B0102040506（1）nīvaraṇavaggo（障礙品）

(6) 1. Nīvaraṇavaggo

1. Āvaraṇasuttaṃ

2. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – 『『bhikkhavo』』ti. 『『Bhadante』』ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

『『Pañcime, bhikkhave, āvaraṇā nīvaraṇā cetaso ajjhāruhā paññāya dubbalīkaraṇā. Katame pañca? Kāmacchando, bhikkhave, āvaraṇo nīvaraṇo cetaso ajjhāruho paññāya dubbalīkaraṇo. Byāpādo, bhikkhave, āvaraṇo nīvaraṇo cetaso ajjhāruho paññāya dubbalīkaraṇo. Thinamiddhaṃ, bhikkhave, āvaraṇaṃ nīvaraṇaṃ cetaso ajjhāruhaṃ paññāya dubbalīkaraṇaṃ. Uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, bhikkhave, āvaraṇaṃ nīvaraṇaṃ cetaso ajjhāruhaṃ paññāya dubbalīkaraṇaṃ. Vicikicchā, bhikkhave, āvaraṇā nīvaraṇā cetaso ajjhāruhā paññāya dubbalīkaraṇā. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca āvaraṇā nīvaraṇā cetaso ajjhāruhā paññāya dubbalīkaraṇā.

『『So vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ime pañca āvaraṇe nīvaraṇe cetaso ajjhāruhe paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe appahāya, abalāya paññāya dubbalāya attatthaṃ vā ñassati paratthaṃ vā ñassati ubhayatthaṃ vā ñassati uttari [uttariṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikarissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, nadī pabbateyyā dūraṅgamā [dūragamā (sī.)] sīghasotā hārahārinī. Tassā puriso ubhato naṅgalamukhāni vivareyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, majjhe nadiyā soto vikkhitto visaṭo byādiṇṇo neva [na ceva (ka.)] dūraṅgamo assa na [na ca (ka.)] sīghasoto na [na ca (ka.)] hārahārī [hārahāriṇī (sī.)]. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, so vata bhikkhu ime pañca āvaraṇe nīvaraṇe cetaso ajjhāruhe paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe appahāya, abalāya paññāya dubbalāya attatthaṃ vā ñassati paratthaṃ vā ñassati ubhayatthaṃ vā ñassati uttari vā manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikarissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.

『『So vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ime pañca āvaraṇe nīvaraṇe cetaso ajjhāruhe paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe pahāya, balavatiyā paññāya attatthaṃ vā ñassati paratthaṃ vā ñassati ubhayatthaṃ vā ñassati uttari vā manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikarissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, nadī pabbateyyā dūraṅgamā sīghasotā hārahārinī. Tassā puriso ubhato naṅgalamukhāni pidaheyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, majjhe nadiyā soto avikkhitto avisaṭo abyādiṇṇo dūraṅgamo ceva assa sīghasoto ca hārahārī ca. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, so vata bhikkhu ime pañca āvaraṇe nīvaraṇe cetaso ajjhāruhe paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe pahāya, balavatiyā paññāya attatthaṃ vā ñassati paratthaṃ vā ñassati ubhayatthaṃ vā ñassati uttari vā manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikarissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjatī』』ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

1. Akusalarāsisuttaṃ

2. 『『Akusalarāsīti , bhikkhave, vadamāno pañca nīvaraṇe [ime pañca nīvaraṇe (sī.)] sammā vadamāno vadeyya. Kevalo hāyaṃ [hayaṃ (sī.), cāyaṃ (syā. kaṃ.), sāyaṃ (ka.)], bhikkhave, akusalarāsi yadidaṃ pañca nīvaraṇā. Katame pañca? Kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ. Akusalarāsīti, bhikkhave, vadamāno ime pañca nīvaraṇe sammā vadamāno vadeyya. Kevalo hāyaṃ, bhikkhave, akusalarāsi yadidaṃ pañca nīvaraṇā』』ti. Dutiyaṃ.

3. Padhāniyaṅgasuttaṃ

這是對所提供文字的完整直譯: (6) 1. 蓋障品 1. 障礙經 51. 如是我聞。一時，世尊住舍衛城(現今印度北方邦斯拉瓦斯蒂)祇樹給孤獨園。在那裡，世尊對比丘們說道:"比丘們。""尊者。"那些比丘回答世尊。世尊如此說道: "比丘們,這五種是障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧。哪五種?比丘們,欲貪是障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧。比丘們,嗔恚是障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧。比丘們,昏沉睡眠是障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧。比丘們,掉舉惡作是障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧。比丘們,疑惑是障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧。比丘們,這些就是五種障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧。 "比丘們,如果一位比丘不斷除這五種障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧,以微弱的智慧,他將無法了知自利、他利、兩利,或證悟超越人法的殊勝聖智見,這是不可能的。比丘們,就像一條山間河流,流程長遠,水流湍急,沖刷一切。如果有人在兩岸開口,那麼,比丘們,河中的水流就會分散、擴散、分裂,既不能長遠流動,也不能湍急流動,也不能沖刷一切。同樣地,比丘們,如果一位比丘不斷除這五種障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧,以微弱的智慧,他將無法了知自利、他利、兩利,或證悟超越人法的殊勝聖智見,這是不可能的。 "比丘們,如果一位比丘斷除這五種障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧,以強大的智慧,他將能了知自利、他利、兩利,或證悟超越人法的殊勝聖智見,這是可能的。比丘們,就像一條山間河流,流程長遠,水流湍急,沖刷一切。如果有人堵住兩岸開口,那麼,比丘們,河中的水流就不會分散、不會擴散、不會分裂,能長遠流動,能湍急流動,能沖刷一切。同樣地,比丘們,如果一位比丘斷除這五種障礙、蓋障,覆蓋心靈,削弱智慧,以強大的智慧,他將能了知自利、他利、兩利,或證悟超越人法的殊勝聖智見,這是可能的。"第一。 2. 不善聚經 52. "比丘們,如果說'不善聚',正確地說就是指這五蓋。比丘們,這整個不善聚就是這五蓋。哪五種?欲貪蓋、嗔恚蓋、昏沉睡眠蓋、掉舉惡作蓋、疑惑蓋。比丘們,如果說'不善聚',正確地說就是指這五蓋。比丘們,這整個不善聚就是這五蓋。"第二。 3. 精進支經

