhi sati na aṭṭhāne vaṇṇanā bhavissati, ādito paṭṭhāya ca tassa tassa kammassa viññātattā suviññeyyo bhavissati.
216.Vivādādhikaraṇassa kiṃ mūlantiādīni pāḷivaseneva veditabbāni.
220.『『Vivādādhikaraṇaṃsiyā kusala』』ntiādīsu yena vivadanti, so cittuppādo vivādo, samathehi ca adhikaraṇīyatāya adhikaraṇanti evamādinā nayena attho daṭṭhabbo.
"不侵犯比丘尼"是指進入比丘尼的內部。關於爭論、爭端等的言語意義,在對不良過失的描述中已經說明。"因成熟而交談"是指為心的痛苦而交談;意思是粗魯的言語。"誰在那裡誹謗"是指在誹謗者中的誹謗。"誹謗"是表示方式;"誹謗"是意義。"不說"和"不重複"只是誹謗的同義詞。"反覆誹謗"是指用身、心、語在同一處反覆誹謗;意思是誹謗的狀態。"壓倒性"是指"為什麼不誹謗,我將誹謗"這樣鼓起勇氣進行誹謗。"給予支援"是指展示前一言語的原因,並用后一言語給予支援。 "應作之事和應為之事"中,"應作之事"就是應作,"應作之事的狀態"是應作性,"應為之事的狀態"是應為性;這兩者都是僧團行為的專門術語。"申請行為"等是該行為的分支術語。在這裡,申請行為是指在界限內凈化僧團,獲取有資格者的同意,經過三次宣告,得到和諧僧團的認可而進行的行為。提案行為是指按照前述方式,得到和諧僧團的認可,通過一次提案進行的行為。第二次提案行為是指按照前述方式,得到和諧僧團的認可,通過一次提案和一次宣告進行的行為。第四次提案行為是指按照前述方式,得到和諧僧團的認可,通過一次提案和三次宣告進行的行為。 在這裡,申請行為必須經過申請後進行,不能按照提案行為等進行。提案行為也必須只在提出一次提案後進行,不能按照申請行為等進行。第二次提案行為既可以經過申請後進行,也可以不經過申請。在這裡,界限確定、界限撤銷、佈施僧衣、僧衣提取、小屋場地宣告、寺院場地宣告這六種行為是嚴重的,不得不經過申請進行。必須經過宣告第二次提案行為的言語。其餘十三種確定,如住處接收、死者衣物施捨等,這類輕微行為可以不經過申請進行。不能按照提案行為和第四次提案行為進行。第四次提案行為必須經過提案和三次宣告後進行,不能按照申請行為等進行。這是簡要說明。 詳細地說,這四種行為將在《戒律問答》的行為部分,按照"以多少方式失敗"等方式得到裁決。那裡未闡明的部分,我們將在行為部分詳細解釋。這樣,解釋就不會在不恰當的地方進行,並且從一開始就對每一種行為的瞭解將變得更加清晰。 關於爭論爭端的根源等,應根據巴利文理解。 在"爭論爭端可能是善的"等情況中,他們爭論的對象是心的產生,爭論;通過止息可以處理爭端,因此爭端應這樣理解。
222.Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ siyā akusalaṃ siyā abyākataṃ, natthi āpattādhikaraṇaṃ kusalanti ettha sandhāya bhāsitavasena attho veditabbo. Yasmiñhi pathavikhaṇanādike āpattādhikaraṇe kusalacittaṃ aṅgaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ sati na sakkā vattuṃ 『『natthi āpattādhikaraṇaṃ kusala』』nti, tasmā nayidaṃ aṅgappahonakacittaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Idaṃ pana sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yaṃ tāva āpattādhikaraṇaṃ lokavajjaṃ, taṃ ekantato akusalameva, tattha 『『siyā akusala』』nti vikappo natthi. Yaṃ pana paṇṇattivajjaṃ, taṃ yasmā sañcicca 『『imaṃ āpattiṃ vītikkamāmī』』ti vītikkamantasseva akusalaṃ hoti, asañcicca pana kiñci ajānantassa sahaseyyādivasena āpajjato abyākataṃ hoti, tasmā tattha sañciccāsañciccavasena imaṃ vikappabhāvaṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ – 『『āpattādhikaraṇaṃ siyā akusalaṃ, siyā abyākataṃ, natthi āpattādhikaraṇaṃ kusala』』nti.
Sace pana 『『yaṃ kusalacitto āpajjati, idaṃ vuccati āpattādhikaraṇaṃ kusala』』nti vadeyya, acittakānaṃ pana eḷakalomapadasodhammādisamuṭṭhānānampi kusalacittaṃ āpajjeyya, na ca tattha vijjamānampi kusalacittaṃ āpattiyā aṅgaṃ. Kāyavacīviññattivasena pana calitappavattānaṃ kāyavācānaṃ aññatarameva aṅgaṃ, tañca rūpakkhandhapariyāpannattā abyākatanti.
Yaṃ jānantotiādimhi pana ayamattho – yaṃ cittaṃ āpattiyā aṅgaṃ hoti, tena vatthuṃ jānanto 『『idaṃ vītikkamāmī』』ti ca vītikkamākārena saddhiṃ jānanto sañjānanto vītikkamacetanāvasena cetetvā pakappetvā upakkamavasena maddanto abhivitaritvā nirāsaṅkacittaṃ pesetvā yaṃ āpattādhikaraṇaṃ vītikkamaṃ āpajjati, tassa evaṃ vītikkamato yo vītikkamo, idaṃ vuccati 『『āpattādhikaraṇaṃ akusala』』nti.
Abyākatavārepi yaṃ cittaṃ āpattiyā aṅgaṃ hoti, tassa abhāvena ajānanto vītikkamākārena ca saddhiṃ ajānanto asañjānanto āpattiaṅgabhūtāya vītikkamacetanāya abhāvena acetetvā sañcicca maddanassa abhāvena anabhivitaritvā nirāsaṅkacittaṃ apesetvā yaṃ āpattādhikaraṇaṃ vītikkamaṃ āpajjati, tassa evaṃ vītikkamato yo vītikkamo, idaṃ vuccati 『『āpattādhikaraṇaṃ abyākata』』nti.
224.Ayaṃ vivādo no adhikaraṇantiādīsu samathehi adhikaraṇīyatāya abhāvato noadhikaraṇanti evamattho veditabbo.
Adhikaraṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
Adhikaraṇavūpasamanasamathakathā
228.Yāvatikā ca bhikkhū kammappattāti ettha catuvaggakaraṇe kamme cattāro, pañcavaggakaraṇe pañca, dasavaggakaraṇe dasa, vīsativaggakaraṇe vīsati bhikkhū kammappattāti veditabbā.
230.Supariggahitanti suṭṭhu pariggahitaṃ katvā sampaṭicchitabbaṃ. Sampaṭicchitvā ca pana 『『ajja bhaṇḍakaṃ dhovāma, ajja pattaṃ pacāma, ajjeko palibodho atthī』』ti mānaniggahatthāya katipāhaṃ atikkāmetabbaṃ.
231.Anantāni ceva bhassāni jāyantīti aparimāṇāni ito cito ca vacanāni uppajjanti. 『『Bhāsānī』』tipi pāṭho, ayamevattho. Ubbāhikāya sammannitabboti apaloketvā vā sammannitabbo parato vuttāya ñattidutiyāya vā kammavācāya. Evaṃ sammatehi pana bhikkhūhi visuṃ vā nisīditvā tassāyeva vā parisāya 『『aññehi asammatehi na kiñci kathetabba』』nti sāvetvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchitabbaṃ.
"過失的爭端可能是惡的,可能是未說明的,過失的爭端中沒有善的",在這裡應當理解為這樣。若在土壤開掘等的過失爭端中,善心成為一種成分,那麼在這種情況下就不能說「過失的爭端中沒有善」。因此,這裡所說的並非指善心的缺失。這裡所說的是:任何過失的爭端若是世俗的,那它完全是惡的,在那裡沒有「可能是惡」的推測。而若是規範的過失,由於被限制為「我將違反這一過失」,因此違反者本身是惡的,但若是不知情的情況下,因誤解而犯過失則是未說明的,因此在此處,基於限制與不限制的情況,指出這一推測——「過失的爭端可能是惡的,可能是未說明的,過失的爭端中沒有善的」。 若有人說「善心所犯的過失,這稱為過失的爭端是善的」,而對於那些沒有心的生物,如蟲子、毛髮等的起因,也可能產生善心,但在此情況下,即使善心存在,也不算作過失的成分。就身體語言而言,若是身體語言的某一部分在活動中移動,那麼它僅是一個成分,而這也因其屬於色法的範圍而被視為未說明的。 「他知道」這句話的意思是:若某心成為過失的成分,則他在知道對象的情況下,意識到「我將違反這一過失」,並在知曉的情況下,心中產生了違反的意圖,因此他所犯的過失就稱為「過失的爭端是惡的」。 在未說明的情況下,若某心成為過失的成分,而他因不知情而違反,因未意識到而與之相結合,因未意識到的違反意圖而不作意識地進行,若他因此而犯下過失,那麼這稱為「過失的爭端是未說明的」。 「這是爭論而非爭端」,在這裡應理解為由於缺乏止息而不構成爭端。 關於爭端的討論到此結束。 關於爭端的平息及止息的討論 「所有比丘的行為應當依照」在這裡,四分法中有四個,五分法中有五個,十分法中有十個,二十分法中有二十個比丘的行為應當被理解。 「良好地掌握」是指被很好地掌握並應當被接受。接受后應當說「今天我們洗鍋,今天我們煮碗,今天有一個人來幫忙」,以便於展示尊重。 「無量的聲音在產生」是指無數的言語從各個方向產生。「言語」也是如此。應當被視為被認可的,應該被接受或被認可,或是根據第二次提案的行為。這樣,經過認可的比丘,或在該團體中坐著的,若對外界說「其他人不應當說任何事情」,則應當對此爭端作出裁決。
233.Tatrāssāti tassaṃ parisati bhaveyya. Neva suttaṃ āgatanti na mātikā āgatā. No suttavibhaṅgoti vinayopi na paguṇo. Byañjanacchāyāya atthaṃ paṭibāhatīti byañjanamattameva gahetvā atthaṃ paṭisedheti. Jātarūparajatakhettavatthupaṭiggahaṇādīsu vinayadharehi bhikkhūhi āpattiyā kāriyamāne disvā 『『kiṃ ime āpattiyā kāretha, 『nanu jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hotī』ti evaṃ sutte paṭiviratimattameva vuttaṃ, natthi ettha āpattī』』ti vadati. Aparo dhammakathiko suttassa āgatattā olambetvā nivāsentānaṃ āpattiyā āropiyamānāya 『『kiṃ imesaṃ āpattiṃ ropetha, 『nanu parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsessāmīti sikkhā karaṇīyā』ti evaṃ sikkhākaraṇamattamevettha vuttaṃ, natthi ettha āpattī』』ti vadati.
234.Yathā bahutarā bhikkhūti ettha ekenapi adhikā bahutarāva ko pana vādo dvīhi tīhīti.
Adhikaraṇavūpasamanasamathakathā niṭṭhitā.
Tividhasalākaggāhakathā
235.Saññattiyāti saññāpanatthāya. Gūḷhakantiādīsu alajjussannāya parisāya gūḷhako salākaggāho kātabbo, lajjussannāya parisāya vivaṭako, bālussannāya sakaṇṇajappako. Vaṇṇāvaṇṇāyo katvāti dhammavādīnañca adhammavādīnañca salākāyo nimittasaññaṃ āropetvā aññamaññaṃ visabhāgā kātabbā. Tato tā sabbāpi cīvarabhoge katvā vuttanayena gāhetabbā. Duggahoti paccukkaḍḍhitabbanti 『『duggahitā salākāyo』』ti vatvā puna gahetvā yāvatatiyaṃ gāhetabbā. Suggahoti sāvetabbanti ekasmimpi dhammavādimhi atirekajāte 『『suggahitā salākāyo』』ti sāvetabbaṃ. Yathā ca te dhammavādino vadanti tathā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametabbanti. Atha yāvatatiyampi adhammavādinova bahutarā honti, ajja 『『akālo, sve jānissāmā』』ti vuṭṭhahitvā alajjīnaṃ pakkhabhedatthāya dhammavādipakkhaṃ pariyesitvā punadivase salākaggāho kātabbo. Ayaṃ gūḷhako salākaggāho.
Sakaṇṇajappake pana gahite vattabboti ettha sace saṅghatthero adhammavādisalākaṃ gaṇhāti, so evaṃ avabodhetabbo – 『『bhante, tumhe mahallakā vayoanuppattā, tumhākaṃ etaṃ na yuttaṃ, ayaṃ pana dhammavādisalākā』』ti assa itarā salākā dassetabbā. Sace so taṃ gaṇhāti, dātabbā. Atha neva avabujjhati, tato 『『mā kassaci ārocehī』』ti vattabbo. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Vivaṭako vivaṭatthoyeva.
Tividhasalākaggāhakathā niṭṭhitā.
Tassapāpiyasikāvinayakathā
238.Pārājikasāmantaṃvāti ettha methunadhamme pārājikasāmantaṃ nāma dukkaṭaṃ hoti. Adinnādānādīsu thullaccayaṃ. Nibbeṭhentanti 『『na sarāmī』』ti vacanena nibbeṭhayamānaṃ. Ativeṭhetīti 『『iṅghāyasmā』』tiādivacanehi ativeṭhiyati. Sarāmi kho ahaṃ āvusoti pārājikapaṭicchādanatthāya evaṃ paṭijānāti. Puna tena ativeṭhiyamāno 『『sarāmi kho』』ti paṭiññaṃ datvā 『『idāni maṃ nāsessantī』』ti bhayena 『『davāya me』』tiādimāha. Etassa tassapāpiyasikākammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sace sīlavā bhavissati, vattaṃ paripūretvā paṭippassaddhiṃ labhati, no ce tathā nāsitakova bhavissati. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.
Tassapāpiyasikāvinayakathā niṭṭhitā.
Samathakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Khuddakavatthukkhandhakaṃ
Khuddakavatthukathā
在那個團體中可能會有。"經典未曾到達"意味著基本文字未曾到達。"非經典註釋"意味著律典也未被精通。"以文字的陰影阻礙意義"是指僅僅抓住文字本身,阻礙了意義。在金銀、土地、財產接受等情況下,當律典持有者比丘正在處理過失時,有人說:"你們為何處理過失?經典僅僅說'已經戒除接受金銀',這裡並無過失。"另一位法師則說:"經典已經到達,對於那些被剝奪者,當過失被歸咎時,你們為何歸咎過失?經典僅僅說'應當學習圍繞著',這裡並無過失。" "多數比丘"在這裡,即使多一個人也稱為多數,何況兩三個人。 關於爭端平息及止息的討論到此結束。 關於三種選票的討論 "通知"是爲了使人瞭解。在隱秘選票中,對於無恥的團體,應進行隱秘選票;對於有羞恥心的團體,應公開;對於愚昧的團體,應在耳邊私語。進行好壞評價,即對正法師和非正法師的選票做標記,使之相互區分。之後,在衣物使用中,應按照先前的方式獲取。若選票被不當獲取,應被驅逐,即"選票被不當獲取"后,重新獲取,直到第三次。若選票被正確獲取,應當宣告,即當正法師的人數超過一個時,宣告"選票被正確獲取"。按照正法師所說的方式,應平息爭端。若直到第三次,非正法師仍然更多,今天說"現在不是時候,明天我們將知道",爲了破壞無恥者的陣營,尋找正法師的陣營,次日進行選票。這就是隱秘選票。 在私語選票中,若長老取了非正法師的選票,應這樣啓發他:"尊者,你已年長,已達到年齡,這不適合你,這是正法師的選票",並向他展示另一張選票。若他接受,則給予。若他不理解,則說"不要告訴任何人"。其餘部分按照先前方式。公開選票就是爲了公開。 三種選票討論到此結束。 關於更壞情況的律法討論 "接近波羅夷"中,在性行為中,接近波羅夷的是惡作。在未經允許拿取等情況下是重罪。"否認"是指通過說"我不記得"來否認。"過度否認"是指通過"請尊者"等語言被過度否認。"我確實記得"是爲了掩蓋波羅夷而如此承認。當他被過度否認時,承認"我確實記得",並因恐懼被揭發而說"爲了我"等。應對他進行更壞情況的行為。若他將成為持戒者,履行職責后可獲得平靜,若不然,他將被摧毀。其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 關於更壞情況的律法討論到此結束。 止息部分的解釋到此結束。 小事項章 小事項討論
- Khuddakavatthukkhandhake – mallamuṭṭhikāti muṭṭhikamallā. Gāmamuddavāti chavirāgamaṇḍanānuyuttā nāgarikamanussā. Gāmamoddavātipi pāṭho; esevattho. Thambheti nhānatitthe nikhaṇitvā ṭhapitatthambhe.
Kuṭṭeti iṭṭhakāsilādārukuṭṭānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ. Aṭṭāne nhāyantīti ettha aṭṭānaṃ nāma rukkhaṃ phalakaṃ viya tacchetvā aṭṭhapadākārena rājiyo chinditvā nhānatitthe nikhaṇanti, tattha cuṇṇāni ākiritvā manussā kāyaṃ ghaṃsanti. Gandhabbahatthakenāti nhānatitthe ṭhapitena dārumayahatthena, tena kira cuṇṇāni gahetvā manussā sarīraṃ ghaṃsanti . Kuruvindakasuttiyāti kuruvindakapāsāṇacuṇṇāni lākhāya bandhitvā kataguḷikakalāpako vuccati, taṃ ubhosu antesu gahetvā sarīraṃ ghaṃsanti. Viggayha parikammaṃ kārāpentīti aññamaññaṃ sarīrena sarīraṃ ghaṃsanti. Mallakaṃ nāma makaradantake chinditvā mallakamūlasaṇṭhānena kataṃ mallakanti vuccati, idaṃ gilānassāpi na vaṭṭati.
244.Akatamallakaṃ nāma dante acchinditvā kataṃ, idaṃ agilānasseva na vaṭṭati; iṭṭhakākhaṇḍaṃ pana kapālakhaṇḍaṃ vā vaṭṭati. Ukkāsikanti vatthavaṭṭiṃ; tasmā nhāyantassa yassa kassaci nhānasāṭakavaṭṭiyā piṭṭhiṃ ghaṃsituṃ vaṭṭati. Puthupāṇikanti hatthaparikammaṃ vuccati, tasmā sabbesaṃ hatthena piṭṭhiparikammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati.
245.Vallikāti kaṇṇato nikkhantamuttolambakādīnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ; na kevalañca vallikā eva, yaṃkiñci kaṇṇapiḷandhanaṃ antamaso tālapaṇṇampi na vaṭṭati. Pāmaṅganti yaṃkiñci palambakasuttaṃ. Kaṇṭhasuttakanti yaṃkiñci gīvūpagaābharaṇaṃ. Kaṭisuttakanti yaṃkiñci kaṭipiḷandhanaṃ antamaso suttatantumattampi. Ovaṭṭikanti valayaṃ. Kāyūrādīni pākaṭāneva, akkhakānaṃ heṭṭhā bāhābharaṇaṃ yaṃkiñci ābharaṇaṃ na vaṭṭati.
246.Dumāsikaṃvā duvaṅgulaṃ vāti ettha sace kesā antodvemāse dvaṅgulaṃ pāpuṇanti, antodvemāseva chinditabbā. Dvaṅgulehi atikkāmetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sacepi na dīghā, dvemāsato ekadivasampi atikkāmetuṃ na vaṭṭatiyeva; evamayaṃ ubhayenapi ukkaṭṭhaparicchedova vutto, tato oraṃ pana navaṭṭanabhāvo nāma natthi.
Kocchena osaṇṭhentīti kocchena olikhitvā sannisīdāpenti. Phaṇakenāti dantamayādīsu yena kenaci. Hatthaphaṇakenāti hattheneva phaṇakiccaṃ karontā aṅgulīhi osaṇṭhenti. Sitthatelakenāti madhusitthakaniyyāsādīsu yena kenaci cikkalena. Udakatelakenāti udakamissakena telena. Maṇḍanatthāya sabbattha dukkaṭaṃ, uddhalomena pana anulomanipātanatthaṃ hatthaṃ temetvā sīsaṃ puñchitabbaṃ. Uṇhābhitattarajasirānampi allahatthena puñchituṃ vaṭṭati.
在小事項章中 - "搏擊手"是指拳擊手。"城市居民"是指沉迷於膚色裝飾的城市人。"城市居民"也是另一種讀法;意思相同。"立柱"是指在沐浴處所埋立的柱子。 "墻"是指磚塊、石塊或木頭墻的某一種。"在平臺上沐浴"是指在平臺上,如樹板一樣砍削,按八格形式切割並埋在沐浴處,然後撒上粉末,人們用身體摩擦。"天神手"是指在沐浴處放置的木製手,據說人們用它拿取粉末並摩擦身體。"庫魯文達線"是指用庫魯文達石粉與漆結合製成的球狀束,雙手抓住並摩擦身體。"分開進行按摩"是指彼此用身體摩擦身體。"按摩塊"是指用鱷魚牙切割,按鱷魚根部形狀製作的塊,即使對病人也不允許。 "未製作的按摩塊"是指未切割牙齒而製作的,僅對病人不允許;但磚塊或碎片是允許的。"燈芯"是指衣服的邊緣;因此任何人在沐浴時都可以用浴巾邊緣摩擦背部。"廣泛按摩"是指手部按摩,因此所有人都可以用手按摩背部。 "耳墜"是指從耳朵垂下的耳環等的稱呼;不僅僅是耳墜,任何耳部裝飾,甚至棕櫚葉也不允許。"頸帶"是指任何垂下的線。"頸部裝飾"是指任何頸部飾品。"腰帶"是指任何腰部裝飾,甚至僅僅是線。"手環"是指手鐲。其他明顯的裝飾品,任何在肘部以下的手臂裝飾都不允許。 "兩個月或兩指長"中,如果頭髮在兩個月內達到兩指長,則應在兩個月內剪掉。不允許超過兩指長。即使頭髮不長,也不允許超過兩個月哪怕一天;這是兩種情況下的最高限制,低於此限制則沒有不允許的情況。 "用梳子梳理"是指用梳子刮擦並使其坐下。"用牙籤"是指用任何牙製品等。"用手指牙籤"是指用手指做牙籤動作。"用油浸"是指用蜂蜜浸出的汁液等任何黏性物質。"用水油"是指水混合的油。為裝飾目的處處都是惡作,但爲了順利梳理頭髮,可以用濕手擦拭頭部。即使是熱汗濕透的頭髮,也可以用濕手擦拭。
247.Na bhikkhave ādāse vā udakapatte vāti ettha kaṃsapattādīnipi yesu mukhanimittaṃ paññāyati, sabbāni ādāsasaṅkhameva gacchanti. Kañjiyādīnipi ca udakapattasaṅkhameva. Tasmā yattha katthaci olokentassa dukkaṭaṃ. Ābādhapaccayāti 『『sañchavi nu kho me vaṇo, udāhu na tāvā』』ti jānanatthaṃ; 『『jiṇṇo nu khomhi no』』ti evaṃ āyusaṅkhāraṃ olokanatthampi vaṭṭatīti vuttaṃ.
Mukhaṃ ālimpantīti vippasannachavirāgakarehi mukhālepanehi ālimpanti. Ummaddentīti nānāummaddanehi ummaddenti. Cuṇṇentīti mukhacuṇṇakena makkhenti. Manosilikāya mukhaṃ lañchentīti manosilāya tilakādīni lañchanāni karonti, tāni haritālādīhipi na vaṭṭantiyeva. Aṅgarāgādayo pākaṭāyeva. Sabbattha dukkaṭaṃ.
248.Nabhikkhave naccaṃ vātiādīsu yaṃkiñci naccaṃ antamaso moranaccampi dassanāya gacchantassa dukkaṭaṃ. Sayampi naccantassa vā naccāpentassa vā dukkaṭameva. Gītampi yaṃkiñci naṭagītaṃ vā sādhugītaṃ vā antamaso dantagītampi 『『yaṃ gāyissāmā』』ti pubbabhāge okūjantā karonti, etampi na vaṭṭati. Sayaṃ gāyantassāpi gāyāpentassāpi dukkaṭameva. Vāditampi yaṃkiñci na vaṭṭati. Yaṃ pana niṭṭhubhanto vā sāsaṅke vā ṭhito accharikaṃ vā phoṭeti , pāṇiṃ vā paharati, tattha anāpatti. Sabbaṃ antarārāme ṭhitassa passato anāpatti. 『『Passissāmī』』ti vihārato vihāraṃ gacchantassa āpattiyeva. Āsanasālāya nisinno passati, anāpatti. 『『Passissāmī』』ti uṭṭhahitvā gacchato āpatti. Vīthiyaṃ ṭhatvā gīvaṃ parivattetvā passatopi āpattiyeva.
249.Sarakuttinti sarakiriyaṃ. Bhaṅgo hotīti aladdhaṃ uppādetuṃ na sakkoti; laddhaṃ samāpajjituṃ. Pacchimā janatāti amhākaṃ ācariyāpi upajjhāyāpi evaṃ gāyiṃsūti pacchimo jano diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati; tatheva gāyati. Na bhikkhave āyatakenāti ettha āyatako nāma taṃ taṃ vattaṃ bhinditvā akkharāni vināsetvā pavatto. Dhamme pana suttantavattaṃ nāma atthi, jātakavattaṃ nāma atthi, gāthāvattaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ vināsetvā atidīghaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Caturassena vattena parimaṇḍalāni padabyañjanāni dassetabbāni. Sarabhaññanti sarena bhaṇanaṃ. Sarabhaññe kira taraṅgavattadhotakavattagalitavattādīni dvattiṃsa vattāni atthi. Tesu yaṃ icchati, taṃ kātuṃ labhati. Sabbesaṃ padabyañjanaṃ avināsetvā vikāraṃ akatvā samaṇasāruppena caturassena nayena pavattanaṃyeva lakkhaṇaṃ.
Bāhiralomiṃ uṇṇinti uṇṇalomāni bahi katvā uṇṇapāvāraṃ pārupanti; tathā dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ. Lomāni anto katvā pārupituṃ vaṭṭati. Samaṇakappakathā bhūtagāmasikkhāpadavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttā.
251.Na bhikkhave attano aṅgajātanti aṅgajātaṃ chindantasseva thullaccayaṃ. Aññaṃ pana kaṇṇanāsāaṅguliādiṃ yaṃkiñci chindantassa tādisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ uppādentassa dukkaṭaṃ. Ahikīṭadaṭṭhādīsu pana aññaābādhapaccayā vā lohitaṃ vā mocentassa chindantassa vā anāpatti.
"比丘們,不可在鏡子或水器中",在這裡,包括銅器等能顯示面部形象的器具,都歸入鏡子的範疇。飯湯等也歸入水器的範疇。因此,無論在何處觀察都是惡作。"因病緣故"是爲了瞭解"我的傷口是否癒合",或爲了觀察"我是否已衰老",這是允許的。 用塗抹面部是用能使面板清晰明亮的面部塗料塗抹。揉搓是用各種揉搓方式揉搓。撒粉是用面部粉末抹抹。用曼陀羅石在面部做標記是用曼陀羅石製作印記,這些即使用雌黃等也不允許。身體塗色等是顯而易見的。處處都是惡作。 "比丘們,不可跳舞"等,任何舞蹈,即使是孔雀舞,去觀看都是惡作。自己跳舞或讓人跳舞也是惡作。任何歌曲,無論是舞臺歌曲還是優美歌曲,即使是牙齒歌,在預備階段發出聲音都不允許。自己唱歌或讓人唱歌也是惡作。任何樂器演奏都不允許。但是,若有人吐痰、可疑地站立或拍手,則無過失。在寺院內站立觀看無過失。從一個禪堂到另一個禪堂說"我要觀看"則有過失。在座位廳坐著觀看無過失。若爲了觀看而起身則有過失。站在街道上轉頭觀看也有過失。 "聲音動作"是聲音行為。"破壞發生"是指無法產生,無法實現。"後代"是指我們的老師和導師也曾如此歌唱,後代隨之效仿,同樣歌唱。"比丘們,不可用延長音"中,延長音是指破壞某種規則,破壞字母。在法中確實存在經文規則、本生經規則、偈頌規則,不可破壞使其過長。應以四方規則展示圓形文字元號。"聲音朗誦"是指用聲音朗誦。據說聲音朗誦中有三十二種規則,如波浪規則、洗滌規則、流動規則等。可以選擇其中任何一種。不破壞所有文字元號,不改變,以適合沙門的四方方式進行是其特徵。 用外毛翻毛是指將毛髮向外,披上毛毯;如此穿戴是惡作。允許將毛髮向內披上。沙門規則在有關植物學戒律的解釋中已說明。 "比丘們,不可觸犯自身生殖器",僅切割生殖器是重罪。切割其他如耳朵、鼻子、手指等,或造成類似痛苦,是惡作。但因蛇咬、疾病或流血而切割則無過失。
252.Candanagaṇṭhi uppannāhotīti candanaghaṭikā uppannā hoti. So kira uddhañca adho ca jālāni parikkhipāpetvā gaṅgāya nadiyā kīḷati, tassa nadīsotena vuyhamānā candanagaṇṭhi āgantvā jāle laggā, tamassa purisā āharitvā adaṃsu; evaṃ sā uppannā hoti. Iddhipāṭihāriyanti ettha vikubbaniddhipāṭihāriyaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ, adhiṭṭhāniddhi pana appaṭikkhittāti veditabbā.
Na bhikkhave sovaṇṇamayo pattotiādīsu sacepi gihī bhattagge suvaṇṇataṭṭikādīsu byañjanaṃ katvā upanāmenti, āmasitumpi na vaṭṭati. Phalikamayakācamayakaṃsamayāni pana taṭṭikādīni bhājanāni puggalikaparibhogeneva na vaṭṭanti, saṅghikaparibhogena vā gihivikaṭāni vā vaṭṭanti. 『『Tambalohamayopi pattova na vaṭṭati, thālakaṃ pana vaṭṭatī』』ti idaṃ sabbaṃ kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Maṇimayoti ettha pana indanīlādimaṇimayo vutto. Kaṃsamayoti ettha vaṭṭalohamayopi saṅgahito.
253.Likhitunti tanukaraṇatthāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Pakatimaṇḍalanti makaradantacchinnakamaṇḍalameva.
254.Āvaṭṭitvāti aññamaññaṃ paharitvā. Pattādhārakanti ettha 『『dantavallivettādīhi kate bhūmiādhārake tayo, dāruādhārake dve patte uparūpari ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana vuttaṃ – 『『bhūmiādhārake tiṇṇaṃ pattānaṃ anokāso, dve ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Dāruādhārakadaṇḍādhārakesupi susajjitesu eseva nayo. Bhamakoṭisadiso pana dāruādhārako tīhi daṇḍakehi baddho daṇḍakādhāro ca ekassapi pattassa anokāso, tattha ṭhapetvāpi hatthena gahetvā eva nisīditabbaṃ. Bhūmiyaṃ pana nikkujjitvā ekameva ṭhapetabba』』nti.
Miḍḍhanteti ālindakamiḍḍhikādīnaṃ ante. Sace pana parivattetvā tattheva patiṭṭhāti, evarūpāya vitthiṇṇāya miḍḍhiyā ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Paribhaṇḍanteti bāhirapasse katāya tanukamiḍḍhikāya ante. Miḍḍhiyaṃ vuttanayenevetthāpi vinicchayo veditabbo.
Coḷakanti yaṃ pattharitvā patto ṭhapīyati; tasmiṃ pana asati kaṭasārake vā taṭṭikāya vā mattikāparibhaṇḍakatāya bhūmiyā vā yattha na dussati, tathārūpāya vālikāya vā ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Paṃsurajādīsu pana kharabhūmiyaṃ vā ṭhapentassa dukkaṭaṃ. Pattamāḷakaṃ iṭṭhakāhi vā dārūhi vā kātuṃ vaṭṭati . Pattakuṇḍolikāti mahāmukhakuṇḍasaṇṭhānā bhaṇḍakukkhalikā vuccati. Yo laggeyyāti yattha katthaci laggentassa dukkaṭameva. Cīvaravaṃsepi bandhitvā ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Bhaṇḍakaṭṭhapanatthameva vā kataṃ hotu nisīdanasayanatthaṃ vā yattha katthaci mañce vā pīṭhe vā ṭhapentassa dukkaṭaṃ, aññena pana bhaṇḍakena saddhiṃ bandhitvā ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Aṭaniyaṃ bandhitvā olambetuṃ vā vaṭṭati, bandhitvāpi upari ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭatiyeva. Sace pana mañco vā pīṭhaṃ vā ukkhipitvā cīvaravaṃsādīsu aṭṭakachannena ṭhapitaṃ hoti, tattha ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Aṃsavaddhanakena aṃsakūṭe laggetvā aṅke ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Chatte bhattapūropi aṃsakūṭe laggitapattopi ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati, bhaṇḍakena pana saddhiṃ bandhitvā vā aṭṭakaṃ katvā vā ṭhapite yo koci ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati.
"香木繩子出現"是指香木的繩索出現。它是將上下的網狀物包裹起來,在恒河中玩耍,隨著河水流動,香木繩子被捲入網中,之後人們將其撈起並放下;這樣它就出現了。"神通的奇蹟"在這裡是指對變化的神通奇蹟被排除,而對意志的神通則是少有排除的。 "比丘們,金子做的器皿"等,即使家庭中在飯菜中新增金色的裝飾品,也不允許食用。用石材、陶土、銅等製成的器皿,僅限於個人使用,不適用于僧團的使用,或家庭的殘餘。 "即使是鉛製的器皿也不允許,然而陶器則可以",這在《古老法》中已說明。 "寶石製成的"在這裡是指如藍寶石等寶石製成的器皿。 "銅製的"在這裡是指鑄造的銅器。 "書寫"是指爲了輕便而寫的。 "常規的"是指切割的鱷魚牙的常規。 "相互打擊"是指相互攻擊。 "托盤承載"在這裡是指"在牙齒、藤蔓等上搭建的地面托盤,木製托盤上可以放置兩個器皿",這在《古老法》中已說明。在《大論》中則說明:"在地面托盤上可以放置三個器皿,兩個則可以放置。對於木製托盤和支柱托盤,亦是如此。若是像風箏一樣的木製托盤,三個柱子固定在一起,托盤則只能放一個,在那裡放置后必須用手拿著坐下。若是在地面上放置,則只能放一個。" "中間的"是指在塗抹中間的部分。若轉動后仍然停留在那兒,則可以用這樣的方式放置。 "包圍"是指在外部的部分,形成輕微的塗抹。根據塗抹的說明,這裡也應有判定。 "小塊"是指放置的塊;若沒有則可用堅硬的土塊或磚塊等在地面上放置。若是在沙土等粗糙的地面上放置則是惡作。用陶器或木器製作的器皿可以放置。"器皿的底座"是指在大口器皿的底部的器皿。若放置在任何地方都是惡作。即使在衣物上也不允許放置。爲了放置器皿而製作的器皿則可放在任何地方。若是將器皿放置在桌子或座位上,則是惡作,但與其他器皿一起放置則可以。若是將器皿放置在上面並懸掛,則不允許,即使是放置在上面也不允許。若是將座位或桌子抬起,放置在衣物等上面,則可以放置。用手臂的束縛放置在肩膀上則可以放置。用餐的器皿也不可以放置在肩膀上,若與其他器皿一起放置或用束縛固定後放置則可以。
255.Pattahatthenāti ettha na kevalaṃ yassa patto hatthe, so eva pattahattho, na kevalañca kavāṭameva paṇāmetuṃ na labhati; apica kho pana hatthe vā piṭṭhipāde vā yattha katthaci sarīrāvayave pattasmiṃ sati hatthena vā pādena vā sīsena vā yena kenaci sarīrāvayavena kavāṭaṃ vā paṇāmetuṃ ghaṭikaṃ vā ukkhipituṃ sūciṃ vā kuñcikāya apāpurituṃ na labhati. Aṃsakūṭe pana pattaṃ laggetvā yathāsukhaṃ avāpurituṃ labhati.
Tumbakaṭāhanti lābukaṭāhaṃ vuccati, taṃ pariharituṃ na vaṭṭati. Labhitvā pana tāvakālikaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Ghaṭikaṭāhepi eseva nayo. Ghaṭikaṭāhanti ghaṭikapālaṃ. Abhuṃ meti utrāsavacanametaṃ. Sabbapaṃsukūlikenāti ettha cīvarañca mañcapīṭhañca paṃsukūlaṃ vaṭṭati, ajjhoharaṇīyaṃ pana dinnakameva gahetabbaṃ.
Calakānīti cabbetvā apaviddhāmisāni. Aṭṭhikānīti macchamaṃsaaṭṭhikāni. Ucchiṭṭhodakanti mukhavikkhālanodakaṃ. Etesu yaṃkiñci pattena nīharantassa dukkaṭaṃ. Pattaṃ paṭiggahaṃ katvā hatthaṃ dhovitumpi na labhati. Hatthadhotapādadhotaudakampi patte ākiritvā nīharituṃ na vaṭṭati. Anucchiṭṭhaṃ suddhapattaṃ ucchiṭṭhahatthena gaṇhituṃ na vaṭṭati, vāmahatthena panettha udakaṃ āsiñcitvā ekaṃ udakagaṇḍusaṃ gahetvā ucchiṭṭhahatthena gaṇhituṃ vaṭṭati. Ettāvatāpi hi so ucchiṭṭhapatto hoti, hatthaṃ pana bahi udakena vikkhāletvā gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. Macchamaṃsaphalāphalādīni khādanto yaṃ tattha aṭṭhiṃ vā calakaṃ vā chaḍḍetukāmo hoti, taṃ patte ṭhapetuṃ na labhati. Yaṃ pana paṭikhāditukāmo hoti, taṃ patte ṭhapetuṃ labhati. Aṭṭhikakaṇṭakādīni tattheva katvā hatthena luñcitvā khādituṃ vaṭṭati. Mukhato nīhaṭaṃ pana yaṃkiñci puna khāditukāmo hoti, taṃ patte ṭhapetuṃ na labhati. Siṅgiveranāḷikerakhaṇḍāni ḍaṃsitvā puna ṭhapetuṃ labhati.
"以器皿的手"是指不僅僅是手中有器皿的人,他才算有器皿的手,而不僅僅是不能將器皿放下;而且在任何情況下,若身體的任何部分有器皿在手、腳、頭或其他身體部位,均不能用手、腳、頭或任何身體部位放下器皿或拿起器皿,或用針或小工具取出器皿。若將器皿放在肩膀上,則可以隨意取出。 "果實的托盤"是指果實的托盤,無法避免。若獲得后,可以暫時享用。器皿的托盤也是如此。"器皿的托盤"是指器皿的托盤。 "我不怕"是指這種恐懼的說法。 "用所有的塵土"是指在這裡,衣物和座位上的塵土是允許的,但在獲取時只能拿到給定的部分。 "搖晃的"是指抖動和散落的食物。 "骨頭的"是指魚肉的骨頭。 "沖洗水"是指用嘴沖洗的水。在這些情況下,任何用器皿取出食物都是惡作。拿起器皿並用手洗手也不允許。用洗過的手和洗過的腳在器皿上撒水也不允許。未被沖洗的乾淨器皿無法用左手拿起,然而在這裡可以用左手沾水並用右手拿起一個水罐。即使如此,他仍然是一個乾淨的器皿,手也可以用外部的水沖洗后拿起。吃魚肉、果實或其他食物時,若想丟棄骨頭或搖晃的部分,則不能放在器皿上。若想將其放置,則可以放在器皿上。將骨頭等放在上面並用手拿起食物是允許的。若是用嘴咬下的部分,則不能放在器皿上。咬住生薑、香料等后再放回器皿是允許的。
256.Namatakanti satthakaveṭhanakaṃ pilotikakhaṇḍaṃ. Daṇḍasatthakanti pipphalakaṃ vā aññampi vā yaṃkiñci daṇḍaṃ yojetvā katasatthakaṃ.
Kaṇṇakitā hontīti malaggahitā honti. Kiṇṇena pūretunti kiṇṇacuṇṇena pūretuṃ. Sattuyāti haliddimissakena piṭṭhacuṇṇena. Saritakanti pāsāṇacuṇṇaṃ vuccati; tena pūretuṃ anujānāmīti attho. Madhusitthakena sāretunti madhusitthakena makkhetuṃ. Saritakaṃ paribhijjatīti taṃ makkhitamadhusitthakaṃ bhijjati. Saritasipāṭikanti madhusitthakapilotikaṃ; satthakosakasipāṭiyā pana saritasipāṭikāya anulomāti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Kathinanti nisseṇimpi tattha attharitabbakaṭasārakakilañjānaṃ aññatarampi. Kathinarajjunti yāya dupaṭṭacīvaraṃ sibbantā kathine cīvarampi bandhanti. Kathinaṃ nappahotīti dīghassa bhikkhuno pamāṇena kataṃ kathinaṃ; tattha rassassa bhikkhuno cīvaraṃ patthariyamānaṃ nappahoti, antoyeva hoti; daṇḍake na pāpuṇātīti attho. Daṇḍakathinanti tassa majjhe itarassa bhikkhuno pamāṇena aññaṃ nisseṇiṃ bandhituṃ anujānāmīti attho.
Bidalakanti daṇḍakathinappamāṇena kaṭasārakassa pariyante paṭisaṃharitvā duguṇakaraṇaṃ. Salākanti dupaṭṭacīvarassa antare pavesanasalākaṃ. Vinandhanarajjunti mahānisseṇiyā saddhiṃ khuddakaṃ nisseṇiṃ vinandhituṃ rajjuṃ. Vinandhanasuttanti khuddakanisseṇiyā cīvaraṃ vinandhituṃ suttakaṃ. Vinandhitvā cīvaraṃ sibbetunti tena suttakena tattha cīvaraṃ vinandhitvā sibbituṃ. Visamā hontīti kāci khuddakā honti, kāci mahantā. Kaḷimbhakanti pamāṇasaññākaraṇaṃ yaṃkiñci tālapaṇṇādiṃ. Moghasuttakanti vaḍḍhakīnaṃ dārūsu kāḷasuttena viya haliddisuttena saññākaraṇaṃ . Aṅguliyā paṭiggaṇhantīti sūcimukhaṃ aṅguliyā paṭicchanti. Paṭiggahanti aṅgulikosakaṃ.
257.Āvesanavitthakaṃ nāma yaṃkiñci pāticaṅkoṭakādi. Uccavatthukanti paṃsuṃ ākiritvā uccavatthukaṃ kātuṃ anujānāmīti attho. Ogumphetvā ullittāvalittaṃ kātunti chadanaṃ odhunitvā ghanadaṇḍakaṃ katvā anto ceva bahi ca mattikāya limpitunti attho. Goghaṃsikāyāti veḷuṃ vā rukkhadaṇḍaṃ vā antokatvā tena saddhiṃ saṅgharitunti attho. Bandhanarajjunti tathā saṅgharitassa bandhanarajjuṃ.
258.Kaṭacchuparissāvanaṃ nāma tīsu daṇḍakesu vinandhitvā kataṃ.
259.Yo na dadeyyāti aparissāvanakasseva yo na dadāti, tassa āpatti. Yo pana attano hatthe parissāvane vijjamānepi yācati, tassa na akāmā dātabbaṃ. Daṇḍaparissāvananti rajakānaṃ khāraparissāvanaṃ viya catūsu pādesu baddhanisseṇikāya sāṭakaṃ bandhitvā majjhedaṇḍake udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ, taṃ ubhopi koṭṭhāse pūretvā parissavati. Ottharakaṃ nāma yaṃ udake ottharitvā ghaṭakena udakaṃ gaṇhanti, tañhi catūsu daṇḍakesu vatthaṃ bandhitvā udake cattāro khāṇuke nikhaṇitvā tesu bandhitvā sabbapariyante udakato mocetvā majjhe ottharitvā ghaṭena udakaṃ gaṇhanti. Makasakuṭikāti cīvarakuṭikā vuccati.
"名為手把"是指手把的部分,或是用任何杖的部分來製作的手把。 "耳朵被遮住"是指被污垢所遮住。 "用填充物填滿"是指用填充粉末填滿。 "七種"是指用黃銅粉末填滿的部分。 "石頭的"是指石頭粉末;因此允許填充的意思。 "用蜜糖填充"是指用蜜糖進行填充。 "被填充的部分"是指被蜜糖填充的部分。 "蜜糖的托盤"是指蜜糖的托盤;而在《古老法》中則說明了蜜糖的托盤的適用性。 "堅硬的"是指不論如何都應當將其放置的某種堅硬的食物。 "堅硬的器具"是指將粗糙的衣物纏繞在堅硬的食物上。 "堅硬的不能被取下"是指根據比丘的標準,長的堅硬的食物不能被取下;在這裡短的比丘的衣物被放置時不能被取下,內在的食物也不允許;意指不能達到杖的標準。 "杖的堅硬"是指在其間允許將其他食物纏繞在一起的意思。 "捆綁"是指用杖的堅硬的食物的周圍進行捆綁。 "繩索"是指在雙層衣物之間的進入繩索。 "用繩索捆綁"是指與大的繩索一起捆綁小的繩索。 "用繩索捆綁的衣物"是指用小繩索捆綁的衣物。 "捆綁後用衣物纏繞"是指用繩索捆綁後用衣物纏繞。 "不均勻的"是指有些是小的,有些是大的。 "用標準"是指用任何的棕櫚葉等進行標準化。 "空無"是指用黑色的線進行標識。 "用手指接觸"是指用手指接觸到針頭。 "接觸"是指接觸到手指的部分。 "被覆蓋的"是指任何的覆蓋物,如注水器等。 "高的覆蓋物"是指用土壤覆蓋的高的覆蓋物。 "用手指抬起"是指將覆蓋物抬起並用厚的杖進行覆蓋的意思。 "用樹木"是指用竹子或樹幹進行覆蓋的意思。 "捆綁的繩索"是指用同樣的方式捆綁的繩索。 "用三根杖捆綁"是指在三根杖上進行捆綁。 "若不給予"是指在未覆蓋的情況下不提供的,屬於過失。 "而若在自己手中被覆蓋時請求,則不應被強迫給予。" "杖的覆蓋"是指像粗糙的覆蓋物一樣,在四個腳上用捆綁的繩索將水灑在中間的杖上,二者在同一位置上進行覆蓋。 "取出"是指將水取出並用器皿收集水,確實是在四個腳上用衣物捆綁后,將水取出並在中間進行收集。 "蜜蜂窩"是指衣物的窩。
260.Abhisannakāyāti semhādidosussannakāyā. Aggaḷavaṭṭi nāma dvārabāhāya samappamāṇoyeva aggaḷatthambho vuccati, yattha tīṇi cattāri chiddāni katvā sūciyo denti. Kapisīsakaṃ nāma dvārabāhaṃ vijjhitvā tattha pavesito aggaḷapāsako vuccati. Sūcikāti tattha majjhe chiddaṃ katvā pavesitā. Ghaṭikāti upari yojitā. Maṇḍalikaṃ kātunti nīcavatthukaṃ cinituṃ. Dhūmanettanti dhūmanikkhamanachiddaṃ. Vāsetunti gandhena vāsetuṃ. Udakaṭṭhānanti udakatthapanaṭṭhānaṃ. Tattha ghaṭena udakaṃ ṭhapetvā sarāvakena vaḷañjetabbaṃ. Koṭṭhakoti dvārakoṭṭhako.
261.Tissopaṭicchādiyoti ettha jantāgharapaṭicchādi ca udakapaṭicchādi ca parikammaṃ karontasseva vaṭṭati, sesesu abhivādanādīsu na vaṭṭati. Vatthapaṭicchādi sabbakammesu vaṭṭati. Udakaṃ na hotīti nhānodakaṃ na hoti.
262.Tulanti paṇṇikānaṃ viya udakaubbāhanakatulaṃ. Karakaṭako vuccati goṇe vā yojetvā hatthehi vā gahetvā dīghavarattādīhi ākaḍḍhanayantaṃ. Cakkavaṭṭakanti arahaṭaghaṭiyantaṃ. Cammakhaṇḍaṃ nāma tulāya vā karakaṭake vā yojetabbakaṃ cammabhājanaṃ. Pākaṭā hotīti aparikkhittā hoti. Udakapuñchanīti daṇḍamayāpi visāṇamayāpi dārumayāpi vaṭṭati, tassā asati coḷakenāpi udakaṃ paccuddharituṃ vaṭṭati.
263.Udakamātikanti udakassa āgamanamātikaṃ. Nillekhajantāgharaṃ nāma āviddhapakkhapāsakaṃ vuccati, gopānasīnaṃ upari maṇḍale pakkhapāsake ṭhapetvā katakūṭacchadanassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Cātumāsaṃ nisīdanenāti nisīdanena cattāro māse na vippavasitabbanti attho.
264.Pupphābhikiṇṇesūti pupphehi santhatesu. Namatakaṃ nāma eḷakalomehi kataṃ avāyimaṃ cammakhaṇḍaparihārena paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Āsittakūpadhānaṃ nāma tambalohena vā rajatena vā katāya peḷāya etaṃ adhivacanaṃ, paṭikkhittattā pana dārumayāpi na vaṭṭati. Maḷorikāti daṇḍadhārako vuccati. Yaṭṭhiādhārakapaṇṇādhārakapacchikapiṭṭhānipi ettheva paviṭṭhāni. Ādhārakasaṅkhepagamanato hi paṭṭhāya chiddaṃ viddhampi aviddhampi vaṭṭatiyeva. Ekabhājaneti ettha sace eko bhikkhu bhājanato phalaṃ vā pūvaṃ vā gahetvā gacchati, tasmiṃ apagate itarassa sesakaṃ bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Itarassāpi tasmiṃ khīṇe puna gahetuṃ vaṭṭati.
265.Aṭṭhahaṅgehīti ettha ekekenapi aṅgena samannāgatassa antosīmāya vā nissīmaṃ gantvā nadīādīsu vā nikkujjituṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Evaṃ nikkujjite pana patte tassa gehe koci deyyadhammo na gahetabbo – 『『asukassa gehe bhikkhaṃ mā gaṇhitthā』』ti aññesu vihāresupi pesetabbaṃ. Ukkujjanakāle pana yāvatatiyaṃ yācāpetvā hatthapāsaṃ vijahāpetvā ñattidutiyakammena ukkujjitabbo.
"異樣的身體"是指有不潔的身體。 "門框"是指與門的兩側相稱的框架,那裡有三個或四個切口,放置針。 "獼猴的頭"是指在門框上被打破後進入的頭部。 "針"是指中間有切口的部分。 "器皿"是指在上面連線的部分。 "圓形的"是指用低矮的衣物進行清理。 "煙霧的"是指煙霧從切口中流出。 "用香氣"是指用香氣進行清理。 "水的地方"是指水的放置地點。在那裡,水應當用器皿放置並由聲聞進行搖動。 "柱子"是指門柱。 "遮蓋"是指在這裡,動物的遮蓋和水的遮蓋都適用,其他的如問候等不適用。 "衣物的遮蓋"在所有的工作中都適用。 "水不算"是指洗澡的水不算。 "重物"是指像葉子一樣的水的重物。 "長的托盤"是指用手抓住牛等,進行拉扯的方式。 "輪子"是指像阿拉漢的器皿。 "面板的部分"是指用秤或托盤來使用的面板容器。 "顯而易見"是指沒有被遮蓋。 "水的收集"是指用木材、骨頭或其他材料製作的器皿,若沒有的話,也可以用衣物來收集水。 "水的母體"是指水的來源。 "被標記的動物房"是指用羽毛製成的部分,放置在動物的上方,形成的覆蓋物。 "四個月的坐"是指坐著的四個月不能離開。 "花瓣的散落"是指用花瓣進行裝飾。 "名為手把"是指用小蟲製作的面板部分。 "用鉛或銀製作的"是指用鉛或銀製作的部分,由於被遮蓋,所以木製的也不適用。 "小蟲"是指用杖的部分。 "用支撐的葉子、支撐的後背"等在這裡被放置。 "支撐的數量"從開始到結束,切口是否被打破都適用。 "單個的容器"是指如果一個比丘拿著容器的果實或穀物離開,在他離開后,其他的可以繼續享用。如果其他的在他離開后再次被拿走也是可以的。 "八個部分"是指在每個部分的邊界上,向內移動並在河流等地方進行清理。這樣清理后,家中不應有任何給付物——"在某個家中不要收取乞討"——在其他的寺院中也應如此。若在清理時,應當允許請求三次,放下手中的東西並通過通知第二次的工作進行清理。
268.Purakkhatvāti aggato katvā. Saṃharantūti saṃhariyantu. Celapaṭikanti celasantharaṃ. So kira 『『sace ahaṃ puttaṃ lacchāmi, akkamissati me bhagavā celapaṭika』』nti iminā ajjhāsayena santhari, abhabbo cesa puttalābhāya; tasmā bhagavā na akkami. Yadi akkameyya, pacchā puttaṃ alabhanto 『『nāyaṃ sabbaññū』』ti diṭṭhiṃ gaṇheyya. Idaṃ tāva bhagavato anakkamane kāraṇaṃ. Yasmā pana bhikkhūpi ye ajānantā akkameyyuṃ, te gihīnaṃ paribhūtā bhaveyyuṃ; tasmā bhikkhū paribhavato mocetuṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesi. Idaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpane kāraṇaṃ.
Maṅgalatthāya yāciyamānenāti apagatagabbhā vā hotu garugabbhā vā, evarūpesu ṭhānesu maṅgalatthāya yāciyamānena akkamituṃ vaṭṭati. Dhotapādakaṃ nāma pādadhovanaṭṭhāne dhotehi pādehi akkamanatthāya paccattharaṇaṃ atthataṃ hoti, taṃ akkamituṃ vaṭṭati.
269.Katakaṃ nāma padumakaṇṇikākāraṃ pādaghaṃsanatthaṃ kaṇṭake uṭṭhāpetvā kataṃ. Taṃ vaṭṭaṃ vā hotu caturassādibhedaṃ vā, bāhulikānuyogattā paṭikkhittameva, neva paṭiggahetuṃ na paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Sakkharāti pāsāṇo vuccati; pāsāṇapheṇakopi vaṭṭati. Vidhūpananti vījanī vuccati . Tālavaṇṭaṃ pana tālapaṇṇehi vā kataṃ hotu veḷudantavilīvehi vā morapiñchehi vā cammavikatīhi vā sabbaṃ vaṭṭati. Makasabījanī dantamayavisāṇamayadaṇḍakāpi vaṭṭati, vākamayabījaniyā ketakapārohakuntālapaṇṇādimayāpi saṅgahitā.
270.Gilānassa chattanti ettha yassa kāyaḍāho vā pittakopo vā hoti, cakkhu vā dubbalaṃ, añño vā koci ābādho vinā chattena uppajjati, tassa gāme vā araññe vā chattaṃ vaṭṭati. Vasse pana cīvaraguttatthaṃ vāḷamigacorabhayesu ca attaguttatthampi vaṭṭati. Ekapaṇṇacchattaṃ pana sabbattheva vaṭṭati.
Asissāti asi assa. Vijjotalatīti vijjotati. Daṇḍasammutinti ettha pamāṇayutto catuhatthoyeva daṇḍo sammannitvā dātabbo. Tato ūnātiritto vināpi sammutiyā sabbesaṃ vaṭṭati. Sikkā pana agilānassa na vaṭṭati, gilānassāpi sammannitvāva dātabbā.
273.Romanthakassāti ettha ṭhapetvā romanthakaṃ sesānaṃ āgataṃ uggāraṃ mukhe sandhāretvā gilantānaṃ āpatti. Sace pana asandhāritameva paragalaṃ gacchati, vaṭṭati.
Yaṃ diyyamānanti yaṃ dāyakehi diyyamānaṃ paṭiggahitabhājanato bahi patitaṃ, taṃ bhikkhunā sāmaṃ gahetvā paribhuñjituṃ anujānāmīti attho. Idaṃ bhojanavagge vaṇṇitameva.
274.Kuppaṃ karissāmīti saddaṃ karissāmi. Nakhādīhi nakhacchedane āpatti natthi, anurakkhaṇatthaṃ pana nakhacchedanaṃ anuññātaṃ. Vīsatimaṭṭhanti vīsatipi nakhe likhitamaṭṭhe kārāpenti. Malamattanti nakhato malamattaṃ apakaḍḍhituṃ anujānāmīti attho.
"置於前面"是指放在前面。"收集"是指應當被收集。"衣布"是指衣物的鋪墊。據說,他想:"如果我能得到兒子,世尊將踐踏我的衣布",帶著這種想法鋪墊,但他無法獲得兒子;因此世尊沒有踐踏。如果他踐踏了,之後未能得到兒子,可能會產生"他並非全知"的見解。這是世尊不踐踏的原因。又因為不知情的比丘可能會踐踏,從而被在家人輕視;因此爲了解救比丘免於被輕視,制定了此戒律。這是制定戒律的原因。 "為吉祥而被請求"是指無論是已離開懷孕期還是處於懷孕期,在這種情況下為吉祥而被請求時可以踐踏。"洗腳處"是指在洗腳處用已洗過的腳踐踏為目的而鋪設的墊子,可以踐踏。 "製作物"是指像蓮花花蕊形狀,為摩擦腳而在刺上製作的東西。無論是圓形還是方形,由於過分嬌慣而被禁止,既不能接受也不能使用。"石頭"是指石塊;石頭的泡沫也是允許的。"驅蚊"是指扇子。無論是用棕櫚葉、竹子、孔雀羽毛還是皮革製成的扇子都是允許的。蒼蠅扇子、象牙或角制的扇子也是允許的,草制的扇子也包括在內。 "生病者的傘"是指對於身體發熱、膽汁激動、眼睛虛弱或其他任何疾病,無論在村莊還是森林中,都允許使用傘。在雨季時,為保護衣物和防範野獸盜賊的危險,也允許使用。單層葉子製成的傘在任何地方都是允許的。 "應該是劍"是指劍應該是。"光照"是指發光。"杖的認可"是指只有四肘長度的杖經過認可后才能給予。低於或高於此長度的,無需認可都是允許的。但對於非病人不允許,即使是病人也必須經過認可后才能給予。 "反芻者"是指除了反芻外,其他返上來的食物在口中被抑制的,算作過失。如果未被抑制就直接進入他人的喉嚨,則是允許的。 "被給予的"是指被施捨者給予,從接受的容器外掉落的,允許比丘自己拿取並使用。這在飲食類別中已有詳細說明。 "我將發出聲音"是指將發出聲音。剪指甲等沒有過失,爲了保養允許剪指甲。二十個指甲都可以修剪。"污垢"是指允許從指甲上除去少許污垢。
275.Khurasipāṭikanti khurakosakaṃ . Massuṃ kappāpentīti kattariyā massuṃ chedāpenti. Massuṃ vaḍḍhāpentīti massuṃ dīghaṃ kārenti. Golomikanti hanukamhi dīghaṃ katvā ṭhapitaṃ eḷakamassu vuccati. Caturassakanti catukoṇaṃ. Parimukhanti ure lomasaṃharaṇaṃ. Aḍḍhadukanti udare lomarājiṭṭhapanaṃ. Āpatti dukkaṭassāti massukappāpanādīsu sabbattha āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ābādhappaccayā sambādhe lomanti gaṇḍavaṇarudhiādiābādhappaccayā. Kattarikāyāti gaṇḍavaṇarudhisīsarogābādhappaccayā. Sakkharādīhi nāsikālomaggāhāpane āpatti natthi. Anurakkhaṇatthaṃ pana saṇḍāso anuññāto. Na bhikkhave palitaṃ gāhāpetabbanti ettha yaṃ bhamukāya vā nalāṭe vā dāṭhikāya vā uggantvā bībhacchaṃ ṭhitaṃ, tādisaṃ lomaṃ palitaṃ vā apalitaṃ vā gāhāpetuṃ vaṭṭati.
277.Kaṃsapattharikāti kaṃsabhaṇḍavāṇijā. Bandhanamattanti vāsikattarayaṭṭhiādīnaṃ bandhanamattaṃ.
278.Nabhikkhave akāyabandhanenāti ettha abandhitvā nikkhamantena yattha sarati, tattha bandhitabbaṃ. Āsanasālāya bandhissāmīti gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Saritvā yāva na bandhati, na tāva piṇḍāya caritabbaṃ. Kalābukaṃ nāma bahurajjukaṃ. Deḍḍubhakaṃ nāma udakasappasīsasadisaṃ. Murajaṃ nāma murajavaṭṭisaṇṭhānaṃ veṭhetvā kataṃ. Maddavīṇaṃ nāma pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānaṃ. Īdisañhi ekampi na vaṭṭati, pageva bahūni. Paṭṭikaṃ sūkarantakanti ettha pakativītā vā macchakaṇṭakavāyimā vā paṭṭikā vaṭṭati, sesā kuñjaracchikādibhedā na vaṭṭanti. Sūkarantakaṃ nāma kuñjikākosakasaṇṭhānaṃ hoti. Ekarajjukaṃ pana muddikakāyabandhanañca sūkarantakaṃ anulometi. Anujānāmi bhikkhave murajaṃ maddavīṇanti idaṃ dasāsuyeva anuññātaṃ . Pāmaṅgadasā cettha catunnaṃ upari na vaṭṭati. Sobhaṇaṃ nāma veṭhetvā mukhavaṭṭisibbanaṃ. Guṇakaṃ nāma mudiṅgasaṇṭhānena sibbanaṃ; evaṃ sibbitā hi antā thirā honti. Pavanantoti pāsanto vuccati.
"剃刀的盒子"是指剃刀的容器。"允許修剪鬍鬚"是指用剪刀剪除鬍鬚。"使鬍鬚生長"是指使鬍鬚變長。"羊毛"是指在下巴上長期保持的羊毛鬍鬚。"四方形"是指四角。"面部"是指胸部的毛髮收集。"半雙"是指腹部毛髮排列。"犯輕罪"是指在所有修剪鬍鬚等情況下都犯輕罪。"因疾病而"是指因癤、血管等疾病。"用剪刀"是指因癤、血管、頭部疾病。對於石頭等用鼻子毛髮進行清理沒有過失。爲了保養允許使用夾子。"諸比丘,不應拔白髮"是指在眉毛、額頭或牙齒上生長的醜陋的毛髮,無論是白髮還是非白髮,都允許拔除。 "銅器攤"是指銅器商人。"僅僅捆綁"是指僅僅捆綁剃刀、杖等。 "諸比丘,不應無繫縛而離開"是指在未繫縛的情況下離開時,應在記得的地方繫縛。"我將在坐堂繫縛"是指允許前往。記得之前未繫縛,不應去乞食。"多繩結"是指多根繩子。"三角形"是指像水蛇頭的形狀。"鼓"是指纏繞鼓棒形狀製作。"柔軟琴"是指像手掌形狀。這樣的即使一個都不允許,何況多個。"編織的針頭"是指原始編織或魚刺編織的,其他如象等編織不允許。"針頭"是指類似小瓶形狀。單根繩子和指環的身體系縛以及針頭是允許的。"諸比丘,我允許鼓和柔軟琴"是在十種情況下允許的。手掌十個在四個以上不允許。"裝飾"是指纏繞並縫合口部。"鈕釦"是指像肌肉形狀的縫合;這樣縫合的末端會更牢固。"吹"是指從一側說。
280.Hatthisoṇḍakaṃ nāma nābhimūlato hatthisoṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ olambakaṃ katvā nivatthaṃ coḷikaitthīnaṃ nivāsanaṃ viya. Macchavāḷakaṃ nāma ekato dasantaṃ ekato pāsantaṃ olambetvā nivatthaṃ. Catukaṇṇakaṃ nāma upari dve, heṭṭhato dveti evaṃ cattāro kaṇṇe dassetvā nivatthaṃ. Tālavaṇṭakaṃ nāma tālavaṇṭākārena sāṭakaṃ olambetvā nivāsanaṃ. Satavalikaṃ nāma dīghasāṭakaṃ anekakkhattuṃ obhañjitvā ovaṭṭikaṃ karontena nivatthaṃ, vāmadakkhiṇapassesu vā nirantaraṃ valiyo dassetvā nivatthaṃ. Sace pana jāṇuto paṭṭhāya ekā vā dve vā valiyo paññāyanti, vaṭṭati.
Saṃvelliyaṃ nivāsentīti mallakammakārādayo viya kacchaṃ bandhitvā nivāsenti; evaṃ nivāsetuṃ gilānassapi maggappaṭipannassapi na vaṭṭati. Yampi maggaṃ gacchantā ekaṃ vā dve vā koṇe ukkhipitvā antaravāsakassa upari laggenti, anto vā ekaṃ kāsāvaṃ tathā nivāsetvā bahi aparaṃ nivāsenti, sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati. Gilāno pana anto kāsāvassa ovaṭṭikaṃ dassetvā aparaṃ upari nivāsetuṃ labhati. Agilānena dve nivāsentena saguṇaṃ katvā nivāsetabbāni. Iti yañca idha paṭikkhittaṃ, yañca sekhiyavaṇṇanāyaṃ; taṃ sabbaṃ vajjetvā nibbikāraṃ timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetabbaṃ. Yaṃkiñci vikāraṃ karonto dukkaṭā na muccati. Na bhikkhave gihipārutaṃ pārupitabbanti evaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ gihipārutaṃ apārupitvā, ubho kaṇṇe samaṃ katvā pārupanaṃ parimaṇḍalapārupanaṃ nāma, taṃ pārupitabbaṃ.
Tattha yaṃkiñci setapaṭapārutaṃ paribbājakapārutaṃ ekasāṭakapārutaṃ soṇḍapārutaṃ antepurikapārutaṃ mahājeṭṭhakapārutaṃ kuṭipavesakapārutaṃ brāhmaṇapārutaṃ pāḷikārakapārutanti evamādi parimaṇḍalalakkhaṇato aññathā pārutaṃ, sabbametaṃ gihipārutaṃ nāma. Tasmā yathā setapaṭā aḍḍhapālakanigaṇṭhā pārupanti, yathā ca ekacce paribbājakā uraṃ vivaritvā dvīsu aṃsakūṭesu pāvuraṇaṃ ṭhapenti, yathā ca ekasāṭakā manussā nivatthasāṭakassa ekenantena piṭṭhiṃ pārupitvā ubho kaṇṇe ubhosu aṃsakūṭesu ṭhapenti, yathā ca surāsoṇḍādayo sāṭakena gīvaṃ parikkhipantā ubho ante udare vā olambenti; piṭṭhiyaṃ vā khipanti, yathā ca antepurikāyo akkhitārakamattaṃ dassetvā oguṇṭhikaṃ pārupanti, yathā ca mahājeṭṭhā dīghasāṭakaṃ nivāsetvā tasseva ekenantena sakalasarīraṃ pārupanti, yathā ca kassakā khettakuṭiṃ pavisantā sāṭakaṃ paliveṭhetvā upakacchake pakkhipitvā tasseva ekenantena sarīraṃ pārupanti, yathā ca brāhmaṇā ubhinnaṃ upakacchakānaṃ antarena sāṭakaṃ pavesetvā aṃsakūṭesu pakkhipanti, yathā ca pāḷikārako bhikkhu ekaṃsapārupanena pārutaṃ vāmabāhuṃ vivaritvā cīvaraṃ aṃsakūṭaṃ āropeti; evaṃ apārupitvā sabbepi ete aññe ca evarūpe pārupanadose vajjetvā nibbikāraṃ parimaṇḍalaṃ pārupitabbaṃ. Tathā apārupitvā ārāme vā antaraghare vā anādarena yaṃkiñci vikāraṃ karontassa dukkaṭaṃ.
281.Muṇḍavaṭṭīti yathā rañño kuhiñci gacchato parikkhārabhaṇḍavahanamanussāti adhippāyo. Antarākājanti majjhe laggetvā dvīhi vahitabbabhāraṃ.
282.Acakkhussanti cakkhūnaṃ hitaṃ na hoti; parihāniṃ janeti. Nacchādetīti na ruccati. Aṭṭhaṅgulaparamanti manussānaṃ pamāṇaṅgulena aṭṭhaṅgulaparamaṃ. Atimaṭāhakanti atikhuddakaṃ.
"象鼻形"是指從臍部開始,像象鼻形狀懸垂,類似女性的內衣穿著方式。"魚尾"是指從一側向下延伸至另一側懸垂。"四角"是指上面兩角,下面兩角,如此展示四個角。"棕櫚杖形"是指像棕櫚杖形狀懸垂穿著。"百褶"是指長衣多次摺疊成圓形,或在左右兩側連續顯示褶皺。如果從膝蓋開始只顯示一兩個褶皺,則是允許的。 "纏繞著穿"是指像運動員一樣繫緊腰部穿著;對於病人或在路上行走者都不允許。即使在路上行走時,提起一兩個角懸掛在內褲上方,或在內部用一件袈裟這樣穿著,外面再穿另一件,都是不允許的。但病人可以在袈裟內部顯示圓形,然後在外面穿另一件。非病人兩人穿著時,應該整齊地穿著。因此,除了已被禁止的和在戒律說明中提到的,應該避免所有變化,整齊地遮蓋三角區域。做任何變化都會犯輕罪。"諸比丘,不應穿在家人的外衣"是指禁止穿在家人的外衣,應該兩個耳朵平整地遮蓋,這稱為圓形遮蓋。 在這裡,任何白色布料、遊方者的外衣、單件外衣、象鼻形外衣、後宮外衣、長老外衣、進入小屋的外衣、婆羅門外衣、製作者外衣等,只要不符合圓形特徵,都稱為在家人的外衣。因此,像白色布料的半裸行者、某些遊方者敞開胸部在兩肩放置外衣、單件外衣的人用一端遮背部並在兩耳和兩肩放置、酒徒等用衣服圍繞頸部並在腹部懸垂或扔在背上、後宮人員僅露眼睛遮蓋、長老穿長衣用一端遮全身、農民進入田間小屋時纏繞衣服放在腋下並用一端遮身、婆羅門在兩腋間放置衣服並放在肩上、比丘用單肩遮蓋並敞開左臂將衣服放在肩上等所有這些遮蓋方式的缺陷都應避免,應該整齊地圓形遮蓋。不這樣做,在寺院或室內不敬地做任何變化都會犯輕罪。 "禿頭環"是指國王外出時隨行搬運隨身物品的隨從。"中間懸掛"是指放在中間,可由兩人攜帶負重。 "不利於眼睛"是指對眼睛無益;會造成損害。"不悅"是指不受歡迎。"八指為限"是指按人類手指尺寸為八指為限。"過於狹小"是指極其微小。
283.Dāyaṃ ālimpentīti tiṇavanādīsu aggiṃ denti. Paṭagginti paṭiaggiṃ. Parittanti appaharitakaraṇena vā parikhākhaṇanena vā parittāṇaṃ. Ettha pana anupasampanne sati sayaṃ aggiṃ dātuṃ na labhati, asati aggimpi dātuṃ labhati, bhūmiṃ tacchetvā tiṇānipi harituṃ, parikhampi khaṇituṃ, allasākhaṃ bhañjitvāpi aggiṃ nibbāpetuṃ labhati, senāsanaṃ pattaṃ vā appattaṃ vā tathā nibbāpetuṃ labhatiyeva. Udakena pana kappiyeneva labhati, na itarena.
284.Sati karaṇīyeti sukkhakaṭṭhādiggahaṇakicce sati. Porisiyanti purisappamāṇaṃ. Āpadāsūti vāḷamigādayo vā disvā maggamūḷho vā disā oloketukāmo hutvā davaḍāhaṃ vā udakoghaṃ vā āgacchantaṃ disvā evarūpāsu āpadāsu atiuccampi rukkhaṃ ārohituṃ vaṭṭati.
285.Kalyāṇavākkaraṇāti madhurasaddā. Chandaso āropemāti vedaṃ viya sakkatabhāsāya vācanāmaggaṃ āropema. Sakāya niruttiyāti ettha sakā nirutti nāma sammāsambuddhena vuttappakāro māgadhiko vohāro.
286.Lokāyataṃ nāma sabbaṃ ucchiṭṭhaṃ, sabbaṃ anucchiṭṭhaṃ, seto kāko, kāḷo bako; iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti evamādiniratthakakāraṇapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ titthiyasatthaṃ.
288.Antarā ahosīti antaritā ahosi paṭicchannā.
289.Ābādhappaccayāti yassa ābādhassa lasuṇaṃ bhesajjaṃ; tappaccayāti attho.
290.Passāvapādukanti ettha pādukā iṭṭhakāhipi silāhipi dārūhipi kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Vaccapādukāyapi eseva nayo. Pariveṇanti vaccakuṭiparikkhepabbhantaraṃ.
293.Yathādhammokāretabboti dukkaṭavatthumhi dukkaṭena pācittiyavatthumhi pācittiyena kāretabbo. Paharaṇatthaṃ kataṃ paharaṇīti vuccati, yassa kassaci āvudhasaṅkhātassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, taṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ sabbaṃ lohabhaṇḍaṃ anujānāmīti attho. Katakañca kumbhakārikañcāti ettha katakaṃ vuttameva. Kumbhakārikañcāti dhaniyasseva sabbamattikāmayakuṭi vuccati. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
Khuddakavatthukathā niṭṭhitā.
Khuddakavatthukkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Senāsanakkhandhakaṃ
Vihārānujānanakathā
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Senāsanakkhandhake – apaññattaṃ hotīti ananuññātaṃ hoti. Vihāro nāma aḍḍhayogādimuttako avasesāvāso. Aḍḍhayogoti supaṇṇavaṅkagehaṃ. Pāsādoti dīghapāsādo. Hammiyanti upariākāsatale patiṭṭhitakūṭāgāro pāsādoyeva. Guhāti iṭṭhakāguhā silāguhā dāruguhā paṃsuguhā. Āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa saṅghassāti āgatassa ca anāgatassa ca catūsu disāsu appaṭihatacārassa cātuddisassa saṅghassa.
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Anumodanagāthāsu – sītaṃ uṇhanti utuvisabhāgavasena vuttaṃ. Sisire cāpi vuṭṭhiyoti ettha sisiroti samphusitakavāto vuccati. Vuṭṭhiyoti ujukameghavuṭṭhiyo eva. Etāni sabbāni paṭihantīti imināva padena yojetabbāni.
Paṭihaññatīti vihārena paṭihaññati. Leṇatthanti nilīyanatthaṃ. Sukhatthanti sītādiparissayābhāvena sukhavihāratthaṃ. Jhāyituñca vipassitunti idampi padadvayaṃ 『『sukhatthañcā』』ti imināva padena yojetabbaṃ. Idañhi vuttaṃ hoti – sukhatthañca vihāradānaṃ, katamaṃ sukhatthaṃ? Jhāyituṃ vipassituñca yaṃ sukhaṃ, tadatthaṃ. Atha vā parapadenapi yojetabbaṃ – jhāyituñca vipassituñca vihāradānaṃ; idha jhāyissanti vipassissantīti dadato vihāradānaṃ saṅghassa aggaṃ buddhena vaṇṇitaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – 『『so ca sabbadado hoti, yo dadāti upassaya』』nti (saṃ. ni.
"點燃草地"是指在草地等處點火。"對面的火"是指對面的火。"防護"是指通過輕微破壞或挖溝渠來防護。在這裡,如果未受具足戒,不能自行點火,但可以點火,可以平整土地、搬運草、挖溝渠、折斷濕樹枝來熄滅火,無論住處是否已到,都可以這樣做。但只能用允許的水,不能用其他水。 "有應做之事"是指在需要拿取乾柴等情況下。"人的尺寸"是指人的標準尺寸。"在災難中"是指看到野獸等,或迷路,或想觀察方向,或看到森林大火、水災等,在這種災難中允許攀登極高的樹。 "善語"是指悅耳的聲音。"我們將誦讀韻律"是指像吠陀一樣用尊貴語言朗讀。"用自己的語言"是指由正等覺者說明的摩揭陀方言。 "世間論"是指所有被吃剩的、未被吃剩的,白烏鴉、黑鷺鳥;諸如此類無意義原因相關的外道論。 "中間曾是"是指中間被遮蔽。 "因疾病"是指大蒜是某種疾病的藥;"因此"是其意思。 "排泄涼鞋"是指涼鞋可以用磚、石頭或木頭製作。排泄涼鞋也是同樣道理。"廂房"是指廁所周圍的內部區域。 "應按法處理"是指在輕罪事項中用輕罪,在波逸提罪事項中用波逸提罪處理。"為打擊而製作的打擊工具"是指除了任何被稱為武器的之外,允許所有金屬製品。"製作物和陶工"中,製作物已經被提及。陶工是指陶匠的全部泥土製屋。其餘部分在各處都很明顯。 小事項的敘述已完成。 小事項章節的解釋已完成。 住處章節 允許住處的敘述 在住處章節 - "未被制定"是指未被允許。"住處"是指半月形等建築之外的其餘居住處。"半月形"是指鳥形彎曲的房屋。"宮殿"是指長宮殿。"高樓"是指建在上層空間的尖頂宮殿,即宮殿。"洞穴"是指磚洞、石洞、木洞、土洞。"來去四方僧團"是指來的、未來的、在四個方向不受阻礙的僧團。 在隨喜偈頌中 - "寒冷和炎熱"是根據季節不同的情況說的。"在寒冷季節和雨季"中,"寒冷"是指微風觸及。"雨季"是指正直的雲雨。"這些都阻擋"應與這個詞連線。 "被阻擋"是指被住處阻擋。"爲了庇護"是爲了隱蔽。"爲了安樂"是爲了沒有寒冷等不適。"爲了禪定和觀察"這兩個詞也應與"爲了安樂"這個詞連線。這是說:住處的給予是爲了安樂,什麼是安樂?爲了禪定和觀察而感到快樂。或者也可以與另一個詞連線 - 爲了禪定和觀察而給予住處;在這裡給予住處給僧團,因為他們將在此禪定和觀察,被佛陀稱讚為最高的施捨。正如所說:"最高的施捨者是給予庇護處者"。
1.42).
Yasmā ca aggaṃ vaṇṇitaṃ , 『『tasmā hi paṇḍito poso』』ti gāthā. Vāsayettha bahussuteti ettha vihāre pariyattibahussute ca paṭivedhabahussute ca vāseyya. Tesaṃ annañcāti yaṃ tesaṃ anucchavikaṃ annañca pānañca vatthāni ca mañcapīṭhādisenāsanāni ca, taṃ sabbaṃ tesu ujubhūtesu akuṭilacittesu. Dadeyyāti nidaheyya. Tañca kho vippasannena cetasā na cittappasādaṃ virādhetvā, evaṃ vippasannacittassa hi te tassa dhammaṃ desenti…pe… parinibbāti anāsavoti.
296.Āviñchanacchiddaṃ āviñchanarajjunti ettha rajju nāma sacepi dīpinaṅguṭṭhena katā hoti, vaṭṭatiyeva; na kāci na vaṭṭati. Tīṇi tāḷānīti tisso kuñcikāyo. Yantakaṃ sūcikanti ettha yaṃ yaṃ jānāti taṃ taṃ yantakaṃ, tassa vivaraṇasūcikañca kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Vedikāvātapānaṃ nāma cetiye vedikāsadisaṃ. Jālavātapānaṃ nāma jālakabaddhaṃ. Salākavātapānaṃ nāma thambhakavātapānaṃ. Cakkalikanti ettha coḷakapādapuñchanaṃ bandhituṃ anujānāmīti attho. Vātapānabhisīti vātapānappamāṇena bhisiṃ katvā bandhituṃ anujānāmīti attho. Miḍḍhinti miḍḍhakaṃ. Bidalamañcakanti vettamañcaṃ; veḷuvilīvehi vā vītaṃ.
1.42) "因為被稱讚為最高的,『因此智慧者是有福的』的歌謠。" "在這裡居住是博學的"是指在此處的僧院中應當具備廣博的知識和理解能力。對於他們的食物等,即他們所需的食物和飲料、衣物、床鋪等,這一切都應當是直截了當、心地坦誠的。應給予他們,這意味著應當施捨。並且應以清凈的心,不讓心中產生任何雜念;因為清凈的心中的人會為他們講解這些教法……等……最終達到無漏的涅槃。 296. "牽引繩"是指牽引的繩索,這裡的繩索即使是用手指製成的,也應當適用;沒有任何不適用的情況。 "三根棍子"是指三根小棍子。 "針的引導"是指所知的每一件事,都應當有針的引導,並且應當能夠做出解釋。 "平臺的屋頂"是指像佛塔的屋頂。 "網的屋頂"是指用網製成的屋頂。 "桿的屋頂"是指用柱子製成的屋頂。 "輪子"是指這裡的意思是可以用小腳趾來捆綁。 "屋頂的繩索"是指用屋頂的尺寸來捆綁。 "小棍子"是指小棍子。 "破損的桌子"是指破損的桌子;用稻草或其他材料製成的。
297.Āsandikoti caturassapīṭhaṃ vuccati. Uccakampi āsandikanti vacanato ekatobhāgena dīghapīṭhameva hi aṭṭhaṅgulapādakaṃ vaṭṭati, caturassaāsandiko pana pamāṇātikkantopi vaṭṭatīti veditabbo. Sattaṅgo nāma tīsu disāsu apassayaṃ katvā katamañco, ayampi pamāṇātikkanto vaṭṭati. Bhaddapīṭhanti vettamayaṃ pīṭhaṃ vuccati. Pīṭhikāti pilotikābaddhapīṭhameva. Eḷakapādapīṭhaṃ nāma dārupaṭṭikāya upari pāde ṭhapetvā bhojanaphalakaṃ viya katapīṭhaṃ vuccati. Āmalakavaṭṭikapīṭhaṃ nāma āmalakākārena yojitaṃ bahupādakapīṭhaṃ. Imāni tāva pāḷiyaṃ āgatapīṭhāni. Dārumayaṃ pana sabbaṃ pīṭhaṃ vaṭṭatīti ayamettha vinicchayo. Kocchanti usiramayaṃ vā muñjapabbajamayaṃ vā.
Aṭṭhaṅgulaparamaṃ mañcapaṭipādakanti ettha manussānaṃ pamāṇaṅgulameva aṭṭhaṅgulaṃ. Cimilikā nāma parikammakatāya bhūmiyā chavisaṃrakkhaṇatthāya attharaṇaṃ vuccati. Rukkhatūlanti simbalirukkhādīnaṃ yesaṃ kesañci rukkhānaṃ tūlaṃ. Latātūlanti khīravalliādīnaṃ yāsaṃ kāsañci vallīnaṃ tūlaṃ. Poṭakitūlanti poṭakitiṇādīnaṃ yesaṃ kesañci tiṇajātikānaṃ antamaso ucchunaḷādīnampi tūlaṃ. Etehi tīhi sabbabhūtagāmā saṅgahitā honti. Rukkhavallitiṇajātiyo hi muñcitvā añño bhūtagāmo nāma natthi, tasmā yassa kassaci bhūtagāmassa tūlaṃ bimbohane vaṭṭati, bhisiṃ pana pāpuṇitvā sabbampetaṃ akappiyatūlanti vuccati. Na kevalañca bimbohane etaṃ tūlameva, haṃsamorādīnaṃ sabbasakuṇānaṃ sīhādīnaṃ sabbacatuppadānañca lomampi vaṭṭati. Piyaṅgupupphabakuḷapupphādi pana yaṃkiñci pupphaṃ na vaṭṭati. Tamālapattaṃ suddhameva na vaṭṭati, missakaṃ pana vaṭṭati. Bhisīnaṃ anuññātaṃ pañcavidhaṃ uṇṇāditūlampi vaṭṭati.
Addhakāyikānīti upaḍḍhakāyappamāṇāni, yesu kaṭito paṭṭhāya yāva sīsaṃ upadahanti. Sīsappamāṇaṃ nāma yassa vitthārato tīsu kaṇṇesu dvinnaṃ kaṇṇānaṃ antaraṃ minīyamānaṃ vidatthi ceva caturaṅgulañca hoti, majjhaṭṭhānaṃ muṭṭhiratanaṃ hoti. Dīghato pana diyaḍḍharatanaṃ vā dviratanaṃ vāti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ sīsappamāṇassa ukkaṭṭhaparicchedo. Ito uddhaṃ na vaṭṭati, heṭṭhā pana vaṭṭati. Agilānassa sīsupadhānañca pādupadhānañcāti dvayameva vaṭṭati . Gilānassa bimbohanāni santharitvā upari paccattharaṇaṃ katvā nipajjitumpi vaṭṭati. 『『Yāni pana bhisīnaṃ anuññātāni pañca kappiyatūlāni, tehi bimbohanaṃ mahantampi vaṭṭatī』』ti phussadevatthero āha. Vinayadharaupatissatthero pana 『『bimbohanaṃ karissāmī』ti kappiyatūlaṃ vā akappiyatūlaṃ vā pakkhipitvā karontassa pamāṇameva vaṭṭatī』』ti āha.
Pañca bhisiyoti pañcahi uṇṇādīhi pūritabhisiyo. Tūlagaṇanāya hi etāsaṃ gaṇanā vuttā. Tattha uṇṇaggahaṇena na kevalaṃ eḷakalomameva gahitaṃ, ṭhapetvā manussalomaṃ yaṃkiñci kappiyākappiyamaṃsajātīnaṃ pakkhicatuppadānaṃ lomaṃ, sabbaṃ idha uṇṇaggahaṇeneva gahitaṃ. Tasmā channaṃ cīvarānaṃ channaṃ anulomacīvarānañca aññatarena bhisicchaviṃ katvā taṃ sabbaṃ pakkhipitvā bhisiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Eḷakalomāni pana apakkhipitvā kambalameva catugguṇaṃ vā pañcaguṇaṃ vā pakkhipitvā katāpi uṇṇabhisisaṅkhyameva gacchati.
"坐墊"是指四角坐墊。根據高坐墊的說法,單邊長坐墊的確可以達到八指腳的標準,而四角坐墊則應當超出標準。 "七個角"是指在三個方向上形成的某種坐墊,儘管它的尺寸超出標準。 "良好的坐墊"是指由草製成的坐墊。 "坐墊"是指用草編製的坐墊。 "小腳坐墊"是指在木板上放置食物盤子般製作的坐墊。 "果實坐墊"是指用果實形狀連線的多腳坐墊。這些坐墊在巴利文中已被提及。而所有木製坐墊都應當適用,這是此處的解釋。 "草"是指由草製成或由蘆葦編製的。 "八指為限的坐墊"是指人類的標準指頭為八指。 "小墊"是指爲了保護地面而鋪設的墊子。 "樹毛"是指來自如香樟樹等的毛髮。 "藤毛"是指來自如牛奶藤等的藤蔓的毛髮。 "草毛"是指來自如水草等的草類的毛髮。這些毛髮在所有生物中都被聚集在一起。樹木和藤蔓的種類一旦被放棄,就沒有其他生物的存在,因此,任何生物的毛髮都應當適用,且在達到標準時,這些都稱為不可用的毛髮。 不僅是生物的毛髮,所有鳥類的毛髮,包括如天鵝等的毛髮,獅子的毛髮等四類動物的毛髮也應當適用。至於如香花、木槿花等任何花朵則不應適用。香樟樹的葉子是純凈的,不應適用,但混合的則可以適用。草的五種型別的毛髮也應當適用。 "半身"是指半身的尺寸,從肩膀開始到頭部。 "頭部的尺寸"是指在三隻耳朵之間的距離,兩個耳朵之間的距離應當有一定的寬度,並且有四個角度,中央部分應當是個頭頂。 "長的"是指在特定情況下的頭部或兩頭的尺寸。 這是頭部尺寸的上限。以上的部分不應適用,而下面的部分則應適用。 "病人"的頭部和腳部的尺寸也應當適用。病人可以在保留毛髮的情況下,在上面放置墊子而躺下。 "至於被允許的五種毛髮,這些在使用時也應當適用",這是佛陀所說的。 "根據《律藏》中的教義",有些人說"我將使用毛髮",因此在放置毛髮時應當按照標準進行。 "五種毛髮"是指用五種毛髮填充的坐墊。關於毛髮的數量已經說明。在這裡,除了小草毛之外,還應當包括人類的毛髮,以及任何可用或不可用的肉類的毛髮,所有這些都是通過毛髮的收集來實現的。因此,六件袈裟的六件替換袈裟中,任一件都可以用來製作坐墊。小草毛則不應被放置,而是應按四倍或五倍的數量放置。
Coḷabhisiādīsu yaṃkiñci navacoḷaṃ vā purāṇacoḷaṃ vā saṃharitvā vā anto pakkhipitvā vā katā coḷabhisi, yaṃkiñci vākaṃ pakkhipitvā katā vākabhisi, yaṃkiñci tiṇaṃ pakkhipitvā katā tiṇabhisi, aññatra suddhatamālapattaṃ yaṃkiñci paṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā katā paṇṇabhisīti veditabbā. Tamālapattaṃ pana aññena missameva vaṭṭati, suddhaṃ na vaṭṭati. Bhisiyā pamāṇaniyamo natthi, mañcabhisi pīṭhabhisi bhūmattharaṇabhisi caṅkamanabhisi pādapuñchanabhisīti etāsaṃ anurūpato sallakkhetvā attano rucivasena pamāṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Yaṃ panetaṃ uṇṇādipañcavidhatūlampi bhisiyaṃ vaṭṭati, taṃ 『『masūrakepi vaṭṭatī』』ti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Etena masūrakaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatīti siddhaṃ hoti.
Mañcabhisiṃ pīṭhe santharantīti mañcabhisiṃ pīṭhe attharanti; attharaṇatthāya harantīti yujjati. Ullokaṃ akaritvāti heṭṭhā cimilikaṃ adatvā. Phositunti rajanena vā haliddiyā vā upari phusitāni dātuṃ. Bhattikammanti bhisicchaviyā upari bhattikammaṃ. Hatthabhattinti pañcaṅgulibhattiṃ.
298.Ikkāsanti rukkhaniyyāsaṃ vā silesaṃ vā. Piṭṭhamaddanti piṭṭhakhaliṃ. Kuṇḍakamattikanti kuṇḍakamissakamattikaṃ. Sāsapakuṭṭanti sāsapapiṭṭhaṃ. Sitthatelakanti vilīnamadhusitthakaṃ. Accussannaṃ hotīti bindu bindu hutvā tiṭṭhati. Paccuddharitunti puñchituṃ. Gaṇḍumattikanti gaṇḍuppādagūthamattikaṃ. Kasāvanti āmalakaharītakānaṃ kasāvaṃ.
299.Na bhikkhave paṭibhānacittanti ettha na kevalaṃ itthipurisarūpameva, tiracchānarūpampi antamaso gaṇḍuppādarūpampi bhikkhuno sayaṃ kātuṃ vā 『『karohī』』ti vattuṃ vā na vaṭṭati, 『『upāsaka dvārapālaṃ karohī』』ti vattumpi na labbhati. Jātakapakaraṇaasadisadānādīni pana pasādanīyāni nibbidāpaṭisaṃyuttāni vā vatthūni parehi kārāpetuṃ labbhati. Mālākammādīni sayampi kātuṃ labbhati.
300.Aḷakamandāti ekaṅgaṇā manussābhikiṇṇā. Tayo gabbheti ettha sivikāgabbhoti caturassagabbho. Nāḷikāgabbhoti vitthārato diguṇatiguṇāyāmo dīghagabbho. Hammiyagabbhoti ākāsatale kūṭāgāragabbho vā muṇḍacchadanagabbho vā.
Kalaṅkapādakanti rukkhaṃ vijjhitvā tattha khāṇuke ākoṭetvā kataṃ, taṃ āharimaṃ bhittipādaṃ jiṇṇakuṭṭapādassa upatthambhanatthaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ anujānāmīti attho. Parittāṇakiṭikanti vassaparittāṇatthaṃ kiṭikaṃ. Uddasudhanti vacchakagomayena ceva chārikāya ca saddhiṃ madditamattikaṃ.
Āḷindo nāma pamukhaṃ vuccati. Paghanaṃ nāma yaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca pādehi hananti, tassa vihāradvāre ubhato kuṭṭaṃ nīharitvā katapadesassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, 『『paghāna』』ntipi vuccati. Pakuṭṭanti majjhe gabbhassa samantā pariyāgāro vuccati. 『『Pakuṭa』』ntipi pāṭho. Osārakanti anāḷindake vihāre vaṃsaṃ datvā tato daṇḍake osāretvā katachadanapamukhaṃ. Saṃsāraṇakiṭiko nāma cakkalayutto kiṭiko.
301.Pānīyabhājananti pivantānaṃ pānīyadānabhājanaṃ. Uḷuṅko ca thālakañca pānīyasaṅkhassa anulomāni.
303.Apesīti dīghadārumhi khāṇuke pavesetvā kaṇṭakasākhāhi vinandhitvā kataṃ dvārathakanakaṃ. Palighoti gāmadvāresu viya cakkayuttaṃ dvārathakanakaṃ.
Coḷabhisiādīsu yaṃkiñci navacoḷaṃ vā purāṇacoḷaṃ vā saṃharitvā vā anto pakkhipitvā vā katā coḷabhisi, yaṃkiñci vākaṃ pakkhipitvā katā vākabhisi, yaṃkiñci tiṇaṃ pakkhipitvā katā tiṇabhisi, aññatra suddhatamālapattaṃ yaṃkiñci paṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā katā paṇṇabhisīti veditabbā。Tamālapattaṃ pana aññena missameva vaṭṭati, suddhaṃ na vaṭṭati。Bhisiyā pamāṇaniyamo natthi, mañcabhisi pīṭhabhisi bhūmattharaṇabhisi caṅkamanabhisi pādapuñchanabhisīti etāsaṃ anurūpato sallakkhetvā attano rucivasena pamāṇaṃ kātabbaṃ。Yaṃ panetaṃ uṇṇādipañcavidhatūlampi bhisiyaṃ vaṭṭati, taṃ 『『masūrakepi vaṭṭatī』』ti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ。Etena masūrakaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatīti siddhaṃ hoti。 Mañcabhisiṃ pīṭhe santharantīti mañcabhisiṃ pīṭhe attharanti;attharaṇatthāya harantīti yujjati。Ullokaṃ akaritvāti heṭṭhā cimilikaṃ adatvā。Phositunti rajanena vā haliddiyā vā upari phusitāni dātuṃ。Bhattikammanti bhisicchaviyā upari bhattikammaṃ。Hatthabhattinti pañcaṅgulibhattiṃ。 298.Ikkāsanti rukkhaniyyāsaṃ vā silesaṃ vā。Piṭṭhamaddanti piṭṭhakhaliṃ。Kuṇḍakamattikanti kuṇḍakamissakamattikaṃ。Sāsapakuṭṭanti sāsapapiṭṭhaṃ。Sitthatelakanti vilīnamadhusitthakaṃ。Accussannaṃ hotīti bindu bindu hutvā tiṭṭhati。Paccuddharitunti puñchituṃ。Gaṇḍumattikanti gaṇḍuppādagūthamattikaṃ。Kasāvanti āmalakaharītakānaṃ kasāvaṃ。 299.Na bhikkhave paṭibhānacittanti ettha na kevalaṃ itthipurisarūpameva, tiracchānarūpampi antamaso gaṇḍuppādarūpampi bhikkhuno sayaṃ kātuṃ vā 『『karohī』』ti vattuṃ vā na vaṭṭati, 『『upāsaka dvārapālaṃ karohī』』ti vattumpi na labbhati。Jātakapakaraṇaasadisadānādīni pana pasādanīyāni nibbidāpaṭisaṃyuttāni vā vatthūni parehi kārāpetuṃ labbhati。Mālākammādīni sayampi kātuṃ labbhati。 300.Aḷakamandāti ekaṅgaṇā manussābhikiṇṇā。Tayo gabbheti ettha sivikāgabbhoti caturassagabbho。Nāḷikāgabbhoti vitthārato diguṇatiguṇāyāmo dīghagabbho。Hammiyagabbhoti ākāsatale kūṭāgāragabbho vā muṇḍacchadanagabbho vā。 Kalaṅkapādakanti rukkhaṃ vijjhitvā tattha khāṇuke ākoṭetvā kataṃ, taṃ āharimaṃ bhittipādaṃ jiṇṇakuṭṭapādassa upatthambhanatthaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ anujānāmīti attho。Parittāṇakiṭikanti vassaparittāṇatthaṃ kiṭikaṃ。Uddasudhanti vacchakagomayena ceva chārikāya ca saddhiṃ madditamattikaṃ。 Āḷindo nāma pamukhaṃ vuccati。Paghanaṃ nāma yaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca pādehi hananti, tassa vihāradvāre ubhato kuṭṭaṃ nīharitvā katapadesassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, 『『paghāna』』ntipi vuccati。Pakuṭṭanti majjhe gabbhassa samantā pariyāgāro vuccati。『』Pakuṭa』』ntipi pāṭho。Osārakanti anāḷindake vihāre vaṃsaṃ datvā tato daṇḍake osāretvā katachadanapamukhaṃ。Saṃsāraṇakiṭiko nāma cakkalayutto kiṭiko。 301.Pānīyabhājananti pivantānaṃ pānīyadānabhājanaṃ。Uḷuṅko ca thālakañca pānīyasaṅkhassa anulomāni。 303.Apesīti dīghadārumhi khāṇuke pavesetvā kaṇṭakasākhāhi vinandhitvā kataṃ dvārathakanakaṃ。Palighoti gāmadvāresu viya cakkayuttaṃ dvārathakanakaṃ。
- Assatarīhi yuttā rathā assatarīrathā. Āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalāti āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalāni.
Parinibbutoti kilesaparinibbānena parinibbuto. Sītibhūtoti kilesātapābhāvena sītibhūto. Nirūpadhīti kilesupadhiabhāvena nirūpadhīti vuccati.
Sabbā āsattiyo chetvāti rūpādīsu vā visayesu sabbabhavesu vā patthanāyo chinditvā. Hadaye daranti citte kilesadarathaṃ vinetvā. Veyyāyikanti vayakaraṇaṃ vuccati.
307.Ādeyyavācoti tassa vacanaṃ bahū janā ādiyitabbaṃ sotabbaṃ maññantīti attho. Ārāme akaṃsūti ye sadhanā, te attano dhanena akaṃsu. Ye mandadhanā ceva adhanā ca, tesaṃ dhanaṃ adāsi. Iti so satasahassakahāpaṇe satasahassagghanakañca bhaṇḍaṃ datvā pañcacattālīsayojanike addhāne yojane yojane vihārapatiṭṭhānaṃ katvā sāvatthiṃ agamāsi.
Koṭisantharaṃsantharāpesīti kahāpaṇakoṭiyā kahāpaṇakoṭiṃ paṭipādetvā santhari. Ye tattha rukkhā vā pokkharaṇiyo vā tesaṃ parikkhepappamāṇaṃ gahetvā aññasmiṃ ṭhāne santharitvā adāsi. Evamassa aṭṭhārasakoṭikaṃ nidhānaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi.
Kumārassaetadahosīti gahapatino evaṃ bahudhanaṃ cajantassāpi mukhassa vippasannākāraṃ disvā etaṃ ahosi. Koṭṭhakaṃ māpesīti sattabhūmikaṃ dvārakoṭṭhakapāsādaṃ māpesi.
Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati jetavane vihāre kārāpesi…pe… maṇḍape kārāpesīti aparāhipi aṭṭhārasahi koṭīhi ete vihārādayo kārāpesi aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇāya bhūmiyā. Vipassissa hi bhagavato punabbasumitto gahapati yojanappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsantharena kiṇitvā vihāraṃ kārāpesi. Sikhissa pana sirivaḍḍho gahapati tigāvutappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇayaṭṭhisantharena, vessabhussa sotthijo gahapati aḍḍhayojanappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇaphālasantharena, kakusandhassa pana accuto gahapati gāvutappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇahatthipadasantharena, koṇāgamanassa uggo gahapati aḍḍhagāvutappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsantharena, kassapassa sumaṅgalo gahapati vīsatiusabhappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇakacchapasantharena, amhākaṃ bhagavato sudatto gahapati aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ kahāpaṇasantharena kiṇitvā vihāraṃ kārāpesīti; evaṃ anupubbena parihāyanti sampattiyoti alameva sabbasampattīsu virajjituṃ alaṃ vimuccitunti.
308.Khaṇḍanti bhinnokāso. Phullanti phalitokāso. Paṭisaṅkharissatīti pākatikaṃ karissati. Laddhanavakammena pana bhikkhunā vāsipharasunikhādanādīni gahetvā sayaṃ na kātabbaṃ, katākataṃ jānitabbaṃ.
310.Piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvāti thero kira gilāne paṭijagganto jiṇṇe vuḍḍhe saṅgaṇhanto sabbapacchato āgacchati. Idamassa cārittaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā』』ti. Aggāsananti therāsanaṃ. Aggodakanti dakkhiṇodakaṃ. Aggapiṇḍanti saṅghattherapiṇḍaṃ. Antarā satthīnaṃ karitvāti catunnaṃ pādānaṃ antare karitvā.
315.Patiṭṭhāpesīti aṭṭhārasakoṭipariccāgaṃ katvā patiṭṭhāpesi. Evaṃ sabbāpi catupaṇṇāsakoṭiyo pariccaji.
Vihārānujānanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Āsanappaṭibāhanādikathā
「馬車」是指用馬匹拉動的車。 「寶石耳環」是指寶石耳環。 「圓滿涅槃」是指通過斷除煩惱而達到的涅槃。「涼爽」是指因煩惱的熱量而變得涼爽。「無執」是指因煩惱的束縛而稱為無執。 「切斷所有依附」是指在色等一切境界中,切斷所有的渴望。「心中震動」是指通過斷除煩惱而使心靈平靜。「廣泛的」是指廣泛的利益。 「應當被稱為」是指他的言辭應當被許多人所接受和聽聞。「在園中建造」是指那些有財富的人,憑藉自己的財富來建造。那些財富不多的人和貧窮的人,則給予了他們財富。於是,他以十萬的貨幣和十萬的財富,提供了五十四條路線的安置,建立了僧院,前往舍衛城。 「劃分十萬」是指以十萬的貨幣來進行劃分。那些樹木或池塘的人,按照他們的數量進行劃分,並在其他地方進行分配。於是他獲得了十八萬的財富,帶著財富離開。 「王子這時就這樣做了」是指即使是富有的居士,看到如此豐盈的財富,也感到欣慰。「測量門」是指七層的門樓。 於是,阿那陀比尼居士在祇園精舍中建造……等……在平臺上建造,這些都是以十八座的數量進行建造的,按照一定的土地面積。因為佛陀的觀察,普納巴蘇米托居士以一遊行的土地,購買了寺院。西吉士則以三十丈的土地,購買了金磚,維薩布則以一半遊行的土地,購買了金果,卡庫桑達則以一丈的土地,購買了金象,孔那伽馬則以一半的丈的土地,購買了金磚,卡薩帕則以二十丈的土地,購買了金龜,吾等的佛陀蘇達托居士以十八座的土地,購買了貨幣,建造了寺院;如此逐漸地,財富不斷增加,故不應對所有財富感到厭倦。 「破碎」是指破裂的空間。「盛開」是指結果的空間。「將被重新建立」是指將會被恢復。通過獲得新法,僧侶應當將生活用品等收集起來,而不應當自己去做,已做的應當被知曉。 「從後面走來」是指長老在照顧病人時,走到老弱的身邊,收集所有的東西,回到後面。他的行為是這樣的。因此說:「從後面走來」。 「上座」是指長老的座位。「右水」是指右側的水。「上供」是指僧團的供養。「中間則是指四個腳之間的空間。 「建立」是指在放棄十八萬的財富后建立的。如此所有的四十五萬的財富也應當被放棄。 關於僧院的建立的討論已結束。 關於坐墊的製作等討論已結束。
316.Vippakatabhojanoti antaraghare vā vihāre vā araññe vā yattha katthaci bhuñjamāno bhikkhu aniṭṭhite bhojane na vuṭṭhāpetabbo. Antaraghare pacchā āgatena bhikkhaṃ gahetvā gantabbaṃ. Sace manussā vā bhikkhū vā 『『pavisathā』』ti vadanti, 『『mayi pavisante bhikkhū uṭṭhahissantī』』ti vattabbaṃ. 『『Etha, bhante, āsanaṃ atthī』』ti vuttena pana pavisitabbaṃ. Sace koci kiñci na vadati, āsanasālaṃ gantvā atisamīpaṃ agantvā sabhāgaṭṭhāne ṭhātabbaṃ. Okāse kate 『『pavisathā』』ti vuttena pana pavisitabbaṃ. Sace pana yaṃ āsanaṃ tassa pāpuṇāti, tattha abhuñjanto bhikkhu nisinno hoti, taṃ uṭṭhāpetuṃ vaṭṭati. Yāgukhajjakādīsu pana yaṃkiñci pivitvā vā khāditvā vā yāva añño āgacchati, tāva nisinnaṃ rittahatthampi vuṭṭhāpetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Vippakatabhojanoyeva hi so hoti.