1. 『『Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, padhāniyaṅgāni. Katamāni pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – 『itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā』ti . Appābādho hoti appātaṅko; samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya; asaṭho hoti amāyāvī; yathābhūtaṃ attānaṃ āvikattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu; āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu; paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca padhāniyaṅgānī』』ti. Tatiyaṃ.

2. Samayasuttaṃ

3. 『『Pañcime , bhikkhave, asamayā padhānāya. Katame pañca? Idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu jiṇṇo hoti jarāyābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu byādhito hoti byādhinābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, dubbhikkhaṃ hoti dussassaṃ dullabhapiṇḍaṃ, na sukaraṃ uñchena paggahena yāpetuṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhayaṃ hoti aṭavisaṅkopo, cakkasamārūḷhā jānapadā pariyāyanti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅgho bhinno hoti. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, bhinne aññamaññaṃ akkosā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ pariccajā ca honti. Tattha appasannā ceva nappasīdanti, pasannānañca ekaccānaṃ aññathattaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo asamayo padhānāya. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca asamayā padhānāyāti.

『『Pañcime, bhikkhave, samayā padhānāya. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu daharo hoti yuvā susu kāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu appābādho hoti appātaṅko, samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, subhikkhaṃ hoti susassaṃ sulabhapiṇḍaṃ, sukaraṃ uñchena paggahena yāpetuṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, manussā samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharanti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅgho samaggo sammodamāno avivadamāno ekuddeso phāsu viharati. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, samagge na ceva aññamaññaṃ akkosā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ pariccajā honti. Tattha appasannā ceva pasīdanti, pasannānañca bhiyyobhāvo [bhīyyobhāvāya (ka.)] hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo samayo padhānāya. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca samayā padhānāyā』』ti. Catutthaṃ.

1. Mātāputtasuttaṃ

2. 『『Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, padhāniyaṅgāni. Katamāni pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – 『itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā』ti . Appābādho hoti appātaṅko; samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya; asaṭho hoti amāyāvī; yathābhūtaṃ attānaṃ āvikattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu; āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu; paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca padhāniyaṅgānī』』ti. Tatiyaṃ.

3. Samayasuttaṃ

4. 『『Pañcime , bhikkhave, asamayā padhānāya. Katame pañca? Idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu jiṇṇo hoti jarāyābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu byādhito hoti byādhinābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, dubbhikkhaṃ hoti dussassaṃ dullabhapiṇḍaṃ, na sukaraṃ uñchena paggahena yāpetuṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhayaṃ hoti aṭavisaṅkopo, cakkasamārūḷhā jānapadā pariyāyanti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho asamayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅgho bhinno hoti. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, bhinne aññamaññaṃ akkosā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ pariccajā ca honti. Tattha appasannā ceva nappasīdanti, pasannānañca ekaccānaṃ aññathattaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo asamayo padhānāya. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca asamayā padhānāyāti.

『『Pañcime, bhikkhave, samayā padhānāya. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu daharo hoti yuvā susu kāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu appābādho hoti appātaṅko, samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, subhikkhaṃ hoti susassaṃ sulabhapiṇḍaṃ, sukaraṃ uñchena paggahena yāpetuṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, manussā samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharanti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho samayo padhānāya.

『『Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅgho samaggo sammodamāno avivadamāno ekuddeso phāsu viharati. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, samagge na ceva aññamaññaṃ akkosā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ pariccajā honti. Tattha appasannā ceva pasīdanti, pasannānañca bhiyyobhāvo [bhīyyobhāvāya (ka.)] hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo samayo padhānāya. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca samayā padhānāyā』』ti. Catutthaṃ.

1. Mātāputtasuttaṃ

2. "比丘們,這五種是精進的要素。哪五種?在此,比丘們,比丘有信心,相信如來的覺悟 - '世尊確實是阿羅漢、正等正覺、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊'。他少病少惱,具有平衡的消化能力,不太冷也不太熱,適中,能夠精進。他不虛偽不欺詐,如實向導師或有智慧的同梵行者顯露自己。他精進地住,為斷不善法,為具足善法,堅強、堅定精進、不捨善法的擔子。他有智慧,具足能洞察生滅的智慧,這種聖者的智慧能正確地導向苦的滅盡。比丘們,這些就是五種精進的要素。"第三。