Sace vuṭṭhāpetīti sace āpattiṃ atikkamitvāpi vuṭṭhāpetiyeva. Pavārito ca hotīti yaṃ so vuṭṭhāpeti, ayañca bhikkhu pavārito ca hoti, tena vattabbo – 『『gaccha udakaṃ āharāhī』』ti. Vuḍḍhatarañhi bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetuṃ idameva ekaṃ ṭhānanti. Sace so udakampi na āharati, tato yañca navakatarena kattabbaṃ, taṃ dassento 『『sādhukaṃ sitthānī』』tiādimāha.
Gilānassa patirūpaṃ seyyanti ettha yo kāsabhagandarātisārādīhi gilāno hoti, kheḷamallakavaccakapālādīni ṭhapetabbāni honti. Kuṭṭhi vā hoti, senāsanaṃ dūseti; evarūpassa heṭṭhāpāsādapaṇṇasālādīsu aññataraṃ ekamantaṃ senāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Yasmiṃ vasante senāsanaṃ na dussati, tassa varaseyyāpi dātabbāva. Yopi sinehapānavirecananatthukammādīsu yaṃkiñci bhesajjaṃ karoti, sabbo so gilānoyeva, tassāpi sallakkhetvā patirūpaṃ senāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ . Lesakappenāti appakena sīsābādhādimattena. Bhikkhūgaṇetvāti 『『ettakā nāma bhikkhū』』ti vihāre bhikkhūnaṃ paricchedaṃ ñatvā.
Āsanappaṭibāhanādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Senāsanaggāhakathā
「適當的飲食」是指在室內、僧院或森林中,無論在哪裡用餐的僧侶,在不適當的飲食情況下不應被打擾。 在室內應當在後面到來后拿到乞食離開。如果有人對僧侶說「請進」,則應當說「如果我進來,僧侶們會起身」。「請來吧,尊者,這裡有座位」,在被提到時應當進入。如果沒有人說任何話,則應當前往座位室,站在適當的地方。若有機會說「請進」,則應當進入。如果所到的座位被佔用,坐著的僧侶不應起身,除非有必要。若在食物、飲料等方面有任何東西被吃或喝,直到其他人到來之前,坐著的僧侶不應被打擾。適當的飲食才是重要的。 如果被要求起身,即使超越了過失,也應當起身。若被邀請,則所起身的僧侶也應當被邀請,因此應當說:「去取水吧。」對於年長的僧侶,應當在同一地點。若他不去取水,則應當告知他應當做的事,並說「請做好」。 「病人應當有適當的座位」,這裡是指那些因病而臥床的人,除了如卡薩、巴甘達、拉提薩等病人,其他的應當被安排。若有病痛,需提供適當的臥具;對於這種情況,應當在下層的臥室中提供一個臥具。若所居住的地方不臟,則應當提供更好的臥具。若有任何藥物用於治療,所有的病人都應被視為病人,因此也應提供適當的臥具。若是小病痛,則應以輕微的方式提供。 「根據僧侶的數量」是指「有多少僧侶」,在僧院中應當瞭解僧侶的數量。 關於坐墊的製作等討論已結束。 關於臥具的討論已結束。
318.Seyyāti mañcaṭṭhānāni vuccanti. Seyyaggenāti seyyāparicchedena, vassūpanāyikadivase kālaṃ ghosetvā ekamañcaṭṭhānaṃ ekassa bhikkhuno gāhetuṃ anujānāmīti attho. Seyyaggena gāhentāti seyyāparicchedena gāhiyamānā. Seyyā ussārayiṃsūti mañcaṭṭhānāni atirekāni ahesuṃ. Vihāraggādīsupi eseva nayo. Anubhāganti puna aparampi bhāgaṃ dātuṃ. Atimandesu hi bhikkhūsu ekekassa bhikkhuno dve tīṇi pariveṇāni dātabbāni. Na akāmā dātabboti anicchāya na dātabbo. Tattha vassūpanāyikadivase gahite anubhāge pacchā āgatānaṃ na attano aruciyā so anubhāgo dātabbo. Sace pana yena gahito, so ca attano ruciyā taṃ anubhāgaṃ vā paṭhamabhāgaṃ vā deti, vaṭṭati.
Nissīme ṭhitassāti upacārasīmato bahi ṭhitassa. Anto upacārasīmāya pana dūre ṭhitassāpi labbhatiyeva. Senāsanaṃ gahetvāti vassūpanāyikadivase gahetvā. Sabbakālaṃ paṭibāhantīti catumāsaccayena utukālepi paṭibāhanti. Tīsu senāsanaggāhesu purimako ca pacchimako cāti ime dve gāhā thāvarā.
Antarāmuttake ayaṃ vinicchayo – ekasmiṃ vihāre mahālābhasenāsanaṃ hoti. Senāsanasāmikā vassūpagataṃ bhikkhuṃ sabbapaccayehi sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā pavāretvā gamanakāle bahuṃ samaṇaparikkhāraṃ denti. Mahātherā dūratopi āgantvā vassūpanāyikadivase taṃ gahetvā phāsuṃ vasitvā vutthavassā lābhaṃ gaṇhitvā pakkamanti. Āvāsikā 『『mayaṃ etthuppannaṃ lābhaṃ na labhāma, niccaṃ āgantukamahātherāva labhanti, teyeva naṃ āgantvā paṭijaggissantī』』ti palujjantampi na olokenti. Bhagavā tassa paṭijagganatthaṃ 『『aparajjugatāya pavāraṇāya āyatiṃ vassāvāsatthāya antarāmuttako gāhetabbo』』ti āha.
Taṃ gāhentena saṅghatthero vattabbo – 『『bhante antarāmuttakasenāsanaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti. Sace gaṇhāti, dātabbaṃ; no ce eteneva upāyena anutheraṃ ādiṃ katvā yo gaṇhāti, tassa antamaso sāmaṇerassāpi dātabbaṃ. Tena taṃ senāsanaṃ aṭṭhamāse paṭijaggitabbaṃ. Chadanabhittibhūmīsu yaṃ kiñci khaṇḍaṃ vā phullaṃ vā hoti, taṃ sabbaṃ paṭisaṅkharitabbaṃ. Uddesaparipucchādīhi divasaṃ khepetvā rattiṃ tattha vasitumpi vaṭṭati. Rattiṃ pariveṇe vasitvā tattha divasaṃ khepetumpi vaṭṭati. Rattindivaṃ tattheva vasitumpi vaṭṭati. Utukāle āgatānaṃ vuḍḍhānaṃ na paṭibāhitabbaṃ. Vassūpanāyikadivase pana sampatte sace saṅghatthero 『『mayhaṃ idaṃ senāsanaṃ dethā』』ti vadati, na labhati. 『『Bhante, idaṃ antarāmuttakaṃ gahetvā aṭṭhamāse ekena bhikkhunā paṭijaggita』』nti vatvā na dātabbaṃ. Aṭṭhamāse paṭijaggakabhikkhusseva gahitaṃ hoti.
Yasmiṃ pana senāsane ekasaṃvacchare dvikkhattuṃ paccaye denti chamāsaccayena chamāsaccayena, taṃ antarāmuttakaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Yasmiṃ vā tikkhattuṃ denti catumāsaccayena catumāsaccayena, yasmiṃ vā catukkhattuṃ denti temāsaccayena temāsaccayena, taṃ antarāmuttakaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Paccayeneva hi taṃ paṭijagganaṃ labhissati. Yasmiṃ pana ekasaṃvacchare sakideva bahupaccaye denti, etaṃ antarāmuttakaṃ gāhetabbanti. Ayaṃ tāva antovasse vassūpanāyikadivasena pāḷiyaṃ āgatasenāsanaggāhakathā.
「優越的」是指座位的地方。「優越的分配」是指在雨季的日子,宣佈時間以便允許一個座位給一個僧侶。「以優越的方式被接受」是指被優越地接受。「優越的座位」是指額外的座位。「在僧院等地方也是如此」。「分配」是指再給予其他部分。在多餘的僧侶中,應當給予每個僧侶兩個或三個座位。不應當給予無意願者,因為不想要的東西不應給予。那時在雨季的日子被接受的分配,後來的到來者不應因自己的不喜而被給予。如果被給予的,若他願意,則可以給予這個分配或第一個分配。 「無所依靠的」是指在接近的範圍內站立。「在內部接近的範圍內」則即使遠離也能得到。「拿到臥具」是指在雨季的日子被拿到。「隨時阻止」是指在四個月的時間內,即使在水分的時候也要阻止。「在三個臥具的接受中,前者與後者」是指這兩種接受是固定的。 在內部的臥具中有這樣的決定——在一個僧院中有大收益的臥具。臥具的主人在雨季到來時,認真地提供所有的供給,照顧到僧侶的出行,給予許多修行的裝置。即使是大長老,遠道而來,在雨季的日子也會拿到,舒適地生活,計算出雨季的收益后離開。居士們說:「我們在這裡的收益無法獲得,常常來訪的大長老們才能獲得,他們會來照顧他。」因此佛陀爲了照顧他,提到:「在適當的時間內,應該拿到雨季的臥具。」 由此,僧團的長老應當說:「尊者,請拿到適當的臥具。」如果他拿到,則應當給予;若不然,按照這個方法來拿到臥具,至少應給予小沙彌。故此臥具應在第八個月被照顧。若在遮蓋的地面有任何碎片或花朵,皆應被清理。通過對日常的詢問等,白天在這裡生活也是可以的。晚上在這裡生活也可以。白天和晚上都在這裡生活也是可以的。雨季到來的人不應被阻止。在雨季的日子裡,如果僧團的長老說:「請把這個臥具給我」,則不應給予。「尊者,這個適當的臥具已經被一個僧侶在第八個月照顧過了」,因此不應給予。第八個月的照顧則是給予的。 若在同一臥具中一年內給予兩次供給,按六個月計算,則不應拿到這個適當的臥具。若給予三次供給,按四個月計算,若給予四次供給,按三個月計算,則不應拿到這個適當的臥具。僅憑供給就能獲得照顧。若在一年內只給予一次供給,則應拿到這個適當的臥具。這是關於雨季的臥具的討論。
Ayaṃ pana senāsanaggāho nāma duvidho hoti – utukāle ca vassāvāse ca. Tattha utukāle tāva keci āgantukā bhikkhū purebhattaṃ āgacchanti, keci pacchābhattaṃ paṭhamayāmaṃ vā majjhimayāmaṃ vā pacchimayāmaṃ vā ye yadā āgacchanti, tesaṃ tadāva bhikkhū uṭṭhāpetvā senāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Akālo nāma natthi. Senāsanapaññāpakena pana paṇḍitena bhavitabbaṃ, ekaṃ vā dve vā mañcaṭṭhānāni ṭhapetabbāni. Sace vikāle eko vā dve vā therā āgacchanti, te vattabbā – 『『bhante, ādito paṭṭhāya vuṭṭhāpiyamāne sabbepi bhikkhū ubbhaṇḍikā bhavissanti, tumhe amhākaṃ vasanaṭṭhāneyeva vasathā』』ti.
Bahūsu pana āgatesu vuṭṭhāpetvā paṭipāṭiyā dātabbaṃ. Sace ekekaṃ pariveṇaṃ pahoti, ekekaṃ pariveṇaṃ dātabbaṃ. Tattha aggisāladīghasālamaṇḍalamālādayo sabbepi tasseva pāpuṇanti . Evaṃ appahonte pāsādaggena dātabbaṃ. Pāsādesu appahontesu ovarakaggena dātabbaṃ. Ovarakesu appahontesu seyyaggena dātabbaṃ. Seyyaggesu appahontesu mañcaṭṭhānena dātabbaṃ. Mañcaṭṭhāne appahonte ekapīṭhakaṭṭhānavasena dātabbaṃ. Bhikkhuno pana ṭhitokāsamattaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Etañhi senāsanaṃ nāma na hoti. Pīṭhakaṭṭhāne pana appahonte ekaṃ mañcaṭṭhānaṃ vā pīṭhakaṭṭhānaṃ vā vārena vārena gahetvā 『『bhante, vissamathā』』ti tiṇṇaṃ janānaṃ dātabbaṃ, na hi sakkā sītasamaye sabbarattiṃ ajjhokāse vasituṃ. Mahātherena paṭhamayāmaṃ vissamitvā nikkhamitvā dutiyattherassa vattabbaṃ – 『『āvuso, idha pavisāhī』』ti. Sace mahāthero niddāgaruko hoti, kālaṃ na jānāti, ukkāsitvā dvāraṃ ākoṭetvā 『『bhante, kālo jāto, sītaṃ anudahatī』』ti vattabbaṃ. Tena nikkhamitvā okāso dātabbo, adātuṃ na labhati. Dutiyattherenapi majjhimayāmaṃ vissamitvā purimanayeneva itarassa dātabbaṃ. Niddāgaruko vuttanayeneva vuṭṭhāpetabbo. Evaṃ ekarattiṃ ekamañcaṭṭhānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ. Jambudīpe pana ekacce bhikkhū 『『senāsanaṃ nāma mañcaṭṭhānaṃ vā pīṭhaṭṭhānaṃ vā kiñcideva kassaci sappāyaṃ hoti, kassaci asappāya』』nti āgantukā hontu vā mā vā, devasikaṃ senāsanaṃ gāhenti. Ayaṃ utukāle senāsanaggāho nāma.
Vassāvāse pana atthi āgantukavattaṃ, atthi āvāsikavattaṃ, āgantukena tāva sakaṭṭhānaṃ muñcitvā aññattha gantvā vasitukāmena vassūpanāyikadivasameva tattha na gantabbaṃ. Vasanaṭṭhānaṃ vā hi tatra sambādhaṃ bhaveyya, bhikkhācāro vā na sampajjeyya, tena na phāsuṃ vihareyya. Tasmā 『『idāni māsamattena vassūpanāyikā bhavissatī』』ti taṃ vihāraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Tattha māsamattaṃ vasanto sace uddesatthiko uddesasampattiṃ sallakkhetvā, sace kammaṭṭhāniko kammaṭṭhānasappāyataṃ sallakkhetvā, sace paccayatthiko paccayalābhaṃ sallakkhetvā antovasse sukhaṃ vasissati.
Ayaṃ pana senāsanaggāho nāma duvidho hoti – utukāle ca vassāvāse ca. Tattha utukāle tāva keci āgantukā bhikkhū purebhattaṃ āgacchanti, keci pacchābhattaṃ paṭhamayāmaṃ vā majjhimayāmaṃ vā pacchimayāmaṃ vā ye yadā āgacchanti, tesaṃ tadāva bhikkhū uṭṭhāpetvā senāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Akālo nāma natthi. Senāsanapaññāpakena pana paṇḍitena bhavitabbaṃ, ekaṃ vā dve vā mañcaṭṭhānāni ṭhapetabbāni. Sace vikāle eko vā dve vā therā āgacchanti, te vattabbā – 『『bhante, ādito paṭṭhāya vuṭṭhāpiyamāne sabbepi bhikkhū ubbhaṇḍikā bhavissanti, tumhe amhākaṃ vasanaṭṭhāneyeva vasathā』』ti. Bahūsu pana āgatesu vuṭṭhāpetvā paṭipāṭiyā dātabbaṃ. Sace ekekaṃ pariveṇaṃ pahoti, ekekaṃ pariveṇaṃ dātabbaṃ. Tattha aggisāladīghasālamaṇḍalamālādayo sabbepi tasseva pāpuṇanti. Evaṃ appahonte pāsādaggena dātabbaṃ. Pāsādesu appahontesu ovarakaggena dātabbaṃ. Ovarakesu appahontesu seyyaggena dātabbaṃ. Seyyaggesu appahontesu mañcaṭṭhānena dātabbaṃ. Mañcaṭṭhāne appahonte ekapīṭhakaṭṭhānavasena dātabbaṃ. Bhikkhuno pana ṭhitokāsamattaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Etañhi senāsanaṃ nāma na hoti. Pīṭhakaṭṭhāne pana appahonte ekaṃ mañcaṭṭhānaṃ vā pīṭhakaṭṭhānaṃ vā vārena vārena gahetvā 『『bhante, vissamathā』』ti tiṇṇaṃ janānaṃ dātabbaṃ, na hi sakkā sītasamaye sabbarattiṃ ajjhokāse vasituṃ. Mahātherena paṭhamayāmaṃ vissamitvā nikkhamitvā dutiyattherassa vattabbaṃ – 『『āvuso, idha pavisāhī』』ti. Sace mahāthero niddāgaruko hoti, kālaṃ na jānāti, ukkāsitvā dvāraṃ ākoṭetvā 『『bhante, kālo jāto, sītaṃ anudahatī』』ti vattabbaṃ. Tena nikkhamitvā okāso dātabbo, adātuṃ na labhati. Dutiyattherenapi majjhimayāmaṃ vissamitvā purimanayeneva itarassa dātabbaṃ. Niddāgaruko vuttanayeneva vuṭṭhāpetabbo. Evaṃ ekarattiṃ ekamañcaṭṭhānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ. Jambudīpe pana ekacce bhikkhū 『『senāsanaṃ nāma mañcaṭṭhānaṃ vā pīṭhaṭṭhānaṃ vā kiñcideva kassaci sappāyaṃ hoti, kassaci asappāya』』nti āgantukā hontu vā mā vā, devasikaṃ senāsanaṃ gāhenti. Ayaṃ utukāle senāsanaggāho nāma. Vassāvāse pana atthi āgantukavattaṃ, atthi āvāsikavattaṃ, āgantukena tāva sakaṭṭhānaṃ muñcitvā aññattha gantvā vasitukāmena vassūpanāyikadivasameva tattha na gantabbaṃ. Vasanaṭṭhānaṃ vā hi tatra sambādhaṃ bhaveyya, bhikkhācāro vā na sampajjeyya, tena na phāsuṃ vihareyya. Tasmā 『『idāni māsamattena vassūpanāyikā bhavissatī』』ti taṃ vihāraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Tattha māsamattaṃ vasanto sace uddesatthiko uddesasampattiṃ sallakkhetvā, sace kammaṭṭhāniko kammaṭṭhānasappāyataṃ sallakkhetvā, sace paccayatthiko paccayalābhaṃ sallakkhetvā antovasse sukhaṃ vasissati.
Sakaṭṭhānato ca tattha gacchantena na gocaragāmo ghaṭṭetabbo, na tattha manussā vattabbā – 『『tumhe nissāya salākabhattādīni vā yāgukhajjakādīni vā vassāvāsikaṃ vā natthi, ayaṃ cetiyassa parikkhāro, ayaṃ uposathāgārassa, idaṃ tāḷañceva sūci ca sampaṭicchatha tumhākaṃ vihāra』』nti. Senāsanaṃ pana jaggitvā dārubhaṇḍamattikābhaṇḍāni paṭisāmetvā gamiyavattaṃ pūretvā gantabbaṃ. Evaṃ gacchantenāpi daharehi pattacīvarabhaṇḍikāyo ukkhipāpetvā telanāḷikattaradaṇḍādīni gāhāpetvā chattaṃ paggayha attānaṃ dassentena gāmadvāreneva na gantabbaṃ, paṭicchannena aṭavimaggena gantabbaṃ. Aṭavimagge asati gumbādīni maddantena na gantabbaṃ, gamiyavattaṃ pana pūretvā vitakkaṃ chinditvā suddhacittena gamanavatteneva gantabbaṃ. Sace pana gāmadvārena maggo hoti, gacchantañca naṃ saparivāraṃ disvā manussā 『『amhākaṃ thero viyā』』ti upadhāvitvā 『『kuhiṃ, bhante, sabbaparikkhāre gahetvā gacchathā』』ti vadanti, tesu ce eko evaṃ vadati – 『『vassūpanāyikakālo nāmāyaṃ, yattha antovasse nibaddhabhikkhācāro bhaṇḍapaṭicchādanañca labbhati, tattha bhikkhū gacchantī』』ti. Tassa ce sutvā te manussā 『『bhante, imasmimpi gāme jano bhuñjati ceva nivāseti ca, mā aññattha gacchathā』』ti vatvā mittāmacce pakkosāpetvā sabbe sammantayitvā vihāre nibaddhavattañca salākabhattādīni ca vassāvāsikañca paṭṭhapetvā 『『idheva bhante vasathā』』ti yācanti, sabbaṃ sādituṃ vaṭṭati. Sabbañhetaṃ kappiyañceva anavajjañca. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『『kuhiṃ gacchathā』ti vutte 『asukaṭṭhāna』nti vatvā, 『kasmā tattha gacchathā』ti vutte 『kāraṇaṃ ācikkhitabba』』』nti vuttaṃ. Ubhayampi panettha suddhacittattāva anavajjaṃ. Idaṃ āgantukavattaṃ nāma.
Idaṃ pana āvāsikavattaṃ – paṭikacceva hi āvāsikehi vihāro jaggitabbo. Khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇaparibhaṇḍāni kātabbāni. Rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānavaccakuṭipassāvaṭṭhānāni padhānagharavihāramaggoti imāni sabbāni paṭijaggitabbāni, cetiye sudhākammaṃ muddavedikāya telamakkhanaṃ mañcapīṭhapaṭijaggananti idampi sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ – 『『vassaṃ vasitukāmā āgantvā uddesaparipucchākammaṭṭhānānuyogādīni karontā sukhaṃ vasissantī』』ti. Kataparikammehi āsāḷhījuṇhapañcamito paṭṭhāya vassāvāsikaṃ pucchitabbaṃ. Kattha pucchitabbaṃ? Yato pakatiyā labbhati. Yehi pana na dinnapubbaṃ, te pucchituṃ na vaṭṭati. Kasmā pucchitabbaṃ? Kadāci hi manussā denti, kadāci dubbhikkhādīhi upaddutā na denti. Tattha ye na dassanti, te apucchitvā vassāvāsike gāhite gāhitabhikkhūnaṃ lābhantarāyo hoti, tasmā pucchitvāva gāhetabbaṃ, pucchantena 『『tumhākaṃ vassāvāsikaggāhakakālo upakaṭṭho』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace vadanti 『『bhante, imaṃ saṃvaccharaṃ chātakādīhi upaddutamha, na sakkoma dātu』』nti vā 『『yaṃ mayaṃ pubbe dema, tato ūnataraṃ dassāmā』』ti vā 『『idāni kappāso sulabho, yaṃ pubbe dema, tato bahutaraṃ dassāmā』』ti vā vadanti, taṃ sallakkhetvā tadanurūpena nayena tesaṃ tesaṃ senāsane bhikkhūnaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ.
Sakaṭṭhānato ca tattha gacchantena na gocaragāmo ghaṭṭetabbo, na tattha manussā vattabbā – 『『tumhe nissāya salākabhattādīni vā yāgukhajjakādīni vā vassāvāsikaṃ vā natthi, ayaṃ cetiyassa parikkhāro, ayaṃ uposathāgārassa, idaṃ tāḷañceva sūci ca sampaṭicchatha tumhākaṃ vihāra』』nti. Senāsanaṃ pana jaggitvā dārubhaṇḍamattikābhaṇḍāni paṭisāmetvā gamiyavattaṃ pūretvā gantabbaṃ. Evaṃ gacchantenāpi daharehi pattacīvarabhaṇḍikāyo ukkhipāpetvā telanāḷikattaradaṇḍādīni gāhāpetvā chattaṃ paggayha attānaṃ dassentena gāmadvāreneva na gantabbaṃ, paṭicchannena aṭavimaggena gantabbaṃ. Aṭavimagge asati gumbādīni maddantena na gantabbaṃ, gamiyavattaṃ pana pūretvā vitakkaṃ chinditvā suddhacittena gamanavatteneva gantabbaṃ. Sace pana gāmadvārena maggo hoti, gacchantañca naṃ saparivāraṃ disvā manussā 『『amhākaṃ thero viyā』』ti upadhāvitvā 『『kuhiṃ, bhante, sabbaparikkhāre gahetvā gacchathā』』ti vadanti, tesu ce eko evaṃ vadati – 『『vassūpanāyikakālo nāmāyaṃ, yattha antovasse nibaddhabhikkhācāro bhaṇḍapaṭicchādanañca labbhati, tattha bhikkhū gacchantī』』ti. Tassa ce sutvā te manussā 『『bhante, imasmimpi gāme jano bhuñjati ceva nivāseti ca, mā aññattha gacchathā』』ti vatvā mittāmacce pakkosāpetvā sabbe sammantayitvā vihāre nibaddhavattañca salākabhattādīni ca vassāvāsikañca paṭṭhapetvā 『『idheva bhante vasathā』』ti yācanti, sabbaṃ sādituṃ vaṭṭati. Sabbañhetaṃ kappiyañceva anavajjañca. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『『kuhiṃ gacchathā』ti vutte 『asukaṭṭhāna』nti vatvā, 『kasmā tattha gacchathā』ti vutte 『kāraṇaṃ ācikkhitabba』』』nti vuttaṃ. Ubhayampi panettha suddhacittattāva anavajjaṃ. Idaṃ āgantukavattaṃ nāma. Idaṃ pana āvāsikavattaṃ – paṭikacceva hi āvāsikehi vihāro jaggitabbo. Khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇaparibhaṇḍāni kātabbāni. Rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānavaccakuṭipassāvaṭṭhānāni padhānagharavihāramaggoti imāni sabbāni paṭijaggitabbāni, cetiye sudhākammaṃ muddavedikāya telamakkhanaṃ mañcapīṭhapaṭijaggananti idampi sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ – 『『vassaṃ vasitukāmā āgantvā uddesaparipucchākammaṭṭhānānuyogādīni karontā sukhaṃ vasissantī』』ti. Kataparikammehi āsāḷhījuṇhapañcamito paṭṭhāya vassāvāsikaṃ pucchitabbaṃ. Kattha pucchitabbaṃ? Yato pakatiyā labbhati. Yehi pana na dinnapubbaṃ, te pucchituṃ na vaṭṭati. Kasmā pucchitabbaṃ? Kadāci hi manussā denti, kadāci dubbhikkhādīhi upaddutā na denti. Tattha ye na dassanti, te apucchitvā vassāvāsike gāhite gāhitabhikkhūnaṃ lābhantarāyo hoti, tasmā pucchitvāva gāhetabbaṃ, pucchantena 『『tumhākaṃ vassāvāsikaggāhakakālo upakaṭṭho』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace vadanti 『『bhante, imaṃ saṃvaccharaṃ chātakādīhi upaddutamha, na sakkoma dātu』』nti vā 『『yaṃ mayaṃ pubbe dema, tato ūnataraṃ dassāmā』』ti vā 『『idāni kappāso sulabho, yaṃ pubbe dema, tato bahutaraṃ dassāmā』』ti vā vadanti, taṃ sallakkhetvā tadanurūpena nayena tesaṃ tesaṃ senāsane bhikkhūnaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ.
Sace manussā vadanti – 『『yassa amhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ pāpuṇāti, so temāsaṃ pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetu, vihāramaggaṃ jaggatu, cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇāni jaggatu, bodhirukkhe udakaṃ āsiñcatū』』ti, yassa taṃ pāpuṇāti, tassa ācikkhitabbaṃ. Yo pana gāmo paṭikkamma yojanadviyojanantare hoti, tatra ce kulāni upanikkhepaṃ ṭhapetvā vihāre vassāvāsikaṃ dentiyeva, tāni kulāni apucchitvāpi tesaṃ senāsane vattaṃ katvā vasantassa vassāvāsikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana tesaṃ senāsane paṃsukūliko vasati, āgatañca taṃ disvā 『『tumhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ demā』』ti vadanti, tena saṅghassa ācikkhitabbaṃ. Sace tāni kulāni saṅghassa dātuṃ na icchanti, 『『tumhākaṃyeva demā』』ti vadanti, sabhāgo bhikkhu 『『vattaṃ katvā gaṇhāhī』』ti vattabbo. Paṃsukūlikassa panetaṃ na vaṭṭati, iti saddhādeyye dāyakamanussā pucchitabbā.
Tatruppāde pana kappiyakārakā pucchitabbā. Kathaṃ pucchitabbā? 『『Kiṃ, āvuso, saṅghassa bhaṇḍapaṭicchādanaṃ bhavissatī』』ti. Sace vadanti – 『『bhavissati, bhante, ekekassa navahatthaṃ sāṭakaṃ dassāma, vassāvāsikaṃ gāhethā』』ti, gāhetabbaṃ. Sacepi vadanti – 『『sāṭakaṃ natthi; vatthu pana atthi, gāhetha, bhante』』ti, vatthumhi santepi gāhetuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Kappiyakārakānañhi hatthe 『『kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ paribhuñjathā』』ti dinnavatthuto yaṃ yaṃ kappaṃ, taṃ taṃ sabbaṃ paribhuñjituṃ anuññātaṃ.
Yaṃ panettha piṇḍapātatthāya gilānapaccayatthāya vā uddissa dinnaṃ, taṃ cīvare upanāmentehi saṅghasuṭṭhutāya apaloketvā upanāmetabbaṃ. Senāsanatthāya uddissa dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, cīvaravaseneva catupaccayavasena vā dinnaṃ cīvare upanāmentānaṃ apalokanakammakiccaṃ natthi, apalokanakammaṃ karontehi ca puggalavaseneva kātabbaṃ, saṅghavasena na kātabbaṃ. Jātarūparajatavasenāpi āmakadhaññavasena vā apalokanakammaṃ na vaṭṭati. Kappiyabhaṇḍavasena cīvarataṇḍulādivaseneva ca vaṭṭati. Taṃ pana evaṃ kattabbaṃ – 『『idāni subhikkhaṃ sulabhapiṇḍaṃ, bhikkhū cīvarena kilamanti, ettakaṃ nāma taṇḍulabhāgaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cīvaraṃ kātuṃ ruccatī』』ti. 『『Gilānapaccayo sulabho gilāno vā natthi, ettakaṃ nāma taṇḍulabhāgaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cīvaraṃ kātuṃ ruccatī』』ti.
Evaṃ cīvarapaccayaṃ sallakkhetvā senāsanassa kāle ghosite sannipatite saṅghe senāsanaggāhako sammannitabbo. Sammannantena ca dve sammannitabbāti vuttaṃ. Evañhi navako vuḍḍhatarassa, vuḍḍho ca navakassa gāhessati. Mahante pana mahāvihārasadise vihāre tayo cattāro janā sammannitabbā. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『aṭṭhapi soḷasapi jane sammannituṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti vuttaṃ. Tesaṃ sammuti kammavācāyapi apalokanenapi vaṭṭatiyeva.
Sace manussā vadanti – 『『yassa amhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ pāpuṇāti, so temāsaṃ pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetu, vihāramaggaṃ jaggatu, cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇāni jaggatu, bodhirukkhe udakaṃ āsiñcatū』』ti, yassa taṃ pāpuṇāti, tassa ācikkhitabbaṃ. Yo pana gāmo paṭikkamma yojanadviyojanantare hoti, tatra ce kulāni upanikkhepaṃ ṭhapetvā vihāre vassāvāsikaṃ dentiyeva, tāni kulāni apucchitvāpi tesaṃ senāsane vattaṃ katvā vasantassa vassāvāsikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana tesaṃ senāsane paṃsukūliko vasati, āgatañca taṃ disvā 『『tumhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ demā』』ti vadanti, tena saṅghassa ācikkhitabbaṃ. Sace tāni kulāni saṅghassa dātuṃ na icchanti, 『『tumhākaṃyeva demā』』ti vadanti, sabhāgo bhikkhu 『『vattaṃ katvā gaṇhāhī』』ti vattabbo. Paṃsukūlikassa panetaṃ na vaṭṭati, iti saddhādeyye dāyakamanussā pucchitabbā. Tatruppāde pana kappiyakārakā pucchitabbā. Kathaṃ pucchitabbā? 『『Kiṃ, āvuso, saṅghassa bhaṇḍapaṭicchādanaṃ bhavissatī』』ti. Sace vadanti – 『『bhavissati, bhante, ekekassa navahatthaṃ sāṭakaṃ dassāma, vassāvāsikaṃ gāhethā』』ti, gāhetabbaṃ. Sacepi vadanti – 『『sāṭakaṃ natthi; vatthu pana atthi, gāhetha, bhante』』ti, vatthumhi santepi gāhetuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Kappiyakārakānañhi hatthe 『『kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ paribhuñjathā』』ti dinnavatthuto yaṃ yaṃ kappaṃ, taṃ taṃ sabbaṃ paribhuñjituṃ anuññātaṃ. Yaṃ panettha piṇḍapātatthāya gilānapaccayatthāya vā uddissa dinnaṃ, taṃ cīvare upanāmentehi saṅghasuṭṭhutāya apaloketvā upanāmetabbaṃ. Senāsanatthāya uddissa dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, cīvaravaseneva catupaccayavasena vā dinnaṃ cīvare upanāmentānaṃ apalokanakammakiccaṃ natthi, apalokanakammaṃ karontehi ca puggalavaseneva kātabbaṃ, saṅghavasena na kātabbaṃ. Jātarūparajatavasenāpi āmakadhaññavasena vā apalokanakammaṃ na vaṭṭati. Kappiyabhaṇḍavasena cīvarataṇḍulādivaseneva ca vaṭṭati. Taṃ pana evaṃ kattabbaṃ – 『『idāni subhikkhaṃ sulabhapiṇḍaṃ, bhikkhū cīvarena kilamanti, ettakaṃ nāma taṇḍulabhāgaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cīvaraṃ kātuṃ ruccatī』』ti. 『『Gilānapaccayo sulabho gilāno vā natthi, ettakaṃ nāma taṇḍulabhāgaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cīvaraṃ kātuṃ ruccatī』』ti. Evaṃ cīvarapaccayaṃ sallakkhetvā senāsanassa kāle ghosite sannipatite saṅghe senāsanaggāhako sammannitabbo. Sammannantena ca dve sammannitabbāti vuttaṃ. Evañhi navako vuḍḍhatarassa, vuḍḍho ca navakassa gāhessati. Mahante pana mahāvihārasadise vihāre tayo cattāro janā sammannitabbā. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『aṭṭhapi soḷasapi jane sammannituṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti vuttaṃ. Tesaṃ sammuti kammavācāyapi apalokanenapi vaṭṭatiyeva.
Tehi sammatehi bhikkhūhi senāsanaṃ sallakkhetabbaṃ, cetiyagharaṃ bodhigharaṃ āsanagharaṃ sammuñjaniaṭṭo dāruaṭṭo vaccakuṭi iṭṭhakasālā vaḍḍhakisālā dvārakoṭṭhako pānīyamāḷo maggo pokkharaṇīti etāni hi asenāsanāni, vihāro aḍḍhayogo pāsādo hammiyaṃ guhā maṇḍapo rukkhamūlaṃ veḷugumboti imāni senāsanāni, tāni gāhetabbāni. Gāhentena ca 『『paṭhamaṃ bhikkhū gaṇetuṃ, bhikkhū gaṇetvā seyyā gaṇetu』』nti ettha vuttanayena gāhetabbāni. Sace saṅghiko ca saddhādeyyo cāti dve cīvarapaccayā honti, tesu yaṃ bhikkhū paṭhamaṃ gaṇhituṃ icchanti, taṃ gāhetvā tassa ṭhitikato paṭṭhāya itaro gāhetabbo.
Sace pana bhikkhūnaṃ appatāya pariveṇaggena senāsane gāhiyamāne ekaṃ pariveṇaṃ mahālābhaṃ hoti, dasa vā dvādasa vā cīvarāni labhanti, taṃ vijaṭetvā aññesu alābhakesu āvāsesu pakkhipitvā aññesampi bhikkhūnaṃ gāhetabbanti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – 『『na evaṃ kātabbaṃ, manussā hi attano āvāsajagganatthāya paccayaṃ denti, tasmā aññehi bhikkhūhi tattha pavisitabba』』nti. Sace panettha mahāthero paṭikkosati – 『『māvuso, evaṃ gāhetha, bhagavato anusiṭṭhiṃ karotha, vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – 『anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pariveṇaggena gāhetu』』』nti tassa paṭikkosanāya aṭṭhatvā 『『bhante bhikkhū bahū, paccayo mando, saṅgahaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti taṃ saññāpetvā gāhetabbameva.
Gāhentena ca sammatena bhikkhunā mahātherassa santikaṃ gantvā evaṃ vattabbaṃ – 『『bhante, tumhākaṃ senāsanaṃ pāpuṇāti, gaṇhatha paccayaṃ dhārethā』』ti. 『『Asukakulassa paccayo asukasenāsanañca mayhaṃ pāpuṇāti, āvuso』』ti, 『『pāpuṇāti, bhante, gaṇhatha na』』nti, 『『gaṇhāmi, āvuso』』ti, gahitaṃ hoti. Sace pana 『『gahitaṃ vo, bhante』』ti vutte 『『gahitaṃ me』』ti vā 『『gaṇhissatha, bhante』』ti vutte 『『gaṇhissāmī』』ti vā vadati, 『『agahitaṃ hotī』』ti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – 『『atītānāgatavacanaṃ vā hotu, vattamānavacanaṃ vā, satuppādamattaālayakaraṇamattameva cettha pamāṇaṃ, tasmā gahitameva hotī』』ti.
Yopi paṃsukūliko bhikkhu senāsanaṃ gahetvā paccayaṃ vissajjeti, ayampi na aññasmiṃ āvāse pakkhipitabbo. Tasmiṃyeva pariveṇe aggisālāya vā dīghasālāya vā rukkhamūle vā aññassa gāhetuṃ vaṭṭati. Paṃsukūliko 『『vasāmī』』ti senāsanaṃ jaggissati, itaro 『『paccayaṃ gaṇhāmī』』ti, evaṃ dvīhi kāraṇehi senāsanaṃ sujaggitataraṃ bhavissati. Mahāpaccariyaṃ pana vuttaṃ – 『『paṃsukūlike vāsatthāya senāsanaṃ gaṇhante senāsanaggāhāpakena vattabbaṃ – 『bhante, idha paccayo atthi, so kiṃ kātabbo』ti. Tena 『heṭṭhā aññaṃ gāhāpehī』ti vattabbo. Sace pana kiñci avatvāva vasati, vutthavassassa ca pādamūle ṭhapetvā sāṭakaṃ denti, vaṭṭati. Atha vassāvāsikaṃ demāti vadanti, tasmiṃ senāsane vassaṃvutthabhikkhūnaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti. Yesaṃ pana senāsanaṃ natthi; kevalaṃ paccayameva denti, tesaṃ paccayaṃ avassāvāsike senāsane gāhetuṃ vaṭṭati.
以下是完整的簡體中文譯文: 被任命的比丘們應當檢查住所,包括佛塔房、菩提樹房、坐禪房,需要清掃的地方、木材堆放處、廁所、磚房、工匠房、門廊、飲水亭、道路、池塘。這些是非住所的地方,寺院、半開放建築、宮殿、閣樓、山洞、涼亭、樹下、竹林等是住所,這些都應當被接收。接收時應按照"首先計算比丘人數,計算完比丘後計算臥具"的方式進行。如果有僧團的和施主的兩種衣服佈施,比丘們想先接收哪一種,就先接收哪一種,然後再接收另一種。 如果比丘人數較少,按房間接收住所時,某一房間獲得大量收益,得到十件或十二件衣服,應當將其分散,放入其他沒有收益的住處,讓其他比丘也能獲得。大智長老這樣說。大蓮花長老則說:"不應這樣做,因為人們是爲了自己住處的維護而佈施,所以應該讓其他比丘進入。"如果大長老反對:"不要這樣接收,這違背了世尊的教導,世尊曾說:'我允許按房間接收'",面對他的反對,可以說:"尊者,比丘眾多,佈施很少,應當相互照顧",就可以說服他並接收。 被任命的比丘應當去大長老那裡這樣說:"尊者,這是您的住所,請接收佈施並保管。"大長老說:"某某家族的佈施和某某住所歸我。"比丘說:"是的,尊者,請接收。"就算接收了。如果說"已接收"或"將接收",大智長老說這不算接收。大蓮花長老則說:"無論是過去、未來還是現在的語言,這裡只是表示產生意圖,所以算是已接收。" 即使是穿糞掃衣的比丘接收住所並佈施,也不應安置在其他住處。可以在同一房間的大廳、長廳或樹下讓他人接收。一個穿糞掃衣的比丘說"我將居住",另一個說"我將接收佈施",這樣兩個原因會使住所得到更好的照料。大集註中說:"當穿糞掃衣比丘爲了居住接收住所時,接收住所的人應該問:'尊者,這裡有佈施,應該如何處理?'他應該回答:'在下面另外接收。'如果不說什麼就居住,並在過去雨安居比丘的腳下放置衣服,這是可以的。如果說'我們將佈施雨安居',這個住所將歸雨安居比丘所有。"對於沒有住所、只獲得佈施的比丘,可以在非雨安居住所接收佈施。
Manussā thūpaṃ katvā vassāvāsikaṃ gāhāpenti, thūpo nāma asenāsanaṃ, tassa samīpe rukkhe vā maṇḍape vā upanibandhitvā gāhāpetabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā cetiyaṃ paṭijaggitabbaṃ. Bodhirukkhabodhigharaāsanagharasammuñjaniaṭṭadāruaṭṭavaccakuṭidvārakoṭṭhakapānīyamāḷakadantakaṭṭhamāḷakesupi eseva nayo. Bhojanasālā pana senāsanameva, tasmā taṃ ekassa vā bahūnaṃ vā paricchinditvā gāhetuṃ vaṭṭatīti sabbamidaṃ vitthārena mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ.
Senāsanaggāhāpakena pana pāṭipadaaruṇato paṭṭhāya yāva puna aruṇaṃ na bhijjati tāva gāhetabbaṃ, idañhi senāsanaggāhassa khettaṃ. Sace pātova gāhite senāsane añño vitakkacāriko bhikkhu āgantvā senāsanaṃ yācati, 『『gahitaṃ, bhante, senāsanaṃ, vassūpagato saṅgho, ramaṇīyo vihāro, rukkhamūlādīsu yattha icchatha tattha vasathā』』ti vattabbo. Vassūpagatehi antovasse nibaddhavattaṃ ṭhapetvā vassūpagatā bhikkhū 『『sammuñjaniyo bandhathā』』ti vattabbā. Sulabhā ce daṇḍakā ceva salākāyo ca honti, ekekena cha pañca muṭṭhisammuñjaniyo, dve tisso yaṭṭhisammuñjaniyo vā bandhitabbā. Dullabhā ce honti, dve tisso muṭṭhisammuñjaniyo ekā yaṭṭhisammuñjanī bandhitabbā. Sāmaṇerehi pañca pañca ukkā koṭṭetabbā. Vasanaṭṭhāne kasāvaparibhaṇḍaṃ kātabbaṃ.
Vattaṃ karontehi pana 『『na uddisitabbaṃ, na uddisāpetabbaṃ, na sajjhāyo kātabbo, na pabbājetabbaṃ, na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na dhammasavanaṃ kātabbaṃ, sabbeva hi ete papañcā. Nippapañcā hutvā samaṇadhammameva karissāmā』』ti vā 『『sabbe terasa dhutaṅgāni samādiyantu, seyyaṃ akappetvā ṭhānacaṅkamehi vītināmentu, mūgabbataṃ gaṇhantu, sattāhakaraṇīyena gatāpi bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ labhantū』』ti vā evarūpaṃ adhammikavattaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Evaṃ pana kātabbaṃ – pariyattidhammo nāma tividhampi saddhammaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti; tasmā sakkaccaṃ uddisatha, uddisāpetha, sajjhāyaṃ karotha, padhānaghare vasantānaṃ saṅghaṭṭanaṃ akatvā antovihāre nisīditvā uddisatha, uddisāpetha, sajjhāyaṃ karotha, dhammasavanaṃ samiddhaṃ karotha, pabbājentā sodhetvā pabbājetha, sodhetvā upasampādetha, sodhetvā nissayaṃ detha, ekopi hi kulaputto pabbajjaṃ upasampadañca labhitvā sakalasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti, attano thāmena yattakāni sakkotha tattakāni dhutaṅgāni samādiyatha. Antovassaṃ nāmetaṃ sakaladivasaṃ rattiyā ca paṭhamapacchimayāmesu appamattehi bhavitabbaṃ, vīriyaṃ ārabhitabbaṃ. Porāṇakamahātherāpi sabbapalibodhe chinditvā antovasse ekacārikavattaṃ pūrayiṃsu, bhasse mattaṃ jānitvā dasavatthukakathaṃ dasaasubhadasānussatiaṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇakathañca kātuṃ vaṭṭati, āgantukānaṃ vattaṃ kātuṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena gatānaṃ apaloketvā dātuṃ vaṭṭatīti evarūpaṃ vattaṃ kātabbaṃ.
Manussā thūpaṃ katvā vassāvāsikaṃ gāhāpenti, thūpo nāma asenāsanaṃ, tassa samīpe rukkhe vā maṇḍape vā upanibandhitvā gāhāpetabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā cetiyaṃ paṭijaggitabbaṃ. Bodhirukkhabodhigharaāsanagharasammuñjaniaṭṭadāruaṭṭavaccakuṭidvārakoṭṭhakapānīyamāḷakadantakaṭṭhamāḷakesupi eseva nayo. Bhojanasālā pana senāsanameva, tasmā taṃ ekassa vā bahūnaṃ vā paricchinditvā gāhetuṃ vaṭṭatīti sabbamidaṃ vitthārena mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. Senāsanaggāhāpakena pana pāṭipadaaruṇato paṭṭhāya yāva puna aruṇaṃ na bhijjati tāva gāhetabbaṃ, idañhi senāsanaggāhassa khettaṃ. Sace pātova gāhite senāsane añño vitakkacāriko bhikkhu āgantvā senāsanaṃ yācati, 『『gahitaṃ, bhante, senāsanaṃ, vassūpagato saṅgho, ramaṇīyo vihāro, rukkhamūlādīsu yattha icchatha tattha vasathā』』ti vattabbo. Vassūpagatehi antovasse nibaddhavattaṃ ṭhapetvā vassūpagatā bhikkhū 『『sammuñjaniyo bandhathā』』ti vattabbā. Sulabhā ce daṇḍakā ceva salākāyo ca honti, ekekena cha pañca muṭṭhisammuñjaniyo, dve tisso yaṭṭhisammuñjaniyo vā bandhitabbā. Dullabhā ce honti, dve tisso muṭṭhisammuñjaniyo ekā yaṭṭhisammuñjanī bandhitabbā. Sāmaṇerehi pañca pañca ukkā koṭṭetabbā. Vasanaṭṭhāne kasāvaparibhaṇḍaṃ kātabbaṃ. Vattaṃ karontehi pana 『『na uddisitabbaṃ, na uddisāpetabbaṃ, na sajjhāyo kātabbo, na pabbājetabbaṃ, na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na dhammasavanaṃ kātabbaṃ, sabbeva hi ete papañcā. Nippapañcā hutvā samaṇadhammameva karissāmā』』ti vā 『『sabbe terasa dhutaṅgāni samādiyantu, seyyaṃ akappetvā ṭhānacaṅkamehi vītināmentu, mūgabbataṃ gaṇhantu, sattāhakaraṇīyena gatāpi bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ labhantū』』ti vā evarūpaṃ adhammikavattaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Evaṃ pana kātabbaṃ – pariyattidhammo nāma tividhampi saddhammaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti; tasmā sakkaccaṃ uddisatha, uddisāpetha, sajjhāyaṃ karotha, padhānaghare vasantānaṃ saṅghaṭṭanaṃ akatvā antovihāre nisīditvā uddisatha, uddisāpetha, sajjhāyaṃ karotha, dhammasavanaṃ samiddhaṃ karotha, pabbājentā sodhetvā pabbājetha, sodhetvā upasampādetha, sodhetvā nissayaṃ detha, ekopi hi kulaputto pabbajjaṃ upasampadañca labhitvā sakalasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti, attano thāmena yattakāni sakkotha tattakāni dhutaṅgāni samādiyatha. Antovassaṃ nāmetaṃ sakaladivasaṃ rattiyā ca paṭhamapacchimayāmesu appamattehi bhavitabbaṃ, vīriyaṃ ārabhitabbaṃ. Porāṇakamahātherāpi sabbapalibodhe chinditvā antovasse ekacārikavattaṃ pūrayiṃsu, bhasse mattaṃ jānitvā dasavatthukakathaṃ dasaasubhadasānussatiaṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇakathañca kātuṃ vaṭṭati, āgantukānaṃ vattaṃ kātuṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena gatānaṃ apaloketvā dātuṃ vaṭṭatīti evarūpaṃ vattaṃ kātabbaṃ.
Apica bhikkhū ovaditabbā – 『『viggāhikapisuṇapharusavacanāni mā vadatha, divase divase sīlāni āvajjentā caturārakkhaṃ ahāpentā manasikārabahulā viharathā』』ti. Dantakaṭṭhakhādanavattaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ, cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā vandantena gandhamālaṃ vā pūjentena pattaṃ vā thavikāya pakkhipantena na kathetabbaṃ, bhikkhācāravattaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – 『『antogāme manussehi saddhiṃ paccayasaññuttakathā vā visabhāgakathā vā na kathetabbā, rakkhitindriyehi bhavitabbaṃ, khandhakavattañca sekhiyavattañca pūretabba』』nti evarūpā bahukāpi niyyānikakathā ācikkhitabbāti.
Pacchimavassūpanāyikadivase pana sace kālaṃ ghosetvā sannipatite saṅghe koci dasahatthaṃ vatthaṃ āharitvā vassāvāsikaṃ deti, āgantuko sace bhikkhu saṅghatthero hoti, tassa dātabbaṃ. Navako ce hoti, sammatena bhikkhunā saṅghatthero vattabbo – 『『sace bhante icchatha, paṭhamabhāgaṃ muñcitvā idaṃ vatthaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti, amuñcantassa na dātabbaṃ. Sace pana pubbe gāhitaṃ muñcitvā gaṇhāti, dātabbaṃ. Etenevupāyena dutiyattherato paṭṭhāya parivattetvā pattaṭṭhāne āgantukassa dātabbaṃ. Sace paṭhamavassūpagatā dve tīṇi cattāri pañca vā vatthāni alatthuṃ, laddhaṃ laddhaṃ etenevupāyena vissajjāpetvā yāva āgantukassa samakaṃ hoti, tāva dātabbaṃ. Tena pana samake laddhe avasiṭṭho anubhāgo therāsane dātabbo. Paccuppanne lābhe sati ṭhitikāya gāhetuṃ katikaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati.
Sace dubbhikkhaṃ hoti, dvīsupi vassūpanāyikāsu vassūpagatā bhikkhū bhikkhāya kilamantā 『『āvuso, idha vasantā sabbeva kilamāma, sādhu vata dvebhāgā homa, yesaṃ ñātipavāritaṭṭhānāni atthi, te tattha vasitvā pavāraṇāya āgantvā attano pattaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ gaṇhantū』』ti vadanti, tesu ye tattha vasitvā pavāraṇāya āgacchanti, tesaṃ apaloketvā vassāvāsikaṃ dātabbaṃ. Sādiyantāpi hi te neva vassāvāsikassa sāmino, khīyantāpi ca āvāsikā neva adātuṃ labhanti. Kurundiyaṃ pana vuttaṃ – 『『katikavattaṃ kātabbaṃ – 『sabbesaṃ no idha yāgubhattaṃ nappahoti, sabhāgaṭṭhāne vasitvā āgacchatha, tumhākaṃ pattaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ labhissathā』ti. Tañce eko paṭibāhati, supaṭibāhitaṃ; no ce paṭibāhati, katikā sukatā. Pacchā tesaṃ tattha vasitvā āgatānaṃ apaloketvā dātabbaṃ, apalokanakāle paṭibāhituṃ na labbhatī』』ti. Punapi vuttaṃ – 『『sace vassūpagatesu ekaccānaṃ vassāvāsike apāpuṇante bhikkhū katikaṃ karonti – 『chinnavassānaṃ vassāvāsikañca idāni uppajjanakavassāvāsikañca imesaṃ dātuṃ ruccatī』ti evaṃ katikāya katāya gāhitasadisameva hoti, uppannuppannaṃ tesameva dātabba』』nti.
Temāsaṃ pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā vihāramaggacetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇāni jaggitvā bodhirukkhe udakaṃ siñcitvā pakkantopi vibbhantopi vassāvāsikaṃ labhatiyeva. Bhatiniviṭṭhañhi tena kataṃ. Saṅghikaṃ pana apalokanakammaṃ katvā gāhitaṃ antovasse vibbhantopi labhateva. Paccayavasena gāhitaṃ pana na labhatīti vadanti.
Apica bhikkhū ovaditabbā – 『『viggāhikapisuṇapharusavacanāni mā vadatha, divase divase sīlāni āvajjentā caturārakkhaṃ ahāpentā manasikārabahulā viharathā』』ti. Dantakaṭṭhakhādanavattaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ, cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā vandantena gandhamālaṃ vā pūjentena pattaṃ vā thavikāya pakkhipantena na kathetabbaṃ, bhikkhācāravattaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – 『『antogāme manussehi saddhiṃ paccayasaññuttakathā vā visabhāgakathā vā na kathetabbā, rakkhitindriyehi bhavitabbaṃ, khandhakavattañca sekhiyavattañca pūretabba』』nti evarūpā bahukāpi niyyānikakathā ācikkhitabbāti. Pacchimavassūpanāyikadivase pana sace kālaṃ ghosetvā sannipatite saṅghe koci dasahatthaṃ vatthaṃ āharitvā vassāvāsikaṃ deti, āgantuko sace bhikkhu saṅghatthero hoti, tassa dātabbaṃ. Navako ce hoti, sammatena bhikkhunā saṅghatthero vattabbo – 『『sace bhante icchatha, paṭhamabhāgaṃ muñcitvā idaṃ vatthaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti, amuñcantassa na dātabbaṃ. Sace pana pubbe gāhitaṃ muñcitvā gaṇhāti, dātabbaṃ. Etenevupāyena dutiyattherato paṭṭhāya parivattetvā pattaṭṭhāne āgantukassa dātabbaṃ. Sace paṭhamavassūpagatā dve tīṇi cattāri pañca vā vatthāni alatthuṃ, laddhaṃ laddhaṃ etenevupāyena vissajjāpetvā yāva āgantukassa samakaṃ hoti, tāva dātabbaṃ. Tena pana samake laddhe avasiṭṭho anubhāgo therāsane dātabbaṃ. Paccuppanne lābhe sati ṭhitikāya gāhetuṃ katikaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati.
Sace vutthavasso disaṃgamiko bhikkhu āvāsikassa hatthato kiñcideva kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā 『『asukakule mayhaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ pattaṃ, taṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vatvā gataṭṭhāne vibbhamati, vassāvāsikaṃ saṅghikaṃ hoti. Sace pana manusse sammukhā sampaṭicchāpetvā gacchati, labhati. 『『Idaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ amhākaṃ senāsane vutthabhikkhuno demā』』ti vutte, yassa gāhitaṃ tasseva hoti. Sace pana senāsanasāmikassa piyakamyatāya puttadhītādayo bahūni vatthāni āharitvā 『『amhākaṃ senāsane demā』』ti denti, tattha vassūpagatassa ekameva vatthaṃ dātabbaṃ, sesāni saṅghikāni honti, vassāvāsikaṭṭhitikāya gāhetabbāni. Ṭhitikāya asati therāsanato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbāni. Senāsane vassūpagataṃ bhikkhuṃ nissāya uppannena cittappasādena bahūni vatthāni āharitvā 『『senāsanassa demā』』ti dinnesupi eseva nayo. Sace pana pādamūle ṭhapetvā 『『etassa bhikkhuno demā』』ti vadanti, tasseva honti.
Ekassa gehe dve vassāvāsikāni – paṭhamabhāgo sāmaṇerassa gāhito hoti, dutiyo therāsane. So ekaṃ dasahatthaṃ, ekaṃ aṭṭhahatthaṃ sāṭakaṃ peseti 『『vassāvāsikaṃ pattabhikkhūnaṃ dethā』』ti vicinitvā varabhāgaṃ sāmaṇerassa datvā anubhāgo therāsane dātabbo. Sace pana ubhopi gharaṃ netvā bhojetvā sayameva pādamūle ṭhapeti, yaṃ yassa dinnaṃ, tadeva tassa hoti.
Ito paraṃ mahāpaccariyaṃ āgatanayo hoti – 『『ekassa ghare daharasāmaṇerassa vassāvāsikaṃ pāpuṇāti, so ce pucchati – 『amhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ kassa patta』nti, 『sāmaṇerassā』ti avatvā 『dānakāle jānissasī』ti vatvā dānadivase ekaṃ mahātheraṃ pesetvā nīharāpetabbaṃ. Sace yassa vassāvāsikaṃ pattaṃ, so vibbhamati vā kālaṃ vā karoti, manussā ce pucchanti – 『kassa amhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ patta』nti, tesaṃ yathābhūtaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Sace te vadanti – 『tumhākaṃ demā』ti, tassa bhikkhuno pāpuṇāti. Atha saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā denti, saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā pāpuṇāti. Sace vassūpagatā suddhapaṃsukūlikāyeva honti, ānetvā dinnaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ senāsanaparikkhāraṃ vā katvā ṭhapetabbaṃ, bimbohanādīni vā kātabbānī』』ti. Idaṃ nevāsikavattaṃ.
Senāsanaggāhakathā niṭṭhitā.
Upanandavatthukathā
Sace vutthavasso disaṃgamiko bhikkhu āvāsikassa hatthato kiñcideva kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā 『『asukakule mayhaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ pattaṃ, taṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vatvā gataṭṭhāne vibbhamati, vassāvāsikaṃ saṅghikaṃ hoti. Sace pana manusse sammukhā sampaṭicchāpetvā gacchati, labhati. 『『Idaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ amhākaṃ senāsane vutthabhikkhuno demā』』ti vutte, yassa gāhitaṃ tasseva hoti. Sace pana senāsanasāmikassa piyakamyatāya puttadhītādayo bahūni vatthāni āharitvā 『『amhākaṃ senāsane demā』』ti denti, tattha vassūpagatassa ekameva vatthaṃ dātabbaṃ, sesāni saṅghikāni honti, vassāvāsikaṭṭhitikāya gāhetabbāni. Ṭhitikāya asati therāsanato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbāni. Senāsane vassūpagataṃ bhikkhuṃ nissāya uppannena cittappasādena bahūni vatthāni āharitvā 『『senāsanassa demā』』ti dinnesupi eseva nayo. Sace pana pādamūle ṭhapetvā 『『etassa bhikkhuno demā』』ti vadanti, tasseva honti. Ekassa gehe dve vassāvāsikāni – paṭhamabhāgo sāmaṇerassa gāhito hoti, dutiyo therāsane. So ekaṃ dasahatthaṃ, ekaṃ aṭṭhahatthaṃ sāṭakaṃ peseti 『『vassāvāsikaṃ pattabhikkhūnaṃ dethā』』ti vicinitvā varabh
- Upanandavatthusmiṃ – tattha tayā moghapurisa gahitaṃ idha muttaṃ, idha tayā gahitaṃ tatra muttanti ettha ayamattho – yaṃ tayā tattha senāsanaṃ gahitaṃ, taṃ te gaṇhanteneva idha muttaṃ hoti. 『『Idha dānāhaṃ, āvuso, muñcāmī』』ti vadantena pana taṃ tatrāpi muttaṃ. Evaṃ tvaṃ ubhayattha paribāhiroti.
Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo – gahaṇena gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati, gahaṇena ālayo paṭippassambhati, ālayena gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati, ālayena ālayo paṭippassambhati. Kathaṃ? Idhekacco vassūpanāyikadivase ekasmiṃ vihāre senāsanaṃ gahetvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā tatrāpi gaṇhāti, tassa iminā gahaṇena purimaṃ gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati. Aparo 『『idha vasissāmī』』ti ālayamattaṃ katvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā tattha senāsanaṃ gaṇhāti, tassa iminā gahaṇena purimo ālayo paṭippassambhati. Eko 『『idha vasissāmī』』ti senāsanaṃ vā gahetvā ālayaṃ vā katvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā 『『idheva dāni vasissāmī』』ti ālayaṃ karoti, iccassa ālayena vā gahaṇaṃ ālayena vā ālayo paṭippassambhati, sabbattha pacchime gahaṇe vā ālaye vā tiṭṭhati. Yo pana 『『ekasmiṃ vihāre senāsanaṃ gahetvā aññasmiṃ vihāre vasissāmī』』ti gacchati, tassa upacārasīmātikkame senāsanaggāho paṭippassambhati. Yadi pana 『『tattha phāsu bhavissati, vasissāmi; no ce, āgamissāmī』』ti gantvā aphāsubhāvaṃ ñatvā paccāgacchati, vaṭṭati.
320.Tivassantarenāti ettha tivassantaro nāma yo dvīhi vassehi mahantataro vā daharataro vā hoti. Yo pana ekena vassena mahantataro vā daharataro vā hoti, yo vā samānavasso, tattha vattabbameva natthi. Ime sabbe ekasmiṃ mañce vā pīṭhe vā dve dve hutvā nisīdituṃ labhanti. Yaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pahoti, taṃ saṃhārimaṃ vā hotu asaṃhārimaṃ vā, tathārūpe api phalakakhaṇḍe anupasampannenāpi saddhiṃ nisīdituṃ vaṭṭati.
Hatthinakhakanti hatthikumbhe patiṭṭhitaṃ; evaṃ katassa kiretaṃ nāmaṃ. Sabbaṃ pāsādaparibhoganti suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrāni kavāṭāni mañcapīṭhāni tālavaṇṭāni suvaṇṇarajatamayapānīyaghaṭapānīyasarāvāni yaṃkiñci cittakammakataṃ, sabbaṃ vaṭṭati. 『『Pāsādassa dāsidāsaṃ khettavatthuṃ gomahiṃsaṃ demā』』ti vadanti, pāṭekkaṃ gahaṇakiccaṃ natthi, pāsāde paṭiggahite paṭiggahitameva hoti. Gonakādīni saṅghikavihāre vā puggalikavihāre vā mañcapīṭhakesu attharitvā paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭanti. Dhammāsane pana gihivikaṭanihārena labbhanti, tatrāpi nipajjituṃ na vaṭṭati.
Upanandavatthukathā niṭṭhitā.
Avissajjiyavatthukathā
Upanandavatthusmiṃ – tattha tayā moghapurisa gahitaṃ idha muttaṃ, idha tayā gahitaṃ tatra muttanti ettha ayamattho – yaṃ tayā tattha senāsanaṃ gahitaṃ, taṃ te gaṇhanteneva idha muttaṃ hoti. 『『Idha dānāhaṃ, āvuso, muñcāmī』』ti vadantena pana taṃ tatrāpi muttaṃ. Evaṃ tvaṃ ubhayattha paribāhiroti. Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo – gahaṇena gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati, gahaṇena ālayo paṭippassambhati, ālayena gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati, ālayena ālayo paṭippassambhati. Kathaṃ? Idhekacco vassūpanāyikadivase ekasmiṃ vihāre senāsanaṃ gahetvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā tatrāpi gaṇhāti, tassa iminā gahaṇena purimaṃ gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati. Aparo 『『idha vasissāmī』』ti ālayamattaṃ katvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā tattha senāsanaṃ gaṇhāti, tassa iminā gahaṇena purimo ālayo paṭippassambhati. Eko 『『idha vasissāmī』』ti senāsanaṃ vā gahetvā ālayaṃ vā katvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā 『『idheva dāni vasissāmī』』ti ālayaṃ karoti, iccassa ālayena vā gahaṇaṃ ālayena vā ālayo paṭippassambhati, sabbattha pacchime gahaṇe vā ālaye vā tiṭṭhati. Yo pana 『『ekasmiṃ vihāre senāsanaṃ gahetvā aññasmiṃ vihāre vasissāmī』』ti gacchati, tassa upacārasīmātikkame senāsanaggāho paṭippassambhati. Yadi pana 『『tattha phāsu bhavissati, vasissāmi; no ce, āgamissāmī』』ti gantvā aphāsubhāvaṃ ñatvā paccāgacchati, vaṭṭati. Tivassantarenāti ettha tivassantaro nāma yo dvīhi vassehi mahantataro vā daharataro vā hoti. Yo pana ekena vassena mahantataro vā daharataro vā hoti, yo vā samānavasso, tattha vattabbameva natthi. Ime sabbe ekasmiṃ mañce vā pīṭhe vā dve dve hutvā nisīdituṃ labhanti. Yaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pahoti, taṃ saṃhārimaṃ vā hotu asaṃhārimaṃ vā, tathārūpe api phalakakhaṇḍe anupasampannenāpi saddhiṃ nisīdituṃ vaṭṭati. Hatthinakhakanti hatthikumbhe patiṭṭhitaṃ; evaṃ katassa kiretaṃ nāmaṃ. Sabbaṃ pāsādaparibhoganti suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrāni kavāṭāni mañcapīṭhāni tālavaṇṭāni suvaṇṇarajatamayapānīyaghaṭapānīyasarāvāni yaṃkiñci cittakammakataṃ, sabbaṃ vaṭṭati. 『『Pāsādassa dāsidāsaṃ khettavatthuṃ gomahiṃsaṃ demā』』ti vadanti, pāṭekkaṃ gahaṇakiccaṃ natthi, pāsāde paṭiggahite paṭiggahitameva hoti. Gonakādīni saṅghikavihāre vā puggalikavihāre vā mañcapīṭhakesu attharitvā paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭanti. Dhammāsane pana gihivikaṭanihārena labbhanti, tatrāpi nipajjituṃ na vaṭṭati. Upanandavatthukathā niṭṭhitā. Avissajjiyavatthukathā
321.Pañcimānīti rāsivasena pañca, sarūpavasena panetāni bahūni honti. Tattha ārāmo nāma pupphārāmo vā phalārāmo vā. Ārāmavatthu nāma tesaṃyeva ārāmānaṃ atthāya paricchinditvā ṭhapitokāso; tesu vā ārāmesu vinaṭṭhesu tesaṃ porāṇakabhūmibhāgo. Vihāro nāma yaṃkiñci pāsādādisenāsanaṃ. Vihāravatthu nāma tassa patiṭṭhānokāso. Mañco nāma – masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako āhaccapādakoti imesaṃ pubbe vuttānaṃ catunnaṃ mañcānaṃ aññataro . Pīṭhaṃ nāma masārakādīnaṃyeva catunnaṃ pīṭhānaṃ aññataraṃ. Bhisi nāma uṇṇabhisiādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ aññatarā. Bimbohanaṃ nāma vuttappakārānaṃ bimbohanānaṃ aññataraṃ. Lohakumbhī nāma kāḷalohena vā tambalohena vā yena kenaci lohena katā kumbhī. Lohabhāṇakādīsupi eseva nayo. Ettha pana bhāṇakanti arañjaro vuccati. Vārakoti ghaṭo. Kaṭāhaṃ kaṭāhameva. Vāsiādīsu valliādīsu ca duviññeyyaṃ nāma natthi. Evaṃ –
Dvisaṅgahāni dve honti, tatiyaṃ catusaṅgahaṃ;
Catutthaṃ navakoṭṭhāsaṃ, pañcamaṃ aṭṭhabhedanaṃ.
Iti pañcahi rāsīhi, pañcanimmalalocano;
Pañcavīsavidhaṃ nātho, garubhaṇḍaṃ pakāsayi.
Tatrāyaṃ vinicchayakathā – idañhi sabbampi garubhaṇḍaṃ idha avissajjiyaṃ, kīṭāgirivatthusmiṃ 『『avebhaṅgiya』』nti vuttaṃ. Parivāre pana –
『『Avissajjiyaṃ avebhaṅgiyaṃ, pañca vuttā mahesinā;
Vissajjentassa paribhuñjantassa anāpatti,
Pañhā mesā kusalehi cintitā』』ti. (pari. 479) –
Āgataṃ. Tasmā mūlacchejjavasena avissajjiyaṃ avebhaṅgiyañca parivattanavasena pana vissajjentassa paribhuñjantassa ca anāpattīti evamettha adhippāyo veditabbo.
Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – idaṃ tāva pañcavidhampi cīvarapiṇḍapātabhesajjatthāya upanetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Thāvarena ca thāvaraṃ garubhaṇḍena ca garubhaṇḍaṃ parivattetuṃ vaṭṭati. Thāvare pana khettaṃ vatthu taḷākaṃ mātikāti evarūpaṃ bhikkhusaṅghassa vicāretuṃ vā sampaṭicchituṃ vā adhivāsetuṃ vā na vaṭṭati, kappiyakārakeheva vicāritato kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ vaṭṭati. Ārāmena pana ārāmaṃ ārāmavatthuṃ vihāraṃ vihāravatthunti imāni cattāri parivattetuṃ vaṭṭati.
Pañcimānīti rāsivasena pañca, sarūpavasena panetāni bahūni honti. Tattha ārāmo nāma pupphārāmo vā phalārāmo vā. Ārāmavatthu nāma tesaṃyeva ārāmānaṃ atthāya paricchinditvā ṭhapitokāso; tesu vā ārāmesu vinaṭṭhesu tesaṃ porāṇakabhūmibhāgo. Vihāro nāma yaṃkiñci pāsādādisenāsanaṃ. Vihāravatthu nāma tassa patiṭṭhānokāso. Mañco nāma – masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako āhaccapādakoti imesaṃ pubbe vuttānaṃ catunnaṃ mañcānaṃ aññataro. Pīṭhaṃ nāma masārakādīnaṃyeva catunnaṃ pīṭhānaṃ aññataraṃ. Bhisi nāma uṇṇabhisiādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ aññatarā. Bimbohanaṃ nāma vuttappakārānaṃ bimbohanānaṃ aññataraṃ. Lohakumbhī nāma kāḷalohena vā tambalohena vā yena kenaci lohena katā kumbhī. Lohabhāṇakādīsupi eseva nayo. Ettha pana bhāṇakanti arañjaro vuccati. Vārakoti ghaṭo. Kaṭāhaṃ kaṭāhameva. Vāsiādīsu valliādīsu ca duviññeyyaṃ nāma natthi. Evaṃ – Dvisaṅgahāni dve honti, tatiyaṃ catusaṅgahaṃ; Catutthaṃ navakoṭṭhāsaṃ, pañcamaṃ aṭṭhabhedanaṃ. Iti pañcahi rāsīhi, pañcanimmalalocano; Pañcavīsavidhaṃ nātho, garubhaṇḍaṃ pakāsayi. Tatrāyaṃ vinicchayakathā – idañhi sabbampi garubhaṇḍaṃ idha avissajjiyaṃ, kīṭāgirivatthusmiṃ 『『avebhaṅgiya』』nti vuttaṃ. Parivāre pana – 『『Avissajjiyaṃ avebhaṅgiyaṃ, pañca vuttā mahesinā; Vissajjentassa paribhuñjantassa anāpatti, Pañhā mesā kusalehi cintitā』』ti. (pari. 479) – Āgataṃ. Tasmā mūlacchejjavasena avissajjiyaṃ avebhaṅgiyañca parivattanavasena pana vissajjentassa paribhuñjantassa ca anāpattīti evamettha adhippāyo veditabbo. Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – idaṃ tāva pañcavidhampi cīvarapiṇḍapātabhesajjatthāya upanetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Thāvarena ca thāvaraṃ garubhaṇḍena ca garubhaṇḍaṃ parivattetuṃ vaṭṭati. Thāvare pana khettaṃ vatthu taḷākaṃ mātikāti evarūpaṃ bhikkhusaṅghassa vicāretuṃ vā sampaṭicchituṃ vā adhivāsetuṃ vā na vaṭṭati, kappiyakārakeheva vicāritato kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ vaṭṭati. Ārāmena pana ārāmaṃ ārāmavatthuṃ vihāraṃ vihāravatthunti imāni cattāri parivattetuṃ vaṭṭati.
Tatrāyaṃ parivattananayo – saṅghassa nāḷikerārāmo dūre hoti, kappiyakārakā vā bahutaraṃ khādanti. Yampi na khādanti, tato sakaṭavetanaṃ datvā appameva haranti. Aññesaṃ pana tassa ārāmassa avidūragāmavāsīnaṃ manussānaṃ vihārassa samīpe ārāmo hoti, te saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā sakena ārāmena taṃ ārāmaṃ yācanti, saṅghena 『『ruccati saṅghassā』』ti apaloketvā sampaṭicchitabbo. Sacepi bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhasahassaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ pañca satāni, 『『tumhākaṃ ārāmo khuddako』』ti na vattabbaṃ. Kiñcāpi hi ayaṃ khuddako, atha kho itarato bahutaraṃ āyaṃ deti. Sacepi samakameva deti; evampi icchiticchitakkhaṇe paribhuñjituṃ sakkāti gahetabbameva. Sace pana manussānaṃ bahutarā rukkhā honti, 『『nanu tumhākaṃ bahutarā rukkhā』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace 『『atirekaṃ amhākaṃ puññaṃ hotu, saṅghassa demā』』ti vadanti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, manussānaṃ rukkhā na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti, kiñcāpi na gaṇhanti, na cirena gaṇhissantīti sampaṭicchitabbameva. Manussānaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, bhikkhūnaṃ na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti, 『『nanu tumhākaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace 『『gaṇhatha, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissatī』』ti denti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati; evaṃ ārāmena ārāmo parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena ārāmavatthupi vihāropi vihāravatthupi ārāmena parivattetabbaṃ. Ārāmavatthunā ca mahantena vā khuddakena vā ārāmaārāmavatthu vihāravihāravatthūni .
Kathaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo? Saṅghassa antogāme gehaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ vihāramajjhe pāsādo, ubhopi agghena samakā, sace manussā tena pāsādena taṃ gehaṃ yācanti, sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ ce mahagghataraṃ gehaṃ hoti, 『『mahagghataraṃ amhākaṃ geha』』nti vutte 『『kiñcāpi mahagghataraṃ, pabbajitānaṃ asāruppaṃ, na sakkā tattha pabbajitehi vasituṃ, idaṃ pana sāruppaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vadanti; evampi sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace pana manussānaṃ mahagghaṃ hoti, 『『nanu tumhākaṃ gehaṃ mahaggha』』nti vattabbaṃ. 『『Hotu, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissati, gaṇhathā』』ti vutte pana sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Evaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena vihāravatthupi ārāmopi ārāmavatthupi vihārena parivattetabbaṃ. Vihāravatthunā ca mahagghena vā appagghena vā vihāravihāravatthuārāmaārāmavatthūni. Evaṃ tāva thāvarena thāvaraparivattanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Tatrāyaṃ parivattananayo – saṅghassa nāḷikerārāmo dūre hoti, kappiyakārakā vā bahutaraṃ khādanti. Yampi na khādanti, tato sakaṭavetanaṃ datvā appameva haranti. Aññesaṃ pana tassa ārāmassa avidūragāmavāsīnaṃ manussānaṃ vihārassa samīpe ārāmo hoti, te saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā sakena ārāmena taṃ ārāmaṃ yācanti, saṅghena 『『ruccati saṅghassā』』ti apaloketvā sampaṭicchitabbo. Sacepi bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhasahassaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ pañca satāni, 『『tumhākaṃ ārāmo khuddako』』ti na vattabbaṃ. Kiñcāpi hi ayaṃ khuddako, atha kho itarato bahutaraṃ āyaṃ deti. Sacepi samakameva deti; evampi icchiticchitakkhaṇe paribhuñjituṃ sakkāti gahetabbameva. Sace pana manussānaṃ bahutarā rukkhā honti, 『『nanu tumhākaṃ bahutarā rukkhā』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace 『『atirekaṃ amhākaṃ puññaṃ hotu, saṅghassa demā』』ti vadanti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, manussānaṃ rukkhā na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti, kiñcāpi na gaṇhanti, na cirena gaṇhissantīti sampaṭicchitabbameva. Manussānaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, bhikkhūnaṃ na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti, 『『nanu tumhākaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace 『『gaṇhatha, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissatī』』ti denti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati; evaṃ ārāmena ārāmo parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena ārāmavatthupi vihāropi vihāravatthupi ārāmena parivattetabbaṃ. Ārāmavatthunā ca mahantena vā khuddakena vā ārāmaārāmavatthu vihāravihāravatthūni. Kathaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo? Saṅghassa antogāme gehaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ vihāramajjhe pāsādo, ubhopi agghena samakā, sace manussā tena pāsādena taṃ gehaṃ yācanti, sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ ce mahagghataraṃ gehaṃ hoti, 『『mahagghataraṃ amhākaṃ geha』』nti vutte 『『kiñcāpi mahagghataraṃ, pabbajitānaṃ asāruppaṃ, na sakkā tattha pabbajitehi vasituṃ, idaṃ pana sāruppaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vadanti; evampi sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace pana manussānaṃ mahagghaṃ hoti, 『『nanu tumhākaṃ gehaṃ mahaggha』』nti vattabbaṃ. 『『Hotu, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissati, gaṇhathā』』ti vutte pana sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Evaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena vihāravatthupi ārāmopi ārāmavatthupi vihārena parivattetabbaṃ. Vihāravatthunā ca mahagghena vā appagghena vā vihāravihāravatthuārāmaārāmavatthūni. Evaṃ tāva thāvarena thāvaraparivattanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Garubhaṇḍena garubhaṇḍaparivattane pana mañcapīṭhaṃ mahantaṃ vā hotu khuddakaṃ vā, antamaso caturaṅgulapādakaṃ vā gāmadārakehi paṃsvāgārakesu kīḷantehi katampi saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Sacepi rājarājamahāmattādayo ekappahāreneva mañcasataṃ vā mañcasahassaṃ vā denti, sabbe kappiyamañcā sampaṭicchitabbā, sampaṭicchitvā vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiyā 『『saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjathā』』ti dātabbā, puggalikavasena na dātabbā. Atirekamañce bhaṇḍāgārādīsu paññapetvā pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitumpi vaṭṭati. Bahisīmāya 『『saṅghassa demā』』ti dinnamañco saṅghattherassa vasanaṭṭhāne dātabbo. Tattha ce bahū mañcā honti, mañcena kammaṃ natthi; yassa vasanaṭṭhāne kammaṃ atthi, tattha 『『saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjathā』』ti dātabbo. Mahagghena satagghanakena vā sahassagghanakena vā satasahassagghanakena vā mañcena aññaṃ mañcasataṃ labhati, parivattetvā gahetabbaṃ. Na kevalaṃ mañcena mañcoyeva, ārāmaārāmavatthuvihāravihāravatthupīṭhabhisibimbohanānipi parivattetuṃ vaṭṭanti. Esa nayo pīṭhabhisibimbohanesupi. Etesu hi kappiyākapyiyaṃ vuttanayameva. Tattha akappiyaṃ na paribhuñjitabbaṃ, kappiyaṃ saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Akappiyaṃ vā mahagghaṃ kappiyaṃ vā parivattetvā vuttavatthūni gahetabbāni. Agarubhaṇḍupagaṃ pana bhisibimbohanaṃ nāma natthi.
Lohakumbhī lohabhāṇakaṃ lohakaṭāhanti imāni tīṇi mahantāni vā hontu khuddakāni vā antamaso pasatamattaudakagaṇhanakānipi garubhaṇḍāniyeva. Lohavārako pana kāḷalohatambalohavaṭṭalohakaṃsalohānaṃ yena kenaci kato sīhaḷadīpe pādagaṇhanako bhājetabbo. Pādo ca nāma magadhanāḷiyā pañcanāḷimattaṃ gaṇhāti, tato adhikagaṇhanako garubhaṇḍaṃ. Imāni tāva pāḷiyaṃ āgatāni lohabhājanāni.
Pāḷiyaṃ pana anāgatānipi bhiṅgārapaṭiggahauḷuṅkadabbikaṭacchupātitaṭṭakasarakasamuggaaṅgārakapalladhūmakaṭacchuādīni khuddakāni vā mahantāni vā sabbāni garubhaṇḍāni. Patto, ayathālakaṃ, tambalohathālakanti imāni pana bhājanīyāni. Kaṃsalohavaṭṭalohabhājanavikati saṅghikaparibhogena vā gihivikaṭā vā vaṭṭati, puggalikaparibhogena na vaṭṭati. Kaṃsalohādibhājanaṃ saṅghassa dinnampi hi pārihāriyaṃ na vaṭṭati. 『『Gihivikaṭanihāreneva paribhuñjitabba』』nti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ.
Ṭhapetvā pana bhājanavikatiṃ aññasmimpi kappiyalohabhaṇḍe – añjanī, añjanisalākā, kaṇṇamalaharaṇī, sūci, paṇṇasūci, khuddako, pipphalako, khuddakaṃ, ārakaṇṭakaṃ, kuñcikā, tāḷaṃ, kattarayaṭṭhi vedhako, natthudānaṃ, bhindivālo, lohakūṭo, lohakuṭṭi, lohaguḷo, lohapiṇḍi, lohacakkalikaṃ, aññampi vippakatalohabhaṇḍaṃ bhājanīyaṃ. Dhūmanettaphāladīparukkhadīpakapallakaolambakadīpaitthipurisatiracchānagatarūpakāni pana aññāni vā bhitticchadanakavāṭādīsu upanetabbāni, antamaso lohakhilakaṃ upādāya sabbāni lohabhaṇḍāni garubhaṇḍāniyeva honti, attanā laddhānipi pariharitvā puggalikaparibhogena na paribhuñjitabbāni, saṅghikaparibhogena vā gihivikaṭāni vā vaṭṭanti. Tipubhaṇḍepi eseva nayo. Khīrapāsāṇamayāni taṭṭakasarakādīni garubhaṇḍāniyeva.
關於金屬製品的更換,無論是大型還是小型的床椅,即便是隻有四指寬的腳,從寺院施捨之時起就已經成為重要財產。即便國王、大臣等一次性施捨一百張或一千張床,所有合規的床都應被接受,接受后應按照資歷順序說:"請以僧團共同使用的方式使用",不應以個人方式施捨。多餘的床可以在倉庫等處放置衣缽。在僧團界限外施捨的床應給予僧團長老居住的地方。如果那裡有多張床,則不需要以床為目的;應將床給予有事務的地方,並說:"請以僧團共同使用的方式使用"。 可以用價值百、千或十萬的床交換另一批床。不僅僅是床可以交換,園林、園林用地、寺院、寺院用地、座椅、墊子、枕頭等也可以交換。對於座椅、墊子和枕頭也是同樣的道理。在這些情況中,關於是否合規的判斷方式與之前相同。不應使用不合規的物品,合規的物品應以僧團共同使用的方式使用。無論是不合規的貴重物品還是合規的物品,都應按照上述方法交換。除了非重要財產,不存在墊子和枕頭。 銅鍋、銅器、銅盆這三種無論是大是小,甚至只能盛放一點水的,都屬於重要財產。在錫蘭(斯里蘭卡),銅製水壺應按照一腳的大小分配。一腳按照摩揭陀(Magadha)的量器標準可容納五納利,超過此量則為重要財產。這些是經典中提到的金屬器皿。 經典中未提及的小型或大型金屬器皿,如燭臺、接收器、鍋、勺子、盤子、盒子、小盒、火鉗、盤子等,都屬於重要財產。碗、非規格碗、銅碗等屬於可分配的器皿。銅、銅合金製品可以僧團共同使用或在世俗生活中使用,但不能個人使用。即使施捨給僧團的銅器也不能作為私人財產。大藏註釋中說:"只能以世俗方式使用"。 除了器皿類別,在其他合規金屬製品中,如眼線筆、眼線棒、耳垢勺、針、紙針、小刀、小木棒、小鐵釘、鐵鉤、鑰匙、木棒、修剪棒、探針、鼻塞、鐵棒、鐵釘、鐵球、鐵塊、鐵輪等,以及其他未分類的金屬製品。燈芯、火炬、火把、燈、樹枝燈、懸掛燈等,以及人形、動物形象等,可以安置在墻壁、天花板、門等處,即便是小鐵釘,所有金屬製品都屬於重要財產,即使是自己獲得的,也不能個人使用,只能以僧團共同使用或世俗方式使用。銅製品也是如此。石乳、石製盤子等也屬於重要財產。
Ghaṭako pana telabhājanaṃ vā pādagaṇhanakato atirekameva garubhaṇḍaṃ. Suvaṇṇarajatahārakūṭajātiphalikabhājanāni gihivikaṭānipi na vaṭṭanti, pageva saṅghikaparibhogena vā puggalikaparibhogena vā. Senāsanaparibhoge pana āmāsampi anāmāsampi sabbaṃ vaṭṭati.
Vāsiādīsu yāya vāsiyā ṭhapetvā daṇḍakaṭṭhacchedanaṃ vā ucchutacchanaṃ vā aññaṃ mahākammaṃ kātuṃ na sakkā, ayaṃ bhājanīyā. Tato mahattarī yena kenaci ākārena katā vāsi garubhaṇḍameva. Pharasu pana antamaso vejjānaṃ sirāvedhanapharasupi garubhaṇḍameva. Kuṭhāriyaṃ pharasusadiso eva vinicchayo. Yā pana āvudhasaṅkhepena katā, ayaṃ anāmāsā. Kudālo antamaso caturaṅgulamattopi garubhaṇḍameva. Nikhādanaṃ caturassamukhaṃ vā hotu doṇimukhaṃ vā vaṅkaṃ vā ujukaṃ vā, antamaso sammuñjanidaṇḍakavedhanampi daṇḍabaddhaṃ ce, garubhaṇḍameva. Sammuñjanidaṇḍakhaṇanakaṃ pana adaṇḍakaṃ phalamattameva, yaṃ sakkā sipāṭikāya pakkhipitvā pariharituṃ, taṃ bhājanīyaṃ. Sikharampi nikhādaneneva saṅgahitaṃ. Yehi manussehi vihāre vāsiādīni dinnāni honti, te ca ghare daḍḍhe vā corehi vā vilutte 『『detha no, bhante, upakaraṇe, puna pākatike karissāmā』』ti vadanti, dātabbā. Sace āharanti , na vāretabbā; anāharantāpi na codetabbā.
Kammārataṭṭakāracundakāranaḷakāramaṇikārapattabandhakānaṃ adhikaraṇimuṭṭhikasaṇḍāsatulādīni sabbāni lohamayaupakaraṇāni saṅghe dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍāni. Tipukoṭṭakasuvaṇṇakāracammakāraupakaraṇesupi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – tipukoṭṭakaupakaraṇesupi tipucchedanasatthakaṃ, suvaṇṇakāraupakaraṇesu suvaṇṇacchedanasatthakaṃ, cammakāraupakaraṇesu kataparikammacammachiddanakaṃ khuddakasatthakanti imāni bhājanīyabhaṇḍāni. Nahāpitatunnakāraupakaraṇesupi ṭhapetvā mahākattariṃ mahāsaṇḍāsaṃ mahāpipphalakañca sabbaṃ bhājanīyaṃ. Mahākattariādīni garubhaṇḍāni.
Valliādīsu vettavalliādikā yā kāci aḍḍhabāhuppamāṇā valli saṅghassa dinnā vā tatthajātakā vā rakkhitagopitā garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, sā saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate sace atirekā hoti, puggalikakammepi upanetuṃ vaṭṭati; arakkhitā pana garubhaṇḍameva na hoti. Suttamakacivākanāḷikerahīracammamayā rajjukā vā yottāni vā vāke ca nāḷikerahīre ca vaṭṭetvā katā ekavaṭṭā vā dvivaṭṭā vā saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ. Suttaṃ pana avaṭṭetvā dinnaṃ makacivākanāḷikerahīrā ca bhājanīyā. Yehi panetāni rajjukayottādīni dinnāni honti, te attano karaṇīyena harantā na vāretabbā.
Yo koci antamaso aṭṭhaṅgulasūcidaṇḍamattopi veḷu saṅghassa dinno vā tatthajātako vā rakkhitagopito garubhaṇḍaṃ, sopi saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate atireko puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Pādagaṇhanakatelanāḷi pana kattarayaṭṭhi, upāhanadaṇḍako, chattadaṇḍo, chattasalākāti idamettha bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ. Daḍḍhagehamanussā gaṇhitvā gacchantā na vāretabbā. Rakkhitagopitaṃ veḷuṃ gaṇhantena samakaṃ vā atirekaṃ vā thāvaraṃ antamaso taṃagghanakampi phātikammaṃ katvā gahetabbo . Phātikammaṃ akatvā gaṇhantena tattheva vaḷañjetabbo , gamanakāle saṅghikāvāse ṭhapetvā gantabbaṃ. Asatiyā gahetvā gatena pahiṇitvā dātabbo. Desantaraṃ gatena sampattavihāre saṅghikāvāse ṭhapetabbo.
水壺只有在超過一腳容量的油器時才屬於重要財產。金、銀、水晶、寶石容器,即便是世俗使用也不允許,更不用說僧團或個人使用。但在住處使用時,無論是有生命還是無生命的,都是允許的。 對於斧頭,除了用於砍斷木棒或砍甘蔗的,不能用於其他大工作的斧頭,屬於可分配器具。比其更大的,無論以何種方式製作的斧頭,都屬於重要財產。斧頭,即便是醫生用於切開靜脈的,也屬於重要財產。對於砍刀,與斧頭判斷相同。如果是作為武器簡單製作的,則不可觸碰。鋤頭,即便只有四指寬,也屬於重要財產。 挖掘工具,無論是四方形口、斗形口、彎曲的還是直的,即便是帶柄的捆綁式挖掘工具,也屬於重要財產。不帶柄的挖掘工具只有果實大小,可以放入小袋中攜帶的,屬於可分配器具。尖峰也歸入挖掘工具類。如果有人在寺院施捨斧頭等,後來他們的房屋被燒燬或被盜,說:"請給我工具,我們將恢復原狀",應該給予。如果他們帶來,不應阻止;即使不帶來,也不應責備。 鐵匠、木匠、車匠、船匠、珠寶匠、制繩工、鉗工、秤等所有金屬製工具,從施捨給僧團時起就成為重要財產。對於青銅、金、皮革工具也是如此。但有區別:青銅工具中的切割刀,金匠工具中的金切割刀,皮革工具中的已加工皮革割裂的小刀,這些屬於可分配器具。理髮師、紡織工具中,除了大剪刀、大鉗子、大木棒外,其他都屬於可分配器具。大剪刀等屬於重要財產。 藤條等中,凡是半臂長的藤條,無論是施捨給僧團還是在當地生長並受保護的,都屬於重要財產,在僧團事務和佛塔事務中使用后,如果有剩餘,可用於個人事務。未受保護的不屬於重要財產。用線、椰子纖維、皮革製成的繩索或皮帶,線上、椰子纖維上纏繞,單股或雙股,從施捨給僧團時起就屬於重要財產。未纏繞線的椰子纖維和皮革屬於可分配器具。施捨這些繩索皮帶的人,攜帶用於自身事務時不應被阻止。 任何竹子,即便只有八指長的針棒大小,施捨給僧團或在當地生長並受保護的,在僧團事務和佛塔事務中使用后,如有剩餘,可用於個人事務。一腳容量的油、針棒、涼鞋棒、傘棒、傘桿屬於可分配器具。房屋被燒燬的居民拿走時不應阻止。拿取受保護的竹子時,應與之等值或更多的固定財產,即便只是其價值,也要完成交易。未完成交易就拿取的,應在原地賠償,離開時應放在僧團住處。不慎帶走的,應送回並放置。如果去往其他地方,應在到達的寺院僧團住處放置。
Tiṇanti muñjaṃ pabbajañca ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ yaṃkiñci tiṇaṃ. Yattha pana tiṇaṃ natthi, tattha paṇṇehi chādenti; tasmā paṇṇampi tiṇeneva saṅgahitaṃ. Iti muñjādīsu yaṃkiñci muṭṭhippamāṇampi tiṇaṃ tālapaṇṇādīsu ca ekaṃ paṇṇampi saṅghassa dinnaṃ vā tatthajātakaṃ vā bahārāme saṅghassa tiṇavatthuto jātatiṇaṃ vā rakkhitagopitaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, tampi saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate atirekaṃ puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Daḍḍhagehamanussā gahetvā gacchantā na vāretabbā. Aṭṭhaṅgulappamāṇopi rittapotthako garubhaṇḍameva.
Mattikā pakatimattikā vā hotu pañcavaṇṇā vā sudhā vā sajjurasakaṅguṭṭhasilesādīsu vā yaṃkiñci, dullabhaṭṭhāne ānetvā vā dinnaṃ tatthajātakaṃ vā rakkhitagopitaṃ tālaphalapakkamattaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Tampi saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca niṭṭhite atirekaṃ puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Hiṅguhiṅgulakaharitālamanosilañjanāni pana bhājanīyabhaṇḍāni.
Dārubhaṇḍe yo koci aṭṭhaṅgulasūcidaṇḍamattopi dārubhaṇḍako dārudullabhaṭṭhāne saṅghassa dinno vā tatthajātako vā rakkhitagopito, ayaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hotīti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana sabbampi dāruveḷucammapāsāṇādivikatiṃ dārubhaṇḍena saṅgaṇhitvā 『『tena kho pana samayena saṅghassa āsandiko uppanno hotī』』ti ito paṭṭhāya dārubhaṇḍavinicchayo vutto.
Tatrāyaṃ atthuddhāro, āsandiko, sattaṅgo, bhaddapīṭhaṃ, pīṭhikā, eḷakapādakapīṭhaṃ, āmalakavaṭṭakapīṭhaṃ, phalakaṃ, kocchaṃ, palālapīṭhakanti imesu tāva yaṃkiñci khuddakaṃ vā hotu mahantaṃ vā, saṅghassa dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Palālapīṭhena cettha kadalipattādipīṭhānipi saṅgahitāni. Byagghacammaonaddhampi vāḷarūpaparikkhittaṃ, ratanaparisibbitaṃ, kocchakaṃ garubhaṇḍameva.
Vaṅkaphalakaṃ, dīghaphalakaṃ, cīvaradhovanaphalakaṃ, ghaṭṭanaphalakaṃ, ghaṭṭanamuggaro, dantakaṭṭhacchedanagaṇṭhikā, daṇḍamuggaro, ambaṇaṃ, rajanadoṇi, udakapaṭicchako, dārumayo vā dantamayo vā veḷumayo vā sapādakopi apādakopi samuggo, mañjūsā, pādagaṇhanakato atirekappamāṇo karaṇḍo, udakadoṇi, udakakaṭāhaṃ, uḷuṅko, kaṭacchu, pānīyasarāvaṃ, pānīyasaṅkhoti etesupi yaṃkiñci saṅghe dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ. Saṅkhathālakaṃ pana bhājanīyaṃ, tathā dārumayo udakatumbo.
Pādakathalikamaṇḍalaṃ dārumayaṃ vā hotu coḷapaṇṇādimayaṃ vā sabbaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ. Ādhārako pattapidhānaṃ, tālavaṇṭaṃ, bījanī, caṅkoṭakaṃ, pacchi, yaṭṭhisammuñjanī muṭṭhisammuñjanīti etesupi yaṃkiñci khuddakaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā dāruveḷupaṇṇacammādīsu yena kenaci kataṃ garubhaṇḍameva.
Thambhatulāsopānaphalakādīsu dārumayaṃ vā pāsāṇamayaṃ vā yaṃkiñci gehasambhārarūpaṃ, yo koci kaṭasārako, yaṃkiñci bhūmattharaṇaṃ, yaṃkiñci akappiyacammaṃ, sabbaṃ saṅghe dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ, bhūmattharaṇaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Eḷakacammaṃ pana paccattharaṇagatikaṃ hoti, tampi garubhaṇḍameva. Kappiyacammāni bhājanīyāni. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『sabbaṃ mañcappamāṇaṃ cammaṃ garubhaṇḍa』』nti vuttaṃ.
草類,包括蘆葦和其他植物,除去其他的任何草。若沒有草,則以樹葉覆蓋;因此,樹葉也應以草的方式收集。因此,在蘆葦等中,任何草的量,即使是一片樹葉,若施捨給僧團或當地生長並受保護的,屬於重要財產,且在僧團事務和佛塔事務中使用后,如有剩餘,可用於個人事務。拿著房屋的居民離開時不應被阻止。即便是八指長的空瓶也屬於重要財產。 泥土,無論是普通泥土還是五種顏色的泥土,或是清水、泥土、石頭等,任何在稀有地方帶來的或施捨給僧團的,或當地生長並受保護的,屬於重要財產。這樣的物品在僧團事務和佛塔事務完成後,如有剩餘,可用於個人事務。香料、香草等則屬於可分配器具。 在木製器具中,任何八指長的木棒,若施捨給僧團或當地生長並受保護的,屬於重要財產。根據《大註釋》,所有木製、皮革、石製等器具均應歸類於木製器具,"因此,在那個時候,僧團的椅子出現了"。從此以後,關於木製器具的判斷被提及。 這裡的包括,椅子、七根腳、座椅、坐墊、椅子、某些小物件,若施捨給僧團,屬於重要財產。椅子可以與香蕉葉等座椅結合。即便是用老虎皮製作的,也屬於重要財產。 彎曲的座椅、長座椅、洗衣座椅、榨汁座椅、榨汁工具、切割工具、木棒、木錘、木凳、木桶、木器、木製或牙制的器具,任何施捨給僧團的,均屬於重要財產。可分配的器具也應如此,木製的水桶。 腳踏板、木製或石製的器具,任何家庭用品,任何木製或石製的,任何不合規的皮革,所有施捨給僧團的,均屬於重要財產。任何木製的座椅都屬於重要財產。合規的皮革製品應視為可分配器具。根據《大註釋》,"所有的座椅都應視為重要財產"。
Udukkhalaṃ, musalaṃ, suppaṃ, nisadaṃ, nisadapoto, pāsāṇadoṇi, pāsāṇakaṭāhaṃ, turivemabhastādi sabbaṃ pesakārādibhaṇḍaṃ, sabbaṃ kasibhaṇḍaṃ, sabbaṃ cakkayuttakayānaṃ garubhaṇḍameva. Mañcapādo , mañcaaṭanī, pīṭhapādo, pīṭhaaṭanī, vāsipharasuādīnaṃ daṇḍāti etesu yaṃkiñci vippakatatacchanakammaṃ aniṭṭhitameva bhājanīyaṃ, tacchitamaṭṭhaṃ pana garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Anuññātavāsiyā pana daṇḍo chattamuṭṭhipaṇṇaṃ kattarayaṭṭhi upāhanā araṇisahitaṃ dhammakaraṇo pādagaṇhanakato anatirittaṃ āmalakatumbaṃ āmalakaghaṭo lābukatumbaṃ lābughaṭo visāṇakatumbanti sabbametaṃ bhājanīyaṃ, tato mahantataraṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ.
Hatthidanto vā yaṃkiñci visāṇaṃ vā atacchitaṃ yathājātameva bhājanīyaṃ, tehi katamañcapādādīsu purimasadisoyeva vinicchayo. Tacchitaniṭṭhitopi hiṅgukaraṇḍako añjanakaraṇḍako gaṇṭhikā vidho añjanī añjanisalākā udakapuñchanīti idaṃ sabbaṃ bhājanīyameva.
Mattikābhaṇḍe sabbaṃ manussānaṃ upabhogaparibhogaṃ ghaṭapiṭharādikulālabhājanaṃ pattakaṭāhaṃ aṅgārakaṭāhaṃ dhūmadānakaṃ dīparukkhako dīpakapallikā cayaniṭṭhakā chadaniṭṭhakā thūpikāti saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ, pādagaṇhanakato anatirittappamāṇo pana ghaṭako pattaṃ thālakaṃ kañcanako kuṇḍikāti idamettha bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ. Yathā ca mattikābhaṇḍe; evaṃ lohabhaṇḍepi kuṇḍikā bhājanīyakoṭṭhāsameva bhajatīti ayamettha anupubbikathā.
Avissajjiyavatthukathā niṭṭhitā.
Navakammadānakathā
杵、臼、簸箕、墊板、墊板盆、石盆、石鍋、風箱等,所有紡織工具、農業工具、車輛工具,均屬於重要財產。床腳、床支架、座椅腳、座椅支架、斧頭等工具中,任何未完成的未加工木工製品屬於可分配器具,已加工完成的則屬於重要財產。 經允許的斧頭、傘柄、紙、木棒、涼鞋、火種、法器、不超過一腳容量的木瓶、木罐、葫蘆瓶、葫蘆罐、鹿角瓶,這些均屬於可分配器具,超過者則屬於重要財產。 大象牙或未加工的鹿角,原樣屬於可分配器具,用這些製作的床腳等,判斷與之前相同。已完成加工的香料盒、眼線盒、結節、木棒、眼線筆、洗滌器等,均屬於可分配器具。 在陶器中,所有人類使用的器具,如罐、罐子、陶工製品、碗、鍋、炭盆、菸灰缸、燈、燈架、磚、瓦、小塔,從施捨給僧團時起就屬於重要財產。不超過一腳容量的罐、碗、盤子、金器、水罐等屬於可分配器具。正如陶器,金屬器具中的水罐也屬於可分配器具類。 未出售物品的論述到此結束。 關於新建築的施捨。
323.Bhaṇḍikāṭṭhapanamattenāti dvārabāhānaṃ upari kapotabhaṇḍikayojanamattena. Paribhaṇḍakaraṇamattenāti gomayaparibhaṇḍakasāvaparibhaṇḍakaraṇamattena. Dhūmakālikanti idaṃ yāvassa citakadhūmo na paññāyati, tāva ayaṃ vihāro etassevāti evaṃ dhūmakāle apaloketvā katapariyositaṃ vihāraṃ denti. Vippakatanti ettha vippakato nāma yāva gopānasiyo na ārohanti. Gopānasīsu pana āruḷhāsu bahukato nāma hoti, tasmā tato paṭṭhāya na dātabbo, kiñcideva samādapetvā kāressati. Khuddake vihāre kammaṃ oloketvā chappañcavassikanti kammaṃ oloketvā catuhatthavihāre catuvassikaṃ, pañcahatthe pañcavassikaṃ, chahatthe chavassikaṃ dātabbaṃ. Aḍḍhayogo pana yasmā sattaṭṭhahattho hoti, tasmā ettha 『『sattaṭṭhavassika』』nti vuttaṃ. Sace pana so navahattho hoti navavassikampi dātabbaṃ. Mahallake pana dasahatthe ekādasahatthe vihāre vā pāsāde vā dasavassikaṃ vā ekādasavassikaṃ vā dātabbaṃ. Dvādasahatthe pana tato adhike vā lohapāsādasadisepi dvādasavassikameva dātabbaṃ, na tato uttari.
Navakammiko bhikkhu antovasse taṃ āvāsaṃ labhati, utukāle paṭibāhituṃ na labhati. Sace so āvāso jīrati, āvāsasāmikassa vā tassa vaṃse uppannassa vā kassaci kathetabbaṃ – 『『āvāso te nassati, jaggatha etaṃ āvāsa』』nti. Sace so na sakkoti, bhikkhūhi ñātī vā upaṭṭhāke vā samādapetvā jaggitabbo. Sace tepi na sakkonti, saṅghikena paccayena jaggitabbo. Tasmimpi asati ekaṃ āvāsaṃ vissajjetvā avasesā jaggitabbā. Bahū vissajjetvā ekaṃ saṇṭhāpetumpi vaṭṭatiyeva.