3. 時機經
4. "比丘們,這五種是不適合精進的時機。哪五種?在此,比丘們,比丘年老,被衰老所壓倒。比丘們,這是第一個不適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,比丘生病,被疾病所壓倒。比丘們,這是第二個不適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,發生饑荒,收成不好,食物難得,不容易靠乞食維生。比丘們,這是第三個不適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,有危險,森林中有叛亂,車輪武裝的人在鄉村遊蕩。比丘們,這是第四個不適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,僧團分裂。比丘們,當僧團分裂時,彼此辱罵,彼此責難,彼此排斥,彼此拋棄。在那裡,不信的人不生信,有些已信的人改變想法。比丘們,這是第五個不適合精進的時機。比丘們,這些就是五種不適合精進的時機。 比丘們,這五種是適合精進的時機。哪五種?在此,比丘們,比丘年輕,青春年少,頭髮烏黑,具有美好的青春,正值人生的第一階段。比丘們,這是第一個適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,比丘少病少惱,具有平衡的消化能力,不太冷也不太熱,適中,能夠精進。比丘們,這是第二個適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,豐收年景好,食物容易得到,容易靠乞食維生。比丘們,這是第三個適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,人們和睦相處,互相歡喜,不爭吵,如水乳交融,以慈愛的眼光看待彼此。比丘們,這是第四個適合精進的時機。 再者,比丘們,僧團和睦,歡喜,不爭吵,遵循同一戒律,安樂地生活。比丘們,當僧團和睦時,彼此不辱罵,不責難,不排斥,不拋棄。在那裡,不信的人生信,已信的人信心增長。比丘們,這是第五個適合精進的時機。比丘們,這些就是五種適合精進的時機。"第四。

5. 母子經

6. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyaṃ ubho mātāputtā vassāvāsaṃ upagamiṃsu [upasaṅkamiṃsu (ka.)] – bhikkhu ca bhikkhunī ca. Te aññamaññassa abhiṇhaṃ dassanakāmā ahesuṃ. Mātāpi puttassa abhiṇhaṃ dassanakāmā ahosi; puttopi mātaraṃ abhiṇhaṃ dassanakāmo ahosi. Tesaṃ abhiṇhaṃ dassanā saṃsaggo ahosi. Saṃsagge sati vissāso ahosi. Vissāse sati otāro ahosi. Te otiṇṇacittā sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseviṃsu.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – 『『idha, bhante, sāvatthiyaṃ ubho mātāputtā vassāvāsaṃ upagamiṃsu – bhikkhu ca bhikkhunī ca, te aññamaññassa abhiṇhaṃ dassanakāmā ahesuṃ, mātāpi puttassa abhiṇhaṃ dassanakāmā ahosi, puttopi mātaraṃ abhiṇhaṃ dassanakāmo ahosi. Tesaṃ abhiṇhaṃ dassanā saṃsaggo ahosi, saṃsagge sati vissāso ahosi, vissāse sati otāro ahosi, te otiṇṇacittā sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseviṃsū』』ti.

『『Kiṃ nu so, bhikkhave, moghapuriso maññati – 『na mātā putte sārajjati, putto vā pana mātarī』ti? Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmi evaṃ [yaṃ evaṃ (sī.)] rajanīyaṃ evaṃ kamanīyaṃ evaṃ madanīyaṃ evaṃ bandhanīyaṃ evaṃ mucchanīyaṃ evaṃ antarāyakaraṃ anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthirūpaṃ. Itthirūpe, bhikkhave, sattā rattā giddhā gathitā [gadhitā (syā. pī. ka.)] mucchitā ajjhosannā [ajjhopannā (bahūsu)]. Te dīgharattaṃ socanti itthirūpavasānugā.

『『Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekasaddampi…pe… ekagandhampi… ekarasampi… ekaphoṭṭhabbampi samanupassāmi evaṃ rajanīyaṃ evaṃ kamanīyaṃ evaṃ madanīyaṃ evaṃ bandhanīyaṃ evaṃ mucchanīyaṃ evaṃ antarāyakaraṃ anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthiphoṭṭhabbaṃ . Itthiphoṭṭhabbe, bhikkhave, sattā rattā giddhā gathitā mucchitā ajjhosannā. Te dīgharattaṃ socanti itthiphoṭṭhabbavasānugā.

『『Itthī, bhikkhave, gacchantīpi purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati; ṭhitāpi…pe… nisinnāpi… sayānāpi… hasantīpi… bhaṇantīpi… gāyantīpi… rodantīpi… ugghātitāpi [ugghānitāpi (sī.)] … matāpi purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati. Yañhi taṃ, bhikkhave, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – 『samantapāso mārassā』ti mātugāmaṃyeva sammā vadamāno vadeyya – 『samantapāso mārassā』』』ti.

『『Sallape asihatthena, pisācenāpi sallape;

Āsīvisampi āsīde [āsadde (syā. kaṃ.)], yena daṭṭho na jīvati.

『『Natveva eko ekāya, mātugāmena sallape;

Muṭṭhassatiṃ tā bandhanti, pekkhitena sitena ca [mhitena ca (syā. kaṃ.)].

『『Athopi dunnivatthena, mañjunā bhaṇitena ca;

Neso jano svāsīsado, api ugghātito mato.

『『Pañca kāmaguṇā ete, itthirūpasmiṃ dissare;

Rūpā saddā rasā gandhā, phoṭṭhabbā ca manoramā.

『『Tesaṃ kāmoghavūḷhānaṃ, kāme aparijānataṃ;

Kālaṃ gati [gatiṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] bhavābhavaṃ, saṃsārasmiṃ purakkhatā.