Dubbhikkhe bhikkhūsu pakkantesu sabbe āvāsā nassanti, tasmā ekaṃ vā dve vā tayo vā āvāse vissajjetvā tato yāgubhattacīvarādīni paribhuñjantehi sesāvāsā jaggitabbāyeva. Kurundiyaṃ pana vuttaṃ 『『saṅghike paccaye asati eko bhikkhu 『tuyhaṃ ekaṃ mañcaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā jaggāhī』ti vattabbo. Sace bahutaraṃ icchati, tibhāgaṃ vā upaḍḍhabhāgaṃ vā datvāpi jaggāpetabbaṃ. Atha 『thambhamattamevettha avasiṭṭhaṃ, bahukammaṃ kātabba』nti na icchati, 『tuyhaṃ puggalikameva katvā jagga; evampi hi saṅghassa bhaṇḍakaṭṭhapanaṭṭhānaṃ navakānañca vasanaṭṭhānaṃ labhissatī』ti jaggāpetabbo. Evaṃ jaggito pana tasmiṃ jīvante puggaliko hoti, mate saṅghikoyeva . Sace saddhivihārikānaṃ dātukāmo hoti, kammaṃ oloketvā tibhāgaṃ vā upaḍḍhaṃ vā puggalikaṃ katvā jaggāpetabbo. Evañhi saddhivihārikānaṃ dātuṃ labhati. Evaṃ jagganake pana asati 『ekaṃ āvāsaṃ vissajjetvā』tiādinā nayena jaggāpetabbo』』ti.
Idampi ca aññaṃ tattheva vuttaṃ – dve bhikkhū saṅghikaṃ bhūmiṃ gahetvā sodhetvā saṅghikaṃ senāsanaṃ karonti. Yena sā bhūmi paṭhamaṃ gahitā, so sāmī. Ubhopi puggalikaṃ karonti, soyeva sāmī. So saṅghikaṃ karoti, itaro puggalikaṃ karoti, aññaṃ ce bahuṃ senāsanaṭṭhānaṃ atthi , puggalikaṃ karontopi na vāretabbo. Aññasmiṃ pana tādise paṭirūpe ṭhāne asati taṃ paṭibāhitvā saṅghikaṃ karonteneva kātabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana tassa tattha vayakammaṃ kataṃ, taṃ dātabbaṃ. Sace pana katāvāse vā āvāsakaraṇaṭṭhāne vā chāyūpagaphalūpagarukkhā honti, apaloketvā hāretabbā. Puggalikā ce honti, sāmikā āpucchitabbā; no ce denti, yāvatatiyaṃ āpucchitvā 『『rukkhaagghanakamūlaṃ dassāmā』』ti hāretabbā.
- "僅僅放置木材"是指在門框上方放置鴿子窩。"僅僅做圍欄"是指用牛糞或泥漿做圍欄。"煙霧期"是指在建築物的煙霧還看得見時,這座精舍就屬於他,這樣在煙霧期間經過宣佈后完成的精舍就給予。"未完成"是指未安裝椽子。當椽子安裝后就被稱為"大部分完成",因此從那時起就不應給予,他應該鼓勵完成一些工作。對於小精舍,應考慮工作量給予五六年;對於四肘長的精舍給予四年,五肘長的給予五年,六肘長的給予六年。半圓頂的精舍通常是七八肘長,因此這裡說"七八年"。如果是九肘長,也可以給予九年。對於大精舍,十肘或十一肘長的精舍或宮殿,應給予十年或十一年。對於十二肘長或更長的,即使像銅宮那樣,也只應給予十二年,不能超過。 負責新建築的比丘在雨季可以獲得那個住處,但在旱季不能阻止他人使用。如果那個住處破損,應該告訴住處的主人或他的後代:"你的住處正在毀壞,請照看這個住處。"如果他不能,比丘們應該鼓勵親戚或信徒來照看。如果他們也不能,應該用僧團的資源來照看。如果沒有資源,應該放棄一個住處來維護其餘的。即使放棄多個來維護一個也是可以的。 在饑荒時期,如果比丘們離開,所有住處都會毀壞,因此應該放棄一個、兩個或三個住處,用那裡的粥、飯、衣服等來維護其餘的住處。在《小誦》中說:"如果沒有僧團的資源,應該告訴一位比丘'你拿一個床位來照看'。如果他想要更多,可以給三分之一或一半來讓他照看。如果他說'這裡只剩下柱子,需要做很多工作'而不願意,應該告訴他'你就當作是你個人的來照看;這樣僧團還能有放置物品的地方和新人居住的地方'。這樣照看的,在他活著時是個人的,死後就歸僧團所有。如果他想給弟子們,應該考慮工作量,讓他把三分之一或一半作為個人的來照看。這樣他就可以給弟子們。如果沒有人這樣照看,應該按照'放棄一個住處'等方式來讓人照看。" 這裡還說了另一點:兩位比丘拿了僧團的土地,清理后建造僧團的住處。先拿到土地的人是主人。如果兩人都建造個人的,那個人仍是主人。如果他建造僧團的,另一個建造個人的,如果還有很多其他住處的地方,建造個人的也不應阻止。但如果沒有其他合適的地方,應該阻止他,只能建造僧團的。他在那裡所做的工作費用應該給予。如果在已建好的住處或建造住處的地方有能遮陽或結果的樹木,應該宣佈后砍伐。如果是個人的,應該詢問主人;如果不給,應該問到第三次,說"我們
Yo pana saṅghikavallimattampi aggahetvā āharimena upakaraṇena saṅghikāya bhūmiyā puggalikavihāraṃ kāreti, upaḍḍhaṃ saṅghikaṃ hoti; upaḍḍhaṃ puggalikaṃ. Pāsādo ce hoti, heṭṭhāpāsādo saṅghiko; upari puggaliko. Sace so heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ icchati, tassa hoti. Atha heṭṭhā ca upari ca icchati, ubhayattha upaḍḍhaṃ labhati. Dve senāsanāni kāreti – ekaṃ saṅghikaṃ, ekaṃ puggalikaṃ. Sace vihāre uṭṭhitena dabbasambhārena kāreti, tatiyabhāgaṃ labhati. Sace akataṭṭhāne cayaṃ vā pamukhaṃ vā karoti, bahikuṭṭe upaḍḍhaṃ saṅghassa, upaḍḍhaṃ tassa. Atha mahantaṃ visamaṃ pūretvā apade padaṃ dassetvā kataṃ hoti, anissaro tattha saṅgho.
Ekaṃvaraseyyanti ettha navakammadānaṭṭhāne vā vassaggena pattaṭṭhāne vā yaṃ icchati, taṃ ekaṃ varaseyyaṃ anujānāmīti attho.
Pariyosite pakkamati tassevetanti puna āgantvā vasantassa antovassaṃ tasseva taṃ; anāgacchantassa pana saddhivihārikādayo gahetuṃ na labhanti.
Navakammadānakathā niṭṭhitā.
Aññatrapaṭibhogapaṭikkhepādikathā
如果有人在沒有接受僧團的財物的情況下,使用工具在僧團的土地上建造個人的住處,則部分屬於僧團,部分屬於個人。如果是樓閣,則下層樓閣屬於僧團;上層樓閣屬於個人。如果他想要下層樓閣,則歸他所有。如果他想要下層和上層,兩個地方都可得部分。建造兩個住處——一個屬於僧團,一個屬於個人。如果在寺院內用沉重的物品建造,則可得三分之一的份額。如果在未設立的地方做聚集或主要建築,則在外屋中部分屬於僧團,部分屬於他。如果是建造大的不規則房屋,顯示出根基的地方,則沒有人可依賴。 「一個床位」是指在新建築的地方或按年數的住處中,所需的一個床位,給予允許的意思。 「完成後離開」是指再次回來居住的,屬於他自己的;而不回來的人,如信士等,則無法獲取。 新建築的施捨論述到此結束。 關於其他物品的分配和拒絕的論述。
324.Nātiharantīti aññatra haritvā na paribhuñjanti. Guttatthāyāti yaṃ tattha mañcapīṭhādi, tassa guttatthāya, taṃ aññatra harituṃ anujānāmīti attho. Tasmā taṃ aññatra haritvā saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjantassa naṭṭhaṃ sunaṭṭhaṃ, jiṇṇaṃ sujiṇṇaṃ. Sace arogaṃ tasmiṃ vihāre paṭisaṅkhate puna pākatikaṃ kātabbaṃ. Puggalikaparibhogena paribhuñjato naṭṭhaṃ vā jiṇṇaṃ vā gīvā hoti, tasmiṃ paṭisaṅkhate dātabbameva. Sace tato gopānasiādīni gahetvā aññasmiṃ saṅghikāvāse yojenti, suyojitāni. Puggalikāvāse yojentehi pana mūlaṃ vā dātabbaṃ, paṭipākatikaṃ vā kātabbaṃ chaḍḍitavihārato mañcapīṭhādīni theyyacittena gaṇhanto uddhāreyeva bhaṇḍagghena kāretabbo. Puna āvāsikakāle dassāmīti gahetvā saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjantassa naṭṭhaṃ sunaṭṭhaṃ, jiṇṇaṃ sujiṇṇaṃ. Arogañce pākatikaṃ kātabbaṃ . Puggalikaparibhogena paribhuñjantassa naṭṭhaṃ gīvā hoti. Tato dvāravātapānādīni saṅghikāvāse vā puggalikāvāse vā yojitāni paṭidātabbāniyeva.
Phātikammatthāyāti vaḍḍhikammatthāya. Phātikammañcettha samakaṃ vā atirekaṃ vā agghanakaṃ mañcapīṭhādisenāsanameva vaṭṭati.
Cakkalikanti kambalādīhi veṭhetvā katacakkalikaṃ. Allehi pādehīti yehi akkantaṭṭhāne udakaṃ paññāyati, evarūpehi pādehi paribhaṇḍakatabhūmi vā senāsanaṃ vā na akkamitabbaṃ . Sace pana udakasinehamattameva paññāyati, na udakaṃ, vaṭṭati. Pādapuñchaniṃ pana allapādehipi akkamituṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Saupāhanena dhotapādehi akkamitabbaṭṭhāneyeva na vaṭṭati.
Coḷakena paliveṭhetunti sudhābhūmiyaṃ vā paribhaṇḍabhūmiyaṃ vā sace taṭṭikā vā kaṭasārako vā natthi, coḷakena pādā veṭhetabbā, tasmiṃ asati paṇṇampi attharituṃ vaṭṭati. Kiñci anattharitvā ṭhapentassa pana dukkaṭaṃ. Yadi pana tattha nevāsikā anatthatāyapi bhūmiyā ṭhapenti, adhotapādehipi vaḷañjenti, tatheva vaḷañjetuṃ vaṭṭati.
Na bhikkhave parikammakatā bhittīti setabhitti vā cittakammakatā vā. Na kevalañca bhittimeva, dvārampi vātapānampi apassenaphalakampi pāsāṇatthambhampi rukkhatthambhampi cīvarena vā kenaci vā appaṭicchādetvā apassayituṃ na labbhatiyeva.
Dhotapādakāti dhotapādakā hutvā dhotehi pādehi akkamitabbaṭṭhāne nipajjituṃ kukkuccāyanti. 『『Dhotapādake』』tipi pāṭho. Dhotehi pādehi akkamitabbaṭṭhānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ . Paccattharitvāti paribhaṇḍakataṃ bhūmiṃ vā bhūmattharaṇasenāsanaṃ vā saṅghikamañcapīṭhaṃ vā attano santakena paccattharaṇena paccattharitvāva nipajjitabbaṃ. Sace niddāyatopi paccattharaṇe saṅkuṭite koci sarīrāvayavo mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā phusati, āpattiyeva. Lomesu pana lomagaṇanāya āpattiyeva. Paribhogasīsena apassayantassāpi eseva nayo. Hatthatalapādatalehi pana phusituṃ vā akkamituṃ vā vaṭṭati. Mañcapīṭhaṃ nīharantassa kāye paṭihaññati, anāpatti.
Aññatraparibhogapaṭikkhepādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Saṅghabhattādianujānanakathā
- "不過度運送"是指不在別處運送並使用。"爲了保護"是指那裡的床、座椅等,爲了保護它們,允許在別處運送。因此,在別處運送並使用僧團使用的物品,如果損壞、嚴重損壞、老化、嚴重老化。如果在該精舍修復后恢復正常,則應重新恢復正常。如果是個人使用的物品,損壞或老化則歸於個人,修復后應予以給予。如果從那裡取椽子等並安置在另一個僧團住處,則被視為妥善安置。但在個人住處安置時,應給予原價或恢復原狀。從被遺棄的住處以偷竊的意圖取床、座椅等,應按物品價值追究。 再次在住處期間說"我將歸還"並使用僧團物品,如果損壞、嚴重損壞、老化、嚴重老化。如果完好,則應恢復正常。使用個人物品時,損壞則歸於個人。從那裡取門窗等,無論是在僧團住處還是個人住處,均應歸還。 "爲了增長工作"是爲了增長工作。在此增長工作中,等值或超值的床、座椅等住處是可以的。 "包裹"是用毛毯等包裹製成的。"濕腳"是指在踩踏處能看到水的腳。這種腳不應踩踏圍欄地或住處。如果只能看到水的濕潤,而非水本身,則可以。即使是濕腳也可以踩踏擦腳布。除了穿鞋洗過的腳外,其他情況不可踩踏。 "用布包裹"是指在石灰地或圍欄地,如果沒有墊子或蓆子,應用布包裹腳,如果沒有,可以鋪葉子。不鋪任何東西而放置則犯過。如果住處居民爲了不弄髒地方而放置,即使是未洗的腳也可以走動。 "不要在粉飾過的墻上"是指白墻或有裝飾的墻。不僅僅是墻,門、窗、木板、石柱、樹柱等,不可以不遮蓋地靠近。 "洗腳者"是指洗腳后在可以用洗過的腳踩踏的地方躺下時感到猶豫。也有"洗腳處"的說法。這是指可以用洗過的腳踩踏的地方。"重新鋪設"是指在圍欄地或地鋪住處或僧團的床、座椅上,用自己的鋪蓋重新鋪設后才能躺下。即使在打盹時鋪蓋皺縮,身體的任何部位接觸床或座椅也犯過。在毛髮上按毛髮數量也犯過。靠近使用區域的頭部也是如此。但可以用手掌和腳掌觸控或踩踏。搬動床、座椅時身體被撞擊則無過。 關於其他物品的分配和拒絕的論述到此結束。 關於僧團食物等的允許的論述。
325.Nasakkonti saṅghabhattaṃ kātunti sakalassa saṅghassa bhattaṃ kātuṃ na sakkonti. Uddesabhattantiādīsu 『『ekaṃ vā dve vā…pe… dasa vā bhikkhū saṅghato uddisitvā dethā』』ti evaṃ uddesena laddhabhikkhūnaṃ bhattaṃ kātuṃ icchanti. Apare tatheva bhikkhū paricchinditvā nimantetvā tesaṃ bhattaṃ kātuṃ icchanti. Apare salākāyo chinditvā, apare pakkhikaṃ uposathikaṃ pāṭipadikanti evaṃ niyāmetvā, ekassa vā dvinnaṃ vā…pe… dasannaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ bhattaṃ kātuṃ icchanti. Iti etāni bhattāni uddesabhattaṃ nimantananti imaṃ vohāraṃ pattāni. Yasmā pana te sacepi dubbhikkhe na sakkonti, subhikkhe jāte pana puna saṅghabhattaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissanti, tasmā bhagavā tampi anto katvā 『『anujānāmi, bhikkhave, saṅghabhattaṃ uddesabhatta』』ntiādimāha.
Tattha saṅghabhatte ṭhitikā nāma natthi, tasmā 『『amhākaṃ ajja dasa dvādasa divasā bhuñjantānaṃ idāni aññato bhikkhū ānethā』』ti na evaṃ tattha vattabbaṃ. 『『Purimadivasesu amhehi na laddhaṃ, idāni taṃ amhākaṃ gāhethā』』ti evampi vattuṃ na labbhati. Tañhi āgatāgatānaṃ pāpuṇātiyeva.
Saṅghabhattādianujānanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Uddesabhattakathā
Uddesabhattādīsu pana ayaṃ nayo – raññā vā rājamahāmattena vā saṅghato uddisitvā 『『ettake bhikkhū ānethā』』ti pahite kālaṃ ghosetvā ṭhitikā pucchitabbā. Sace atthi, tato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ; no ce, therāsanato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ. Uddesakena piṇḍapātikānampi na atikkāmetabbaṃ. Te pana dhutaṅgaṃ rakkhantā sayameva atikkamissanti; evaṃ gāhiyamāne alasajātikā mahātherā pacchā āgacchanti, 『『bhante, vīsativassānaṃ gāhiyati, tumhākaṃ ṭhitikā atikkantā』』ti na vattabbā, ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā tesaṃ gāhetvā pacchā ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. 『『Asukavihāre bahuṃ uddesabhattaṃ uppanna』』nti sutvā yojanantarikavihāratopi bhikkhū āgacchanti, sampattasampattānaṃ ṭhitaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ. Asampattānampi upacārasīmaṃ paviṭṭhānaṃ antevāsikādīsu gaṇhantesu gāhetabbameva. Bahiupacārasīmāya ṭhitānaṃ gāhethāti vadanti, na gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana upacārasīmaṃ okkantehi ekābaddhā hutvā attano vihāradvāre vā antovihāreyeva vā honti, parisāvasena vaḍḍhitā nāma sīmā hoti, tasmā gāhetabbaṃ. Saṅghanavakassa dinnepi pacchā āgatānaṃ gāhetabbameva . Dutiyabhāge pana therāsanaṃ āruḷhe puna āgatānaṃ paṭhamabhāgo na pāpuṇāti, dutiyabhāgato vassaggena gāhetabbaṃ.
- "無法準備僧團的食物"是指無法為整個僧團準備食物。"指定食物"等中提到"一位或兩位……十位比丘,按僧團的要求給予"等,意指通過指定獲得的食物。還有一些比丘則是通過邀請而準備食物。還有一些則是通過切割木材,另外一些則是通過提供齋戒、修行等方式,按一位或兩位……十位比丘的要求準備食物。由此可知,這些食物是指定食物的邀請。因此,如果在饑荒中他們無法做到,但在豐收時則能再次為僧團準備食物,因此佛陀也因此做出規定,"我允許,比丘們,準備僧團的指定食物"等。 在此處,僧團的食物並沒有固定的數量,因此"今天我們在吃十或十二天的食物時,現有的比丘們應當將食物帶來"等並不應如此說。"前幾天我們沒有得到,現在請將食物帶來"等也不應如此說。因為這隻會影響到來來往往的人。 關於僧團食物等的允許的論述到此結束。 關於指定食物的論述 在指定食物等中,這樣的原則是——由國王或大臣以僧團的名義說"請將這些比丘帶來"併發出通知后,應詢問是否存在。如果有,從那時起應當接受;如果沒有,從長老的名義起應當接受。指定的比丘也不應被忽視。他們在保持清凈的同時,也會自己超越;因此在被邀請時,懶惰的長老們會在之後到來,"尊者,二十年來被邀請,你們的食物已經超越了"等不應說,應該在保持清凈的同時接受他們的食物。聽說"在某個精舍有很多指定食物產生",因此住在附近的比丘們也會前來,從適合的地方開始接受。對於不適合的地方,接受時應當接受。對於遠離適合的地方的比丘們,應該說"不應接受"。如果在適合的地方被邀請,形成了一個整體,住在自己精舍門口或內部的,因群體而增長的地方,應該接受。因此應當接受。即使給予僧團的食物,後來到來的人也應當接受。在第二部分中,長老們在升座后,後來到的人也不應接受第一部分,第二部分應按年數接受。
Ekasmiṃ vihāre ekaṃ bhattuddesaṭṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā gāvutappamāṇāyapi upacārasīmāya yattha katthaci ārocitaṃ uddesabhattaṃ, tasmiṃyeva bhattuddesaṭṭhāne gāhetabbaṃ. Eko ekassa bhikkhuno pahiṇāti 『『svepi saṅghato uddisitvā dasa bhikkhū pahiṇathā』』ti, tena so attho bhattuddesakassa ārocetabbo. Sace taṃ divasaṃ pamussati, dutiyadivase pātova ārocetabbo. Atha pamussitvāva piṇḍāya pavisanto sarati, yāva upacārasīmaṃ nātikkamati, tāva yā bhojanasālāya pakatiṭṭhitikā, tassāyeva vasena gāhetabbaṃ. Sacepi upacārasīmaṃ atikkantā bhikkhū ca upacārasīmaṭṭhakehi ekābaddhā honti, aññamaññaṃ dvādasahatthantaraṃ avijahitvā gacchanti, pakatiṭṭhitikāya vasena gāhetabbaṃ. Bhikkhūnaṃ pana tādise ekābaddhe asati bahiupacārasīmāya yasmiṃ ṭhāne sarati, tattha navaṃ ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbaṃ. Antogāme āsanasālāya sarantena āsanasālāya ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Yattha katthaci saritvā gāhetabbameva, agāhetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Na hi etaṃ dutiyadivase labbhatīti.
Sace sakavihārato aññaṃ vihāraṃ gacchante bhikkhū disvā koci uddesabhattaṃ uddisāpeti, yāva antoupacāre vā upacārasīmaṭṭhakehi saddhiṃ vuttanayena ekābaddhā vā honti, tāva sakavihāre ṭhitikāvaseneva gāhetabbaṃ. Bahiupacāre ṭhitānaṃ dinnaṃ pana 『『saṅghato bhante ettake nāma bhikkhū uddisathā』』ti vutte sampattānaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Tattha dvādasahatthantaraṃ avijahitvā ekābaddhanayena dūre ṭhitāpi sampattāyevāti veditabbaṃ. Sace yaṃ vihāraṃ gacchanti, tattha paviṭṭhānaṃ ārocenti, tassa vihārassa ṭhitikāvasena gāhetabbaṃ. Sacepi gāmadvāre vā vīthiyaṃ vā catukke vā antaraghare vā bhikkhū disvā koci saṅghuddesaṃ āroceti, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne antoupacāragatānaṃ gāhetabbaṃ.
Gharūpacāro cettha 『『ekaṃ gharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ, ekaṃ gharaṃ nānūpacāraṃ, nānāgharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ, nānāgharaṃ nānūpacāra』』nti imesaṃ vasena veditabbo. Tattha yaṃ ekakulassa gharaṃ ekavaḷañjaṃ hoti, taṃ suppapātaparicchedassa anto ekūpacāraṃ nāma. Tatthuppanno uddesalābho tasmiṃ upacāre bhikkhācāravattenapi ṭhitānaṃ sabbesaṃ pāpuṇāti, etaṃ 『『ekaṃ gharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ』』 nāma.
Yaṃ pana ekaṃ gharaṃ dvinnaṃ bhariyānaṃ sukhavihāratthāya majjhe bhittiṃ uṭṭhāpetvā nānādvāravaḷañjaṃ kataṃ, tatthuppanno uddesalābho bhittiantarikassa na pāpuṇāti, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne nisinnasseva pāpuṇāti, etaṃ 『『ekaṃ gharaṃ nānūpacāraṃ』』 nāma.
Yasmiṃ pana ghare bahū bhikkhū nimantetvā antogehato paṭṭhāya ekābaddhe katvā paṭivissakagharānipi pūretvā nisīdāpenti, tatthuppanno uddesalābho sabbesaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yampi nānākulassa nivesanaṃ majjhe bhittiṃ akatvā ekadvāreneva vaḷañjanti, tatrāpi eseva nayo. Etaṃ 『『nānāgharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ』』 nāma.
Yo pana nānānivesanesu nisinnānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ uddesalābho uppajjati, kiñcāpi bhitticchiddena bhikkhū dissanti, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ nivesane nisinnānaṃyeva pāpuṇāti, etaṃ 『『nānāgharaṃ nānūpacāraṃ』』 nāma.
在一個精舍里,劃定一個分發食物的地方,即使在四分之一由旬範圍內的任何地方宣佈的指定食物,也應在那個分發食物的地方接受。如果有人派人給一位比丘說"明天也請從僧團中指定十位比丘來",他應該將此事告知分發食物的人。如果那天忘記了,第二天一早就應告知。如果忘記了,在乞食時想起,只要還沒有越過界限,就應按照食堂的常規順序接受。即使越過了界限,比丘們與界限內的人連成一體,彼此之間不超過十二肘的距離,也應按照常規順序接受。如果比丘們沒有這樣連成一體,在界限外的任何地方想起,就應重新建立順序來接受。在村子裡的座位大廳想起時,應按照座位大廳的順序接受。無論在哪裡想起都應該接受,不接受是不合適的。因為這不是第二天才能得到的。 如果看到從自己精舍去其他精舍的比丘,有人指定食物,只要他們還在界限內或與界限內的人按前述方式連成一體,就應按自己精舍的順序接受。如果給了界限外的人,說"請從僧團中指定這麼多比丘",就應給在場的人接受。在這裡,應知道即使遠處的人,只要彼此之間不超過十二肘的距離連成一體,也被視為在場。如果他們到達要去的精舍后才宣佈,就應按那個精舍的順序接受。即使在村門、街道、十字路口或房子中間看到比丘,有人宣佈給僧團的指定食物,也應給在那個地方界限內的人接受。 這裡的房屋界限應按"一個房子一個界限,一個房子多個界限,多個房子一個界限,多個房子多個界限"來理解。其中,屬於一個家庭的房子有一個使用範圍,在拋灑範圍內就是一個界限。在那裡產生的指定食物,應給在那個界限內按乞食規矩站立的所有人。這就是"一個房子一個界限"。 如果一個房子爲了兩個妻子住得舒服,在中間豎起墻壁,有不同的門使用,在那裡產生的指定食物不應給隔墻的人,只應給在各自地方坐著的人。這就是"一個房子多個界限"。 如果在一個房子里邀請很多比丘,從房子里開始連成一體,甚至填滿鄰居的房子讓他們坐下,在那裡產生的指定食物應給所有人。如果是不同家庭的住所,沒有在中間豎墻,只用一個門,也是同樣的道理。這就是"多個房子一個界限"。 如果在不同住所坐著的比丘產生指定食物,即使通過墻壁的縫隙可以看到比丘,也只應給坐在各自住所里的人。這就是"多個房子多個界限"。
Yo pana gāmadvāravīthicatukkesu aññatarasmiṃ ṭhāne uddesabhattaṃ labhitvā aññasmiṃ bhikkhusmiṃ asati attanova pāpuṇāpetvā dutiyadivasepi tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aññaṃ labhati, tena yaṃ aññaṃ navakaṃ vā vuḍḍhaṃ vā bhikkhuṃ passati, tassa gāhetabbaṃ. Sace koci natthi, attanova pāpetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ.
Sace āsanasālāya nisīditvā kālaṃ paṭimānentesu bhikkhūsu koci āgantvā 『『saṅghuddesapattaṃ detha, uddesapattaṃ detha, saṅghato uddisitvā pattaṃ detha, saṅghikaṃ pattaṃ dethā』』ti vā vadati, uddesapattaṃ ṭhitikāya gāhetvā dātabbaṃ. 『『Saṅghuddesabhikkhuṃ detha, saṅghato uddisitvā bhikkhuṃ detha, saṅghikaṃ bhikkhuṃ dethā』』ti vuttepi eseva nayo.
Uddesako panettha pesalo lajjī medhāvī icchitabbo, tena tikkhattuṃ ṭhitikaṃ pucchitvā sace koci ṭhitikaṃ jānanto natthi, therāsanato gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana 『『ahaṃ jānāmi, dasavassena laddha』』nti koci bhaṇati, 『『atthāvuso, dasavassā bhikkhū』』ti pucchitabbaṃ. Sace tassa sutvā 『『dasavassamha dasavassamhā』』ti bahū āgacchanti, 『『tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti avatvā 『『sabbe appasaddā hothā』』ti vatvā paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapetabbā. Ṭhapetvā 『『kati icchathā』』ti upāsako pucchitabbo. 『『Ettake nāma, bhante, bhikkhū』』ti vutte 『『tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti avatvā sabbanavakassa vassaggañca utu ca divasabhāgo ca chāyā ca pucchitabbā. Sace chāyāyapi pucchiyamānāya añño vuḍḍhataro āgacchati, tassa dātabbaṃ. Atha chāyaṃ pucchitvā 『『tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti vutte vuḍḍhataro āgacchati, na labhati. Kathāpapañcena hi nisinnassāpi niddāyantassāpi gāhitaṃ suggāhitaṃ, atikkantaṃ suatikkantaṃ, bhājanīyabhaṇḍañhi nāmetaṃ sampattasseva pāpuṇāti, tattha sampattabhāvo upacārena paricchinditabbo. Āsanasālāya ca antoparikkhepo upacāro, tasmiṃ ṭhitassa lābho pāpuṇātīti.
Koci āsanasālato aṭṭha uddesapatte āharāpetvā satta patte paṇītabhojanānaṃ ekaṃ udakassa pūretvā āsanasālāyaṃ pahiṇāti, gahetvā āgatā kiñci avatvā bhikkhūnaṃ hatthesu patiṭṭhāpetvā pakkamanti. Yena yaṃ laddhaṃ, tasseva taṃ hoti. Yena pana udakaṃ laddhaṃ, tassa atikkantampi ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ uddesabhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Tañca lūkhaṃ vā labhatu paṇītaṃ vā ticīvaraparivāraṃ vā, tassevetaṃ. Īdiso hissa puññaviseso. Udakaṃ pana yasmā āmisaṃ na hoti, tasmā aññaṃ uddesabhattaṃ labbhati.
Sace pana te gahetvā āgatā 『『idaṃ kira bhante sabbaṃ bhājetvā bhuñjathā』』ti vatvā gacchanti, sabbehi bhājetvā bhuñjitvā udakaṃ pātabbaṃ. Saṅghato uddisitvā 『『aṭṭha mahāthere detha, majjhime detha, navake detha, paripuṇṇavassasāmaṇere detha, majjhimabhāṇakādayo detha, mayhaṃ ñātibhikkhū dethā』』ti vadantassa pana 『『upāsaka, tvaṃ evaṃ vadasi, ṭhitikāya pana tesaṃ na pāpuṇātī』』ti vatvā ṭhitikāvaseneva dātabbā. Daharasāmaṇerehi pana uddesabhattesu laddhesu sace dāyakānaṃ ghare maṅgalaṃ hoti, 『『tumhākaṃ ācariyupajjhāye pesethā』』ti vattabbaṃ.
如果有人在村門、街道、十字路口等某個地方獲得指定食物,在沒有其他比丘的情況下自己接受,第二天又在同一地方獲得另一份,他應該給他看到的任何新來的或年長的比丘。如果沒有人,就應該自己接受並食用。 如果在座位大廳坐著等待時間的比丘中,有人來說"給僧團指定的缽"、"給指定的缽"、"從僧團中指定給缽"或"給僧團的缽",應按順序給予指定的缽。如果說"給僧團指定的比丘"、"從僧團中指定給比丘"或"給僧團的比丘",也是同樣的道理。 在這裡,分發者應該是有德行、有羞恥心、聰明的人。他應該問三次順序,如果沒有人知道順序,就應從長老座位開始給予。如果有人說"我知道,十年前得到過",應該問"有十年戒臘的比丘嗎?"。如果聽到后很多人說"我們是十年戒臘",不應說"你得到,你得到",而應說"大家安靜",然後按順序排列。排好后問施主"你要多少?"。當說"這麼多比丘,尊者"時,不應說"你得到,你得到",而應問最年輕的比丘的戒臘、季節、日期和影子。如果在問影子時有更年長的來,應給他。如果問完影子說"你得到"後有更年長的來,就不能得到。因為即使坐著或睡著,通過交談得到的就是得到了,超過的就是超過了。可分配的物品只屬於在場的人,在場的狀態應由界限來界定。座位大廳的內圍是界限,站在那裡的人可以得到。 有人從座位大廳帶來八個指定的缽,七個裝滿精美食物,一個裝水,送到座位大廳。拿來的人什麼也不說就放在比丘手中離開。誰得到什麼,那就是他的。得到水的人,即使超過了順序,也應保留順序給他另一個指定食物。無論得到的是粗劣的還是精美的,或者是三衣的附屬物,那都是他的。這是他的福德殊勝。但是水因為不是食物,所以可以得到另一個指定食物。 如果拿來的人說"尊者們,請分享所有這些一起食用"然後離開,大家應該分享食用,然後喝水。如果有人從僧團中指定說"給八位大長老,給中等的,給新來的,給滿戒臘的沙彌,給中部誦者等,給我的親戚比丘",應該說"居士,你這樣說,但按順序他們得不到",然後按順序給予。如果年輕的沙彌得到指定食物,而施主家有喜事,應該說"請送給你們的老師和戒師"。
Yasmiṃ pana uddesabhatte paṭhamabhāgo sāmaṇerānaṃ pāpuṇāti, anubhāgo mahātherānaṃ, na tattha sāmaṇerā 『『mayaṃ paṭhamabhāgaṃ labhimhā』』ti purato gantuṃ labhanti, yathāpaṭipāṭiyā eva gantabbaṃ. 『『Saṅghato uddisitvā 『tumhe ethā』ti vutte 『mayhaṃ aññadāpi jānissasi, ṭhitikā pana evaṃ gacchatī』』』ti ṭhitikāvaseneva gāhetabbaṃ. Atha 『『saṅghuddesapattaṃ dethā』』ti vatvā agāhiteyeva patte yassa kassaci pattaṃ gahetvā pūretvā āharati, āhaṭampi ṭhitikāya eva gāhetabbaṃ.
Eko 『『saṅghuddesapattaṃ āharā』』ti pesito 『『bhante, ekaṃ pattaṃ detha, nimantanabhattaṃ āharissāmī』』ti vadati, so ce uddesabhattagharato ayaṃ āgatoti ñatvā bhikkhūhi 『『nanu tvaṃ asukagharato āgato』』ti vutto 『『āma, bhante, na nimantanabhattaṃ, uddesabhatta』』nti bhaṇati, ṭhitikāya gahetabbaṃ. Yo pana 『『ekaṃ pattaṃ āharā』』ti vutto 『『『ki』nti vatvā āharāmī』』ti vatvā 『『yathā te ruccatī』』ti vutto āgacchati, ayaṃ vissaṭṭhadūto nāma. Uddesapattaṃ vā paṭipāṭipattaṃ vā puggalikapattaṃ vā yaṃ icchati, taṃ tassa dātabbaṃ. Eko bālo abyatto 『『uddesapattaṃ āharā』』ti pesito vattuṃ na jānāti, tuṇhībhūto tiṭṭhati, so 『『kassa santikaṃ āgatosī』』ti vā 『『kassa pattaṃ harissasī』』ti vā na vattabbo. Evañhi vutto pucchāsabhāgena 『『tumhākaṃ santikaṃ āgatomhī』』ti 『『tumhākaṃ pattaṃ harissāmī』』ti vā vadeyya, tato taṃ bhikkhuṃ aññe bhikkhū jigucchantā na olokeyyuṃ. 『『Kuhiṃ gacchasi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī』』ti pana vattabbo. Tassa 『『uddesapattatthāya āgatomhī』』ti vadantassa gāhetvā patto dātabbo.
Ekā kūṭaṭṭhitikā nāma hoti. Rañño vā hi rājamahāmattassa vā gehe atipaṇītāni aṭṭha uddesabhattāni niccaṃ diyyanti, tāni ekacārikabhattāni katvā bhikkhū visuṃ ṭhitikāya paribhuñjanti. Ekacce bhikkhū 『『sve dāni amhākaṃ pāpuṇissantī』』ti attano ṭhitikaṃ sallakkhetvā gatā, tesu anāgatesuyeva aññe āgantukā bhikkhū āgantvā āsanasālāya nisīdanti; taṅkhaṇaññeva rājapurisā āgantvā 『『paṇītabhattapatte dethā』』ti vadanti. Āgantukā ṭhitikaṃ ajānantā gāhenti. Taṅkhaṇaññeva ca ṭhitikaṃ jānanakabhikkhū āgantvā 『『kiṃ gāhethā』』ti vadanti. 『『Rājagehe paṇītabhatta』』nti. 『『Kativassato paṭṭhāyā』』ti? 『『Ettakavassato nāmā』』ti. 『『Mā gāhethā』』ti nivāretvā ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Gāhite āgatehipi pattadānakāle āgatehipi dinnakāle āgatehipi rājagehato patte pūretvā āhaṭakāle āgatehipi rājā 『『ajja bhikkhūyeva āgacchantū』』ti pesetvā bhikkhūnaṃyeva hatthe piṇḍapātaṃ deti; evaṃ dinnapiṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā āgatakāle āgatehipi ṭhitikaṃ jānanakabhikkhūhi 『『mā bhuñjitthā』』ti vāretvā ṭhitikāyameva gāhetabbaṃ.
Atha ne rājā bhojetvā pattepi nesaṃ pūretvā deti, yaṃ āhaṭaṃ taṃ ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana 『『mā tucchahatthā gacchantū』』ti thokameva pattesu pakkhittaṃ hoti, taṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Atha bhuñjitvā tucchapattāva āgacchanti, yaṃ tehi bhuttaṃ, taṃ nesaṃ gīvā hotīti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – 『『gīvākiccaṃ ettha natthi, ṭhitikaṃ pana ajānantehi yāva jānanakā āgacchanti, tāva nisīditabbaṃ siyā; evaṃ santepi bhuttaṃ subhuttaṃ, idāni pattaṭṭhānena gāhetabba』』nti.
在指定食物的第一部分中,若是沙彌們得到,第二部分則是大長老的,沙彌們不能說"我們得到了第一部分",應當按照規定去接受。"從僧團中指定說『你們來這裡』時,『你們會知道我有其他的』,應當按照順序接受。"如果說"給僧團指定的缽",在沒有接受的情況下,若有人拿著缽子,應該從他那裡接受。 有一個人被派去說"給僧團指定的缽",他回答說"尊者,請給我一個缽,我要去接受邀請的食物",如果他知道這是從指定食物的家裡來的,他會被比丘問到"你是從某個家來的吧",他會回答"是的,尊者,這不是邀請的食物,而是指定的食物",應當按順序接受。如果有人說"給我一個缽",在問"你想要什麼"后,他會說"隨你所愿",這樣的人被稱為特使。無論是指定的缽、按規定的缽,還是個人的缽,他想要的都應給予。若有人愚笨而無知,被派去說"給指定的缽",卻不知如何迴應,保持沉默,他不應問"你是為誰來的"或"你要拿哪個缽"。因為這樣說就會讓人問"你是為誰來的"或"你要拿哪個缽",其他比丘會對此感到厭煩。因此應問"你要去哪兒,正在做什麼"。如果他說"我是為指定的缽而來的",就應接受他的缽。 有一種叫做"單獨的分配"。在國王或大臣的家中,常常提供八種非常美味的指定食物,這些食物是單獨分配的,供比丘們共同享用。有些比丘會說"今天會有我們的食物",他們會自我確認后離開,其他比丘在未到時會有比丘前來座位大廳坐下;此時國王的使者會前來,要求"請給我美味的食物"。前來的人不知道順序就會接受。此時知道順序的比丘會問"你們在拿什麼"。他們會回答"國王家裡有美味的食物"。問"從多少年開始的?",回答"從這麼多年開始"。若被勸阻"不要去拿",則應按順序接受。若在被接受時,國王會在接受食物時說"今天請比丘們來",並將食物放在比丘們手中;即使在接受食物時,國王也會說"今天比丘們來"。 然後國王會請他們用食物填滿缽,所接受的應按順序給予。如果說"不要空手離開",在缽中稍微放入一點食物,則不應接受。若吃完后空缽回來的,若他們吃過的食物在他們的喉嚨中,偉大的長老會說。偉大的長老會說"在這裡沒有食物的責任,但在不知道順序的情況下,直到知道的比丘們應坐下;即使如此,吃過的食物現在應按缽的順序接受"。
Eko ticīvaraparivāro satagghanako piṇḍapāto avassikassa bhikkhuno patto, vihāre ca 『『evarūpo piṇḍapāto avassikassa patto』』ti likhitvā ṭhapesuṃ. Atha saṭṭhivassaccayena añño tathārūpo piṇḍapāto uppanno, ayaṃ kiṃ avassikaṭṭhitikāya gāhetabbo, udāhu saṭṭhivassikaṭṭhitikāyāti. Saṭṭhivassikaṭṭhitikāyāti vuttaṃ, ayañhi bhikkhu ṭhitikaṃ gahetvāyeva vaḍḍhitoti.
Eko uddesabhattaṃ bhuñjitvā sāmaṇero jāto, puna taṃ bhattaṃ sāmaṇeraṭṭhitikāya pattaṃ gaṇhituṃ labhati. Ayaṃ kira antarābhaṭṭhako nāma. Yo pana paripuṇṇavasso sāmaṇero 『『sve uddesabhattaṃ labhissatī』』ti ajjeva upasampajjati, atikkantā tassa ṭhitikā. Ekassa bhikkhuno uddesabhattaṃ pattaṃ, patto cassa na tuccho hoti, so aññassa samīpe nisinnassa pattaṃ dāpeti, tañce theyyāya haranti, gīvā hoti . Sace pana so bhikkhu 『『mayhaṃ pattaṃ dammī』』ti sayameva deti, assa gīvā na hoti. Athāpi tena bhattena anatthiko hutvā 『『alaṃ mayhaṃ, tavetaṃ bhattaṃ dammi, pattaṃ pesetvā āharāpehī』』ti aññaṃ vadati, yaṃ tato āharīyati sabbaṃ pattasāmikassa hoti. Pattañce theyyāya haranti, suhaṭo; bhattassa dinnattā gīvā na hoti.
Vihāre dasa bhikkhū honti, tesu nava piṇḍapātikā, eko sādiyanako. 『『Dasa uddesapatte dethā』』ti vutte piṇḍapātikā gahetuṃ na icchanti. Itaro bhikkhu 『『sabbāni mayhaṃ pāpuṇantī』』ti gaṇhāti, ṭhitikā na hoti. Ekekaṃ ce pāpetvā gaṇhāti, ṭhitikā tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ gāhetvā dasahipi pattehi āharāpetvā 『『bhante, mayhaṃ saṅgahaṃ karothā』』ti nava patte piṇḍapātikānaṃ deti, bhikkhudattiyaṃ nāmetaṃ, gaṇhituṃ vaṭṭati.
Sace so upāsako 『『bhante, gharaṃ āgantabba』』nti vadati, so ca bhikkhu te bhikkhū 『『etha, bhante, mayhaṃ sahāyā hothā』』ti tassa gharaṃ gacchati. Yaṃ tattha labhati, sabbaṃ tasseva hoti. Itare tena dinnaṃ labhanti. Atha nesaṃ ghareyeva nisīdāpetvā dakkhiṇodakaṃ datvā yāgukhajjakādīni denti, 『『bhante, yaṃ manussā denti, taṃ gaṇhathā』』ti tassa bhikkhuno vacaneneva itaresaṃ vaṭṭati. Bhuttāvīnaṃ patte pūretvā gaṇhitvā gamanatthāya denti, sabbaṃ tasseva bhikkhuno hoti, tena dinnaṃ itaresaṃ vaṭṭati.
Yadi pana te vihāreyeva tena bhikkhunā 『『bhante, mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatha, manussānañca vacanaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti vuttā gacchanti, yaṃ tattha bhuñjanti ceva nīharanti ca, sabbaṃ taṃ tasseva santakaṃ. Athāpi 『『mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti avuttā 『『manussānaṃ vacanaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti gacchanti, tatra ce ekassa madhurena sarena anumodanaṃ karontassa sutvā therānañca upasame pasīditvā bahuṃ samaṇaparikkhāraṃ denti, ayaṃ theresu pasādena uppanno 『『akatabhāgo』』 nāma, tasmā sabbesaṃ pāpuṇāti.
Eko saṅghato uddisāpetvā ṭhitikāya gāhitaṃ pattaṃ haritvā paṇītassa khādanīyabhojanīyassa pūretvā āharitvā 『『imaṃ, bhante, sabbo saṅgho paribhuñjatū』』ti deti, sabbehi bhājetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Pattasāmikassa pana atikkantampi ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ uddesabhattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Atha 『『paṭhamaṃyeva sabbaṃ saṅghikaṃ pattaṃ dethā』』ti vadati, ekassa lajjibhikkhuno santako patto dātabbo. Āharitvā ca 『『sabbo saṅgho paribhuñjatū』』ti vutte bhājetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ.
一個價值一百的三衣附屬物的食物被給予了一個沒有雨安居的比丘,在寺院裡他們寫下"這樣的食物被給予了一個沒有雨安居的比丘"並儲存下來。然後六十年後又出現了類似的食物,這應該按照沒有雨安居的順序給予,還是按照六十年的順序給予?據說應該按照六十年的順序給予,因為這個比丘是按照順序增長的。 一個人吃了指定食物后成為沙彌,他可以再次按照沙彌的順序接受那個食物。據說這叫做"中間失去者"。但如果一個滿歲的沙彌想"明天會得到指定食物"而今天就受具足戒,他的順序就過去了。一個比丘得到了指定食物,但他的缽不是空的,他讓別人給坐在旁邊的人,如果那個人偷走了,就成為他的責任。但如果那個比丘自己說"我給你我的缽",就不是他的責任。如果他不想要那個食物,說"夠了,我把這個食物給你,請派人把缽拿來",從那裡拿來的一切都屬於缽的主人。如果缽被偷走了,就是被很好地拿走了;因為食物已經給出去了,所以不是他的責任。 在寺院裡有十個比丘,其中九個是乞食者,一個是接受者。當說"給十個指定的缽"時,乞食者不想接受。另一個比丘說"全都歸我"並接受,這不算順序。如果他一個一個地接受,順序就保持不變。這樣接受后,用十個缽子拿來食物,說"尊者們,請幫助我",把九個缽子給乞食者,這叫做比丘給予,可以接受。 如果那個居士說"尊者,請來家裡",那個比丘就對那些比丘說"來吧,尊者們,做我的夥伴"並去他家。在那裡得到的一切都是他的。其他人得到他給的。如果讓他們坐在家裡,給水后給粥和硬食等,按照那個比丘的話"尊者們,人們給什麼就接受什麼",對其他人是可以的。吃完后,裝滿缽子給他們帶走,全都是那個比丘的,他給其他人的是可以的。 但如果他們在寺院裡被那個比丘說"尊者們,請接受我的食物,可以聽人們的話"后離開,在那裡吃的和帶走的一切都是他的。即使沒有說"請接受我的食物",只說"可以聽人們的話"而離開,如果在那裡聽到一個人用甜美的聲音說感謝,對長老們的平靜感到歡喜而給予很多修行用品,這是因為對長老們的歡喜而產生的"未分配的",因此屬於所有人。 一個人從僧團中指定后按順序接受的缽,拿去裝滿精美的食物帶來說"尊者們,請整個僧團享用這個",所有人都應分享享用。但對於缽的主人,即使超過了順序,也應保留順序給他另一個指定食物。如果一開始就說"請給全部僧團的缽",應給一個有羞恥心的比丘的缽。帶來后說"請整個僧團享用"時,應分享享用。
Eko pātiyā bhattaṃ āharitvā 『『saṅghuddesaṃ dammī』』ti vadati, ekekaṃ ālopaṃ adatvā ṭhitikāya ekassa yāpanamattaṃ katvā dātabbaṃ. Atha so bhattaṃ āharitvā kiñci vattuṃ ajānanto tuṇhībhūto acchati, 『『kassa te ānītaṃ, kassa dātukāmosī』』ti na vattabbaṃ. Pucchāsabhāgena hi 『『tumhākaṃ ānītaṃ, tumhākaṃ dātukāmomhī』』ti vadeyya, tato taṃ bhikkhuṃ aññe bhikkhū jigucchantā gīvaṃ parivattetvā oloketabbampi na maññeyyuṃ. Sace pana 『『kuhiṃ yāsi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī』』ti vutte 『『uddesabhattaṃ gahetvā āgatomhī』』ti vadati, ekena lajjibhikkhunā ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace ābhataṃ bahu hoti, sabbesaṃ pahoti, ṭhitikākiccaṃ natthi, therāsanato paṭṭhāya pattaṃ pūretvā dātabbaṃ.
『『Saṅghuddesapattaṃ dethā』』ti vutte 『『kiṃ āharissasī』』ti avatvā pakatiṭṭhitikāya eva gāhetabbaṃ. Yo pana pāyāso vā rasapiṇḍapāto vā niccaṃ labbhati; evarūpānaṃ paṇītabhojanānaṃ āveṇikā ṭhitikā kātabbā, tathā saparivārāya yāguyā mahagghānaṃ phalānaṃ paṇītānañca khajjakānaṃ. Pakatibhattayāguphalakhajjakānaṃ pana ekāva ṭhitikā kātabbā. 『『Sappiṃ āharissāmī』』ti vutte sabbasappīnaṃ ekāva ṭhitikā vaṭṭati, tathā sabbatelānaṃ. 『『Madhuṃ āharissāmī』』ti vutte pana madhuno ekāva ṭhitikā vaṭṭati, tathā phāṇitassa laṭṭhimadhukādīnañca bhesajjānaṃ. Sace pana gandhamālaṃ saṅghuddesaṃ denti, piṇḍapātikassa vaṭṭati, na vaṭṭatīti. Āmisasseva paṭikkhittattā vaṭṭati, saṅghaṃ uddissa dinnattā pana na gahetabbanti vadanti.
Uddesabhattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Nimantanabhattakathā
Nimantanaṃ puggalikañce, sayameva issaro. Saṅghikaṃ pana uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva gāhetabbaṃ. Sace panettha dūto byatto hoti, 『『bhante , rājagehe bhikkhusaṅghassa bhattaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti avatvā 『『bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vadati, piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Atha dūto abyatto 『『bhattaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vadati, bhattuddesako byatto 『『bhatta』』nti avatvā 『『bhante, tumhe yāthā』』ti vadati; evampi piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Tumhākaṃ paṭipāṭiyā 『『bhattaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti vutte pana na vaṭṭati. Sace nimantetuṃ āgatamanusso āsanasālaṃ pavisitvā 『『aṭṭha bhikkhū dethā』』ti vā 『『aṭṭha patte dethā』』ti vā vadati; evampi piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati, 『『tumhe ca tumhe ca gacchathā』』ti vattabbaṃ. Sace pana 『『aṭṭha bhikkhū detha; bhattaṃ gaṇhatha, aṭṭha patte detha; bhattaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vadati, paṭipāṭiyā gāhetabbaṃ. Gāhentena pana vicchinditvā 『『bhatta』』nti avadantena 『『tumhe ca tumhe ca gacchathā』』ti vutte piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. 『『Bhante, tumhākaṃ pattaṃ detha, tumhe ethā』』ti vutte pana 『『sādhu, upāsakā』』ti gantabbaṃ. Saṅghato uddisitvā 『『tumhe ethā』』ti vuttepi yathāṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ.
Nimantanabhattagharato pana pattatthāya āgatassa uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva ṭhitikāya patto dātabbo. Eko 『『saṅghato paṭipāṭiyā patta』』nti avatvā kevalaṃ 『『ekaṃ pattaṃ dethā』』ti vatvā agāhiteyeva patte yassa kassaci pattaṃ gahetvā pūretvā āharati, taṃ pattasāmikasseva hoti, uddesabhatte viya ṭhitikāya na gāhetabbaṃ. Idhāpi yo āgantvā tuṇhībhūto tiṭṭhati, so 『『kassa santikaṃ āgatosī』』ti vā 『『kassa pattaṃ harissasī』』ti vā na vattabbo.
一個人用缽帶來食物說"我給僧團指定的",不應一口一口地給,而應按順序給一個人足夠的量。如果他帶來食物后不知道說什麼而保持沉默,不應問"你給誰帶來的,你想給誰"。因為這樣問他可能會說"我給你們帶來的,我想給你們",其他比丘會厭惡地轉過頭去,甚至不願看他一眼。但如果問"你要去哪裡,你在做什麼"時他說"我帶來了指定食物",應由一個有羞恥心的比丘按順序接受。如果帶來的很多,足夠所有人,就不需要按順序,應從長老座位開始裝滿缽給予。 當說"給僧團指定的缽"時,不應問"你要帶什麼來",而應按常規順序給予。如果經常得到乳粥或美味食物,對這些精美食物應該有特別的順序,同樣對於有附屬物的粥、昂貴的水果和精美的硬食也是如此。但對於普通的食物、粥、水果和硬食應該只有一個順序。當說"我要帶來酥油"時,所有酥油可以只有一個順序,油也是如此。但當說"我要帶來蜂蜜"時,蜜只應有一個順序,甘蔗糖和甘草等藥物也是如此。如果給予僧團指定的香和花,對於乞食者是否合適?因為只禁止食物所以是合適的,但因為是給予僧團指定的所以不應接受,他們這樣說。 關於指定食物的論述結束。 關於邀請食物的論述 如果邀請是個人的,自己就是主人。但如果是僧團的,應按指定食物中所說的方式接受。如果這裡的使者是聰明的,他不會說"尊者們,請在王宮接受比丘僧團的食物",而會說"請接受食物",這對乞食者也是合適的。如果使者愚笨說"請接受食物",而分發食物的人聰明,不說"食物"而說"尊者們,請你們去",這樣對乞食者也是合適的。但如果說"按你們的順序食物會到你們那裡",則不合適。如果來邀請的人進入座位大廳說"給八位比丘"或"給八個缽",這樣對乞食者也是合適的,應該說"你和你去"。但如果說"給八位比丘;接受食物,給八個缽;接受食物",應按順序接受。但接受時如果中斷不說"食物"而說"你和你去",對乞食者是合適的。如果說"尊者,給你們的缽,你們來",應說"好的,居士"並去。即使從僧團中指定說"你們來",也應按順序接受。 從邀請食物的家來要缽的,應按指定食物中所說的方式按順序給缽。如果有人不說"從僧團按順序給缽",而只說"給一個缽",在還沒給缽時就拿了某個人的缽裝滿帶來,那就屬於缽的主人,不像指定食物那樣按順序給。這裡也是,如果有人來了保持沉默,不應問"你是來找誰的"或"你要拿誰的缽"。
Pucchāsabhāgena hi 『『tumhākaṃ santikaṃ āgato, tumhākaṃ pattaṃ harissāmī』』ti vadeyya, tato so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi jigucchanīyo assa. 『『Kuhiṃ gacchasi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī』』ti pana vutte 『『tassa pattatthāya āgatomhī』』ti vadantassa paṭipāṭiyā bhattaṭṭhitikāya gāhetvā patto dātabbo. 『『Bhattāharaṇakapattaṃ dethā』』ti vuttepi paṭipāṭiyā bhattaṭṭhitikāya eva dātabbo. Sace āharitvā 『『sabbo saṅgho bhuñjatū』』ti vadati, bhājetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. Pattasāmikassa atikkantampi ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ paṭipāṭibhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ.
Eko pātiyā bhattaṃ āharitvā 『『saṅghassa dammī』』ti vadati, ālopabhattaṭṭhitikato paṭṭhāya ālopasaṅkhepena bhājetabbaṃ. Sace pana tuṇhībhūto acchati, 『『kassa te ābhataṃ, kassa dātukāmosī』』ti na vattabbo. Sace pana 『『kuhiṃ gacchasi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī』』ti vutte 『『saṅghassa me bhattaṃ ābhataṃ, therānaṃ me bhattaṃ ābhata』』nti vadati, gahetvā ālopabhattaṭṭhitikāya bhājetabbaṃ. Sace pana evaṃ ābhataṃ bahuṃ hoti, sakalassa saṅghassa bahu hoti, abhihaṭabhikkhā nāma piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati, ṭhitikāpucchanakiccaṃ natthi, therāsanato paṭṭhāya pattaṃ pūretvā dātabbaṃ.
Upāsako saṅghattherassa vā ganthadhutaṅgavasena abhiññātassa vā bhattuddesakassa vā pahiṇāti 『『amhākaṃ bhattagahaṇatthāya aṭṭha bhikkhū gahetvā āgacchathā』』ti, sacepi ñātiupaṭṭhākehi pesitaṃ hoti, ime tayo janā pucchituṃ na labhanti, āruḷhāyeva mātikaṃ, saṅghato aṭṭha bhikkhū uddisāpetvā attanavamehi gantabbaṃ. Kasmā? Bhikkhusaṅghassa hi ete bhikkhū nissāya lābho uppajjatīti. Ganthadhutaṅgādīhi pana anabhiññāto āvāsikabhikkhu pucchituṃ labhati, tasmā tena 『『kiṃ saṅghato gaṇhāmi, udāhu ye jānāmi, tehi saddhiṃ āgacchāmī』』ti mātikaṃ āropetvā yathā dāyakā vadanti, tathā paṭipajjitabbaṃ. 『『Tumhākaṃ nissitake vā ye vā jānātha, te gahetvā ethā』』ti vutte pana ye icchanti, tehi saddhiṃ gantuṃ labhati. Sace 『『aṭṭha bhikkhū pahiṇathā』』ti pesenti, saṅghatova pesetabbā. Attanā sace aññasmiṃ gāme sakkā hoti bhikkhā labhituṃ, añño gāmo gantabbo. Na sakkā ce hoti labhituṃ, soyeva gāmo piṇḍāya pavisitabbo.
Nimantitabhikkhū āsanasālāya nisinnā honti, tatra ce manussā 『『patte dethā』』ti āgacchanti, animantitehi na dātabbā. 『『Ete nimantitabhikkhū』』ti vattabbaṃ. 『『Tumhepi dethā』』ti vutte pana dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Ussavādīsu manussā sayameva pariveṇāni ca padhānagharāni ca gantvā tipiṭake ca dhammakathike ca bhikkhusatenapi saddhiṃ nimantenti. Tadā yepi jānanti, te gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Kasmā? Na hi mahābhikkhusaṅghena atthikā manussā pariveṇāni ca padhānagharāni gacchanti, sannipātaṭṭhānatova yathāsatti yathābalaṃ bhikkhū gaṇhitvā gacchantīti.
因為這樣問他可能會說"我來找你,我要拿你的缽",那樣這個比丘會被其他比丘厭惡。但如果問"你要去哪裡,你在做什麼"時他說"我來拿那個人的缽",應按食物的順序給他缽。如果說"給拿食物的缽",也應按食物的順序給予。如果帶來后說"請整個僧團享用",應分享享用。對於缽的主人,即使超過了順序,也應保留順序給他另一個按順序的食物。 一個人用缽帶來食物說"我給僧團",應從一口食物的順序開始按一口的數量分配。如果他保持沉默,不應問"你給誰帶來的,你想給誰"。但如果問"你要去哪裡,你在做什麼"時他說"我給僧團帶來食物,我給長老們帶來食物",應接受並按一口食物的順序分配。如果這樣帶來的很多,足夠整個僧團,這種帶來的食物對乞食者也是合適的,不需要問順序,應從長老座位開始裝滿缽給予。 如果居士派人給僧團長老或以學習和頭陀行而聞名的人或分發食物的人說"請帶八位比丘來接受我們的食物",即使是親戚或護持者派來的,這三種人不能詢問,應直接從僧團中指定八位比丘,自己作為第九個人去。為什麼?因為依靠這些比丘,僧團才能得到利益。但不以學習和頭陀行等而聞名的住寺比丘可以詢問,所以他應該問"我是從僧團中選擇,還是和我認識的人一起去",然後按施主所說的去做。如果說"請帶你的弟子或你認識的人來",他可以和他想要的人一起去。如果他們派人說"請派八位比丘來",應從僧團中派出。如果自己能在其他村莊得到食物,應去其他村莊。如果不能得到,就應該在那個村莊乞食。 受邀請的比丘坐在座位大廳里,如果有人來說"給缽",未受邀請的不應給。應該說"這些是受邀請的比丘"。但如果說"你們也給",則可以給。在節日等時,人們自己去小屋和禪修室,邀請通曉三藏和說法的比丘,甚至邀請上百位比丘。這時即使認識的人,帶他們去也是合適的。為什麼?因為想要大比丘僧團的人不會去小屋和禪修室,他們只會從集會處盡其所能帶走比丘。
Sace pana saṅghatthero vā ganthadhutaṅgavasena abhiññātako vā bhattuddesako vā aññatra vā vassaṃ vasitvā katthaci vā gantvā puna sakaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchanti, manussā ca āgantukassa sakkāraṃ karonti, ekavāraṃ ye jānanti, te gahetvā gantabbaṃ. Paṭibaddhakālato pana paṭṭhāya dutiyavāre āraddhe saṅghatoyeva gahetvā gantabbaṃ. Abhinavaāgantukāva hutvā ñātī vā upaṭṭhāke vā passissāmāti gacchanti, tatra tesaṃ ñātī ca upaṭṭhākā ca sakkāraṃ karonti. Ettha pana ye jānanti, te gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati.
Yo pana atilābhī hoti, sakaṭṭhānañca āgantukaṭṭhānañca ekasadisaṃ, sabbattha manussā saṅghabhattaṃ sajjetvāva nisīdanti, tena saṅghatova gahetvā gantabbanti ayaṃ nimantane viseso. Avaseso sabbapañho uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Kurundiyaṃ pana 『『aṭṭha mahāthere dethā』』ti vutte 『『aṭṭha mahātherāva dātabbā』』ti vuttaṃ. Esa nayo majjhimādīsu. Sace pana avisesetvā 『『aṭṭha bhikkhū dethā』』ti vadati, saṅghato dātabbā.
Nimantanabhattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Salākabhattakathā
Salākabhatte pana 『『anujānāmi, bhikkhave, salākāya vā paṭṭikāya vā upanibandhitvā opuñjitvā uddisitu』』nti vacanato rukkhasāramayāya salākāya vā veḷuvilīvatālapaṇṇādimayāya paṭṭikāya vā 『『asukassa nāma salākabhatta』』nti evaṃ akkharāni upanibandhitvā pacchiyaṃ vā cīvarabhoge vā katvā sabbā salākāyo opuñjitvā punappunaṃ heṭṭhuparivaseneva āloḷetvā pañcaṅgasamannāgatena bhattuddesakena sace ṭhitikā atthi, ṭhitikato paṭṭhāya; no ce atthi, therāsanato paṭṭhāya salākā dātabbā. Pacchā āgatānampi ekābaddhavasena dūre ṭhitānampi uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva dātabbā.
Sace vihārassa samantato bahū gocaragāmā, bhikkhū pana na bahukā, gāmavasenapi salākāyo pāpuṇanti, 『『tumhākaṃ asukagāme salākabhattaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti gāmavaseneva gāhetabbā. Evaṃ gāhentena sacepi ekekasmiṃ gāme nānappakārāni saṭṭhisalākabhattāni, sabbāni gāhitāneva honti, tassa pattagāmasamīpe aññānipi dve tīṇi salākabhattāni honti, tānipi tasseva dātabbāni. Na hi sakkā tesaṃ kāraṇā aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ pahiṇitunti.
Sace ekaccesu gāmesu bahūni salākabhattāni sallakkhetvā sattannampi aṭṭhannampi bhikkhūnaṃ dātabbāni. Dadantena pana catunnaṃ pañcannaṃ bhattānaṃ salākāyo ekato bandhitvā dātabbā. Sace taṃ gāmaṃ atikkamitvā añño gāmo hoti, tasmiñca ekameva salākabhattaṃ, taṃ pana pātova denti, tampi etesu bhikkhūsu ekassa niggahena datvā 『『pātova taṃ gahetvā pacchā orimagāme itarāni bhattāni gaṇhāhī』』ti vattabbo. Sace orimagāme salākabhattesu agāhitesveva gāhitasaññāya gacchati, parabhāgagāme salākabhattaṃ gāhetvā puna vihāraṃ āgantvā itarāni gāhetvā orimagāmo gantabbo. 『『Na hi bahisīmāya saṅghalābho gāhetuṃ labbhatī』』ti ayaṃ nayo kurundiyaṃ vutto.
Sace pana bhikkhū bahū honti, gāmavasena salākā na pāpuṇanti, vīthivasena vā vīthiyaṃ ekagehavasena vā kulavasena vā gāhetabbā. Vīthiādīsu ca yattha bahūni bhattāni, tattha gāme vuttanayeneva bahūnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ gāhetabbāni. Salākāsu asati uddisitvāpi gāhetabbāni.
如果僧團長老或以學習和頭陀行而聞名的人或分發食物的人在其他地方度過雨安居,或去了某處后又回到原來的地方,人們對來客表示尊敬,第一次可以帶他們認識的人去。但從有聯繫的時候開始,第二次就應該從僧團中選擇去。如果他們作為新來的客人去看親戚或護持者,那裡他們的親戚和護持者表示尊敬。在這種情況下,可以帶他們認識的人去。 如果有人得到很多利養,自己的地方和客人的地方一樣,到處人們都準備好僧團的食物坐著,他應該從僧團中選擇去。這是邀請的特殊情況。其餘的所有問題都應按指定食物中所說的方式理解。但在《古倫迪》中說,如果說"給八位大長老",就"應該給八位大長老"。對中等的等也是這樣。但如果不特別指明說"給八位比丘",應從僧團中給予。 關於邀請食物的論述結束。 關於抽籤食物的論述 關於抽籤食物,因為有"比丘們,我允許用簽或條寫上名字后混合起來分發"這句話,所以應該用木心做的簽或竹、藤、棕櫚葉等做的條寫上"某某人的抽籤食物"這樣的字,放在籃子里或袈裟的摺疊處,把所有簽混合起來,反覆上下攪動,由具備五種品質的分發食物的人,如果有順序就從順序開始,如果沒有就從長老座位開始分發簽。對於後來的人或遠處的人,也應按指定食物中所說的方式給予。 如果寺院周圍有很多乞食村,但比丘不多,簽也會按村莊分配,應該說"你們在某村得到抽籤食物"並按村莊分配。這樣分配時,即使每個村莊有各種各樣的六十種抽籤食物,都算是分配了,在那個得到的村莊附近還有兩三種抽籤食物,也應該給他。因為不可能爲了這些而派另一個比丘去。 如果在某些村莊有很多抽籤食物,應該考慮給七八位比丘。給予時,應該把四五種食物的簽綁在一起給。如果越過那個村莊還有另一個村莊,那裡只有一種抽籤食物,而且一大早就給,也應該強制給這些比丘中的一個,並對他說"一大早拿那個,然後在這邊的村莊拿其他的食物"。如果在這邊村莊的抽籤食物還沒拿就以為拿了而離開,在另一邊的村莊拿了抽籤食物后,再回到寺院拿其他的,然後應該去這邊的村莊。"在界外不能拿僧團的利養"這個原則在《古倫迪》中說過。 如果比丘很多,簽不能按村莊分配,就應該按街道或街道上的一家或家族分配。在街道等處,如果有很多食物,就應該按村莊中所說的方式給很多比丘。如果沒有簽,也可以指定分配。
Salākadāyakena pana vattaṃ jānitabbaṃ. Tena hi kālasseva vuṭṭhāya pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā bhojanasālaṃ gantvā asammaṭṭhaṭṭhānaṃ sammajjitvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā 『『idāni bhikkhūhi vattaṃ kataṃ bhavissatī』』ti kālaṃ sallakkhetvā ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā bhikkhūsu sannipatitesu paṭhamameva vāragāme salākabhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. 『『Tuyhaṃ asukasmiṃ nāma vāragāme salākā pāpuṇāti tatra gacchā』』ti vattabbaṃ.
Sace atirekagāvute gāmo hoti, taṃ divasaṃ gacchantā kilamanti, 『『sve tuyhaṃ vāragāme pāpuṇātī』』ti ajjeva gāhetabbaṃ. Yo vāragāmaṃ pesiyamāno na gacchati, aññaṃ salākaṃ maggati, na dātabbā. Saddhānañhi manussānaṃ puññahāni saṅghassa ca lābhacchedo hoti, tasmā tassa dutiyepi tatiyepi divase aññā salākā na dātabbā, 『『attano pattaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā bhuñjāhī』』ti vattabbo, tīṇi pana divasāni agacchantassa vāragāmato orimavāragāme salākā gāhetabbā. Tañce na gaṇhāti, tato paṭṭhāya tassa aññaṃ salākaṃ dātuṃ na vaṭṭati, daṇḍakammaṃ pana gāḷhaṃ kātabbaṃ, saṭṭhito vā paṇṇāsato vā na parihāpetabbaṃ. Vāragāme gāhetvā vihāravāro gāhetabbo, 『『tuyhaṃ vihāravāro pāpuṇātī』』ti vattabbaṃ. Vihāravārikassa dve tisso yāgusalākāyo tisso catasso vā bhattasalākāyo ca dātabbā, nibaddhaṃ katvā pana na dātabbā. Yāgubhattadāyakā hi 『『amhākaṃ yāgubhattaṃ vihāragopakāva bhuñjantī』』ti aññathattaṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, tasmā aññesu kulesu dātabbā.
Sace vihāravārikānaṃ sabhāgā āharitvā denti, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce, vāraṃ gāhetvā tesaṃ yāgubhattaṃ āharāpetabbaṃ. Tāva nesaṃ salākā phātikammameva bhavanti, vassaggena pattaṭṭhāne pana aññampi paṇītabhattasalākaṃ gaṇhituṃ labhantiyeva. Atirekauttaribhaṅgassa ekacārikabhattassa visuṃ ṭhitikaṃ katvā salākā dātabbā.
Sace yena salākā laddhā, so taṃdivasaṃ taṃ bhattaṃ na labhati, punadivase gāhetabbaṃ. Bhattameva labhati, na uttaribhaṅgaṃ; evampi puna gāhetabbaṃ. Khīrabhattassa salākāyapi eseva nayo. Sace pana khīrameva labhati, na bhattaṃ; khīralābhato paṭṭhāya puna na gāhetabbaṃ. Dve tīṇi ekacārikabhattāni ekasseva pāpuṇanti, dubbhikkhasamaye saṅghanavakena laddhakāle vijaṭetvā visuṃ gāhetabbāni, pākatikasalākabhattaṃ aladdhassāpi punadivase gāhetabbaṃ.
Sace khuddako vihāro hoti, sabbe bhikkhū ekasambhogā, ucchusalākaṃ gāhentena yassa kassaci sammukhībhūtassa pāpetvā mahātherādīnaṃ divā tacchetvā dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Rasasalākaṃ pāpetvā pacchābhattaṃ parissāvetvā vā phāṇitaṃ vā kāretvā piṇḍapātikādīnampi dātabbaṃ . Āgantukānaṃ āgatānāgatabhāvaṃ ñatvā gāhetabbā, mahāāvāse ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbā.
分發簽的人應該知道職責。他應該一大早起來,拿著缽和衣去食堂,掃乾淨未掃的地方,準備好飲用水和洗滌用水,估計"現在比丘們已經完成了職責",到時間敲鐘,比丘們聚集后,首先應該分發輪值村莊的抽籤食物。應該說"你在某某輪值村莊得到簽,去那裡"。 如果村莊超過一由旬半,那天去會疲勞,應該今天就說"明天你在輪值村莊得到"並分發。如果被派去輪值村莊而不去,而尋求另一個簽,不應給予。因為這會使有信仰的人失去功德,僧團也會失去利養,所以第二天第三天也不應給他另一個簽,應該對他說"去你自己的地方吃"。但如果三天不去,應該在輪值村莊之前的輪值村莊給他簽。如果他不接受,從那以後就不應該再給他其他簽,但應該嚴厲懲罰,不應減少六十或五十次。在輪值村莊分發后,應該分發寺院值班,應該說"你得到寺院值班"。應該給寺院值班的人兩三個粥簽和三四個飯簽,但不應固定給予。因為粥飯施主會認為"只有寺院守衛在吃我們的粥飯",所以應該在其他家庭給予。 如果寺院值班的人有相熟的人帶來,那很好;如果沒有,應該輪流為他們帶來粥飯。這只是他們簽的增益,但按戒臘在得到的地方也可以拿另一個美味食物的簽。應該為多餘的附加食物和單獨巡迴的食物分別設立順序給簽。 如果得到簽的人那天沒得到那個食物,第二天應該再給。如果只得到飯,沒有附加食物,也應該再給。對於牛奶飯的簽也是這樣。但如果只得到牛奶,沒有飯,從得到牛奶開始就不應再給。如果兩三個單獨巡迴的食物都落到一個人身上,在饑荒時期,如果僧團中最年輕的人得到,應該解開分別給予,即使沒得到普通的抽籤食物,第二天也應該給予。 如果是小寺院,所有比丘共同享用,分發甘蔗簽時,可以給任何在場的人,然後白天切給大長老等。得到調味品簽后,可以在飯後過濾或製成糖漿給乞食者等。應該知道客人來沒來後分發,在大寺院應該按順序分發。
Takkasalākampi sabhāgaṭṭhāne pāpetvā vā pacāpetvā vā dhūmāpetvā vā therānaṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Mahāāvāse vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitabbaṃ phalasalākapūvasalākabhesajjagandhamālasalākāyopi visuṃ ṭhitikāya gāhetabbā. Bhesajjādisalākāyo cettha kiñcāpi piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭanti, salākavasena gāhitattā pana na sāditabbā. Aggabhikkhāmattaṃ salākabhattaṃ denti, ṭhitikaṃ pucchitvā gāhetabbaṃ. Asatiyā ṭhitikāya therāsanato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace tādisāni bhattāni bahūni honti, ekekassa bhikkhuno dve tīṇi dātabbāni; no ce, ekekameva datvā paṭipāṭiyā gatāya puna therāsanato paṭṭhāya dātabbaṃ. Sace antarāva upacchijjati, ṭhitikā sallakkhetabbā. Yadi pana tādisaṃ bhattaṃ nibaddhameva hoti, yassa pāpuṇāti, so vattabbo 『『laddhā vā aladdhā vā svepi gaṇheyyāsī』』ti. Ekaṃ anibaddhaṃ hoti, labhanadivase pana yāvadatthaṃ labhati, alabhanadivasā bahutarā honti, taṃ yassa pāpuṇāti, so alabhitvā 『『sve gaṇheyyāsī』』ti vattabbo.
Yo salākāsu gāhitāsu pacchā āgacchati, tassa atikkantāva salākā na upaṭṭhāpetvā dātabbā. Salākaṃ nāma ghaṇṭippaharaṇato paṭṭhāya āgantvā hatthaṃ pasārentova labhati. Aññassa āgantvā samīpe ṭhitassāpi atikkantā atikkantāva hoti. Sace panassa añño gaṇhanto atthi, sayaṃ anāgatopi labhati. Sabhāgaṭṭhāne asuko anāgatoti ñatvā 『『ayaṃ tassa salākā』』ti ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace 『『anāgatassa na dātabbā』』ti katikaṃ karonti, adhammikā hoti. Antoupacāre ṭhitassa hi bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ pāpuṇāti. Sace pana 『『anāgatassa dethā』』ti mahāsaddaṃ karonti, daṇḍakammaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ, 『『āgantvā gaṇhantū』』ti vattabbaṃ.
Chappañcasalākā naṭṭhā honti, bhattuddesako dāyakānaṃ nāmaṃ nassarati, so ce naṭṭhasalākā mahātherassa vā attano vā pāpetvā bhikkhū vadeyya, 『『mayā asukagāme salākabhattaṃ mayhaṃ pāpitaṃ, tumhe tattha laddhaṃ salākabhattaṃ bhuñjeyyāthā』』ti, vaṭṭati. Vihāre apāpitaṃ pana āsanasālāya taṃ bhattaṃ labhitvā tattheva pāpetvā bhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭati. 『『Ajja paṭṭhāya mayhaṃ salākabhattaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vutte tatra āsanasālāya gāhetuṃ na vaṭṭati, vihāraṃ ānetvā gāhetabbaṃ. 『『Sve paṭṭhāyā』』ti vutte pana bhattuddesakassa ācikkhitabbaṃ 『『sve paṭṭhāya asukakulaṃ nāma salākabhattaṃ deti, salākaggāhaṇakāle sareyyāsī』』ti. Dubbhikkhe salākabhattaṃ pacchinditvā subhikkhe jāte kiñci disvā 『『ajja paṭṭhāya amhākaṃ salākabhattaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti puna paṭṭhapenti, antogāme agāhetvā vihāraṃ ānetvāva gāhetabbaṃ. Idañhi 『『salākabhattaṃ』』 nāma. Uddesabhattasadisaṃ na hoti, vihārameva sandhāya diyyati, tasmā bahiupacāre gāhetuṃ na vaṭṭati. 『『Sve paṭṭhāyā』』ti vutte pana vihāre gāhetabbameva.
Gamiko bhikkhu yaṃ disābhāgaṃ gantukāmo, tattha aññena vāragāmasalākā laddhā hoti, taṃ gahetvā itaraṃ bhikkhuṃ 『『mayhaṃ pattasalākaṃ tvaṃ gaṇhāhī』』ti vatvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Tena pana upacārasīmaṃ anatikkanteyeva tasmiṃ tassa salākā gāhetabbā.
分發簽的責任應由簽的施主來承擔。因此,他應該在適當的時間醒來,拿著缽和衣物去食堂,清掃未清掃的地方,準備飲水和洗滌用水,估計"現在比丘們已經完成了職責",到時間敲鐘,比丘們聚集后,首先應該分發輪值村莊的抽籤食物。應當說"你在某個輪值村莊得到簽,去那裡"。 如果村莊超過一由旬半,那天去會疲勞,應該今天就說"明天你在輪值村莊得到"並分發。如果被派去輪值村莊而不去,而尋求另一個簽,不應給予。因為這會使有信仰的人失去功德,僧團也會失去利養,所以第二天第三天也不應給他另一個簽,應該對他說"去你自己的地方吃"。但如果三天不去,應該在輪值村莊之前的輪值村莊給他簽。如果他不接受,從那以後就不應該再給他其他簽,但應該嚴厲懲罰,不應減少六十或五十次。在輪值村莊分發后,應該分發寺院值班,應該說"你得到寺院值班"。應該給寺院值班的人兩三個粥簽和三四個飯簽,但不應固定給予。因為粥飯施主會認為"只有寺院守衛在吃我們的粥飯",所以應該在其他家庭給予。 如果寺院值班的人有相熟的人帶來,那很好;如果沒有,應該輪流為他們帶來粥飯。這只是他們簽的增益,但按戒臘在得到的地方也可以拿另一個美味食物的簽。應該為多餘的附加食物和單獨巡迴的食物分別設立順序給簽。 如果得到簽的人那天沒得到那個食物,第二天應該再給。如果只得到飯,沒有附加食物,也應該再給。對於牛奶飯的簽也是這樣。但如果只得到牛奶,沒有飯,從得到牛奶開始就不應再給。如果兩三個單獨巡迴的食物都落到一個人身上,在饑荒時期,如果僧團中最年輕的人得到,應該解開分別給予,即使沒得到普通的抽籤食物,第二天也應該給予。 如果是小寺院,所有比丘共同享用,分發甘蔗簽時,可以給任何在場的人,然後白天切給大長老等。得到調味品簽后,可以在飯後過濾或製成糖漿給乞食者等。應該知道客人來沒來後分發,在大寺院應該按順序分發。
Chaḍḍitavihāre manussā bodhicetiyādīni jaggitvā bhuñjantūti salākabhattaṃ paṭṭhapenti, bhikkhū sakaṭṭhānesu vasitvā kālasseva gantvā tattha vattaṃ karitvā taṃ bhattaṃ bhuñjanti, vaṭṭati. Sace tesu svātanāya attano pāpetvā gatesu āgantuko bhikkhu chaḍḍitavihāre vasitvā kālasseva vattaṃ katvā ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā salākabhattaṃ attano pāpetvā āsanasālaṃ gacchati, sova tassa bhattassa issaro. Yo pana bhikkhūsu vattaṃ karontesuyeva bhūmiyaṃ dve tayo sammuñjanippahāre datvā ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā 『『dhuragāme salākabhattaṃ mayhaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti gacchati, tassa taṃ corikāya gahitattā na pāpuṇāti, vattaṃ katvā pāpetvā pacchā gatabhikkhūnaṃyeva hoti.
Eko gāmo atidūre hoti, bhikkhū niccaṃ gantuṃ na icchanti, manussā 『『mayaṃ puññena paribāhirā homā』』ti vadanti, ye tassa gāmassa āsannavihāre sabhāgabhikkhū, te vattabbā 『『imesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anāgatadivase tumhe bhuñjathā』』ti. Salākā pana devasikaṃ pāpetabbā, tā ca kho pana ghaṇṭippaharaṇamattena vā pacchicālanamattena vā pāpitā na honti, pacchiṃ pana gahetvā salākā pīṭhake ākiritabbā, pacchi pana mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ na gahetabbā. Sace hi tattha ahi vā vicchiko vā bhaveyya, dukkhaṃ uppādeyya; tasmā heṭṭhā gahetvā pacchiṃ parammukhaṃ katvā salākā ākiritabbā 『『sacepi sappo bhavissati, ettova palāyissatī』』ti. Evaṃ salākā ākiritvā gāmādivasena pubbe vuttanayeneva gāhetabbā. Apica ekaṃ mahātherassa pāpetvā 『『avasesā mayhaṃ pāpuṇantī』』ti attano pāpetvā vattaṃ katvā cetiyaṃ vanditvā vitakkamāḷake ṭhitehi bhikkhūhi 『『pāpitā, āvuso, salākā』』ti vutte 『『āma, bhante, tumhe gatagatagāme salākabhattaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vattabbaṃ; evaṃ pāpitāpi hi supāpitāva honti.
Bhikkhū sabbarattiṃ dhammasavanatthaṃ aññaṃ vihāraṃ gacchantā 『『mayaṃ tattha dānaṃ aggahetvāva amhākaṃ gocaragāmeva piṇḍāya caritvā āgamissāmā』』ti salākā aggahetvāva gatā, vihāre therassa pattasalākabhattaṃ bhuñjituṃ āgacchanti, vaṭṭati. Atha mahātheropi 『『ahaṃ idha kiṃ karomī』』ti tehiyeva saddhiṃ gacchati, tehi gatavihāre abhuñjitvāva gocaragāmaṃ anuppattehi 『『detha, bhante, patte salākayāguādīni āharissāmā』』ti vutte pattā na dātabbā. 『『Kasmā, bhante, na dethā』』ti 『『vihāraṭṭhakaṃ bhattaṃ vihāre vutthānaṃ pāpuṇāti, mayaṃ aññasmiṃ vihāre vutthā』』ti. 『『Detha, bhante, na mayaṃ vihāre pālikāya dema, tumhākaṃ dema, gaṇhatha amhākaṃ bhikkha』』nti vutte pana vaṭṭati.
Salākabhattakathā niṭṭhitā.
人們為廢棄寺院設立抽籤食物,說"照看菩提樹和塔等后吃飯",比丘們住在自己的地方,一大早去那裡履行職責后吃那個飯,這是可以的。如果他們為自己第二天分配后離開,一個客僧住在廢棄寺院,一大早履行職責,敲鐘,為自己分配抽籤食物後去座位大廳,他就是那個食物的主人。但如果在比丘們履行職責時,只在地上掃兩三下就敲鐘說"我在前面的村莊得到抽籤食物"而離開,因為他偷取了,所以不屬於他,而是屬於履行職責後分配並後來去的比丘們。 一個村莊太遠,比丘們不想經常去,人們說"我們失去了功德",應該對那個村莊附近寺院的相熟比丘說"這些比丘不來的日子你們吃"。但簽應該每天分配,只敲鐘或搖籃子是不夠的,應該拿著籃子把簽倒在凳子上,但不應抓住籃子的邊緣。因為如果那裡有蛇或蝎子,會造成痛苦;所以應該從下面拿著籃子,把它倒過來,倒出簽,想"即使有蛇也會從這裡逃走"。這樣倒出簽后,應該按之前說的村莊等方式分配。也可以給一個大長老分配后,說"剩下的歸我",為自己分配,履行職責,禮拜塔,對站在思考亭的比丘們說"朋友們,簽已經分配了",他們說"是的,尊者",應該說"你們去你們去過的村莊拿抽籤食物";這樣分配也是很好的分配。 比丘們整夜去另一個寺院聽法,想"我們不在那裡接受佈施,而是在我們的乞食村莊乞食后回來",沒拿簽就走了,他們來吃寺院裡長老得到的抽籤食物,這是可以的。如果大長老也說"我在這裡做什麼"和他們一起去,到了他們去的寺院,還沒吃就到了乞食村莊,他們說"尊者,給缽,我們會帶來抽籤粥等",不應給缽。"尊者,為什麼不給?"(他們問)"寺院的食物屬於住在寺院的人,我們住在另一個寺院。"(他回答)如果他們說"給吧,尊者,我們不是按寺院規矩給,而是給你們,接受我們的食物",那麼是可以的。 關於抽籤食物的論述結束。
Pakkhikabhattādikathā
Pakkhikādīsu pana yaṃ abhilakkhitesu cātuddasī pañcadasī pañcamī aṭṭhamīti imesu pakkhesu kammappasutehi uposathaṃ kātuṃ satikaraṇatthāya diyyati, taṃ pakkhikaṃ nāma. Taṃ salākabhattagatikameva hoti, gāhetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. Sace salākabhattampi pakkhikabhattampi bahu sabbesaṃ vinivijjhitvā gacchati, dvepi bhattāni visuṃ visuṃ gāhetabbāni. Sace bhikkhusaṅgho mahā, pakkhikaṃ gāhetvā tassa ṭhitikāya salākabhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ , salākabhattaṃ vā gāhāpetvā tassa ṭhitikāya pakkhikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Yesaṃ na pāpuṇāti, te piṇḍāya carissanti. Sace dvepi bhattāni bahūni, bhikkhū mandā; salākabhattaṃ nāma devasikaṃ labbhati, tasmā taṃ ṭhapetvā 『『pakkhikaṃ āvuso bhuñjathā』』ti pakkhikameva gāhetabbaṃ. Pakkhikaṃ paṇītaṃ denti, visuṃ ṭhitikā kātabbā. 『『Sve pakkho』』ti ajja pakkhikaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana dāyakā vadanti 『『sve amhākaṃ ghare lūkhabhattaṃ bhavissati, ajjeva pakkhikabhattaṃ uddisathā』』ti, evaṃ vaṭṭati.
Uposathikaṃ nāma anvaḍḍhamāse uposathaṅgāni samādiyitvā yaṃ attanā bhuñjati, tadeva diyyati. Pāṭipadikaṃ nāma 『『uposathe bahū saddhā pasannā bhikkhūnaṃ sakkāraṃ karonti, pāṭipade pana bhikkhū kilamanti, pāṭipade dinnaṃ dubbhikkhadānasadisaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti, uposathakammena vā parisuddhasīlānaṃ dutiyadivase dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hotī』』ti sallakkhetvā pāṭipade diyyanakadānaṃ, tampi ubhayaṃ salākabhattagatikameva. Iti imāni sattapi bhattāni piṇḍapātikānaṃ na vaṭṭanti, dhutaṅgabhedaṃ karontiyeva.
Aparānipi cīvarakkhandhake visākhāya varaṃ yācitvā dinnāni āgantukabhattaṃ gamiyabhattaṃ gilānabhattaṃ gilānupaṭṭhākabhattanti cattāri bhattāni pāḷiyaṃ āgatāneva, tattha āgantukānaṃ dinnaṃ bhattaṃ 『『āgantukabhattaṃ』』. Esa nayo sesesu. Sace panettha āgantukabhattānipi āgantukāpi bahū honti, sabbesaṃ ekekaṃ gāhetabbaṃ, bhattesu appahontesu ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Eko āgantuko paṭhamameva āgantvā sabbaṃ āgantukabhattaṃ attano gāhetvā nisīdati, sabbaṃ tasseva hoti, pacchā āgatehi āgantukehi tena dinnāni paribhuñjitabbāni. Tenapi ekaṃ attano gahetvā sesāni dātabbāni. Ayaṃ uḷāro.
Sace pana yo paṭhamaṃ āgantvāpi attano aggahetvā tuṇhībhūto nisīdati, pacchā āgatehi saddhiṃ paṭipāṭiyā gaṇhitabbaṃ. Sace niccaṃ āgantukā āgacchanti, āgatadivaseyeva bhuñjitabbaṃ, antarantarā ce āgacchanti, dve tīṇi divasāni bhuñjitabbaṃ. Mahāpaccariyaṃ pana 『『satta divasāni bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti vuttaṃ.
Āvāsiko katthaci gantvā āgato, tenāpi āgantukabhattaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Sace pana taṃ vihāre nibandhāpitaṃ hoti, vihāre gāhetabbaṃ. Atha vihāro dūre hoti, āsanasālāya nibandhāpitaṃ āsanasālāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana dāyakā 『『āgantukesu asati āvāsikāpi paribhuñjantū』』ti vadanti, vaṭṭati.
離開食物等的論述 在離開的食物中,所指的有十四日、十五日、第五日、第八日等,這些離開的食物是爲了在這些日子裡進行齋戒而準備的,稱為離開食物。它應當是抽籤食物的形式,拿著吃。如果抽籤食物和離開食物都很多,所有人都應各自分開拿取兩種食物。如果比丘僧團很大,應該拿離開食物併爲其分配抽籤食物,或拿抽籤食物併爲其分配離開食物。如果沒有得到的人會去乞食。如果兩種食物都很多,比丘們就太懶惰了;抽籤食物是從天上得到的,所以應該放下抽籤食物,"朋友們,吃離開食物吧",只應拿離開食物。離開食物是美味的,應該分開拿取。"明天是離開的日子",今天不應拿離開食物。如果施主說"明天我們家會有剩餘的食物,今天就把離開食物給我們",這樣是可以的。 齋戒食物是指在增月期間,準備齋戒的食物,自己吃的食物就是齋戒食物。常規食物是指"在齋戒日,許多有信仰的比丘會做供養,而常規食物則是比丘們很疲憊,常規食物的佈施就像在饑荒時期所施的食物,在齋戒的工作中,第二天施給清凈的比丘們的食物會非常豐盛",所以常規食物的佈施也是抽籤食物的形式。因此,這七種食物是不能給乞食者的,只有在修行中才能施捨。 此外,關於衣物的部分,維薩卡請求的供養,包括客人的食物、前往村莊的食物、病人的食物和病人照顧者的食物,這四種食物在經文中已有說明,其中給客人的食物稱為"客人食物"。其他的也是如此。如果這裡的客人食物也有很多,所有人都應各自分開拿取,食物較少的地方也應分開拿取。一個客人第一次來到時,拿走所有的客人食物,坐下後,所有的食物都屬於他,隨後來的客人應吃他所施的食物。因此應當拿走一個自己的食物,其他的應施捨給他。這是非常重要的。 如果第一個人第一次來到后,自己不拿食物而沉默地坐著,隨後來的客人應按順序拿取。如果常客經常來,應在到達的那天吃,若間隔幾天再來,則應在兩三天內吃。關於大施主的說法,"可以吃七天"。 如果住處在任何地方,回來后也應吃客人的食物。如果在寺院中被固定下來,則應在寺院中拿取。如果寺院很遠,則應在座位大廳中固定下來拿取。如果施主說"如果客人不在,住持也可以吃",那也是可以的。
Gamiyabhattepi ayameva kathāmaggo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – āgantuko āgantukabhattameva labhati, gamiko āgantukabhattampi gamiyabhattampi. Āvāsikopi pakkamitukāmo gamiko hoti; gamiyabhattaṃ labhati. Yathā pana āgantukabhattaṃ; evamidaṃ dve vā tīṇi vā satta vā divasāni na labbhati. 『『Gamissāmī』』ti bhutto taṃdivasaṃ kenacideva kāraṇena na gato, punadivasepi bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati, saussāhattā. 『『Gamissāmī』』ti bhuttassa corā vā panthaṃ rundhanti udakaṃ vā, devo vā vassati, sattho vā na gacchati, saussāhena bhuñjitabbaṃ. Ete upaddave olokentena 『『dve tayo divase bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī』』ti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. 『『Gamissāmī』』ti pana lesaṃ oḍḍetvā bhuñjituṃ na labhati.
Gilānabhattampi sace sabbesaṃ gilānānaṃ pahoti, sabbesaṃ dātabbaṃ; no ce, ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbaṃ. Eko gilāno arogarūpo sakkoti antogāmaṃ gantuṃ, eko na sakkoti, ayaṃ 『『mahāgilāno』』 nāma. Etassa gilānabhattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Dve mahāgilānā – eko lābhī abhiññāto bahuṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ labhati, eko anātho appalābhatāya antogāmaṃ pavisati – etassa gilānabhattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Gilānabhatte pana divasaparicchedo natthi. Yāva rogo na vūpasammati, sappāyabhojanaṃ abhuñjanto na yāpeti, tāva bhuñjitabbaṃ. Yadā pana missakayāguṃ vā missakabhattaṃ vā bhuttassāpi rogo na kuppati, tato paṭṭhāya na bhuñjitabbaṃ.
Gilānupaṭṭhākabhattampi yaṃ sabbesaṃ pahoti, taṃ sabbesaṃ dātabbaṃ; no ce pahoti, ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbaṃ. Idampi dvīsu gilānesu mahāgilānupaṭṭhākassa gāhetabbaṃ, dvīsu mahāgilānesu anāthagilānupaṭṭhākassa. Yaṃ kulaṃ gilānabhattampi deti gilānupaṭṭhākabhattampi, tattha yassa gilānassa bhattaṃ pāpuṇāti tadupaṭṭhākassāpi tattheva gāhetabbaṃ. Gilānupaṭṭhākabhattepi divasaparicchedo natthi, yāva gilāno labhati, tāvassa upaṭṭhākopi labhatīti. Imāni cattāri bhattāni sace evaṃ dinnāni honti 『『āgantukagamikagilānupaṭṭhākā mama bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū』』ti, piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Sace pana āgantukādīnaṃ bhattaṃ nibandhāpemi, 『『mama bhattaṃ gaṇhantū』』ti evaṃ dinnāni honti, piṇḍapātikānaṃ na vaṭṭati.
Aparānipi 『『dhurabhattaṃ, kuṭibhattaṃ, vārabhatta』』nti tīṇi bhattāni. Tattha dhurabhattanti niccabhattaṃ vuccati, taṃ duvidhaṃ – saṅghikaṃ puggalikañca. Tattha yaṃ 『『saṅghassa dhurabhattaṃ demā』』ti nibandhāpitaṃ, taṃ salākabhattagatikaṃ. 『『Mama nibaddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū』』ti vatvā dinnaṃ pana piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Puggalikepi 『『tumhākaṃ dhurabhattaṃ dammī』』ti vutte piṇḍapātiko ce, na vaṭṭati. 『『Mama nibaddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vutte pana vaṭṭati, sāditabbaṃ. Sacepi pacchā katipāhe vītivatte 『『dhurabhattaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vadati, mūle suṭṭhu sampaṭicchitattā vaṭṭati.
Kuṭibhattaṃ nāma yaṃ saṅghassa āvāsaṃ kāretvā 『『amhākaṃ senāsanavāsino amhākaṃyeva bhattaṃ gaṇhantū』』ti evaṃ nibandhāpitaṃ, taṃ salākabhattagatikameva hoti, gahetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. 『『Amhākaṃ senāsanavāsino amhākaṃyeva bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū』』ti vutte pana piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati . Yaṃ pana puggale pasīditvā tassa vā āvāsaṃ katvā 『『tumhākaṃ demā』』ti dinnaṃ, taṃ tasseva hoti, tasmiṃ katthaci gate nissitakehi bhuñjitabbaṃ.
關於村莊食物的論述 關於村莊食物的論述也是如此。特別是,客人食物只給客人,村莊食物則可以給客人和村民。住持如果想離開,便是村民;可以得到村莊食物。就像客人食物一樣,這兩種食物不能在兩天、三天或七天內得到。"我將要去"的人,如果那天因為某種原因未能離開,第二天仍然可以吃,因其有助於恢復。"我將要去"的人,若被盜賊或旅途阻礙,或遇到雨水,或身體不適,都應在恢復期間進食。這些災難被觀察時,"可以吃兩天、三天"的說法是正確的。而"我將要去"的說法則不能在吃飯時被忽略。 病人食物如果是所有病人都需要的,則應給予所有人;如果不是,則應分開拿取。一個病人如果身體健康,可以前往村莊,另一個則不能,這個被稱為"重病人"。因此,重病人的食物應給予他。兩個重病人中,一個是有財力的,能得到豐盛的食物,另一個因無財力而進入村莊,這個重病人的食物也應給予他。病人食物沒有時間限制,只要病人未痊癒,便應繼續進食,直到他不再需要適宜的食物。如果他吃了混合的米飯或其他食物,病人不再發病,便不應再給予食物。 病人照顧者的食物,如果是所有人都需要的,則應給予所有人;如果不是,則應分開拿取。在這兩種病人中,重病人的照顧者應給予,而在兩個重病人中,貧窮的病人照顧者也應給予。若一個家庭給予病人食物和病人照顧者的食物,若該病人能得到食物,照顧者也應在那時拿取。病人照顧者的食物也沒有時間限制,只要病人能得到,照顧者也應得到。因此,如果這四種食物如此給予,應說"客人、村民、病人照顧者都來拿我的食物",乞食者也應如此。如果客人等的食物被固定下來,則應說"我的食物來吧",這樣給予是不適合的。 此外,還有"重食、居士食、特食"這三種食物。其中,重食指的是常規食物,分為兩類:僧團食和個人食。在這裡,"我們將給僧團的重食"是固定的,這應是抽籤食物的形式。"請拿我的食物"的話也適用於乞食者。如果個人說"我將給你們重食",則不適用于乞食者。"請拿我的食物"則是適用的,應該給予。如果在幾天後說"請拿重食",則因其基礎被充分接受而適用。 居士食是指為僧團準備的食物,"請為我們在營地的僧人拿食物",這應是抽籤食物的形式,拿著吃。"請為我們在營地的僧人拿食物"的話也適用於乞食者。若對一個人表示喜歡,或為他準備居士食,則應給予他,這樣在任何地方都應吃。
Vārabhattaṃ nāma dubbhikkhasamaye 『『vārena bhikkhū jaggissāmā』』ti dhuragehato paṭṭhāya dinnaṃ, tampi bhikkhāvacanena dinnaṃ piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. 『『Vārabhatta』』nti vutte pana salākabhattagatikaṃ hoti. Sace taṇḍulādīni pesenti, 『『sāmaṇerā pacitvā dentū』』ti, piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. Iti imāni ca tīṇi āgantukabhattādīni ca cattārīti satta, tāni saṅghabhattādīhi saha cuddasa bhattāni honti.
Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana vihārabhattaṃ, aṭṭhakabhattaṃ, catukkabhattaṃ, guḷhakabhattanti aññānipi cattāri bhattāni vuttāni. Tattha vihārabhattaṃ nāma vihāre tatruppādabhattaṃ, taṃ saṅghabhattena gahitaṃ. Taṃ pana tissamahāvihāracittalapabbatādīsu paṭisambhidāpattehi khīṇāsavehi yathā piṇḍapātikānampi sakkā hoti paribhuñjituṃ, tathā paṭiggahitattā tādisesu ṭhānesu piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. 『『Aṭṭhannaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dema, catunnaṃ demā』』ti evaṃ dinnaṃ pana aṭṭhakabhattañceva catukkabhattañca; tampi bhikkhāvacanena dinnaṃ piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. Mahābhisaṅkhārikena atirasakapūvena pattaṃ pūretvā thaketvā dinnaṃ guḷhakabhattaṃ nāma. Imāni tīṇi salākabhattagatikāneva.
Aparampi guḷakabhattaṃ nāma atthi, idhekacce manussā mahādhammasavanañca vihārapūjañca kāretvā sakalasaṅghassa dātuṃ na sakkomāti, 『『dve tīṇi bhikkhusatāni amhākaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū』』ti bhikkhuparicchedajānanatthaṃ guḷake denti, idaṃ piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Iti cīvarakkhandhake cīvarabhājanīyaṃ, imasmiṃ pana senāsanakkhandhake senāsanabhājanīyañceva piṇḍapātabhājanīyañca vuttaṃ.
Gilānapaccayabhājanīyaṃ pana evaṃ veditabbaṃ – sappiādīsu bhesajjesu rājarājamahāmattā sappissa tāva kumbhasatampi kumbhasahassampi vihāraṃ pesenti, ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā therāsanato paṭṭhāya gahitabhājanaṃ pūretvā dātabbaṃ , piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Sace alasajātikā mahātherā pacchā āgacchanti, 『『bhante, vīsativassānaṃ diyyati, tumhākaṃ ṭhitikā atikkantā』』ti na vattabbā, ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā tesaṃ datvā pacchā ṭhitikāya dātabbaṃ.
『『Asukavihāre bahu sappi uppanna』』nti sutvā yojanantaravihāratopi bhikkhū āgacchanti, sampattasampattānaṃ ṭhitaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya dātabbaṃ. Asampattānampi upacārasīmaṃ paviṭṭhānaṃ antevāsikādīsu gaṇhantesu dātabbameva. 『『Bahiupacārasīmāya ṭhitānaṃ dethā』』ti vadanti, na dātabbaṃ. Sace pana upacārasīmaṃ okkantehi ekābaddhā hutvā attano vihāradvāre vā antovihāreyeva vā honti, parisāvasena vaḍḍhitā nāma sīmā hoti, tasmā dātabbaṃ. Saṅghanavakassa dinnepi pacchā āgatānaṃ dātabbameva. Dutiyabhāge pana therāsanaṃ āruḷhe pacchā āgatānaṃ paṭhamabhāgo na pāpuṇāti, dutiyabhāgato vassaggena dātabbaṃ. Upacārasīmaṃ pavisitvā yattha katthaci dinnaṃ hoti, sabbasannipātaṭṭhāneyeva bhājetabbaṃ.
關於特食的論述 特食是指在饑荒時期,"我們將以特食供養比丘",從重房開始給予的食物,這也是以乞食的形式給予乞食者的。當提到「特食」時,指的就是抽籤食物。如果提供米類等食物,應說「讓小沙彌來煮」,這也適用於乞食者。因此,這三種客人食物及其他四種,共七種,和僧團食等共計十三種食物。 在註釋中提到的還有寺院食、八食、四食、糖食等四種食物。其中,寺院食是指在寺院內提供的食物,由僧團食所接受。此食物在三大寺院如智者山等地,由得道者所接受,乞食者也可以在這些地方食用。因此,若說「給八位比丘,給四位比丘」,這樣給予的寺院食和四食,亦適用於乞食者。由大施主所提供的豐盛食物,若裝滿缽后給予,這稱為糖食。這三種食物都是抽籤食物的形式。 另外還有糖食,某些人因無法供養整個僧團而說「請給我們的食物」,因此給出糖食,這也適用於乞食者。因此在衣物部分提到的衣物容器,以及在寢具部分提到的寢具容器和乞食容器也在此提及。 病人照顧者的食物應如此理解——如在油脂等藥物中,國王和大臣們會將食物送往寺院,敲鐘后,由長老開始給予的食物應給予,亦適用於乞食者。如果懶惰的長老們在後面回來,不應說「尊者,這已經給了二十年」,應在給予他們后再給予。 「某某寺院有很多油脂」聽聞后,鄰近的比丘們便會前來,食物應從豐盛的地方給予。對於不豐盛的地方,若有鄰近的比丘也應給予。若說「請給在外的比丘」,則不應給予。如果在鄰近的地方,若聚集在一起,則應給予。因此,給予僧團的食物后,後來的比丘也應給予。在第二部分,若長老坐在高處,後來的比丘則不應得到第一部分,第二部分應根據年份給予。進入鄰近的地方,若在任何地方給予,應在所有聚集的地方給予。
Yasmiṃ vihāre dasa bhikkhū, daseva ca sappikumbhā diyyanti, ekekakumbhavaseneva bhājetabbaṃ. Eko sappikumbho hoti, dasa bhikkhūhi bhājetvā gahetabbaṃ. Sace yathāṭhitaṃyeva 『『amhākaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti gaṇhanti, duggahitaṃ; gatagataṭṭhāne saṅghikameva hoti. Kumbhaṃ pana āvajjetvā thālake thokaṃ sappiṃ katvā 『『idaṃ mahātherassa pāpuṇāti, avasesaṃ amhākaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti vatvā tampi kumbheyeva ākiritvā yathicchitaṃ gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace thinaṃ sappi hoti, lekhaṃ katvā 『『lekhato parabhāgo mahātherassa pāpuṇāti, avasesaṃ amhāka』』nti gahitampi suggahitaṃ, vuttaparicchedato ūnādhikesupi bhikkhūsu ca sappikumbhesu ca etenevupāyena bhājetabbaṃ.