『『Ye ca kāme pariññāya, caranti akutobhayā;

Te ve pāraṅgatā loke, ye pattā āsavakkhaya』』nti. pañcamaṃ;

1. Upajjhāyasuttaṃ

2. 有一次,世尊住在舍衛城(現今印度北方邦斯拉瓦斯蒂鎮)祇樹給孤獨園。那時,在舍衛城有一對母子——一位比丘和一位比丘尼——來此度過雨安居。他們渴望經常見到彼此。母親渴望經常見到兒子;兒子也渴望經常見到母親。由於他們經常見面,產生了親密。有了親密就有了信任。有了信任就有了機會。他們心中有了機會,沒有捨棄戒律,沒有表明軟弱,就行了淫慾之法。 這時,許多比丘來到世尊那裡,向世尊禮拜後坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那些比丘對世尊說:"尊者,在舍衛城這裡,有一對母子——一位比丘和一位比丘尼——來此度過雨安居。他們渴望經常見到彼此,母親渴望經常見到兒子,兒子也渴望經常見到母親。由於他們經常見面,產生了親密。有了親密就有了信任。有了信任就有了機會。他們心中有了機會,沒有捨棄戒律,沒有表明軟弱,就行了淫慾之法。" "比丘們,那愚蠢的人以為什麼?'母親不會對兒子產生慾望,兒子也不會對母親產生慾望'嗎?比丘們,我看不到任何其他單一色相如此令人貪愛、如此令人喜愛、如此令人迷醉、如此令人束縛、如此令人癡迷、如此能障礙證得無上解脫,就像這女人的色相,比丘們。比丘們,眾生對女人的色相貪愛、貪求、執著、癡迷、沉溺。他們長期追隨女人的色相而悲傷。 比丘們,我看不到任何其他單一聲音......單一氣味......單一味道......單一觸覺如此令人貪愛、如此令人喜愛、如此令人迷醉、如此令人束縛、如此令人癡迷、如此能障礙證得無上解脫,就像這女人的觸覺,比丘們。比丘們,眾生對女人的觸覺貪愛、貪求、執著、癡迷、沉溺。他們長期追隨女人的觸覺而悲傷。 比丘們,女人走路時也能吸引男人的心;站立時......坐著時......躺著時......笑時......說話時......唱歌時......哭泣時......受傷時......甚至死亡時也能吸引男人的心。比丘們,如果有人正確地說'魔羅的全面陷阱',他就是在正確地說'女人'就是'魔羅的全面陷阱'。" "寧可與持劍者交談,寧可與惡鬼交談; 寧可接近毒蛇,被咬就不能活命。 但不要單獨一人,與女人交談; 她們以目光和微笑,使人失去正念。 即使衣著不整,或說話溫柔, 這樣的人不易接近,即使受傷或死亡。 這五種感官欲樂,在女人身上可見; 色、聲、味、香,以及悅意的觸。 被欲流沖走的人們,不了知慾望, 在輪迴中經歷生死,追求種種存在。 那些完全了知慾望,無所畏懼而行的人, 他們已度過此世,已達到漏盡。"第五。

3. 和尚經

4. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena sako upajjhāyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakaṃ upajjhāyaṃ etadavoca – 『『etarahi me, bhante, madhurakajāto ceva kāyo, disā ca me na pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca maṃ nappaṭibhanti, thinamiddhañca me cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, anabhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, atthi ca me dhammesu vicikicchā』』ti.

Atha kho so bhikkhu taṃ saddhivihārikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – 『『ayaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu evamāha – 『etarahi me, bhante, madhurakajāto ceva kāyo, disā ca maṃ na pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca me nappaṭibhanti, thinamiddhañca me cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, anabhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, atthi ca me dhammesu vicikicchā』』』ti.

『『Evañhetaṃ , bhikkhu, hoti indriyesu aguttadvārassa, bhojane amattaññuno, jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttassa, avipassakassa kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, pubbarattāpararattaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogaṃ ananuyuttassa viharato, yaṃ madhurakajāto ceva kāyo hoti, disā cassa na pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca taṃ nappaṭibhanti, thinamiddhañcassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, anabhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carati, hoti cassa dhammesu vicikicchā. Tasmātiha te, bhikkhu, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – 『indriyesu guttadvāro bhavissāmi, bhojane mattaññū, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto, vipassako kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, pubbarattāpararattaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyutto viharissāmī』ti. Evañhi te, bhikkhu, sikkhitabba』』nti.

Atha kho so bhikkhu bhagavatā iminā ovādena ovadito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho so bhikkhu eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. 『『Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā』』ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro pana so bhikkhu arahataṃ ahosi.

Atha kho so bhikkhu arahattaṃ patto yena sako upajjhāyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakaṃ upajjhāyaṃ etadavoca – 『『etarahi me, bhante, na ceva [na tveva (sī.)] madhurakajāto kāyo, disā ca me pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca maṃ paṭibhanti, thinamiddhañca me cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, abhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, natthi ca me dhammesu vicikicchā』』ti. Atha kho so bhikkhu taṃ saddhivihārikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – 『『ayaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu evamāha – 『etarahi me, bhante, na ceva madhurakajāto kāyo, disā ca me pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca maṃ paṭibhanti, thinamiddhañca me cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, abhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, natthi ca me dhammesu vicikicchā』』』ti.

『『Evañhetaṃ, bhikkhu, hoti indriyesu guttadvārassa, bhojane mattaññuno, jāgariyaṃ anuyuttassa, vipassakassa kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, pubbarattāpararattaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa viharato, yaṃ na ceva madhurakajāto kāyo hoti, disā cassa pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca taṃ paṭibhanti, thinamiddhañcassa cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, abhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carati, na cassa hoti dhammesu vicikicchā. Tasmātiha vo, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – 『indriyesu guttadvārā bhavissāma, bhojane mattaññuno, jāgariyaṃ anuyuttā, vipassakā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, pubbarattāpararattaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttā viharissāmā』ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba』』nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

1. Abhiṇhapaccavekkhitabbaṭhānasuttaṃ

2. 這時,有一位比丘來到他的和尚那裡,到了之後對和尚說:"尊者,現在我的身體變得沉重,方向對我來說不清楚,法也不能啓發我,昏沉睡眠佔據了我的心,我不喜歡修行梵行,我對法有懷疑。" 於是那位比丘帶著他的共住弟子來到世尊那裡,到了之後向世尊禮拜,然後坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,那位比丘對世尊說:"尊者,這位比丘這樣說:'尊者,現在我的身體變得沉重,方向對我來說不清楚,法也不能啓發我,昏沉睡眠佔據了我的心,我不喜歡修行梵行,我對法有懷疑。'" "比丘,對於不守護諸根門、飲食不知節制、不勤修警寤、不觀察善法、不在初夜后夜修習菩提分法的人來說,確實會這樣:身體變得沉重,方向不清楚,法不能啓發,昏沉睡眠佔據心,不喜歡修行梵行,對法有懷疑。因此,比丘,你應當這樣學:'我將守護諸根門,飲食知節制,勤修警寤,觀察善法,在初夜后夜修習菩提分法。'比丘,你應當這樣學。" 那位比丘得到世尊這樣的教導后,從座位上起身,向世尊禮拜,右繞后離開。那位比丘獨處、遠離、不放逸、熱忱、精進地生活,不久就證得了 - 善男子正確地出家所追求的 - 無上梵行的究竟。他現世自知、證悟、成就並安住於此。他了知:"生已盡,梵行已立,所作已辦,不受後有。"那位比丘成為阿羅漢之一。 那位證得阿羅漢果的比丘來到他的和尚那裡,到了之後對和尚說:"尊者,現在我的身體不再沉重,方向對我來說清楚,法能啓發我,昏沉睡眠不再佔據我的心,我喜歡修行梵行,我對法沒有懷疑。"於是那位比丘帶著他的共住弟子來到世尊那裡,到了之後向世尊禮拜,然後坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,那位比丘對世尊說:"尊者,這位比丘這樣說:'尊者,現在我的身體不再沉重,方向對我來說清楚,法能啓發我,昏沉睡眠不再佔據我的心,我喜歡修行梵行,我對法沒有懷疑。'" "比丘,對於守護諸根門、飲食知節制、勤修警寤、觀察善法、在初夜后夜修習菩提分法的人來說,確實會這樣:身體不再沉重,方向清楚,法能啓發,昏沉睡眠不佔據心,喜歡修行梵行,對法沒有懷疑。因此,比丘們,你們應當這樣學:'我們將守護諸根門,飲食知節制,勤修警寤,觀察善法,在初夜后夜修習菩提分法。'比丘們,你們應當這樣學。"第六。

3. 應常觀察之處經

4. 『『Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, ṭhānāni abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbāni itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā. Katamāni pañca? 『Jarādhammomhi, jaraṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā. 『Byādhidhammomhi, byādhiṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā. 『Maraṇadhammomhi, maraṇaṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā. 『Sabbehi me piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā. 『Kammassakomhi, kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaṭisaraṇo. Yaṃ kammaṃ karissāmi – kalyāṇaṃ vā pāpakaṃ vā – tassa dāyādo bhavissāmī』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā.

『『Kiñca, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『jarādhammomhi, jaraṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā? Atthi, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ yobbane yobbanamado, yena madena mattā kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato yo yobbane yobbanamado so sabbaso vā pahīyati tanu vā pana hoti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『jarādhammomhi, jaraṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā.

『『Kiñca , bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『byādhidhammomhi, byādhiṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā? Atthi, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ ārogye ārogyamado, yena madena mattā kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato yo ārogye ārogyamado so sabbaso vā pahīyati tanu vā pana hoti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『byādhidhammomhi, byādhiṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā.

『『Kiñca, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『maraṇadhammomhi, maraṇaṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā? Atthi, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ jīvite jīvitamado, yena madena mattā kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato yo jīvite jīvitamado so sabbaso vā pahīyati tanu vā pana hoti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『maraṇadhammomhi, maraṇaṃ anatīto』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā.

『『Kiñca, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『sabbehi me piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā? Atthi, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ piyesu manāpesu yo chandarāgo yena rāgena rattā kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato yo piyesu manāpesu chandarāgo so sabbaso vā pahīyati tanu vā pana hoti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『sabbehi me piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā.

1. "比丘們,這五處應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。哪五處? '我是會老的,沒有超越衰老'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 '我是會病的,沒有超越疾病'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 '我是會死的,沒有超越死亡'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 '我必將與所有親愛可意的人事物分離'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 '我是業的所有者,業的繼承者,以業為起源,以業為親屬,以業為依歸。無論我造作什麼業——善或惡——我將成為它的繼承者'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 比丘們,為什麼'我是會老的,沒有超越衰老'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察?比丘們,眾生在青春時有青春的驕慢,因為這種驕慢而醉心於身體的惡行、語言的惡行、意念的惡行。如果他經常觀察這一點,那麼青春的驕慢要麼完全消除,要麼減弱。比丘們,這就是為什麼'我是會老的,沒有超越衰老'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 比丘們,為什麼'我是會病的,沒有超越疾病'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察?比丘們,眾生在健康時有健康的驕慢,因為這種驕慢而醉心於身體的惡行、語言的惡行、意念的惡行。如果他經常觀察這一點,那麼健康的驕慢要麼完全消除,要麼減弱。比丘們,這就是為什麼'我是會病的,沒有超越疾病'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 比丘們,為什麼'我是會死的,沒有超越死亡'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察?比丘們,眾生在生命中有生命的驕慢,因為這種驕慢而醉心於身體的惡行、語言的惡行、意念的惡行。如果他經常觀察這一點,那麼生命的驕慢要麼完全消除,要麼減弱。比丘們,這就是為什麼'我是會死的,沒有超越死亡'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 比丘們,為什麼'我必將與所有親愛可意的人事物分離'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察?比丘們,眾生對親愛可意的人事物有慾望和貪愛,因為這種貪愛而醉心於身體的惡行、語言的惡行、意念的惡行。如果他經常觀察這一點,那麼對親愛可意的人事物的慾望和貪愛要麼完全消除,要麼減弱。比丘們,這就是為什麼'我必將與所有親愛可意的人事物分離'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。

『『Kiñca, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『kammassakomhi, kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaṭisaraṇo, yaṃ kammaṃ karissāmi – kalyāṇaṃ vā pāpakaṃ vā – tassa dāyādo bhavissāmī』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā ? Atthi, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato sabbaso vā duccaritaṃ pahīyati tanu vā pana hoti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca 『kammassakomhi, kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaṭisaraṇo, yaṃ kammaṃ karissāmi – kalyāṇaṃ vā pāpakaṃ vā – tassa dāyādo bhavissāmī』ti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā.