Sace paneko bhikkhu, ekopi kumbho hoti, ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā 『『ayaṃ mayhaṃ pāpuṇātī』』tipi gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. 『『Ayaṃ paṭhamabhāgo mayhaṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ dutiyabhāgo』』ti evaṃ thokaṃ thokampi pāpetuṃ vaṭṭati. Esa nayo navanītādīsupi. Yasmiṃ pana vippasanne tilatelādimhi lekhā na santiṭṭhati, taṃ uddharitvā bhājetabbaṃ. Siṅgiveramaricādibhesajjampi avasesapattathālakādisamaṇaparikkhāropi sabbo vuttānurūpeneva nayena suṭṭhu sallakkhetvā bhājetabboti.
Pāḷiṃ aṭṭhakathañceva, oloketvā vicakkhaṇo;
Saṅghike paccaye evaṃ, appamattova bhājayeti.
Iti sabbākārena paccayabhājanīyakathā niṭṭhitā.
Sammannitvā ṭhapitayāgubhājakādīhi bhājanīyaṭṭhānaṃ āgatamanussānaṃ anāpucchitvāva upaḍḍhabhāgo dātabbo, asammatehi pana apaloketvā dātabbo. Sammatena appamattakavissajjanakena bhikkhunā cīvarakammaṃ karontassa 『『sūciṃ dehī』』ti vadato ekā dīghā, ekā rassāti dve sūciyo dātabbā. 『『Avibhattaṃ saṅghikaṃ bhaṇḍa』』nti pucchitabbakiccaṃ natthi. Pipphalakatthikassa eko pipphalako, addhānakantāraṃ paṭipajjitukāmassa upāhanayugaḷaṃ, kāyabandhanatthikassa kāyabandhanaṃ, 『『aṃsabaddhako me jiṇṇo』』ti āgatassa aṃsabaddhako, parissāvanatthikassa parissāvanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Dhammakaraṇatthikassa dhammakaraṇo. Sace paṭako na hoti, dhammakaraṇo paṭakena saddhiṃ dātabbo. 『『Āgantukapaṭṭaṃ āropessāmī』』ti yācantassa kusiyā ca aḍḍhakusiyā ca pahonakaṃ dātabbaṃ. 『『Maṇḍalaṃ nappahotī』』ti āgatassa maṇḍalaṃ ekaṃ dātabbaṃ, aḍḍhamaṇḍalāni dve dātabbāni. Dve maṇḍalāni yācantassa na dātabbāni. Anuvātaparibhaṇḍatthikassa ekassa cīvarassa pahonakaṃ dātabbaṃ. Sappinavanītādiatthikassa gilānassa ekaṃ bhesajjaṃ nāḷimattaṃ katvā tato tatiyakoṭṭhāso dātabbo. Evaṃ tīṇi divasāni datvā nāḷiyā paripuṇṇāya catutthadivasato paṭṭhāya saṅghaṃ pucchitvā dātabbaṃ. Guḷapiṇḍepi ekadivasaṃ tatiyabhāgo dātabbo. Evaṃ tīhi divasehi niṭṭhite piṇḍe tato paraṃ saṅghaṃ pucchitvā dātabbaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
Pakkhikabhattādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Senāsanakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ
Chasakyapabbajjākathā
在某個寺院中有十位比丘,十個油脂容器應分開給予。一個油脂容器由十位比丘共同使用。如果以「我們能得到」來計算,則是困難的;在過去的地方是僧團的。油脂容器應觀察后,加一點油脂,說「這給大長老,其餘的給我們」,然後將油脂容器倒出,隨意拿取。如果油脂是稀的,記下後說「記下的部分給大長老,其餘的給我們」,這樣拿取也是合理的。根據上述部分,油脂容器的數量應根據比丘的數量來分配。 如果只有一個比丘,只有一個油脂容器,敲鐘后也可以說「這是我的」。「這是我的第一部分,這是我的第二部分」,這樣也可以分開拿取。類似的情況也適用於奶油等食物。在某個地方,若沒有芝麻油等的記錄,應將其提升並給予。關於香料、藥物等的使用,所有的器具也應根據上述方法進行合理分配。 關於食物的註釋,觀察到非常細緻的地方;在僧團的供養中,必須小心地分配。 因此,所有供養器具的論述已完成。 在合理的情況下,給予的食物應在沒有詢問的情況下給予,而不應在不合理的情況下給予。根據合理的分配,若比丘在進行衣物工作時說「請給我針」,應給予一根長針和一根短針,共兩根針。若問「是否有分開的僧團器具」,則沒有必要詢問。對於某個特定的器具,若希望前往某地,則應給予一對器具。若是爲了身體的束縛而來的,則應給予身體的束縛。若是爲了清潔而來的,則應給予清潔的器具。若沒有清潔器具,則應與清潔器具一起給予。若是要求「請給我客人的衣物」,則應給予一件客人的衣物,而對於半件衣物則應給予兩件。對於要求的器具,應給予一個器具的部分。若是爲了生病而來的,則應給予一個藥物的部分。給予三天後,若藥物充足,應詢問僧團再給予。對於糖食,若給予一天,則應給予第三部分。這樣在三天後,詢問僧團再給予。其他的部分都應如此處理。 關於離開食物的論述已完成。 關於寢具部分的論述已完成。 7. 關於僧團分裂的部分 關於六種出家者的論述。
- Saṅghabhedakakkhandhake abhiññātā abhiññātāti pākaṭā pākaṭā. Sakyakumārā nāma kāḷudāyippabhutayo dasa dūtā saddhiṃ parivārehi aññe ca bahū janā. Amhākanti amhesu; amhākaṃ kulatoti vā vuttaṃ hoti. Gharāvāsatthaṃ anusāsissāmīti gharāvāse yaṃ kattabbaṃ, taṃ jānāpessāmi. Udakaṃ ninnetabbanti yathā udakaṃ sabbaṭṭhāne samaṃ hoti, evaṃ kātabbaṃ. Niddhāpetabbanti tiṇāni uddharitabbāni. Bhusikā uddharāpetabbāti sukhumapalālamissadhaññā palālikā palāpetabbā. Opunāpetabbanti sukhumapalālaṃ apanetabbaṃ. Tvaññeva gharāvāsatthena upajānāhīti tvaññeva gharāvāsatthaṃ jānāhi. Ahaṃ tayā yathāsukhaṃ pabbajāhīti ettha ahaṃ tayā saddhiṃ pabbajissāmīti sahāyasinehena sahasā vattukāmo hutvā puna rajjasirilobhena parikaḍḍhiyamānahadayo 『『ahaṃ tayā』』ti ettakameva vatvā sesaṃ vattuṃ nāsakkhīti evamattho veditabbo .
331.Nippātitāti nikkhamitā. Mānassinoti mānassayino; mānanissitāti vuttaṃ hoti.
332.Yassantarato na santi kopāti tatiyamaggena samūhatattā yassa citte kopā na santi. Yasmā pana bhavoti sampatti, vibhavoti vipatti; tathā bhavoti vuḍḍhi, vibhavoti hāni; bhavoti sassataṃ, vibhavoti ucchedo; bhavoti puññaṃ, vibhavoti pāpaṃ; vibhavoti ca abhavoti ca atthato ekameva, tasmā itibhavābhavatañca vītivattoti ettha yā esā sampattivipattivuḍḍhihānisassatucchedapuññapāpavasena iti anekappakārā bhavābhavatā vuccati; catūhipi maggehi yathāsambhavaṃ tena tena nayena taṃ itibhavābhavatañca vītivattoti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Nānubhavantīti na sampāpuṇanti; tassa dassanaṃ devānampi dullabhanti adhippāyo.
333.Ahimekhalikāti ahiṃ kaṭiyaṃ bandhitvā. Ucchaṅgeti aṅke.
334.Sammannatīti sammāneti. Yaṃ tumo karissatīti yaṃ so karissati.
Chasakyapabbajjākathā niṭṭhitā.
Pakāsanīyakammādikathā
336.Kheḷāsakassāti ettha micchājīvena uppannapaccayā ariyehi vantabbā kheḷasadisā, tathārūpe paccaye ayaṃ ajjhoharatīti katvā kheḷāsakoti bhagavatā vutto.
340.Patthaddhena kāyenāti potthakarūpasadisena niccalena kāyena.
342.Mayaṃ kho bhaṇe rājañātakā nāmāti rājā amhe jānātīti rājañātakassa bhāvena attānaṃ ukkaṃsanto āha. Pahaṭṭhakaṇṇavāloti bandhane niccale katvā.
Dukkhañhi kuñjara nāgamāsadoti bho kuñjara buddhanāgaṃ āsādanaṃ vadhakacittena upagamanaṃ nāma dukkhaṃ. Nāgahatassāti buddhanāgaṃ ghātakassa.
Paṭikuṭiyova osakkīti tathāgatābhimukhoyeva piṭṭhimehi pādehi avasakki. Alakkhikoti ettha na lakkhetīti alakkhiko; na jānātīti attho , ahaṃ pāpakammaṃ karomīti na jānāti. Na lakkhitabboti vā alakkhiko; na passitabboti attho.
343.Tikabhojananti ettha tīhi janehi bhuñjitabbabhojanaṃ. Taṃ paññāpessāmīti taṃ anujānissāmi . Gaṇabhojane pana yathādhammo kāretabboti. Pañcavatthuyācanakathā saṅghādisesavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttā. Kappanti āyukappaṃ. Brahmaṃ puññanti seṭṭhaṃ puññaṃ. Kappaṃ saggamhīti āyukappameva.
Pakāsanīyakammādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Saṅghabhedakakathā
344.Atha kho devadatto saṅghaṃ bhinditvāti so kira evaṃ salākaṃ gāhetvā tattheva āveṇikaṃ uposathaṃ katvā gato, tenetaṃ vuttaṃ.
在僧團分裂部分中,"著名的"指的是衆所周知的。"釋迦王子"指的是迦留陀夷等十位使者及其隨從,以及其他許多人。"我們的"指的是在我們之中;或者說是我們家族的。"我將教導家居生活"指的是我將告知在家生活中應該做的事。"應引水"指的是應該使水在各處平均。"應清除"指的是應拔除雜草。"應除去糠秕"指的是應除去混有細糠的穀物。"應篩選"指的是應除去細糠。"你自己要了解家居生活"指的是你自己要知道家居生活。"我隨你方便出家"這裡的意思是,他本想立即說"我將和你一起出家",但又被王位的榮耀所牽引,只說了"我隨你",剩下的話說不出來。 "離開"指的是出走。"有慢心的"指的是依靠慢心的;意思是說依賴慢心。 "內心沒有憤怒"指的是由於第三道果已經根除,他的心中沒有憤怒。因為"有"是指圓滿,"無有"是指缺失;同樣,"有"是指增長,"無有"是指衰減;"有"是指常住,"無有"是指斷滅;"有"是指善,"無有"是指惡;"無有"和"不存在"在意義上是相同的,所以"超越了有無"這裡指的是,以圓滿缺失、增長衰減、常住斷滅、善惡等方式所說的各種有無,應該理解為通過四種道果,按照各自的方式超越了這種有無。"不經歷"指的是不到達;意思是說即使天神也難以見到他。 "以蛇為腰帶"指的是把蛇繫在腰上。"腿上"指的是大腿上。 "尊敬"指的是尊重。"他將做的"指的是他將要做的。 六位釋迦族出家的故事結束。 公開譴責等行為的論述 這裡"吃唾液的人"指的是,由於邪命而獲得的資具對聖者來說如同唾液一樣應該吐出,這個人吞食這樣的資具,所以被世尊稱為"吃唾液的人"。 "僵硬的身體"指的是像木偶一樣不動的身體。 "我們是國王的親屬"指的是他抬高自己,說國王認識我們。"豎起耳朵"指的是把耳朵固定不動。 "大象啊,傷害佛陀是痛苦的"指的是,大象啊,帶著殺意接近佛陀是痛苦的。"殺害佛陀的人"指的是殺害佛陀的人。 "向後退"指的是面向如來,用後腳退後。"不幸的"這裡指的是不知道;意思是說不知道我在做惡業。或者"不幸的"指的是不應該看到的;意思是說不應該被看到。 "三人食"指的是三個人應該吃的食物。"我將制定"指的是我將允許。"在團體用餐中應該如法處置"。關於請求五事的論述在僧殘篇中已經說過。"劫"指的是壽命的一劫。"梵福"指的是最上等的福德。"天上一劫"也是指壽命的一劫。 公開譴責等行為的論述結束。 僧團分裂的論述 "然後提婆達多分裂僧團"據說他這樣拿了投票,就在那裡單獨舉行布薩,然後離開,所以這麼說。
345.Piṭṭhime āgilāyatīti ciranisajjāya vedanābhibhūtā bādhati. Tamahaṃ āyamissāmīti taṃ ahaṃ pasāressāmi. Ādesanāpāṭihāriyānusāsanī nāma 『『evampi te mano, tathāpi te mano』』ti evaṃ parassa cittaṃ jānitvā tadanurūpā dhammadesanā.
346.Mamānukubbanti mamānukiriyaṃ kurumāno. Kapaṇoti dukkhito. Mahāvarāhassāti mahānāgassa. Mahiṃ vikubbatoti pathaviṃ padālentassa. Bhisaṃ ghasamānassāti bhisaṃ khādantassa. Nadīsu jaggatoti ettha so kira hatthināgo sāyanhasamayaṃ taṃ nadināmakaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ ogāhetvā kilanto sabbarattiṃ vītināmesi, jālikaṃ karoti, tena vuttaṃ 『『nadīsu jaggato』』ti.
347.Sutāti sotā. Asandiddho ca akkhātīti nissandeho hutvā akkhāti anusandhivasena yojetvā yojetvā.
- Apāye nibbattissatīti āpāyiko. Evaṃ nerayiko. Kappaṃ ṭhassatīti kappaṭṭho. Idāni buddhasahassenāpi tikicchituṃ na sakkāti atekiccho.
Mā jātu koci lokasminti mā kadācipi koci satto lokasmiṃ. Udapajjathāti upapajjatha . Jalaṃva yasasā aṭṭhāti yasasā jalanto viya ṭhito. Devadattoti me sutanti 『『īdiso devadatto』』ti bhagavatā sutampi atthi, tadeva gahetvā idaṃ vuttaṃ. So pamādamanuciṇṇoti ettha pamādaṃ anucinātīti anuciṇṇo, pamādo appahīnoti attho. Āsajja nanti pāpakena cittena patvā, visosetvāti vā attho. Avīcinirayaṃ pattoti idaṃ pana āsīsāyaṃ atītavacanaṃ. Bhesmāti bhayānako.
Saṅghabhedakakathā niṭṭhitā.
Upālipañhākathā
"後背疼痛"指由於長時間坐著而被疼痛所困擾。"我要伸展它"指我要伸展它。"教誡神通"指知道他人的心意后,說"你的心是這樣的,你的心是那樣的",然後根據這個來講法。 "效仿我"指模仿我的行為。"可憐的"指痛苦的。"大象"指大象。"掘地"指挖掘大地。"吃蓮藕"指吃蓮藕。"在河中守夜"這裡據說,那頭大象在傍晚時分進入名叫河的蓮池,疲倦地度過整夜,編織網,所以說"在河中守夜"。 "聽眾"指聽眾。"毫不猶豫地宣說"指沒有疑惑地宣說,按照連貫的方式一一解釋。 "將生於惡道"指將生於惡道。同樣,"將生於地獄"。"將住一劫"指將住一劫。"現在即使千佛也無法醫治"指無法醫治。 "愿世間任何人"指愿世間任何眾生都不要。"出生"指出生。"以名聲閃耀"指以名聲閃耀而立。"我聽說提婆達多"指我聽說世尊說"提婆達多是這樣的",就是根據這個說的。"他習慣於放逸"這裡"習慣於"指經常做,意思是說放逸沒有被斷除。"攻擊他"指帶著惡意接近,或者意思是說使之枯萎。"到達無間地獄"這是用過去時表示希望。"可怕的"指可怕的。 僧團分裂的論述結束。 優波離問題的論述
351.Ekato upāli ekoti dhammavādipakkhe eko. Ekato dveti adhammavādipakkhe dve. Catuttho anussāvetīti saṅghaṃ bhindissāmīti adhammavādicatuttho hutvā anussāveti; anunayanto sāveti 『『na tumhākaṃyeva narakabhayaṃ atthi, amhākampi atthi, na amhākaṃ avīcimaggo pihito, na mayaṃ akusalā na bhāyāma. Yadi hi ayaṃ adhammo avinayo asatthusāsanaṃ vā bhaveyya, na mayaṃ gaṇheyyāmā』』tiādinā nayena 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』ti evaṃ aṭṭhārasa bhedakaravatthūni bodhetīti attho. Salākaṃ gāhetīti evaṃ anussāvetvā pana 『『idaṃ gaṇhatha, idaṃ rocethā』』ti vadanto salākaṃ gāheti.
Ekato upāli dve hontītiādīsupi eseva nayo. Evaṃ kho upāli saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo cāti evaṃ hoti; na pana ettāvatā saṅgho bhinno hoti.
Bhikkhu kho upāli pakatatto samānasaṃvāsako samānasīmāyaṃ ṭhito saṅghaṃ bhindatīti ettha siyā evaṃ 『『devadatto kathaṃ pakatatto』』ti. Kathaṃ tāva na pakatatto, rañño ghātāpitattā ruhiruppādassa ca katattāti? Tattha vadāma – āṇattiyā tāva viraddhattā rañño ghātāpanaṃ natthi. 『『Tena hi tvaṃ, kumāra, pitaraṃ hantvā rājā hohi, ahaṃ bhagavantaṃ hantvā buddho bhavissāmī』』ti evañhi tassa āṇatti. Kumāro pana rājā hutvā pacchā pitaraṃ māresi; evaṃ tāva āṇattiyā viraddhattā rañño ghātāpanaṃ natthi. Ruhiruppāde pana katamatteyeva ruhiruppādapaccayā bhagavatā abhabbatā na vuttā, na ca sakkā bhagavato vacanaṃ vināyeva tassa abhabbatā āropetuṃ.
『『Ruhiruppādako, bhikkhave, anupasampanno na upasampādetabbo, upasampanno nāsetabbo』』ti –
Idaṃ pana bhagavatā saṅghabhedato pacchā vuttaṃ, tasmā pakatatteneva tena saṅgho bhinnoti.
Adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpentītiādīsu aṭṭhārasasu bhedakaravatthūsu suttantapariyāyena tāva dasa kusalakammapathā dhammo, dasa akusalakammapathā adhammo. Tathā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggoti sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhammā dhammo nāma; tayo satipaṭṭhānā , tayo sammappadhānā, tayo iddhipādā, cha indriyāni, cha balāni, aṭṭha bojjhaṅgā, navaṅgiko maggoti ca cattāro upādānā, pañca nīvaraṇā, satta anusayā, aṭṭha micchattāti ca ayaṃ adhammo.
Tattha yaṃkiñci ekaṃ adhammakoṭṭhāsaṃ gahetvā 『『imaṃ adhammaṃ dhammoti karissāma; evaṃ amhākaṃ ācariyakulaṃ nissāya niyyānikaṃ bhavissati, mayañca loke pākaṭā bhavissāmā』』ti taṃ adhammaṃ 『『dhammo aya』』nti kathayantā adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti nāma. Tatheva dhammakoṭṭhāsesu ca ekaṃ gahetvā ayaṃ adhammoti kathentā dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti nāma. Vinayapariyāyena pana bhūtena vatthunā codetvā sāretvā yathāpaṭiññāya kātabbaṃ kammaṃ dhammo nāma, abhūtena vatthunā acodetvā asāretvā apaṭiññāya kātabbaṃ kammaṃ adhammo nāma.
Suttantapariyāyena rāgavinayo dosavinayo mohavinayo saṃvaro pahānaṃ paṭisaṅkhāti ayaṃ vinayo nāma, rāgādīnaṃ avinayo asaṃvaro appahānaṃ appaṭisaṅkhāti ayaṃ avinayo nāma. Vinayapariyāyena vatthusampatti ñattisampatti anussāvanasampatti sīmāsampatti parisāsampattīti ayaṃ vinayo nāma, vatthuvipatti…pe… parisāvipattīti ayaṃ avinayo nāma.
"優波離,一邊一個"指法說一方一個。"一邊兩個"指非法說一方兩個。"第四個宣佈"指作為非法說的第四個人宣佈"我要分裂僧團";勸導宣說"你們不只有地獄的恐懼,我們也有,無間地獄的道路對我們並未關閉,我們不是不善的,我們不害怕。如果這是非法、非律、非佛陀的教導,我們就不會接受"等等,以這種方式說明"非法是法"等十八種分裂事項。"拿取投票"指這樣宣佈后,說"拿這個,喜歡這個"而拿取投票。 "優波離,一邊兩個"等也是同樣的道理。"優波離,這樣就有僧團的裂痕和分裂"指這樣就有了;但並不是說到這個程度僧團就分裂了。 "優波離,比丘是正常的,同住的,處在同一界內,分裂僧團"這裡可能會有這樣的疑問:"提婆達多怎麼是正常的呢?"為什麼不是正常的,因為他殺害國王和流佛血嗎?對此我們回答 - 首先,由於命令失敗,所以沒有殺害國王。因為他的命令是"那麼,王子啊,你殺父親當國王,我殺佛陀成佛"。但王子是在成為國王后才殺父親的;所以首先由於命令失敗,沒有殺害國王。至於流佛血,僅僅因為流血,世尊並沒有說他不能成佛,沒有世尊的話就不能斷定他不能成佛。 "比丘們,流佛血者未受具足戒不應受具足戒,已受具足戒應擯除" - 這是世尊在僧團分裂之後才說的,所以他是以正常身份分裂僧團的。 "說非法為法"等十八種分裂事項中,從經的角度來說,十善業道是法,十不善業道是非法。同樣,四念處、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八正道等三十七菩提分法是法;三念處、三正勤、三神足、六根、六力、八覺支、九支道,以及四取、五蓋、七隨眠、八邪性等是非法。 在這裡,拿任何一個非法部分說"我們要把這個非法說成法;這樣我們依靠師承就能解脫,我們也會在世間出名",這樣說非法為法就是"說非法為法"。同樣,拿法的部分說是非法,就是"說法為非法"。從律的角度來說,以真實的事由指責、提醒,按照承認而作的羯磨是法,以不真實的事由不指責、不提醒,不按承認而作的羯磨是非法。 從經的角度來說,調伏貪、調伏嗔、調伏癡、防護、斷除、觀察,這是律;不調伏貪等、不防護、不斷除、不觀察,這是非律。從律的角度來說,事成就、白成就、羯磨語成就、界成就、眾成就,這是律;事不成就...眾不成就,這是非律。
Suttantapariyāyena cattāro satipaṭṭhānā… aṭṭhaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena ; tayo satipaṭṭhānā, tayo sammappadhānā, tayo iddhipādā, cha indriyāni, cha balāni, aṭṭha bojjhaṅgā, navaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena. Vinayapariyāyena cattāro pārājikā, terasa saṅghādisesā, dve aniyatā, tiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena; tayo pārājikā, cuddasa saṅghādisesā, tayo aniyatā, ekattiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena.
Suttantapariyāyena devasikaṃ phalasamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ, mahākaruṇāsamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ, buddhacakkhunā lokavolokanaṃ, aṭṭhuppattivasena suttantadesanā, jātakakathāti idaṃ āciṇṇaṃ; na devasikaṃ phalasamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ…pe… na jātakakathāti idaṃ anāciṇṇaṃ. Vinayapariyāyena nimantitassa vassāvāsaṃ vasitvā apaloketvā cāriyapakkamanaṃ, pavāretvā cāriyapakkamanaṃ, āgantukehi saddhiṃ paṭhamaṃ paṭisanthārakaraṇanti idaṃ āciṇṇaṃ; tasseva āciṇṇassa akaraṇaṃ anāciṇṇaṃ nāma.
Suttantapariyāyena cattāro satipaṭṭhānā…pe… aṭṭhaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ paññattaṃ nāma; tayo satipaṭṭhānā…pe… navaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ apaññattaṃ nāma. Vinayapariyāyena cattāro pārājikā…pe… tiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ paññattaṃ nāma; tayo pārājikā…pe… ekattiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ apaññattaṃ nāma.
『『Anāpatti ajānantassa, atheyyacittassa, na maraṇādhippāyassa, anullapanādhippāyassa, na mocanādhippāyassā』』ti tattha tattha vuttā anāpatti anāpatti nāma. 『『Jānantassa, theyyacittassā』』tiādinā nayena vuttā āpatti āpatti nāma. Pañcāpattikkhandhā lahukāpatti nāma, dve āpattikkhandhā garukāpatti nāma. Cha āpattikkhandhā sāvasesāpatti nāma, eko pārājikāpattikkhandho anavasesāpatti nāma. Dve āpattikkhandhā duṭṭhullāpatti nāma, pañcāpattikkhandhā aduṭṭhullāpatti nāma.
Purimanayeneva panettha vuttappakāraṃ dhammaṃ 『『adhammo aya』』nti kathayantā 『『dhammaṃ adhammo』』ti dīpenti nāma. Avinayaṃ 『『vinayo aya』』nti…pe… aduṭṭhullāpattiṃ 『『duṭṭhullāpatti aya』』nti kathayantā 『『aduṭṭhullāpattiṃ duṭṭhullāpattī』』ti dīpenti nāma. Evaṃ 『『adhammaṃ dhammo』』ti vā…pe… 『『aduṭṭhullāpattiṃ duṭṭhullāpattī』』ti vā dīpetvā pakkhaṃ labhitvā catunnaṃ saṅghakammānaṃ aññataraṃ saṅghakammaṃ ekasīmāyaṃ visuṃ karontehi saṅgho bhinno nāma hoti. Tena vuttaṃ – 『『te imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi apakassantī』』tiādi.
Tattha apakassantīti parisaṃ ākaḍḍhanti, vijaṭenti, ekamantaṃ ussārenti ca. Avapakāsantīti ati viya pakāsenti yathā visaṃsaṭṭhāva honti, evaṃ karonti. Āveninti visuṃ. Ettāvatā kho upāli saṅgho bhinno hotīti evaṃ aṭṭhārasasu bhedakaravatthūsu yaṃkiñci ekampi vatthuṃ dīpetvā tena tena kāraṇena 『『imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā』』ti saññāpetvā salākaṃ gāhāpetvā visuṃ saṅghakamme kate saṅgho bhinno hoti. Parivāre pana 『『pañcahi upāli ākārehi saṅgho bhijjatī』』tiādi vuttaṃ, tassa iminā idha vuttena saṅghabhedalakkhaṇena atthato nānākaraṇaṃ natthi. Taṃ panassa nānākaraṇābhāvaṃ tattheva pakāsayissāma. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
Upālipañhākathā niṭṭhitā.
Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Suttantapariyāyena cattāro satipaṭṭhānā… aṭṭhaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena; tayo satipaṭṭhānā, tayo sammappadhānā, tayo iddhipādā, cha indriyāni, cha balāni, aṭṭha bojjhaṅgā, navaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena. Vinayapariyāyena cattāro pārājikā, terasa saṅghādisesā, dve aniyatā, tiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena; tayo pārājikā, cuddasa saṅghādisesā, tayo aniyatā, ekattiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena. Suttantapariyāyena devasikaṃ phalasamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ, mahākaruṇāsamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ, buddhacakkhunā lokavolokanaṃ, aṭṭhuppattivasena suttantadesanā, jātakakathāti idaṃ āciṇṇaṃ; na devasikaṃ phalasamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ…pe… na jātakakathāti idaṃ anāciṇṇaṃ. Vinayapariyāyena nimantitassa vassāvāsaṃ vasitvā apaloketvā cāriyapakkamanaṃ, pavāretvā cāriyapakkamanaṃ, āgantukehi saddhiṃ paṭhamaṃ paṭisanthārakaraṇanti idaṃ āciṇṇaṃ; tasseva āciṇṇassa akaraṇaṃ anāciṇṇaṃ nāma. Suttantapariyāyena cattāro satipaṭṭhānā…pe… aṭṭhaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ paññattaṃ nāma; tayo satipaṭṭhānā…pe… navaṅgiko maggoti idaṃ apaññattaṃ nāma. Vinayapariyāyena cattāro pārājikā…pe… tiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ paññattaṃ nāma; tayo pārājikā…pe… ekattiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti idaṃ apaññattaṃ nāma. "無知者無過失, 不應有死亡的意圖, 不應有放棄的意圖, 不應有解脫的意圖"等處所說的無過失無過失。 "有知者, 有意圖"等所說的過失過失。五種過失的部分是輕過失, 兩種過失的部分是重過失。六種過失的部分是有餘過失, 一種過失的部分是無餘過失。兩種過失的部分是惡行過失, 五種過失的部分是非惡行過失。 按照前面的說法, 說"這是非法"的同時, 說"法是非法"。不如法的"這是律"…pe… 非惡行過失的"這是惡行過失"的同時, 說"非惡行過失是惡行過失"。因此, 說"非法是法"或…pe…"非惡行過失是惡行過失"的同時得到了立場, 在四種僧團事務中, 任何一種僧團事務在同一界限內分裂。 因此說 - "他們因這十八種分裂事項而不再合一"等。 在這裡, "不再合一"指的是將團體拉開、分散、單獨抬起等。 "分開"指的是像分開一樣, 就像被分開一樣, 這樣做。 "完全"指的是完全的。至此, 優波離, 僧團就分裂了; 因此在十八種分裂事項中, 任何一個事項被提及, 以此為原因"拿這個, 喜歡這個"的方式, 令其認同並拿取投票, 在所有的僧團事務中, 僧團就分裂了。在隨行的部分中, "以五種優波離的方式, 僧團就會分裂"等說法, 在這裡根據所說的僧團分裂的特徵, 事實上沒有任何分裂的情況。對此, 我們將揭示沒有分裂的情況。其餘部分在其他地方都可以找到。 優波離問題的論述結束。 僧團分裂部分的論述結束。
- Vattakkhandhakaṃ
Āgantukavattakathā
- Vattakkhandhake idāni ārāmaṃ pavisissāmīti iminā upacārasīmasamīpaṃ dasseti; tasmā upacārasīmaṃ patvā upāhanāomuñcanādi sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ. Gahetvāti upāhanadaṇḍakena gahetvā. Paṭikkamantīti sannipatanti. Vissajjetabbanti pattharitabbaṃ. Gocaro pucchitabboti 『『gocaragāmo āsanne udāhu dūre, kālasseva piṇḍāya caritabbaṃ udāhu divā』』ti evaṃ bhikkhācāro pucchitabbo. Agocaro nāma micchādiṭṭhikānaṃ vā gāmo paricchinnabhikkho vā gāmo; yattha ekassa vā dvinnaṃ vā bhikkhā diyyati, sopi pucchitabbo. Pānīyaṃ pucchitabbanti 『『kiṃ imissā pokkharaṇiyā pānīyaṃyeva pivanti, nahānādiparibhogampi karontī』』ti evaṃ pānīyañceva paribhojanīyañca pucchitabbaṃ. Kesuci ṭhānesu vāḷamigā vā amanussā vā honti, tasmā 『『kaṃ kālaṃ pavisitabbaṃ, kaṃ kālaṃ nikkhamitabba』』nti pucchitabbaṃ.
Bahi ṭhitenāti bahi nikkhamantassa ahino vā amanussassa vā maggaṃ datvā ṭhitena nilloketabbo. Sace ussahati sodhetabboti yadi sakkoti, sabbo vihāro sodhetabbo. Asakkontena attano vasanokāso jaggitabbo. Sabbaṃ sodhetuṃ sakkontassa pana dassite vihārasodhanavatte vinicchayo mahākhandhake vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
Āgantukavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Āvāsikavattakathā
- Āvāsikavatte – āsanaṃ paññapetabbanti evamādi sabbaṃ vuḍḍhatare āgate cīvarakammaṃ vā navakammaṃ vā ṭhapetvāpi kātabbaṃ. Cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjantena sammajjaniṃ nikkhipitvā tassa vattaṃ kātuṃ ārabhitabbaṃ. Paṇḍito hi āgantuko 『『sammajjāhi tāva cetiyaṅgaṇa』』nti vakkhati. Gilānabhesajjaṃ karontena pana sace nātiāturo gilāno hoti, bhesajjaṃ akatvā vattameva kātabbaṃ. Mahāgilānassa pana bhesajjameva kātabbaṃ. Paṇḍito hi āgantuko 『『karohi tāva bhesajja』』nti vakkhati. Pānīyena pucchantena sace sakiṃ ānītaṃ pānīyaṃ sabbaṃ pivati , 『『puna ānemī』』ti pucchitabboyeva. Apica bījanenapi bījitabbo, bījantena sakiṃ pādapiṭṭhiyaṃ bījitvā sakiṃ majjhe sakiṃ sīse bījitabbaṃ, 『『alaṃ hotū』』ti vuttena tato mandataraṃ bījitabbaṃ. Puna 『『ala』』nti vuttena tato mandataraṃ bījitabbaṃ. Tatiyavāraṃ vuttena bījanī ṭhapetabbā. Pādāpissa dhovitabbā, dhovitvā sace attano telaṃ atthi, tena makkhetabbā. No ce atthi, tassa santakena makkhetabbā. Upāhanāpuñchanaṃ pana attano rucivasena kātabbaṃ. Teneva hettha 『『sace ussahatī』』ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā upāhanā apuñchantassāpi anāpatti. 『『Kattha mayhaṃ senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti pucchitena senāsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, 『『etaṃ tumhākaṃ senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī』』ti evaṃ ācikkhitabbanti attho. Papphoṭetvā hi pattharituṃ pana vaṭṭatiyeva.
Navakassa vatte – pānīyaṃ ācikkhitabbanti 『『etaṃ pānīyaṃ gahetvā pivāhī』』ti ācikkhitabbaṃ. Paribhojanīyepi eseva nayo. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva. Mahāāvāsepi attano santikaṃ sampattassa āgantukassa vattaṃ akātuṃ na labhati.
Āvāsikavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Gamikavattakathā
行為部分 關於客人行為的論述 在行為部分中,"現在我將進入寺院"這句話表示接近界限附近;因此到達界限時,應該脫鞋等做所有事情。"拿著"指用鞋架拿著。"退下"指聚集。"應該散開"指應該鋪開。"應該詢問行處"指應該這樣詢問乞食處:"乞食村是在近處還是遠處,應該早晨去乞食還是中午?"。"非行處"指邪見者的村莊或限制乞食的村莊;即使只給一兩位比丘食物的村莊也應詢問。"應該詢問飲用水"指應該這樣詢問飲用水和使用水:"是隻喝這個池塘的水,還是也用來洗澡等?"。有些地方有野獸或非人,所以應該詢問"什麼時候進入,什麼時候出來"。 "站在外面"指站在外面給蛇或非人讓路后觀察。"如果能夠應該清潔"指如果能夠,應該清潔整個寺院。如果不能,應該照顧自己的住處。對於能夠清潔所有地方的人,在顯示寺院清潔行為時,應該按照大品中所說的方法理解。 關於客人行為的論述結束。 關於住寺者行為的論述 在住寺者行為中 - "應該準備座位"等所有這些,即使是在做衣服或新工作時,對年長者來也應該做。掃院子的人應該放下掃帚開始做他的行為。聰明的客人會說"請先掃院子"。正在為病人準備藥物的人,如果病人不是很重,應該不做藥物而做行為。但對於重病人應該做藥物。聰明的客人會說"請先做藥物"。詢問飲用水的人,如果一次帶來的水全部喝完,應該問"我再帶來嗎?"。而且還應該用扇子扇,扇的時候應該先扇一下腳背,再扇一下中間,再扇一下頭。如果說"夠了",就應該扇得更輕一些。如果再說"夠了",就應該扇得更輕一些。第三次說時應該放下扇子。還應該洗他的腳,洗完如果自己有油就應該塗抹,如果沒有就應該用他的塗抹。擦鞋子則應該根據自己的喜好來做。因此這裡說"如果能夠"。所以不擦鞋子也不犯戒。被問到"我的住處在哪裡"時應該準備住處,意思是應該這樣告知"這是您的住處"。拍打后再鋪開是可以的。 在新來者的行為中 - "應該指出飲用水"指應該這樣指出"拿這個水來喝"。對於使用水也是同樣的方法。其餘的和前面一樣。即使在大寺院裡,對來到自己身邊的客人也不能不做行為。 關於住寺者行為的論述結束。 關於出發者行為的論述
- Gamikavattesu dārubhaṇḍanti senāsanakkhandhake vuttaṃ mañcapīṭhādi. Mattikābhaṇḍampi rajanabhājanādi sabbaṃ tattha vuttappabhedameva. Taṃ sabbaṃ aggisālāya vā aññatarasmiṃ vā guttaṭṭhāne paṭisāmetvā gantabbaṃ. Anovassake pabbhārepi ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Senāsanaṃ āpucchitabbanti ettha yaṃ pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyaṃ vā pāsāṇatthambhesu vā katasenāsanaṃ, yattha upacikā nārohanti, taṃ anāpucchantassāpi anāpatti. Catūsu pāsāṇakesūtiādi upacikānaṃ uppattiṭṭhāne paṇṇasālādisenāsane kattabbākāradassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Appeva nāma aṅgānipi seseyyunti ayaṃ ajjhokāse ṭhapitamhi ānisaṃso. Ovassakagehe pana tiṇesu ca mattikāpiṇḍesu ca upari patantesu mañcapīṭhānaṃ aṅgānipi vinassanti.
Gamikavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Anumodanavattakathā
- Anumodanavatthusmiṃ iddhaṃ ahosīti sampannaṃ ahosi. Catūhi pañcahīti saṅghattherena anumodanatthāya nisinne heṭṭhā paṭipāṭiyā catūhi nisīditabbaṃ. Anuthere nisinne mahātherena ca heṭṭhā ca tīhi nisīditabbaṃ. Pañcame nisinne upari catūhi nisīditabbaṃ. Saṅghattherena heṭṭhā daharabhikkhusmiṃ ajjhiṭṭhepi saṅghattherato paṭṭhāya catūhi nisīditabbameva. Sace pana anumodako bhikkhu 『『gacchatha bhante, āgametabbakiccaṃ natthī』』ti vadati, gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Mahātherena 『『gacchāma āvuso』』ti vutte 『『gacchathā』』ti vadati, evampi vaṭṭati. 『『Bahigāme āgamessāmā』』ti ābhogaṃ katvāpi bahigāmaṃ gantvā attano nissitake 『『tumhe tassa āgamanaṃ āgamethā』』ti vatvāpi gantuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Sace pana manussā attano rucikena ekena anumodanaṃ kārenti, neva tassa anumodato āpatti, na mahātherassa bhāro hoti. Upanisinnakathāyameva hi manussesu kathāpentesu mahāthero āpucchitabbo, mahātherena ca anumodanāya ajjhiṭṭhova āgametabboti idamettha lakkhaṇaṃ. Vaccitoti sañjātavacco; vaccapīḷitoti adhippāyo.
Anumodanavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Bhattaggavattakathā
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 360. 關於行者的職責中,"木製物品"是指在住處篇中所說的床、椅等。陶製物品也包括染色容器等,所有這些都是在那裡提到的各種物品。所有這些都應該收藏在火堂或其他安全的地方后再離開。放在不漏雨的巖洞里也可以。"應該告別住處"這裡,如果是建在石板上或石柱上的住處,白蟻爬不上去的,即使不告別也無罪。"在四個石頭上"等等是爲了說明在白蟻可能出現的地方如何建造葉屋等住處。"也許還會剩下一些部件"這是指放在露天的好處。但是在漏雨的房子里,草和泥土掉落在上面時,床椅的部件也會損壞。 行者職責的解釋結束。 隨喜職責的解釋 362. 在隨喜的事項中,"豐盛"是指圓滿。"四五位"是指當僧團長老坐下準備隨喜時,下面應該按順序坐四位。如果是次長老坐下,大長老和下面三位應該坐下。如果是第五位坐下,上面四位應該坐下。即使僧團長老邀請下面的年輕比丘,也應該從僧團長老開始四位坐下。但是如果做隨喜的比丘說"請走吧,尊者們,不需要等待了",那麼可以離開。如果大長老說"我們走吧,朋友",他回答說"請走吧",這樣也可以。即使決定"我們將在村外等待",去到村外后對自己的弟子們說"你們等他來"后離開也是可以的。但是如果在家人按自己的意願請一位比丘做隨喜,那個做隨喜的比丘沒有過失,大長老也沒有責任。因為只有在在家人請求坐近的比丘說法時,才應該請示大長老,大長老也只有在被邀請隨喜時才應該等待,這就是這裡的規則。"想大便"是指產生大便的慾望,意思是被大便所迫。 隨喜職責的解釋結束。 齋堂職責的解釋
- Bhattaggavatte 『『antogāmo vā hotu vihāro vā, manussānaṃ parivesanaṭṭhānaṃ gacchantena cīvaraṃ pārupitvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhanameva vaṭṭatī』』ti aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajjāti there bhikkhū atiallīyitvā na nisīditabbaṃ. Sace mahātherassa nisinnāsanena samakaṃ āsanaṃ hoti, bahūsu āsanesu sati ekaṃ dve āsanāni ṭhapetvā nisīditabbaṃ. Bhikkhū gaṇetvā paññattāsanesu anisīditvā mahātherena nisīdāti vuttena nisīditabbaṃ. No ce mahāthero vadati, 『『idaṃ, bhante, āsanaṃ ucca』』nti vattabbaṃ. 『『Nisīdā』』ti vutte nisīditabbaṃ. Sace pana evaṃ āpucchitepi na vadati, nisīdantassa anāpatti; mahātherasseva āpatti. Navako hi evarūpe āsane anāpucchā nisīdanto āpajjati, thero āpucchite ananujānanto. Na saṅghāṭiṃ ottharitvāti na saṅghāṭiṃ avattharitvā nisīditabbaṃ.
Ubhohihatthehīti pattadhovanaudakaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Dakkhiṇodakaṃ pana purato ādhārake pattaṃ ṭhapetvā gahetabbaṃ. Sādhukanti udakasaddaṃ akarontena.
Sūpassa okāsoti yathā sūpassa okāso hoti; evaṃ mattāya odano gaṇhitabboti attho. Samakaṃ sampādehīti idaṃ na kevalaṃ sappiādīsuyeva odanepi vattabbaṃ. Sappiādīsu pana yaṃ appaṃ hoti ekassa vā dvinnaṃ vā anurūpakaṃ, taṃ sabbesaṃ samakaṃ sampādehīti vutte manussānaṃ vihasā hoti, tasmā tādisaṃ sakiṃ vā dvikkhattuṃ vā gahetvā sesaṃ na gahetabbaṃ.
Na tāva therena bhuñjitabbanti idaṃ yaṃ paricchinnabhikkhukaṃ bhattaggaṃ, yattha manussā sabbesaṃ pāpetvā dātukāmā honti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana mahābhattaggaṃ hoti, yattha ekasmiṃ padese bhuñjanti, ekasmiṃ padese udakaṃ diyyati, tattha yathāsukhaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ.
Na tāva udakanti idaṃ hatthadhovanaudakaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Antarā pipāsitena pana gale vilaggāmisena vā pānīyaṃ pivitvā hatthā na dhovitabbā. Sace manussā 『『dhovatha bhante pattañca hatthe cā』』ti vadanti, bhikkhū vā 『『tumhe udakaṃ gaṇhathā』』ti vadanti, vaṭṭati.
Nivattantenāti bhattaggato uṭṭhāya nivattantena saṅghena evaṃ nivattitabbanti dasseti. Kathaṃ? 『『Navakehī』』ti sabbaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sambādhesu hi gharesu mahātherānaṃ nikkhamanokāso na hoti, tasmā evaṃ vuttaṃ. Evaṃ nivattantehi pana navakehi gehadvāre ṭhatvā theresu nikkhantesu paṭipāṭiyā gantabbaṃ. Sace pana mahātherā dhure nisinnā honti, navakā antogehe , therāsanato paṭṭhāya paṭipāṭiyā eva nikkhamitabbaṃ. Kāyena kāyaṃ aghaṭṭentena yathā antarena manussā gantuṃ sakkonti, evaṃ viraḷāya paṭipāṭiyā gantabbaṃ.
Bhattaggavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Piṇḍacārikavattakathā
- Piṇḍacārikavatte – kammaṃ vā nikkhipatīti kappāsaṃ vā suppaṃ vā musalaṃ vā yaṃ gahetvā kammaṃ karonti, ṭhitā vā nisinnā vā honti, taṃ nikkhipati . Na ca bhikkhādāyikāyāti itthī vā hotu puriso vā, bhikkhādānasamaye mukhaṃ na ulloketabbaṃ.
Piṇḍacārikavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Āraññikavattakathā
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 364. 關於齋堂職責,「無論是住處還是寺院,凡是人們前往的地方,穿著袈裟的身體束縛都是必要的」,如註釋中所述。長老比丘不應在不適當的地方坐下;如果與大長老的坐位相同,應在多個坐位中留出一兩個坐位來坐下。比丘應在指定的坐位上坐下,不能在大長老旁邊坐下。如果大長老說:「尊者,這個坐位太高了」,應當如是說:「請坐下。」如果在這樣詢問后不作回答,坐下的人沒有過失;只有大長老有過失。因為新來的人在這種坐位上不詢問而坐下,會有過失,而長老在詢問后不允許也是如此。不能抬起袈裟,也不能將袈裟放下坐下。 「兩個手」是指洗碗的水。至於右邊的水,應該在前面放置碗來接水。用「好」來表示水的意思。 「如同盛裝的地方」是指盛裝的地方;同樣,米飯應被計算在內。相等的分配,這不僅僅適用於酥油等,也應適用於米飯等。至於酥油等,如果少量適合一人或兩人,那麼所有人應當相等地分配,這樣人們就會感到愉快,因此不應只拿一小份或兩小份而不拿其他。 「長老不應食用」是指在有限的比丘的齋堂中,那裡人們想要將食物分給所有人,這裡指的是這個意思。而當是大齋堂時,那裡一處用餐,水也可以分給一處,那裡應隨意用餐。 「不是水」是指洗手的水。若是渴望飲水,則不應用手洗碗后飲水。如果人們說:「請洗吧,尊者,碗也要洗」,或比丘說:「你們取水吧」,這樣是可以的。 「從齋堂起身」是指從齋堂起身後,應該如是迴轉。如何迴轉?「新來者」是指所有人都應被看見。在家中,長老的離開機會並不多,因此如此說。這樣,從齋堂起身的新來者應站在家門口,待長老離開后按順序離開。如果大長老坐在主位上,新來者應從大長老身邊開始按順序離開。身體與身體相撞時,如同人們能離開一樣,應當按順序離開。 齋堂職責的解釋結束。 行乞職責的解釋 366. 關於行乞職責——「放下工作」是指放下工作或放下食物、杵等,抓住後進行工作,站著或坐著都可以,便放下。並且在乞食時,不論是女性還是男性,在乞食的時間內不應抬頭看。 行乞職責的解釋結束。 林中職責的解釋
- Āraññikavatte – senāsanā otaritabbanti vasanaṭṭhānato nikkhamitabbaṃ.
Pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvāti ettha sace bahigāme udakaṃ natthi, antogāmeyeva bhattakiccaṃ katvā atha bahigāme atthi, bahigāme bhattakiccaṃ katvā patto dhovitvā vodako katvā thavikāya pakkhipitabbo.
Paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbanti sace bhājanāni nappahonti, pānīyameva paribhojanīyampi katvā upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Bhājanaṃ alabhantena veḷunāḷikāyapi upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Tampi alabhantassa yathā samīpe udakaāvāṭo hoti, evaṃ kātabbaṃ. Araṇisahite sati aggiṃ akātumpi vaṭṭati . Yathā ca āraññikassa, evaṃ kantārappaṭipannassāpi araṇisahitaṃ icchitabbaṃ. Gaṇavāsino pana tena vināpi vaṭṭati. Nakkhattāneva nakkhattapadāni.
Āraññikavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Senāsanavattakathā
- Senāsanavatte – dvāraṃ nāma yasmā mahāvaḷañjaṃ, tasmā tattha āpucchanakiccaṃ natthi, sesāni pana uddesadānādīni āpucchitvāva kātabbāni. Devasikampi āpucchituṃ vaṭṭati. Athāpi 『『bhante āpucchitameva hotū』』ti vutte vuḍḍhataro 『『sādhū』』ti sampaṭicchati, sayameva vā 『『tvaṃ yathāsukhaṃ viharāhī』』ti vadati; evampi vaṭṭati. Sabhāgassa vissāsenāpi vaṭṭatiyeva. Yena vuḍḍho tena parivattitabbanti vuḍḍhābhimukhena parivattitabbaṃ. Bhojanasālādīsupi evameva paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
Senāsanavattakathā niṭṭhitā.
Jantāgharavattādikathā
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Jantāgharavatte – paribhaṇḍanti bahijagati.
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Ācamanavatthusmiṃ – sati udaketi ettha sace udakaṃ atthi, paṭicchannaṭṭhānaṃ pana natthi, bhājanena nīharitvā ācamitabbaṃ. Bhājane asati pattena nīharitabbaṃ. Pattepi asati asantaṃ nāma hoti. 『『Idaṃ ativivaṭaṃ purato aññaṃ udakaṃ bhavissatī』』ti gatassa udakaṃ alabhantasseva bhikkhācāravelā hoti, kaṭṭhena vā kenaci vā puñchitvā gantabbaṃ, bhuñjitumpi anumodanampi kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Āgatapaṭipāṭiyāti vaccakuṭiyaṃ passāvaṭṭhāne nhānatittheti tīsupi āgatapaṭipāṭiyeva pamāṇaṃ.
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Vaccakuṭivatte – na dantakaṭṭhaṃ khādantenāti ayaṃ vaccakuṭiyāpi avaccakuṭiyāpi sabbattheva paṭikkhepo. Na pharusena kaṭṭhenāti phālitakaṭṭhena vā kharena vā gaṇṭhikena vā kaṇṭakena vā susirena vā pūtinā vā na avalekhitabbaṃ. Avalekhanakaṭṭhaṃ pana aggahetvā paviṭṭhassa āpatti natthi.
Na ācamanasarāvaketi sabbasādhāraṇaṭṭhānaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Tatra hi aññe aññe āgacchanti, tasmā udakaṃ na sesetabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana saṅghikepi vihāre ekadese nibaddhagamanatthāya kataṃ ṭhānaṃ hoti puggalikaṭṭhānaṃ vā, tasmiṃ vaṭṭati. Virecanaṃ pivitvā punappunaṃ pavisantassāpi vaṭṭatiyeva.
Ūhatāti ūhaditā; bahi vaccamakkhitāti attho. Dhovitabbāti udakaṃ āharitvā dhovitabbā. Udakaṃ atthi, bhājanaṃ natthi, asantaṃ nāma hoti. Bhājanaṃ atthi, udakaṃ natthi, etampi asantaṃ. Ubhaye pana asati asantameva, kaṭṭhena vā kenaci vā puñchitvā gantabbaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
Jantāgharavattādikathā niṭṭhitā.
Vattakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakaṃ
Pātimokkhuddesayācanakathā
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 368. 關於林中職責 - "應從住處下來"意思是應該離開居住的地方。 "將缽放入袋中"這裡,如果村外沒有水,應該在村內完成用餐,然後如果村外有水,就在村外完成用餐,洗缽,擦乾後放入袋中。 "應準備飲用水"如果容器不夠,應該將飲用水也作為用水準備好。如果沒有容器,也可以用竹筒準備。如果連這個也沒有,應該在附近挖一個水坑。如果有鉆木取火工具,不生火也可以。就像林居者一樣,穿越荒野的人也應該準備鉆木取火工具。但是群居的人沒有這個也可以。星座就是星座的位置。 林中職責的解釋結束。 住處職責的解釋 369. 關於住處職責 - 門因為是公共使用的,所以不需要請示。但其他如分配住處等事項都應該請示后再做。每天請示也可以。如果有人說"尊者,就當已經請示過了",年長者回答"好的"同意了,或者自己說"你隨意住吧";這樣也可以。對熟悉的人也可以不請示。"應該朝向長者"意思是應該面向長者轉身。在食堂等處也應該這樣做。 住處職責的解釋結束。 浴室職責等的解釋 371. 關於浴室職責 - "周圍"是指外圍的墻。 373. 關於洗凈職責 - "如果有水"這裡,如果有水但沒有隱蔽處,應該用容器取水來洗凈。如果沒有容器,應該用缽取水。如果連缽也沒有,就算是沒有水。如果想"這裡太開放了,前面應該有水"而去找水,但找不到水而錯過了乞食時間,應該用木頭或其他東西擦拭后離開,可以吃飯也可以做隨喜。"按到達的順序"在廁所、小便處、浴場這三個地方都是按到達的順序為準。 374. 關於廁所職責 - "不應嚼牙籤"這個禁止適用於廁所和非廁所的所有地方。"不應用粗糙的木頭"意思是不應該用裂開的、粗糙的、有節的、有刺的、有孔的或腐爛的木頭擦拭。但是沒有拿擦拭用的木頭就進去的人沒有過失。 "不應在洗凈用的碗里"這是針對所有公共場所而言的。因為那裡會有其他人來,所以不應留下水。但是如果在僧團的寺院裡有專門用來經常去的地方,或者是個人的地方,那裡是可以的。服用瀉藥后反覆進出的人也是可以的。 "沾上"是指沾上了;意思是外面沾上了糞便。"應該洗"是指應該取水來洗。如果有水但沒有容器,就算是沒有。如果有容器但沒有水,這也算是沒有。如果兩者都沒有就更是沒有了,應該用木頭或其他東西擦拭后離開。其餘的在各處都很清楚。 浴室職責等的解釋結束。 職責篇的解釋結束。 中止誦戒篇 請求誦戒的解釋
- Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhake – (nandimukhiyā rattiyāti aruṇuṭṭhitakālepi hi nandimukhā viya ratti khāyati. Tenāha 『『nandimukhiyā rattiyā』』ti. Antopūtinti attacittasantāne kilesapūtibhāvena antopūtiṃ. Avassutanti kilesavassanavasena avassutaṃ. Kasambukajātanti ākiṇṇadosatāya saṃkiliṭṭhajātaṃ.) Yāva bāhāgahaṇāpi nāmāti 『『aparisuddhā ānanda parisā』』ti vacanaṃ sutvāyeva hi tena pakkamitabbaṃ siyā, evaṃ apakkamitvā yāva bāhāgahaṇāpi nāma so moghapuriso āgamessati, acchariyamidanti dasseti.
384.Na āyatakeneva papātoti na paṭhamameva gambhīro; anupubbena gambhīroti attho. Ṭhitadhammo velaṃ nātivattatīti vīcīnaṃ osakkanakandaraṃ mariyādavelaṃ nātikkamati. Tīraṃ vāhetīti tīrato appeti; ussāretīti attho. Aññāpaṭivedhoti arahattappatti.
385.Channamativassatīti āpattiṃ āpajjitvā paṭicchādento aññaṃ navaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati idametaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Vivaṭaṃ nātivassatīti āpattiṃ āpajjitvā vivaranto aññaṃ nāpajjati idametaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
Pātimokkhuddesayācanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Pātimokkhasavanārahakathā
386.Ṭhapitaṃhoti pātimokkhanti ettha pure vā pacchā vā ṭhapitampi aṭṭhapitaṃ hoti, khette ṭhapitameva pana ṭhapitaṃ nāma hoti. Tasmā 『『suṇātu me, bhante saṅgho, ajjuposatho pannaraso, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho uposathaṃ kareyyā』』ti ettha yāva re-kāraṃ bhaṇati, tāva ṭhapetabbaṃ, idañhi khettaṃ. Yya-kāre pana vutte ṭhapentena pacchā ṭhapitaṃ nāma hoti. 『『Suṇātu me』』ti anāraddheyeva ṭhapentena pure ṭhapitaṃ hoti.
Pātimokkhasavanārahakathā niṭṭhitā.
Dhammikādhammikapātimokkhaṭṭhapanakathā
387.Amūlikāyasīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṃ ṭhapeti akatāyāti tena puggalena sā vipatti katā vā hotu akatā vā, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakassa saññāamūlikavasena amūlikā hoti. Katākatāyāti katañca akatañca ubhayaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ.
Dhammikaṃ sāmaggiṃ na upetīti kammaṃ kopetukāmatāya saṅghassa kamme karīyamāne neva āgacchati, na chandaṃ deti, sammukhībhūtova paṭikkosati, tena dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati. Iccassāpi sāpattikasseva pātimokkhaṃ ṭhapitaṃ hoti. Paccādiyatīti 『『puna kātabbaṃ kamma』』nti paccādiyati, tena ukkoṭanakena pācittiyaṃ āpajjati. Iccassāpi sāpattikasseva pātimokkhaṃ ṭhapitaṃ hoti.
Dhammikādhammikapātimokkhaṭṭhapanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Dhammikapātimokkhaṭṭhapanakathā
388.Yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehīti ettha maggenamaggapaṭipādanādīsu ākārādisaññā veditabbā. Tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāyāti ettha diṭṭhañca sutañca pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva. Sace pana tehi diṭṭhasutehi parisaṅkaṃ uppādeyya, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ 『『tāya parisaṅkāyā』』ti.
Dhammikapātimokkhaṭṭhapanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Attādānaaṅgakathā
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 383. 在中止誦戒篇中 - (在歡喜之夜意思是即使在黎明時分,夜晚也顯得像是歡喜的。因此說"在歡喜之夜"。內心腐敗是指在自己的心相續中因煩惱而腐敗。漏泄是指因煩惱流出而漏泄。變得骯髒是指因充滿過失而變得污穢。)甚至還要抓住手臂意思是聽到"阿難,僧團不清凈"這句話后,他本應該離開,但沒有離開,那個愚人竟然還要等到被抓住手臂,這真是不可思議。 384. 不是一開始就很深意思是不是一開始就很深;意思是逐漸變深。穩定的法不會超過界限意思是波浪退潮的深溝不會超過邊界。衝向岸邊意思是從岸邊衝出去;意思是上升。證悟意思是證得阿羅漢果。 385. 遮蓋則會漏雨意思是犯戒后隱藏,又會犯新的戒,這是針對這種情況而說的。開放則不會漏雨意思是犯戒后坦白,不會再犯,這是針對這種情況而說的。 請求誦戒的解釋結束。 關於適合聽誦戒的解釋 386. 誦戒被中止這裡,無論之前還是之後被中止都不算中止,只有在適當時機中止才算是中止。因此,"請聽我說,尊者們,今天是十五日布薩,如果僧團已準備好,僧團應該舉行布薩",在這裡直到說到"re"音之前都可以中止,因為這是適當時機。但是如果在說"yya"音之後中止,就算是之後中止。如果在"請聽我說"還沒開始時就中止,就算是之前中止。 關於適合聽誦戒的解釋結束。 如法與非法中止誦戒的解釋 387. 以無根據的戒行敗壞中止誦戒,無論那個人是否真的犯了那個過失,對中止誦戒的人來說,因為認為是無根據的,所以是無根據的。已做和未做是指包括已做和未做兩種情況。 不參與如法的和合意思是因為想破壞羯磨,在僧團進行羯磨時既不來參加,也不表示同意,即使親自到場也反對,因此犯突吉羅。這樣他也是有罪的,誦戒對他被中止。重新審議意思是說"羯磨應該重新舉行",因此犯波逸提。這樣他也是有罪的,誦戒對他被中止。 如法與非法中止誦戒的解釋結束。 如法中止誦戒的解釋 388. 以何種形式、何種標誌、何種徵兆這裡,在指示正道非道等情況下,應該理解形式等的含義。以所見、所聞、所疑這裡,所見和所聞在經文中已經提到。如果因為所見所聞而產生懷疑,這就是所說的"所疑"。 如法中止誦戒的解釋結束。 自己承擔的條件的解釋
398.Attādānaṃ ādātukāmenāti ettha sāsanaṃ sodhetukāmo bhikkhu yaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ attanā ādiyati, taṃ attādānanti vuccati. Akālo imaṃ attādānaṃ ādātunti ettha rājabhayaṃ corabhayaṃ dubbhikkhabhayaṃ vassārattoti ayaṃ akālo, viparīto kālo.
Abhūtaṃ idaṃ attādānanti asantamidaṃ, mayā adhammo vā dhammoti, dhammo vā adhammoti, avinayo vā vinayoti, vinayo vā avinayoti, dussīlo vā puggalo sīlavāti, sīlavā vā dussīloti gahitoti attho; vipariyāyena bhūtaṃ veditabbaṃ. Anatthasaṃhitaṃ idaṃ attādānanti ettha yaṃ jīvitantarāyāya vā brahmacariyantarāyāya vā saṃvattati, idaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, viparītaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ nāma.
Na labhissāmi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhūti appekadā hi rājabhayādīsu evarūpā attano pakkhassa upatthambhakā bhikkhū laddhuṃ na sakkā honti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ 『『na labhissāmī』』ti . Appekadā pana khemasubhikkhādīsu laddhuṃ sakkā honti, taṃ sandhāya 『『labhissāmī』』ti vuttaṃ.
Bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṃ bhaṇḍananti kosambakānaṃ viya bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo ca bhavissatīti. Pacchāpi avippaṭisārakaraṃ bhavissatīti subhaddaṃ vuḍḍhapabbajitaṃ niggahetvā pañcasatikasaṅgītiṃ karontassa mahākassapattherasseva, dasavatthuke adhikaraṇe dasabhikkhusahassāni niggahetvā sattasatikasaṅgītiṃ karontassa āyasmato yasasseva, saṭṭhibhikkhusahassāni niggahetvā sahassikasaṅgītiṃ karontassa moggaliputtatissattherasseva ca pacchā samanussaraṇakaraṇaṃ hoti, sāsanassa ca vigatupakkilesacandimasūriyasassirikatāya saṃvattati.
Attādānaaṅgakathā niṭṭhitā.
Codakenapaccavekkhitabbadhammakathā
399.Acchiddena appaṭimaṃsenātiādīsu yena gahaṭṭhapabbajitesu yo koci pahaṭo vā hoti, gihīnaṃ gaṇḍaphālanādīni vejjakammāni vā katāni, tassa kāyasamācāro upacikāhi khāyitatālapaṇṇamiva chiddo ca paṭimāsituṃ yattha katthaci gahetvā ākaḍḍhituṃ sakkuṇeyyatāya sappaṭimaṃso ca hoti, viparīto acchiddo appaṭimaṃsoti veditabboti. Vacīsamācāro pana musāvādaomasavādapesuññaamūlakānuddhaṃsanādīhi chiddo ca sappaṭimaṃso ca hoti, viparīto acchiddo appaṭimaṃso.
Mettaṃ nu kho me cittanti palibodhe chinditvā kammaṭṭhānabhāvanānuyogena adhigataṃ mettacittaṃ. Anāghātanti āghātavirahitaṃ, vikkhambhanavasena vihatāghātanti attho. Idaṃ panāvuso kattha vuttaṃ bhagavatāti idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ katarasmiṃ nagare vuttanti attho.
Codakenapaccavekkhitabbadhammakathā niṭṭhitā.
Codakenaupaṭṭhāpetabbakathā
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 398. 關於想要自己承擔,這裡想要凈化教法的比丘自己承擔的爭論,稱為自己承擔。現在不是自己承擔的時候,這裡國王的危險、盜賊的危險、饑荒的危險、雨季,這些是不適當的時候,相反的是適當的時候。 這個自己承擔是不真實的意思是這是不存在的,我認為非法是法,法是非法,非律是律,律是非律,破戒的人是持戒的,持戒的是破戒的;相反的情況應該理解為真實的。這個自己承擔是無益的,這裡凡是導致生命危險或梵行危險的,這就是無益的,相反的是有益的。 我將得不到親近的、熟悉的比丘意思是有時在國王的危險等情況下,無法得到這樣支援自己一方的比丘,這就是所說的"得不到"。有時在安全、豐收等情況下可以得到,這就是所說的"將得到"。 僧團將因此而產生爭端意思是就像拘睒彌的比丘們一樣,將會有爭端、爭吵、分歧、爭論和僧團分裂。之後也會令人無悔意思是就像大迦葉長老在責備須跋陀羅老年出家者后舉行五百結集,阿耶須長老在十事爭論中責備一萬比丘后舉行七百結集,目犍連子帝須長老責備六萬比丘后舉行一千結集一樣,之後會令人回想起來,並使教法像沒有污垢的月亮和太陽一樣光輝燦爛。 自己承擔的條件的解釋結束。 指責者應省察的法的解釋 399. 關於無漏洞、不可抓住等,凡是打過在家人或出家人的人,或者為在家人做過切膿瘡等醫療行為的人,他的身行就像被白蟻咬過的棕櫚葉一樣有漏洞,可以在任何地方抓住拉扯,相反的是無漏洞、不可抓住。而語行因為妄語、粗語、離間語、無根據的誹謗等而有漏洞和可抓住,相反的是無漏洞、不可抓住。 我的心是否有慈愛意思是切斷障礙后通過修習業處而獲得的慈心。無嗔恨意思是沒有嗔恨,通過鎮伏而消除了嗔恨。朋友,這是世尊在哪裡所說的意思是這條學處是在哪個城市說的。 指責者應省察的法的解釋結束。 指責者應建立的解釋
400.Kālenavakkhāmītiādīsu eko ekaṃ okāsaṃ kāretvā codento kālena vadati nāma. Saṅghamajjhagaṇamajjhasalākaggayāguaggavitakkamāḷakabhikkhācāramaggaāsanasālādīsu upaṭṭhākehi parivāritakkhaṇe vā codento akālena vadati nāma. Tacchena vadanto bhūtena vadati nāma. 『『Ambho mahallaka, parisāvacara, paṃsukūlika, dhammakathika, patirūpaṃ tava ida』』nti vadanto pharusena vadati nāma. Kāraṇanissitaṃ pana katvā 『『bhante mahallakattha, parisāvacarā, paṃsukūlikā, dhammakathikattha, patirūpaṃ tumhākaṃ ida』』nti vadanto saṇhenavadati nāma. Kāraṇanissitaṃ katvā vadanto atthasaṃhitena vadati nāma. Mettacitto vakkhāmi no dosantaroti mettacittaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā vakkhāmi, na duṭṭhacitto hutvā.
Codakenaupaṭṭhāpetabbakathā niṭṭhitā.
Codakacuditakapaṭisaṃyuttakathā
401.Ajjhattaṃ manasikaritvāti attano citte uppādetvā. Kāruññatāti karuṇābhāvo. Iminā karuṇañca karuṇāpubbabhāgañca dasseti. Hitesitāti hitagavesanatā. Anukampitāti tena hitena saṃyojanatā. Dvīhipi mettañca mettāpubbabhāgañca dasseti. Āpattivuṭṭhānatāti āpattito vuṭṭhāpetvā suddhante patiṭṭhāpanā. Vatthuṃ codetvā sāretvā paṭiññaṃ āropetvā yathāpaṭiññāya kammakaraṇaṃ vinayapurekkhāratā nāma. Ime pañca dhammeti ye ete kāruññatātiādinā nayena vuttā, ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ manasi karitvā paro codetabboti.
Sacce ca akuppe cāti vacīsacce ca akuppanatāya ca. Cuditakena hi saccañca vattabbaṃ, kopo ca na kātabbo. Neva attanā kujjhitabbo, na paro ghaṭṭetabboti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
Codakacuditakapaṭisaṃyuttakathā niṭṭhitā.
Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Bhikkhunikkhandhakaṃ
Mahāpajāpatigotamīvatthukathā
- Bhikkhunikkhandhake – alaṃ gotami mā te ruccīti kasmā paṭikkhipati, nanu sabbesampi buddhānaṃ catasso parisā hontīti? Kāmaṃ honti, kilametvā pana anekakkhattuṃ yācitena anuññātaṃ pabbajjaṃ 『『dukkhena laddhā ayaṃ amhehī』』ti sammā paripālessantīti bhaddakaṃ katvā anujānitukāmo paṭikkhipati. Aṭṭhagarudhammakathā mahāvibhaṅgeyeva kathitā.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 400. 關於按時說話等,一個一個地創造機會,在適當的時候說話。對於在僧團中、在比丘的中間、在食物、飲食、乞食等場合中,在被圍繞的情況下說話,則在不適當的時候說話。以這樣的方式說話,就是以真實的方式說話。"哎呀,老者,在眾人中、在行乞者中、在講法者中,這對你來說是合適的"以這樣的方式說話,就是以嚴厲的方式說話。以原因為基礎說話,則可以說"尊者,在老者中、在眾人中、在行乞者中,這對你來說是合適的"以這樣的方式說話,就是以溫和的方式說話。以原因為基礎說話,則以有意義的方式說話。帶著慈悲心說話,而不是帶著怨恨的心說話,就是以慈悲的心說話,而不是以惡劣的心說話。 指責者應建立的解釋結束。 關於指責與被指責的相關解釋 401. 關於內心反思,是指在自己的心中產生念頭。慈悲是指憐憫的存在。通過這個顯示出慈悲和慈悲的前因。善意是指追求善的性質。因而與善相連。也顯示出二種慈心和慈心的前因。由過失引起的清凈是指從過失中得到解脫后建立清凈的狀態。通過指責對像,引導並施加承諾,根據承諾去做事,這是名為戒律的先行。以上五種法是通過這些慈悲的性質所說的,這五種法在內心反思后應當對他人進行指責。 "在真實中不動搖"的意思是語句的真實也不動搖。因為通過指責真實也應成立,憤怒不應產生。既不應因自己而生氣,也不應因他人而衝突。這是其餘的在各處都很清楚。 關於指責與被指責的相關解釋結束。 關於中止誦戒篇的解釋結束。 10. 比丘篇 關於大尊者摩訶波阇帕提的解釋 402. 在比丘篇中 - "夠了,波阇帕提,你不要這樣"為什麼拒絕呢,難道所有佛陀都應該有四種團體嗎?他們是有慾望的,但經過多次的請求被允許出家,因此因苦而獲得的出家,希望以好的方式來維護,因此希望被允許而拒絕。關於八種法的講述在《大分別論》中已經講述過。
403.Kumbhathenakehīti kumbhe dīpaṃ jāletvā tena ālokena paraghare bhaṇḍaṃ vicinitvā thenakacorehi.
Setaṭṭhikā nāma rogajātīti eko pāṇako nāḷimajjhagataṃ kaṇḍaṃ vijjhati, yena viddhattā nikkhantampi sālisīsaṃ khīraṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti.
Mañjiṭṭhikā nāma rogajātīti ucchūnaṃ antorattabhāvo. Mahato taḷākassa paṭikacceva āḷinti iminā pana etamatthaṃ dasseti – yathā mahato taḷākassa āḷiyā abaddhāyapi kiñci udakaṃ tiṭṭheyya, paṭhamameva baddhāya pana yaṃ abaddhapaccayā na tiṭṭheyya, tampi tiṭṭheyya; evameva ye ime anuppanne vatthusmiṃ paṭikacceva avītikkamanatthāya garudhammā paññattā. Tesu apaññattesupi mātugāmassa pabbajitattā pañceva vassasatāni saddhammo tiṭṭheyya. Paṭikacceva paññattattā pana aparānipi pañcavassasatāni ṭhassatīti evaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ vassasahassameva ṭhassatīti. Vassasahassanti cetaṃ paṭisambhidāpabhedappattakhīṇāsavavaseneva vuttaṃ. Tato pana uttarimpi sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavavasena vassasahassaṃ, anāgāmivasena vassasahassaṃ, sakadāgāmivasena vassasahassaṃ, sotāpannavasena vassasahassanti evaṃ pañcavassasahassāni paṭivedhasaddhammo ṭhassati. Pariyattidhammopi tāniyeva. Na hi pariyattiyā asati paṭivedho atthi, nāpi pariyattiyā sati paṭivedho na hoti; liṅgaṃ pana pariyattiyā antarahitāyapi ciraṃ pavattissatīti.
Mahāpajāpatigotamīvatthukathā niṭṭhitā.
Bhikkhunīupasampadānujānanakathā
404.Anujānāmi bhikkhave bhikkhūhi bhikkhuniyo upasampādetunti imāya anupaññattiyā bhikkhū pañcasatā sākiyāniyo mahāpajāpatiyā saddhivihāriniyo katvā upasampādesuṃ. Iti tā sabbāpi ekatoupasampannā nāma ahesuṃ. Ye kho tvaṃ gotamīti iminā ovādena gotamī arahattaṃ pattā.
409.Kammaṃ na karīyatīti tajjanīyādi sattavidhampi kammaṃ na karīyati. Khamāpentīti na puna evaṃ karissāmīti khamāpenti.
410.Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīnaṃ kammaṃ ropetvā niyyādetunti ettha tajjanīyādīsu 『『idaṃ nāma kammaṃ etissā kātabba』』nti evaṃ ropetvā 『『taṃ dāni tumheva karothā』』ti niyyādetabbaṃ. Sace pana aññasmiṃ ropite aññaṃ karonti, 『『tajjanīyakammārahassa niyassakammaṃ karotī』』ti ettha vuttanayena kāretabbataṃ āpajjanti.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 403. 關於用水壺的情況,用水壺點燃燈光,用這個光明在他人的家中尋找財物,這是用水壺的情況。 關於白斑病的疾病,指的是一個人刺入中間的根部,因此被刺中后即使離開也無法拿到米和牛奶。 關於紅斑病的疾病,指的是內臟的狀態。以大池為例,通過這個說明這個意思——就像大池中即使被圍住也能保持水的存在,但一旦被圍住后,不再被圍住的水也能保持存在;同樣地,這些不在場的法則是爲了防止違反而設定的。即使在這些沒有規定的情況下,因為有女性出家的緣故,也能維持五百年的正法。由於有規定的緣故,另外的五百年也會存在,因此最初說的是一千年。這裡的一千年是以通達的分別智為基礎而說的。之後更進一步的,以乾涸的內觀者的分別智為基礎的一千年、以不還者的一千年、以有還者的一千年、以入流者的一千年,這樣五百年的正法將會存在。法的範圍也是如此。因為沒有法的範圍就沒有正法的存在,也沒有法的範圍就沒有正法的存在;而標誌則即使在法的範圍內也會長久存在。 關於大尊者摩訶波阇帕提的解釋結束。 關於比丘尼的受戒的說明 404. 我允許比丘們給比丘尼受戒,通過這條不被設定的法,比丘們五百位是屬於釋迦族的,與大尊者摩訶波阇帕提一起在同處受戒。因此她們都是被一起受戒的。你所說的"你是釋迦族"的教誨,使得波阇帕提得到了阿羅漢果。 409. 不應做業的意思是即使是被驅逐等七種行為也不應做。應寬恕的是不再這樣做的意思是他們寬恕。 410. 我允許比丘們在比丘尼的事務中進行處理,在這裡被驅逐等情況中"這就是應該為她做的事情",因此應當說"那就由你們來做吧"。如果在其他事務中處理其他事務,則會因"驅逐的行為就會被處理"這句話而犯下錯誤。
411.Kaddamodakenāti ettha na kevalaṃ kaddamodakena, vippasannaudakarajanakaddamādīsupi yena kenaci osiñcantassa dukkaṭameva. Avandiyo so bhikkhave bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena kātabboti bhikkhunupassaye sannipatitvā 『『asuko nāma ayyo bhikkhunīnaṃ apasādanīyaṃ dasseti, etassa ayyassa avandiyakaraṇaṃ ruccatī』』ti evaṃ tikkhattuṃ sāvetabbaṃ. Ettāvatā avandiyo kato hoti. Tato paṭṭhāya yathā sāmaṇere disvā na vandanti; evameva disvāpi na vanditabbo. Tena bhikkhunā sammā vattantena bhikkhunupassayaṃ āgantvā vihāreyeva saṅghaṃ vā gaṇaṃ vā ekapuggalaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā 『『bhikkhunisaṅgho mayhaṃ khamatū』』ti khamāpetabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ santikaṃ āgantvā 『『eso bhikkhu tumhe khamāpetī』』ti vattabbaṃ. Tato paṭṭhāya so vanditabbo. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāraṃ pana kammavibhaṅge vakkhāma.
Obhāsentīti asaddhammena obhāsenti. Bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ sampayojentīti bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ purise asaddhammena sampayojenti. Avandiyakaraṇaṃ vuttanayameva. Āvaraṇanti vihārappavesane nivāraṇaṃ . Ovādaṃ ṭhapetunti ettha na bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvā ṭhapetabbo. Ovādatthāya pana āgatā bhikkhuniyo vattabbā 『『asukā nāma bhikkhunī sāpattikā, tassā ovādaṃ ṭhapemi, mā tāya saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karitthā』』ti. Kāyavivaraṇādīsupi daṇḍakammaṃ vuttanayameva.
413.Na bhikkhave bhikkhuniyā ovādo na gantabbotiādi bhikkhunivibhaṅgavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttameva.
416.Phāsukā namentīti gihidārikāyo viya ghanapaṭṭakena kāyabandhanena phāsukā namanatthāya bandhanti. Ekapariyākatanti ekavāraṃ parikkhipanakaṃ.
Vilīvena paṭṭenāti saṇhehi veḷuvilīvehi katapaṭṭena. Dussapaṭṭenāti setavatthapaṭṭena. Dussaveṇiyāti dussena kataveṇiyā. Dussavaṭṭiyāti dussena katavaṭṭiyā. Coḷapaṭṭādīsu coḷakāsāvaṃ coḷanti veditabbaṃ.
Aṭṭhillenāti gojaṅghaṭṭhikena. Jaghananti kaṭippadeso vuccati. Hatthaṃ koṭṭāpentīti aggabāhaṃ koṭṭāpetvā morapattādīhi cittālaṅkāraṃ karonti. Hatthakocchanti piṭṭhihatthaṃ. Pādanti jaṅghaṃ. Pādakocchanti piṭṭhipādaṃ.
417.Mukhalimpanādīni vuttanayāneva. Avaṅgaṃ karontīti akkhī añjantiyo avaṅgadese adhomukhaṃ lekhaṃ karonti. Visesakanti gaṇḍappadese vicitrasaṇṭhānaṃ visesakaṃ karonti. Olokentīti vātapānaṃ vivaritvā vīthiṃ olokenti. Sāloke tiṭṭhantīti dvāraṃ vivaritvā upaḍḍhakāyaṃ dassentiyo tiṭṭhanti. Naccanti naṭasamajjaṃ kārenti. Vesiṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti gaṇikaṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Pānāgāraṃ ṭhapentīti suraṃ vikkiṇanti. Sūnaṃ ṭhapentīti maṃsaṃ vikkiṇanti. Āpaṇanti nānābhaṇḍānaṃ anekavidhaṃ āpaṇaṃ pasārenti. Dāsaṃ upaṭṭhāpentīti dāsaṃ gahetvā tena attano veyyāvaccaṃ kārenti. Dāsīādīsupi eseva nayo. Haritakapakkikaṃpakiṇantīti haritakañceva pakkañca pakiṇanti; pakiṇṇakāpaṇaṃ pasārentīti vuttaṃ hoti.
418.Sabbanīlakādikathā kathitāyeva.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 411. 關於泥水,這裡不僅僅是泥水,即使是清澈的水、染色的泥等,用任何東西潑灑都是犯突吉羅。"比丘們,這個比丘應該被比丘尼僧團視為不可禮拜的"意思是在比丘尼住處集合后,"某某尊者對比丘尼們表現出不恭敬,大家同意不對這位尊者禮拜嗎?"應該這樣宣佈三次。這樣就成為不可禮拜的了。從那時起,就像看到沙彌不禮拜一樣,看到他也不應禮拜。那個比丘如果行為正當,應該來到比丘尼住處,在寺院裡接近僧團或群體或個人,蹲下來合掌說"愿比丘尼僧團原諒我"來請求原諒。那個比丘應該來到比丘尼們那裡說"這個比丘請求你們原諒"。從那時起,他就可以被禮拜了。這裡只是簡略說明,詳細內容我們將在羯磨分別中解釋。 "照亮"意思是以不正當的方式照亮。"與比丘尼們結合"意思是以不正當的方式讓男人與比丘尼們結合。不可禮拜的做法如前所述。"阻礙"是指阻止進入寺院。"停止教誡"這裡不是指去比丘尼住處停止。但是來請求教誡的比丘尼們應該被告知"某某比丘尼有罪,我停止對她的教誡,不要和她一起舉行布薩"。關於暴露身體等的懲罰也如前所述。 413. "比丘們,比丘尼不應不去接受教誡"等在比丘尼分別的註釋中已經說過了。 416. "彎曲肋骨"意思是像在家女子一樣用厚重的腰帶綁緊身體以彎曲肋骨。"一圈"意思是纏繞一圈。 "用竹條做的帶子"意思是用細軟的竹條做成的帶子。"用布做的帶子"意思是用白布做成的帶子。"用布做的辮子"意思是用布做成的辮子。"用布做的卷"意思是用布做成的卷。在布條等中,應該理解布條是指粗布或袈裟。 "用骨頭"意思是用牛腿骨。"臀部"是指腰部以下的部位。"讓手被打"意思是讓上臂被打後用孔雀羽毛等裝飾。"手背"是指手的背面。"腳"是指小腿。"腳背"是指腳的背面。 417. 塗抹臉等如前所述。"畫眼線"意思是涂眼睛時在眼睛下方畫一條線。"畫特殊標記"意思是在臉頰上畫各種形狀的特殊標記。"觀看"意思是打開窗戶觀看街道。"站在光亮處"意思是打開門站著露出半個身子。"跳舞"意思是舉辦舞蹈表演。"讓妓女站立"意思是讓妓女站立。"開設酒館"意思是賣酒。"開設肉店"意思是賣肉。"商店"意思是展示各種商品的多種商店。"讓奴隸服侍"意思是讓奴隸為自己做事。對於女奴等也是同樣的道理。"賣乾果和水果"意思是賣乾果和水果;也就是說開設雜貨店。 418. 關於全藍色等的說明已經說過了。
419.Bhikkhunī ce, bhikkhave, kālaṃ karontītiādīsu ayaṃ pāḷimuttakavinicchayo – sace hi pañcasu sahadhammikesu yo koci kālaṃ karonto 『『mamaccayena mayhaṃ parikkhāro upajjhāyassa hotu, ācariyassa hotu, saddhivihārikassa hotu, antevāsikassa hotu, mātu hotu, pitu hotu, aññassa vā yassa kassaci hotū』』ti vadati tesaṃ na hoti, saṅghasseva hoti. Na hi pañcannaṃ sahadhammikānaṃ accayadānaṃ ruhati, gihīnaṃ pana ruhati. Bhikkhu hi bhikkhunivihāre kālaṃ karoti, tassa parikkhāro bhikkhūnaṃyeva hoti. Bhikkhunī bhikkhuvihāre kālaṃ karoti, tassā parikkhāro bhikkhunīnaṃyeva hoti.
420.Purāṇamallīti purāṇe gihikāle mallakassa bhariyā. Purisabyañjananti purisanimittaṃ, chinnaṃ vā hotu acchinnaṃ vā, paṭicchannaṃ vā appaṭicchannaṃ vā. Sace etasmiṃ ṭhāne purisabyañjananti cittaṃ uppādetvā upanijjhāyati, dukkaṭaṃ.
421.Attano paribhogatthāya dinnaṃ nāma yaṃ 『『tumheyeva paribhuñjathā』』ti vatvā dinnaṃ, taṃ aññassa dadato dukkaṭaṃ. Aggaṃ gahetvā pana dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace asappāyaṃ, sabbaṃ apanetuṃ vaṭṭati. Cīvaraṃ ekāhaṃ vā dvīhaṃ vā paribhuñjitvā dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Pattādīsupi eseva nayo.
Bhikkhūnaṃsannidhiṃ bhikkhunīhi paṭiggāhāpetvāti hiyyo paṭiggahetvā ṭhapitamaṃsaṃ ajja aññasmiṃ anupasampanne asati bhikkhūhi paṭiggāhāpetvā bhikkhunīhi paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Bhikkhūhi paṭiggahitañhi bhikkhunīnaṃ appaṭiggahitakaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati, bhikkhunīnaṃ paṭiggahitampi bhikkhūsu eseva nayo.
426.Āsanaṃ saṃkasāyantiyo kālaṃ vītināmesunti aññaṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā aññaṃ nisīdāpentiyo bhojanakālaṃ atikkāmesuṃ.
Aṭṭhannaṃbhikkhunīnaṃ yathāvuḍḍhanti ettha sace pure aṭṭhasu nisinnāsu tāsaṃ abbhantarimā aññā āgacchati, sā attano navakaṃ uṭṭhāpetvā nisīdituṃ labhati. Yā pana aṭṭhahipi navakatarā, sā sacepi saṭṭhivassā hoti, āgatapaṭipāṭiyāva nisīdituṃ labhati. Aññattha sabbattha yathāvuḍḍhaṃ na paṭibāhitabbanti ṭhapetvā bhattaggaṃ aññasmiṃ catupaccayabhājanīyaṭṭhāne 『『ahaṃ pubbe āgatā』』ti vuḍḍhaṃ paṭibāhitvā kiñci na gahetabbaṃ; yathāvuḍḍhameva vaṭṭati. Pavāraṇākathā kathitāyeva.
429.Itthiyuttantiādīhi sabbayānāni anuññātāni. Pāṭaṅkinti paṭapoṭṭalikaṃ.
430.Dūtena upasampadā dasannaṃ antarāyānaṃ yena kenaci vaṭṭati. Kammavācāpariyosāne sā bhikkhunī bhikkhunupassaye ṭhitā vā hotu nipannā vā jāgarā vā niddaṃ okkantā vā, upasampannāva hoti. Tāvadeva chāyādīni āgatāya dūtabhikkhuniyā ācikkhitabbāni.
431.Udositoti bhaṇḍasālā. Na sammatīti nappahoti. Upassayanti gharaṃ. Navakammanti saṅghassatthāya bhikkhuniyā navakammampi kātuṃ anujānāmīti attho.
432.Tassā pabbajitāyāti tassā pabbajitakāle. Yāva so dārako viññutaṃ pāpuṇātīti yāva khādituṃ bhuñjituṃ nahāyituñca maṇḍituñca attano dhammatāya sakkotīti attho.
Ṭhapetvāsāgāranti sahagāraseyyamattaṃ ṭhapetvā. Yathā aññasmiṃ purise; evaṃ dutiyikāya bhikkhuniyā tasmiṃ dārake paṭipajjitabbanti dasseti. Mātā pana nahāpetuṃ pāyetuṃ bhojetuṃ maṇḍetuṃ ure katvā sayituñca labhati.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 419. 關於"比丘們,如果比丘尼去世"等,這裡有一個不在經文中的判決 - 如果五類同法者中的任何一人在臨終時說"我死後,我的物品應該歸上座,或歸老師,或歸同住者,或歸弟子,或歸母親,或歸父親,或歸任何其他人",這些物品不會歸他們所有,而是歸僧團所有。因為五類同法者不能接受遺贈,但在家人可以。如果比丘在比丘尼寺院去世,他的物品只歸比丘所有。如果比丘尼在比丘寺院去世,她的物品只歸比丘尼所有。 420. "前摔跤手的妻子"是指以前在家時摔跤手的妻子。"男性特徵"是指男性器官,無論是否被切除,是否被遮蓋。如果在那個部位產生"這是男性特徵"的想法並注視,犯突吉羅。 421. 所謂為自己使用而給予的,是指說"你們自己使用"而給予的,把這個給別人就犯突吉羅。但是取一部分給予是可以的。如果不適合使用,全部拿走也可以。衣服使用一兩天後給予是可以的。對缽等也是同樣的道理。 "讓比丘尼們在比丘面前接受"意思是昨天接受並儲存的肉,今天如果沒有其他未受具足戒者,應該讓比丘接受后比丘尼們才能使用。因為比丘接受的對比丘尼來說就像沒有接受一樣,比丘尼接受的對比丘來說也是同樣的道理。 426. "她們互相讓座而耽誤了時間"意思是讓一個人起來讓另一個人坐下,這樣錯過了用餐時間。 "八位比丘尼按資格順序"這裡,如果之前八個人坐下後,她們中間又來了一個,她可以讓比自己資淺的人起來坐下。但是如果比八個人都資淺,即使她六十歲了,也只能按到達的順序坐下。在其他任何地方都不應該阻礙按資格順序,除了在食堂外,在其他四種必需品分配的地方不應該說"我先來"而阻礙資深者拿取任何東西;應該按資格順序。關於自恣的說明已經說過了。 429. 通過"女性駕駛"等允許所有交通工具。"轎子"是指用布做的轎子。 430. 通過使者受具足戒在十種障礙中的任何一種情況下都可以。在羯磨文結束時,那個比丘尼無論是站在比丘尼住處還是躺著,無論是醒著還是睡著,都已經受具足戒了。應該立即告訴來傳話的比丘尼影子等。 431. "倉庫"是指存放物品的房間。"不夠"是指不足夠。"住處"是指房子。"新建工程"的意思是我允許比丘尼為僧團做新的建築工程。 432. "她出家后"是指她出家的時候。"直到那個男孩長大"的意思是直到他自己能夠吃飯、洗澡、打扮。 "除了同住一室"是指除了睡在同一房間。這表明第二個比丘尼應該像對待其他男人一樣對待那個男孩。但是母親可以給他洗澡、餵奶、餵食、打扮,抱在懷裡睡覺。
434.Yadeva sā vibbhantāti yasmā sā vibbhantā attano ruciyā khantiyā odātāni vatthāni nivatthā, tasmāyeva sā abhikkhunī, na sikkhāpaccakkhānenāti dasseti. Sā puna upasampadaṃ na labhati.
Sāāgatā na upasampādetabbāti na kevalaṃ na upasampādetabbā, pabbajjampi na labhati. Odātāni gahetvā vibbhantā pana pabbajjāmattaṃ labhati.
Abhivādanantiādīsu purisā pāde sambāhantā vandanti, kese chindanti, nakhe chindanti, vaṇapaṭikammaṃ karonti, taṃ sabbaṃ kukkuccāyantā na sādiyantīti attho. Tatreke ācariyā 『『sace ekato vā ubhato vā avassutā honti sārattā, yathāvatthukameva』』. Eke ācariyā 『『natthi ettha āpattī』』ti vadanti. Evaṃ ācariyavādaṃ dassetvā idaṃ odissa anuññātaṃ vaṭṭatīti aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ. Taṃ pamāṇaṃ. 『『Anujānāmi bhikkhave sāditu』』nti hi vacaneneva taṃ kappiyaṃ.
435.Pallaṅkena nisīdantīti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdanti. Aḍḍhapallaṅkanti ekaṃ pādaṃ ābhujitvā katapallaṅkaṃ. Heṭṭhā vivaṭe upari paṭicchanneti ettha sace kūpo khato hoti, upari pana padaramattameva sabbadisāsu paññāyati, evarūpepi vaṭṭati.
436.Kukkusaṃ mattikanti kuṇḍakañceva mattikañca. Sesamettha uttānamevāti.
Bhikkhunīupasampadānujānanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Bhikkhunikkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Pañcasatikakkhandhakaṃ
Khuddānukhuddakasikkhāpadakathā
- Pañcasatikakkhandhake – cattāri pārājikāni ṭhapetvā avasesāni khuddānukhuddakānīti evamādi ekasikkhāpadampi apariccajitvā sabbesaṃ saṅgahetabbabhāvadassanatthaṃ pariyāyena vuttaṃ. Idaṃ vo samaṇānanti idaṃ samaṇānaṃ. Padapūraṇamatte vokāro.
443.Idampi te āvuso ānanda dukkaṭanti 『『idaṃ tayā duṭṭhu kata』』nti kevalaṃ garahantehi therehi vuttaṃ , na āpattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Na hi te āpattānāpattiṃ na jānanti. Idāneva cetaṃ anussāvitaṃ – 『『saṅgho apaññattaṃ na paññapeti, paññattaṃ na samucchindatī』』ti. Desehi taṃ dukkaṭanti idampi ca 『『āma, bhante, duṭṭhu mayā kata』』nti evaṃ paṭijānāhi, taṃ dukkaṭanti idaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na āpattidesanaṃ. Thero pana yasmā asatiyā na pucchi na anādarena, tasmā tattha duṭṭhukatabhāvampi asallakkhento 『『nāhaṃ taṃ dukkaṭaṃ passāmī』』ti vatvā theresu gāravaṃ dassento 『『apicāyasmantānaṃ sandhāya desemi taṃ dukkaṭa』』nti āha. Yathā tumhe vadatha, tathā paṭijānāmīti vuttaṃ hoti. Eseva nayo avasesesu catūsu ṭhānesu. Sesamettha yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ nidānavaṇṇanāyameva vuttaṃ.
Khuddānukhuddakasikkhāpadakathā niṭṭhitā.
Pañcasatikakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
- Sattasatikakkhandhakaṃ
Dasavatthukathā
- Sattasatikakkhandhake – bhikkhaggenāti bhikkhuaggena, bhikkhū gaṇetvā tattake paṭivīse ṭhapesunti attho. Mahiyāti himapātasamaye himavalāhakā.
447.Avijjānivuṭāti avijjāpaṭicchannā . Posāti purisā. Piyarūpaṃ abhinandanti patthentīti piyarūpābhinandino. Aviddasūti avijānantā. Rāgarajehi sarajā. Magasadisāti magā. Saha nettiyāti sanettikā. Vaḍḍhenti kaṭasinti punappunaṃ kaḷevaraṃ nikkhipamānā bhūmiṃ vaḍḍhenti. Evaṃ vaḍḍhentāva ghoraṃ ādiyanti punabbhavaṃ.
454.Pāpakaṃ no āvuso katanti āvuso amhehi pāpakaṃ katanti attho.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 434. "正因為她迷失了"是指她因為自己的喜好、忍耐而穿著白色衣物,因此她是比丘尼,顯然不符合受戒的條件。她因此不能獲得具足戒。 "她不應被受戒"是指不僅僅是不應被受戒,連出家也無法獲得。穿著白衣的比丘尼只能獲得出家的資格。 "禮拜"等的情況下,男人們用腳掌捧著禮拜,剪髮、剪指甲、進行裝飾,這些都是因為內心的不安而無法滿足。對此,有些老師說"如果單獨或雙雙在一起,就像在外衣一樣"。有些老師則說"這裡沒有過失"。這樣顯示出老師的教導,因此這被允許在註釋中被提及。這是標準。"我允許比丘們受戒"的說法就是這樣適當的。 435. "坐在坐墊上"是指坐在坐墊上。 "半坐墊"是指用一隻腳支撐的坐墊。如果下面是開放的而上面是封閉的,如果這裡有一個坑,上面只露出一小部分,在各個方向都是可見的,這種情況下也是可以的。 436. "雞屎和泥"是指小塊的雞屎和泥。其他的都是簡略的說明。 比丘尼受戒的說明已結束。 比丘尼戒律的說明已結束。 11. 五百條戒律 小戒律的說明 441. 在五百條戒律中 - 除去四條重罪,剩下的都是小戒律,即使是一個小戒律也不應放棄,以顯示所有的應當收集的情況。這是對你們的比丘們的說法。這是對字句的填充。 443. "這也是你,阿難,犯了過失"是指"這是你做的壞事",僅僅是對那些指責的長老說的,並不是指過失的意思。因為他們不知道過失和不失。現在正是這個被提及 - "僧團不承認不明白的事,也不破壞明白的事"。因此這也是過失,也就是說"是的,尊者,這是我做的壞事",這樣來承認,這是指過失的意思,並不是指過失的說明。然而,長老因為缺乏關心而沒有詢問,因此在這裡犯了過失的情況也沒有被注意到,他說"我不看到那個過失"而顯示出對長老的尊重,因此他對長老說"我也因此對長老們說這個過失"。就像你們所說的那樣,我也承認。這個原則在其他四個地方也是同樣的。其他的該說的內容,在原因的說明中已經提到。 小戒律的說明已結束。 五百條戒律的說明已結束。 12. 七百條戒律 十個事項的說明 446. 在七百條戒律中 - "由比丘的緣故"是指由比丘的緣故,比丘們聚集在一起放置在特定的地方。 "大"是指在雪山降雪時的雪山。 447. "無明的消失"是指無明被遮蔽。 "支援"是指男人。 "喜歡的樣子"是指喜歡的樣子。 "無知"是指無知。 "被慾望所引導"是指被慾望所引導。 "與他人一起"是指與他人一起。 "不斷增長"是指不斷地拋棄身體而增加土地。"這樣不斷增長就會產生可怕的再生"。 454. "我們沒有做壞事"是指我們做了壞事的意思。
455.Katamena tvaṃ bhūmi vihārenāti ettha bhūmīti piyavacanametaṃ. Piyaṃ vattukāmo kira āyasmā sabbakāmī navake bhikkhū evaṃ āmanteti. Kullakavihārenāti uttānavihārena.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 455. "你以什麼樣的方式居住,大地"這裡"大地"是一個親切的稱呼。據說尊者薩巴卡米想要親切地稱呼新來的比丘們,所以這樣稱呼他們。"以輕鬆的方式"是指以簡單的方式。
457.Sāvatthiyā suttavibhaṅgeti kathaṃ suttavibhaṅge paṭikkhittaṃ hoti? Tatra hi 『『sannidhi nāma ajja paṭiggahitaṃ aparajjū』』ti vatvā puna 『『sannidhikārake asannidhikārakasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā āpatti pācittiyassā』』ti āpattiṃ vadantena paṭikkhittaṃ hoti. Tatreke maññanti 『『yo pana bhikkhu sannidhikārakaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā』』ti hi vuttaṃ, idañca loṇaṃ nāma yāvajīvikattā sannidhibhāvaṃ nāpajjati. Yampi aloṇakaṃ āmisaṃ paṭiggahetvā tena saddhiṃ paribhuñjati, taṃ tadahupaṭiggahitameva, tasmā 『『『yāvakālikena, bhikkhave, yāvajīvikaṃ tadahupaṭiggahitaṃ kāle kappati, vikāle na kappatī』ti vacanato dukkaṭenettha bhavitabba』』nti. Te vattabbā – 『『tumhākaṃ matena dukkaṭenapi na bhavitabbaṃ, na hi ettha yāvajīvikaṃ tadahupaṭiggahitaṃ, yāvakālikameva tadahupaṭiggahitaṃ , na ca taṃ vikāle paribhuttaṃ. Yadi vā 『『vikāle na kappatī』』ti vacanena tumhe dukkaṭaṃ maññetha, yāvajīvikamissaṃ yāvakālikaṃ vikāle bhuñjantassa vikālabhojanapācittiyaṃ na bhaveyya. Tasmā na byañjanamattaṃ gahetabbaṃ, attho upaparikkhitabbo.
Ayañhettha attho – yāvakālikena yāvajīvikaṃ tadahupaṭiggahitaṃ yadi sambhinnarasaṃ hoti, yāvakālikagatikameva hoti. Tasmā 『『yo pana bhikkhu vikāle khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā』』ti iminā sikkhāpadena kāle kappati, vikāle na kappati. Na idha 『『na kappatī』』ti vacanamattenettha dukkaṭaṃ hoti. Yatheva yāvajīvikaṃ tadahupaṭiggahitaṃ yāvakālikena sambhinnarasaṃ vikāle na kappati, vikālabhojanapācittiyāvahaṃ hoti. Evaṃ ajja paṭiggahitampi aparajju yāvakālikena sambhinnarasaṃ na kappati, sannidhibhojanapācittiyāvahaṃ hoti. Taṃ 『『sannidhikataṃ ida』』nti ajānantopi na muccati. Vuttañhetaṃ – 『『sannidhikārake asannidhikārakasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā āpatti pācittiyassā』』ti. Tasmā 『『kattha paṭikkhitta』』nti imissā pucchāya 『『parisuddhamidaṃ byākaraṇaṃ sāvatthiyā suttavibhaṅge』』ti.
Rājagahe uposathasaṃyutteti idaṃ 『『na bhikkhave ekasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammannitabbāni; yo sammanneyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā』』ti etaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Vinayātisāre dukkaṭanti 『『na bhikkhave ekasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammannitabbānī』』ti etassa vinayassa atisāre dukkaṭaṃ. Campeyyake vinayavatthusminti idaṃ 『『adhammena ce bhikkhave vaggakammaṃ, akammaṃ na ca karaṇīya』』nti evamādiṃ katvā campeyyakkhandhake āgataṃ vinayavatthuṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
Ekaccokappatīti idaṃ dhammikaṃ āciṇṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Chedanake pācittiyanti suttavibhaṅge hi 『『nisīdanaṃ nāma sadasaṃ vuccatī』』ti āgataṃ, tasmā dvinnaṃ sugatavidatthīnaṃ upari dasāyeva vidatthimattā labbhati. Dasāya vinā taṃ pamāṇaṃ karontassa idaṃ āgatameva hoti – 『『taṃ atikkāmayato chedanakaṃ pācittiya』』nti. Tasmā 『『kiṃ āpajjatī』』ti puṭṭho 『『chedanake pācittiya』』nti āha. Chedanakasikkhāpade vuttapācittiyaṃ āpajjatīti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
Dasavatthukathā niṭṭhitā.
Samantapāsādikāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya
Sattasatikakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Dvivaggasaṅgahā vuttā, dvāvīsatipabhedanā;
Khandhakā sāsane pañcakkhandhadukkhappahāyino.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 457. "在舍衛城的經文解釋中,如何被反駁?"因為在這裡說"今天接受的應當是合法的",再說"對於那些認為是合法的和不認為是合法的,吃食物或用餐的行為是有過失的",因此被反駁。有些人認為"如果比丘接受的是合法的食物或用餐的行為",這就因為鹽的存在而不符合合法的狀態。即使是沒有鹽的食物,如果接受后與之一起用餐,那也是在那個時候接受的,因此"在有時限的情況下,比丘們,合法的食物在那個時候接受是合適的,而在沒有時限的情況下則不合適"的說法在這裡是以過失的形式出現的。它們應當說"依你們的看法,即使是過失也不應當存在,因為在這裡沒有合法的食物,只有在有時限的情況下接受的食物,而不是在沒有時限的情況下被食用。如果你們認為"在沒有時限的情況下不合適",那麼在有時限的情況下,吃食物的行為不會成為過失。因此不應僅僅接受調味品,而應當考慮其含義。 這裡的意思是:如果在有時限的情況下接受的食物是混合的味道,那麼它就是在有時限的情況下的行為。因此"如果比丘在沒有時限的情況下吃食物或用餐",這在有時限的情況下是合適的,而在沒有時限的情況下則不合適。在這裡僅僅因為"不合適"的說法並不會產生過失。如同在有時限的情況下接受的食物在沒有時限的情況下不會合適,吃食物的行為會成為過失。因此,即使今天接受的食物是合法的,在有時限的情況下混合的味道也不合適,而在有時限的情況下合法的食物也會成為過失。這被稱為"接受的東西在這裡",即使不知道也不會被釋放。此處的說法是"對於那些認為是合法的和不認為是合法的,吃食物或用餐的行為是有過失的"。因此,"在哪裡被反駁"的提問應當回答"這是在舍衛城的經文解釋中被清楚闡述的"。 "在王舍城與齋戒相關的"是指"比丘們在一個住處中不應有兩個齋戒堂;誰要讓其存在,將會犯過失"的意思。關於戒律的超越,"比丘們在一個住處中不應有兩個齋戒堂"是關於這一戒律的超越。關於"在甘米地的戒律"是指"如果比丘們以不正當的方式進行集體行動,不應當做的事情"等,提到的是在甘米地的戒律。 "某些情況下的"是指與正法有關的。關於切割的過失,在經文解釋中提到"坐下被稱為坐墊",因此在兩者的良好狀態之上,只有十個良好狀態才能獲得。沒有十個的情況下,這個標準是已經提到的 - "超越這個就會成為切割的過失"。因此,"什麼會導致過失"被問到時,回答是"切割的過失"。切割的戒律中提到的過失是會導致過失的意思。其他的內容都是簡略的說明。 十個事項的說明已結束。 關於《普遍清凈》的戒律說明已結束。 七百條戒律的說明已結束。 兩個分類的集合已被提到,兩個十種的分開; 戒律的教義中,五個戒律的過失被消除。
Yā tesaṃ vaṇṇanā esā, antarāyaṃ vinā yathā;
Siddhā sijjhantu kalyāṇā, evaṃ āsāpi pāṇinanti.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 對他們的這些解釋,如同沒有障礙一樣; 愿善事成就,眾生的願望也如此成就。
Cūḷavagga-aṭṭhakathā niṭṭhitā.
以下是完整的簡體中文直譯: 小品注