『『Sa kho [sace (pī. ka.)] so, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – 『na kho ahaññeveko jarādhammo [ahañceveko jarādhammomhi (ka.)] jaraṃ anatīto, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbe sattā jarādhammā jaraṃ anatītā』ti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni sabbaso pahīyanti anusayā byantīhonti.

『『Sa kho so, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – 『na kho ahaññeveko byādhidhammo byādhiṃ anatīto, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbe sattā byādhidhammā byādhiṃ anatītā』ti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni sabbaso pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.

『『Sa kho so, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – 『na kho ahaññeveko maraṇadhammo maraṇaṃ anatīto, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbe sattā maraṇadhammā maraṇaṃ anatītā』ti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni sabbaso pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.

『『Sa kho so, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – 『na kho mayhevekassa sabbehi piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo』ti. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni sabbaso pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.

『『Sa kho so, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – 『na kho ahaññeveko kammassako kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammappaṭisaraṇo, yaṃ kammaṃ karissāmi – kalyāṇaṃ vā pāpakaṃ vā – tassa dāyādo bhavissāmi; atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbe sattā kammassakā kammadāyādā kammayoni kammabandhu kammappaṭisaraṇā, yaṃ kammaṃ karissanti – kalyāṇaṃ vā pāpakaṃ vā – tassa dāyādā bhavissantī』ti . Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni sabbaso pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhontī』』ti.

『『Byādhidhammā jarādhammā, atho maraṇadhammino;

Yathā dhammā tathā sattā [santā (syā. kaṃ.)], jigucchanti puthujjanā.

『『Ahañce taṃ jiguccheyyaṃ, evaṃ dhammesu pāṇisu;

Na metaṃ patirūpassa, mama evaṃ vihārino.

『『Sohaṃ evaṃ viharanto, ñatvā dhammaṃ nirūpadhiṃ;

Ārogye yobbanasmiñca, jīvitasmiñca ye madā.

『『Sabbe made abhibhosmi, nekkhammaṃ daṭṭhu khemato [nekkhamme daṭṭhu khemataṃ (a. ni. 3.39) ubhayatthapi aṭṭhakathāya sameti];

Tassa me ahu ussāho, nibbānaṃ abhipassato.

『『Nāhaṃ bhabbo etarahi, kāmāni paṭisevituṃ;

Anivatti [anivattī (?)] bhavissāmi, brahmacariyaparāyaṇo』』ti. sattamaṃ;

1. Licchavikumārakasuttaṃ

比丘們,為什麼'我是業的所有者,業的繼承者,以業為起源,以業為親屬,以業為依歸。無論我造作什麼業——善或惡——我將成為它的繼承者'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察?比丘們,眾生有身體的惡行、語言的惡行、意念的惡行。如果他經常觀察這一點,那麼所有的惡行要麼完全消除,要麼減弱。比丘們,這就是為什麼'我是業的所有者,業的繼承者,以業為起源,以業為親屬,以業為依歸。無論我造作什麼業——善或惡——我將成為它的繼承者'應當經常被女人或男人、在家人或出家人所觀察。 比丘們,如果那位聖弟子這樣思考:'不僅僅是我一個人會老,沒有超越衰老,而是所有眾生的來、去、死、生,所有眾生都會老,沒有超越衰老。'他經常觀察這一點,道路就會生起。他修習、培育、多作這條道路。當他修習、培育、多作這條道路時,一切結縛完全斷除,潛在傾向消失。 比丘們,如果那位聖弟子這樣思考:'不僅僅是我一個人會病,沒有超越疾病,而是所有眾生的來、去、死、生,所有眾生都會病,沒有超越疾病。'他經常觀察這一點,道路就會生起。他修習、培育、多作這條道路。當他修習、培育、多作這條道路時,一切結縛完全斷除,潛在傾向消失。 比丘們,如果那位聖弟子這樣思考:'不僅僅是我一個人會死,沒有超越死亡,而是所有眾生的來、去、死、生,所有眾生都會死,沒有超越死亡。'他經常觀察這一點,道路就會生起。他修習、培育、多作這條道路。當他修習、培育、多作這條道路時,一切結縛完全斷除,潛在傾向消失。 比丘們,如果那位聖弟子這樣思考:'不僅僅是我一個人必將與所有親愛可意的人事物分離,而是所有眾生的來、去、死、生,所有眾生都必將與親愛可意的人事物分離。'他經常觀察這一點,道路就會生起。他修習、培育、多作這條道路。當他修習、培育、多作這條道路時,一切結縛完全斷除,潛在傾向消失。 比丘們,如果那位聖弟子這樣思考:'不僅僅是我一個人是業的所有者,業的繼承者,以業為起源,以業為親屬,以業為依歸,無論我造作什麼業——善或惡——我將成為它的繼承者,而是所有眾生的來、去、死、生,所有眾生都是業的所有者,業的繼承者,以業為起源,以業為親屬,以業為依歸,無論他們造作什麼業——善或惡——他們將成為它的繼承者。'他經常觀察這一點,道路就會生起。他修習、培育、多作這條道路。當他修習、培育、多作這條道路時,一切結縛完全斷除,潛在傾向消失。" "會病會老,以及會死, 眾生如是,凡夫厭惡。 若我厭惡,如是眾生, 於我不適,如是生活。 我如是住,知無依法, 健康青春,生命驕慢, 我皆克服,見出離安。 於我生起,精進向涅槃。 我今不能,再享欲樂, 必不退轉,趣向梵行。"第七。 8. 離車童子經

1. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya vesāliṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Vesāliyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā licchavikumārakā sajjāni dhanūni ādāya kukkurasaṅghaparivutā mahāvane anucaṅkamamānā anuvicaramānā addasu bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ; disvāna sajjāni dhanūni nikkhipitvā kukkurasaṅghaṃ ekamantaṃ uyyojetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā tuṇhībhūtā tuṇhībhūtā pañjalikā bhagavantaṃ payirupāsanti.

Tena kho pana samayena mahānāmo licchavi mahāvane jaṅghāvihāraṃ anucaṅkamamāno addasa te licchavikumārake tuṇhībhūte tuṇhībhūte pañjalike bhagavantaṃ payirupāsante; disvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mahānāmo licchavi udānaṃ udānesi – 『bhavissanti vajjī, bhavissanti vajjī』』』ti!

『『Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, mahānāma, evaṃ vadesi – 『bhavissanti vajjī, bhavissanti vajjī』』』ti? 『『Ime, bhante, licchavikumārakā caṇḍā pharusā apānubhā [apajahāti (sī.), apāṭubhā (syā. kaṃ.), apajahā (pī.), apānutā (katthaci)]. Yānipi tāni kulesu paheṇakāni [pahīnakāni (sī.), pahīṇakāni (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] pahīyanti, ucchūti vā badarāti vā pūvāti vā modakāti vā saṃkulikāti vā [sakkhalikāti vā (sī. pī.)], tāni vilumpitvā vilumpitvā khādanti; kulitthīnampi kulakumārīnampi pacchāliyaṃ khipanti. Te dānime tuṇhībhūtā tuṇhībhūtā pañjalikā bhagavantaṃ payirupāsantī』』ti.

『『Yassa kassaci, mahānāma, kulaputtassa pañca dhammā saṃvijjanti – yadi vā rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa, yadi vā raṭṭhikassa pettanikassa [muddhābhisittassa (ka.) a. ni.

1. 有一次,世尊住在毗舍離(現今印度比哈爾邦瓦伊沙利)大林重閣講堂。那時,世尊在上午穿好衣服,拿著缽和衣進入毗舍離乞食。在毗舍離乞食后,飯後返回,進入大林,在一棵樹下坐下來度過午後。 那時,許多離車族的年輕人帶著弓箭,被一群狗環繞,在大林中漫步遊蕩,看見世尊坐在一棵樹下。看見后,他們放下弓箭,把狗群趕到一邊,然後走向世尊。走近后,向世尊禮拜,然後默默地、合掌地坐在世尊面前。 那時,離車族的摩訶男在大林中散步,看見那些離車族的年輕人默默地、合掌地坐在世尊面前。看見后,他走向世尊。走近后,向世尊禮拜,然後坐在一旁。坐在一旁的離車族摩訶男感嘆道:"跋耆人將會興盛,跋耆人將會興盛!" "摩訶男,你為什麼這樣說:'跋耆人將會興盛,跋耆人將會興盛'?" "尊者,這些離車族的年輕人兇暴、粗魯、不知羞恥。即使是那些在家族中被送來的禮物,不管是甘蔗、棗子、糕點、甜食還是餅乾,他們都會搶奪著吃掉。他們還會推搡家族中的婦女和少女。現在他們卻默默地、合掌地坐在世尊面前。" "摩訶男,任何族姓子,無論是已灌頂的剎帝利國王,還是世襲的地方首領,如果具備五種法,就會興盛,不會衰落。哪五種?

5.135, 136 passitabbaṃ], yadi vā senāya senāpatikassa, yadi vā gāmagāmaṇikassa, yadi vā pūgagāmaṇikassa, ye vā pana kulesu paccekādhipaccaṃ kārenti, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.

『『Katame pañca? Idha, mahānāma, kulaputto uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi mātāpitaro sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti pūjeti . Tamenaṃ mātāpitaro sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti – 『ciraṃ jīva, dīghamāyuṃ pālehī』ti. Mātāpitānukampitassa, mahānāma, kulaputtassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.

『『Puna caparaṃ, mahānāma, kulaputto uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi puttadāradāsakammakaraporise [… sāmantasaṃvohāre (sī. pī.)] sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti pūjeti. Tamenaṃ puttadāradāsakammakaraporisā sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti – 『ciraṃ jīva, dīghamāyuṃ pālehī』ti. Puttadāradāsakammakaraporisānukampitassa, mahānāma, kulaputtassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.

『『Puna caparaṃ, mahānāma, kulaputto uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi khettakammantasāmantasabyohāre sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti pūjeti. Tamenaṃ khettakammantasāmantasabyohārā sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti – 『ciraṃ jīva, dīghamāyuṃ pālehī』ti. Khettakammantasāmantasabyohārānukampitassa, mahānāma, kulaputtassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.

『『Puna caparaṃ, mahānāma, kulaputto uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi yāvatā balipaṭiggāhikā devatā sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti pūjeti. Tamenaṃ balipaṭiggāhikā devatā sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti – 『ciraṃ jīva, dīghamāyuṃ pālehī』ti. Devatānukampitassa, mahānāma, kulaputtassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.

『『Puna caparaṃ, mahānāma, kulaputto uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi samaṇabrāhmaṇe sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti pūjeti. Tamenaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti – 『ciraṃ jīva, dīghamāyuṃ pālehī』ti. Samaṇabrāhmaṇānukampitassa , mahānāma, kulaputtassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.

『『Yassa kassaci, mahānāma, kulaputtassa ime pañca dhammā saṃvijjanti – yadi vā rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa, yadi vā raṭṭhikassa pettanikassa , yadi vā senāya senāpatikassa, yadi vā gāmagāmaṇikassa, yadi vā pūgagāmaṇikassa, ye vā pana kulesu paccekādhipaccaṃ kārenti, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihānī』』ti.

『『Mātāpitukiccakaro, puttadārahito sadā;

Antojanassa atthāya, ye cassa anujīvino.

『『Ubhinnañceva atthāya, vadaññū hoti sīlavā;

Ñātīnaṃ pubbapetānaṃ, diṭṭhe dhamme ca jīvataṃ [jīvinaṃ (sī.), jīvitaṃ (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)].

『『Samaṇānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ, devatānañca paṇḍito;

Vittisañjanano hoti, dhammena gharamāvasaṃ.

『『So karitvāna kalyāṇaṃ, pujjo hoti pasaṃsiyo;

Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī』』ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

1. Paṭhamavuḍḍhapabbajitasuttaṃ

2. 『『Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato dullabho vuḍḍhapabbajito. Katamehi pañcahi? Dullabho, bhikkhave, vuḍḍhapabbajito nipuṇo, dullabho ākappasampanno, dullabho bahussuto , dullabho dhammakathiko, dullabho vinayadharo. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato dullabho vuḍḍhapabbajito』』ti. Navamaṃ.

3. Dutiyavuḍḍhapabbajitasuttaṃ

在此,摩訶男,族姓子以勤勞努力獲得的、以雙臂力量積累的、以汗水掙得的、如法獲得的、正當得來的財富,尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養父母。父母被他尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養后,以善意憐憫他:'愿你長壽,保持長壽。'摩訶男,被父母憐憫的族姓子只會興盛,不會衰落。 再者,摩訶男,族姓子以勤勞努力獲得的、以雙臂力量積累的、以汗水掙得的、如法獲得的、正當得來的財富,尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養妻子兒女、奴僕工人。妻子兒女、奴僕工人被他尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養后,以善意憐憫他:'愿你長壽,保持長壽。'摩訶男,被妻子兒女、奴僕工人憐憫的族姓子只會興盛,不會衰落。 再者,摩訶男,族姓子以勤勞努力獲得的、以雙臂力量積累的、以汗水掙得的、如法獲得的、正當得來的財富,尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養田地工人和鄰居。田地工人和鄰居被他尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養后,以善意憐憫他:'愿你長壽,保持長壽。'摩訶男,被田地工人和鄰居憐憫的族姓子只會興盛,不會衰落。 再者,摩訶男,族姓子以勤勞努力獲得的、以雙臂力量積累的、以汗水掙得的、如法獲得的、正當得來的財富,尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養接受供奉的諸神。接受供奉的諸神被他尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養后,以善意憐憫他:'愿你長壽,保持長壽。'摩訶男,被諸神憐憫的族姓子只會興盛,不會衰落。 再者,摩訶男,族姓子以勤勞努力獲得的、以雙臂力量積累的、以汗水掙得的、如法獲得的、正當得來的財富,尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養沙門婆羅門。沙門婆羅門被他尊敬、尊重、尊崇、供養后,以善意憐憫他:'愿你長壽,保持長壽。'摩訶男,被沙門婆羅門憐憫的族姓子只會興盛,不會衰落。 摩訶男,任何族姓子,無論是已灌頂的剎帝利國王,還是世襲的地方首領,或是軍隊的將軍,或是村莊的首領,或是團體的首領,或是在家族中行使個人統治權的人,如果具備這五種法,就會興盛,不會衰落。" "孝順父母者,常愛護妻兒, 為家人謀利,及其所依者。 為兩者利益,慷慨且有戒, 為亡故親屬,及現世親族。 為沙門婆羅門,及諸神明者, 賢者住在家,如法生歡喜。 他行此善事,值得讚頌敬, 此世受稱讚,來世生天樂。"第八。 9. 第一高齡出家經 59. "比丘們,具備五法的高齡出家者是稀有的。哪五法?比丘們,高齡出家者精通細微之處是稀有的,威儀具足是稀有的,多聞博學是稀有的,善於說法是稀有的,持戒律者是稀有的。比丘們,具備這五法的高齡出家者是稀有的。"第九。 10. 第二高齡出家經

1. 『『Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato dullabho vuḍḍhapabbajito. Katamehi pañcahi? Dullabho, bhikkhave, vuḍḍhapabbajito suvaco, dullabho suggahitaggāhī , dullabho padakkhiṇaggāhī, dullabho dhammakathiko, dullabho vinayadharo. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato dullabho vuḍḍhapabbajito』』ti. Dasamaṃ.

Nīvaraṇavaggo paṭhamo.

1. "比丘們,具備五法的高齡出家者是稀有的。哪五法?比丘們,高齡出家者易受教導是稀有的,善於領受所教是稀有的,善於接受指導是稀有的,善於說法是稀有的,持戒律者是稀有的。比丘們,具備這五法的高齡出家者是稀有的。"第十。 障礙品第一。

Tassuddānaṃ –

Āvaraṇaṃ rāsi aṅgāni, samayaṃ mātuputtikā;

Upajjhā ṭhānā licchavi, kumārā aparā duveti.

其摘要如下: 障礙、堆積、支分、時節、母子; 和尚、處所、離車、童子,另外兩個。